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Mathijssen IM, Versnel SL. Craniofacial clefts. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118655412.ch20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hartman BH, Durruthy-Durruthy R, Laske RD, Losorelli S, Heller S. Identification and characterization of mouse otic sensory lineage genes. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:79. [PMID: 25852475 PMCID: PMC4365716 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate embryogenesis gives rise to all cell types of an organism through the development of many unique lineages derived from the three primordial germ layers. The otic sensory lineage arises from the otic vesicle, a structure formed through invagination of placodal non-neural ectoderm. This developmental lineage possesses unique differentiation potential, giving rise to otic sensory cell populations including hair cells, supporting cells, and ganglion neurons of the auditory and vestibular organs. Here we present a systematic approach to identify transcriptional features that distinguish the otic sensory lineage (from early otic progenitors to otic sensory populations) from other major lineages of vertebrate development. We used a microarray approach to analyze otic sensory lineage populations including microdissected otic vesicles (embryonic day 10.5) as well as isolated neonatal cochlear hair cells and supporting cells at postnatal day 3. Non-otic tissue samples including periotic tissues and whole embryos with otic regions removed were used as reference populations to evaluate otic specificity. Otic populations shared transcriptome-wide correlations in expression profiles that distinguish members of this lineage from non-otic populations. We further analyzed the microarray data using comparative and dimension reduction methods to identify individual genes that are specifically expressed in the otic sensory lineage. This analysis identified and ranked top otic sensory lineage-specific transcripts including Fbxo2, Col9a2, and Oc90, and additional novel otic lineage markers. To validate these results we performed expression analysis on select genes using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Fbxo2 showed the most striking pattern of specificity to the otic sensory lineage, including robust expression in the early otic vesicle and sustained expression in prosensory progenitors and auditory and vestibular hair cells and supporting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron H Hartman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Durruthy-Durruthy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roman D Laske
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven Losorelli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
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Acke FR, Malfait F, Vanakker OM, Steyaert W, De Leeneer K, Mortier G, Dhooge I, De Paepe A, De Leenheer EMR, Coucke PJ. Novel pathogenic COL11A1/COL11A2 variants in Stickler syndrome detected by targeted NGS and exome sequencing. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:230-5. [PMID: 25240749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stickler syndrome is caused by mutations in genes encoding type II and type XI collagens. About 85% of the pathogenic variants is found in COL2A1 (Stickler type 1), whereas a minority of mutations has been reported in COL11A1 (Stickler type 2) and COL11A2 (Stickler type 3). Beside the typical skeletal and orofacial manifestations, ocular anomalies are predominantly present in type 1 and type 2, while hearing loss is more pronounced in type 2 and type 3. METHODS We performed COL11A1 mutation analysis for 40 type 2 Stickler patients and COL11A2 mutation analysis for five type 3 Stickler patients, previously all COL2A1 mutation-negative, using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) whereas whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in parallel for two patients. Three patients were analyzed for both genes due to unclear ocular findings. RESULTS In total 14 COL11A1 and two COL11A2 mutations could be identified, seven of which are novel. Splice site alterations are the most frequent mutation type, followed by glycine substitutions. In addition, six variants of unknown significance (VUS) have been found. Identical mutations and variants were identified with both NGS techniques. CONCLUSION We expand the mutation spectrum of COL11A1 and COL11A2 in Stickler syndrome patients and show that targeted NGS is an efficient and cost-effective molecular tool in the genetic diagnosis of Stickler syndrome, whereas the more standardized WES might be an alternative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic R Acke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Steyaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Dhooge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els M R De Leenheer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Tham E, Nishimura G, Geiberger S, Horemuzova E, Nilsson D, Lindstrand A, Hammarsjö A, Armenio M, Mäkitie O, Zabel B, Nordgren A, Nordenskjöld M, Grigelioniene G. Autosomal recessive mutations in theCOL2A1gene cause severe spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Clin Genet 2014; 87:496-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - G. Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging; Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Geiberger
- Department of Pediatric Radiology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - E. Horemuzova
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - D. Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory; Karolinska Institutet Science Park; Solna Sweden
| | - A. Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Hammarsjö
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Armenio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - O. Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - B. Zabel
- Pediatric Genetics Division, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Freiburg University Hospital; Freiburg Germany
| | - A. Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - G. Grigelioniene
