51
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Li G, Wang T, Fei F, Su YM, Li Y, Lan Q, Wang XS. Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Difluoroalkylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yi-Ming Su
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Quan Lan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Shanghai 200032 China
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52
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Xie J, Zhang T, Chen F, Mehrkens N, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gold-katalysierte hochselektive Photoredox-C(sp2
)-H-Difluoralkylierung und -Perfluoralkylierung von Hydrazonen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Fei Chen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Nina Mehrkens
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University (KAU); Jeddah 21589 Saudi-Arabien
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53
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Xie J, Zhang T, Chen F, Mehrkens N, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed Highly Selective Photoredox C(sp(2) )-H Difluoroalkylation and Perfluoroalkylation of Hydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2934-8. [PMID: 26800002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first gold-catalyzed photoredox C(sp(2) )-H difluoroalkylation and perfluoroalkylation of hydrazones with readily available RF -Br reagents is reported. The resulting gem-difluoromethylated and perfluoroalkylated hydrazones are highly functionalized, versatile molecules. A mild reduction of the coupling products can efficiently produce gem-difluoromethylated β-amino phosphonic acids and β-amino acid derivatives. In mechanistic studies, a difluoroalkyl radical intermediate was detected by an EPR spin-trapping experiment, indicating that a gold-catalyzed radical pathway is operating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fei Chen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Mehrkens
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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54
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Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed C−H Difluoroalkylation of Hydrazones through an Aminyl Radical/Polar Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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55
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Xu P, Wang G, Zhu Y, Li W, Cheng Y, Li S, Zhu C. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed C-H Difluoroalkylation of Hydrazones through an Aminyl Radical/Polar Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:2939-43. [PMID: 26592803 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented visible-light-induced direct C-H bond difluoroalkylation of aldehyde-derived hydrazones was developed. This reaction represents a new way to synthesize substituted hydrazones. The salient features of this reaction include difluorinated hydrazone synthesis rather than classical amine synthesis, extremely mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, wide substrate scope, ease in further transformations of the products, and one-pot syntheses. Mechanistic analyses and theoretical calculations indicate that this reaction is enabled by a novel aminyl radical/polar crossover mechanism, with the aminyl radical being oxidized into the corresponding aminyl cation through a single electron transfer (SET) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
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56
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Saulnier S, Ciardi M, Lopez-Carrillo V, Gualandi A, Cozzi PG. A Versatile Organocatalytic Approach for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched gem-Difluorinated Compounds. Chemistry 2015; 21:13689-95. [PMID: 26239866 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a practical and highly enantioselective organocatalytic reaction, which allows the stereoselective introduction of a benzodithiol group