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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Prevention of Retinal Detachment in Stickler Syndrome. Ophthalmology 2014; 121:1588-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Khalifa O, Imtiaz F, Ramzan K, Allam R, Hemidan AA, Faqeih E, Abuharb G, Balobaid A, Sakati N, Owain MA. Marshall syndrome: further evidence of a distinct phenotypic entity and report of new findings. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2601-6. [PMID: 25073711 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Marshall syndrome and type II Stickler syndrome are caused by mutations in COL11A1, which codes for the proα1chain of collagen XI. Collagen XI is a minor fibrillar collagen co-expressed with collagen II in cartilage and the vitreous of the eye. Characteristic features of Marshall syndrome include midfacial hypoplasia, high myopia, and sensorineural-hearing deficit. Deletions, insertions, splice site, and missense mutations in COL11A1 have been identified in Stickler syndrome and Marshall syndrome patients. In this study, we describe the clinical presentations of seven patients with Marshall syndrome from three unrelated Saudi families, inherited as autosomal dominant (two families) and autosomal recessive (one family). Cardinal clinical features of Marshall syndrome are manifested in all patients. One patient had ectodermal abnormalities. Mutations (c.2702G > A in exon 34,IVS50 + 1G > A, and IVS50 + lG > C) were identified in COL11A1 in affected members. Interestingly, the first report of autosomal recessive Marshall syndrome was from Saudi Arabia caused by the same mutation (c.2702G > A, p.Gly901Glu) as in one of our families. This study depicts detailed phenotypic and genetic description of dominant and recessive forms of Marshall syndrome due to COL11A1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Khalifa
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Uwineza A, Caberg JH, Hitayezu J, Hellin AC, Jamar M, Dideberg V, Rusingiza EK, Bours V, Mutesa L. Array-CGH analysis in Rwandan patients presenting development delay/intellectual disability with multiple congenital anomalies. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:79. [PMID: 25016475 PMCID: PMC4123504 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Array-CGH is considered as the first-tier investigation used to identify copy number variations. Right now, there is no available data about the genetic etiology of patients with development delay/intellectual disability and congenital malformation in East Africa. Methods Array comparative genomic hybridization was performed in 50 Rwandan patients with development delay/intellectual disability and multiple congenital abnormalities, using the Agilent’s 180 K microarray platform. Results Fourteen patients (28%) had a global development delay whereas 36 (72%) patients presented intellectual disability. All patients presented multiple congenital abnormalities. Clinically significant copy number variations were found in 13 patients (26%). Size of CNVs ranged from 0,9 Mb to 34 Mb. Six patients had CNVs associated with known syndromes, whereas 7 patients presented rare genomic imbalances. Conclusion This study showed that CNVs are present in African population and show the importance to implement genetic testing in East-African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leon Mutesa
- Center for Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda.
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Faletra F, D'Adamo AP, Bruno I, Athanasakis E, Biskup S, Esposito L, Gasparini P. Autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome due to a loss of function mutation in the COL9A3 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:42-7. [PMID: 24273071 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Stickler syndrome (STL) is a clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous syndrome characterized by ophthalmic, articular, orofacial, and auditory manifestations. STL has been described with both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance. The dominant form is caused by mutations of COL2A1 (STL 1, OMIM 108300), COL11A1 (STL 2, OMIM 604841), and COL11A2 (STL 3, OMIM 184840) genes, while recessive forms have been associated with mutations of COL9A1 (OMIM 120210) and COL9A2 (OMIM 120260) genes. Type IX collagen is a heterotrimeric molecule formed by three genetically distinct chains: α1, α2, and α3 encoded by the COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3 genes. Up to this time, only heterozygous mutations of COL9A3 gene have been reported in human and related to: (1) multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 3, (2) susceptibility to an intervertebral disc disease, and (3) hearing loss. Here, we describe the first autosomal recessive Stickler family due to loss of function mutations (c.1176_1198del, p.Gln393Cysfs*25) of COL9A3 gene. These findings extend further the role of collagen genes family in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Faletra
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo"-Trieste, Italy
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Richards AJ, Fincham GS, McNinch A, Hill D, Poulson AV, Castle B, Lees MM, Moore AT, Scott JD, Snead MP. Alternative splicing modifies the effect of mutations in COL11A1 and results in recessive type 2 Stickler syndrome with profound hearing loss. J Med Genet 2013; 50:765-71. [PMID: 23922384 PMCID: PMC3812854 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stickler syndromes types 1, 2 and 3 are usually dominant disorders caused by mutations in the genes COL2A1, COL11A1 and COL11A2 that encode the fibrillar collagens types II and XI present in cartilage and vitreous. Rare recessive forms of Stickler syndrome exist that are due to mutations in genes encoding type IX collagen (COL9A1 type 4 Stickler syndrome and COL9A2 type 5 Stickler syndrome). Recently, recessive mutations in the COL11A1 gene have been demonstrated to result in fibrochondrogenesis, a much more severe skeletal dysplasia, which is often lethal. Here we demonstrate that some mutations in COL11A1 are recessive, modified by alternative splicing and result in type 2 Stickler syndrome rather than fibrochondrogenesis. METHODS Patients referred to the national Stickler syndrome diagnostic service for England, UK were assessed clinically and subsequently sequenced for mutations in COL11A1. Additional in silico and functional studies to assess the effect of sequence variants on pre-mRNA processing and collagen structure were performed. RESULTS In three different families, heterozygous COL11A1 biallelic null, null/missense or silent/missense mutations, were found. They resulted in a recessive form of type 2 Stickler syndrome characterised by particularly profound hearing loss and are clinically distinct from the recessive types 4 and 5 variants of Stickler syndrome. One mutant allele in each family is capable of synthesising a normal α1(XI) procollagen molecule, via variable pre-mRNA processing. CONCLUSION This new variant has important implications for molecular diagnosis and counselling families with type 2 Stickler syndrome.
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Hearing impairment in Stickler syndrome: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:84. [PMID: 23110709 PMCID: PMC3551705 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder characterized by ocular, skeletal, orofacial and auditory defects. It is caused by mutations in different collagen genes, namely COL2A1, COL11A1 and COL11A2 (autosomal dominant inheritance), and COL9A1 and COL9A2 (autosomal recessive inheritance). The auditory phenotype in Stickler syndrome is inconsistently reported. Therefore we performed a systematic review of the literature to give an up-to-date overview of hearing loss in Stickler syndrome, and correlated it with the genotype. Methods English-language literature was reviewed through searches of PubMed and Web of Science, in order to find relevant articles describing auditory features in Stickler patients, along with genotype. Prevalences of hearing loss are calculated and correlated with the different affected genes and type of mutation. Results 313 patients (102 families) individually described in 46 articles were included. Hearing loss was found in 62.9%, mostly mild to moderate when reported. Hearing impairment was predominantly sensorineural (67.8%). Conductive (14.1%) and mixed (18.1%) hearing loss was primarily found in young patients or patients with a palatal defect. Overall, mutations in COL11A1 (82.5%) and COL11A2 (94.1%) seem to be more frequently associated with hearing impairment than mutations in COL2A1 (52.2%). Conclusions Hearing impairment in patients with Stickler syndrome is common. Sensorineural hearing loss predominates, but also conductive hearing loss, especially in children and patients with a palatal defect, may occur. The distinct disease-causing collagen genes are associated with a different prevalence of hearing impairment, but still large phenotypic variation exists. Regular auditory follow-up is strongly advised, particularly because many Stickler patients are visually impaired.
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Nagendran S, Richards AJ, McNinch A, Sandford RN, Snead MP. Somatic mosaicism and the phenotypic expression of COL2A1 mutations. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1204-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Stevenson DA, Vanzo R, Damjanovich K, Hanson H, Muntz H, Hoffman RO, Bayrak-Toydemir P. Mosaicism in Stickler syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:418-22. [PMID: 22522174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Stickler syndrome is a heterogeneous condition due to mutations in COL2A1, COL11A1, COL11A2, and COL9A1. To our knowledge, neither non-penetrance nor mosaicism for COL2A1 mutations has been reported for Stickler syndrome. We report on a family with two clinically affected sibs with Stickler syndrome who have clinically unaffected parents. Both sibs have a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 26 of COL2A1 (c.1525delT); this results in a premature termination codon downstream of the mutation site. One parent was found to have low level mosaicism in DNA extracted from whole blood. This scenario encourages consideration of molecular testing in seemingly unaffected parents for recurrence risks and potential screening for mild age-related manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Stevenson
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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Stickler syndrome, ocular-only variants and a key diagnostic role for the ophthalmologist. Eye (Lond) 2011; 25:1389-400. [PMID: 21921955 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The entity described by Gunnar Stickler, which included hereditary arthro-ophthalmopathy associated with retinal detachment, has recently been recognised to consist of a number of subgroups, which might now more correctly be referred to as the Stickler syndromes. They are the most common clinical manifestation of the type II/XI collagenopathies and are the most common cause of inherited rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This review article is intended to provide the ophthalmologist with an update on current research, subgroups, and their diagnosis together with a brief overview of allied conditions to be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis. We highlight the recently identified subgroups with a high risk of retinal detachment but with minimal or absent systemic involvement--a particularly important group for the ophthalmologist to identify.
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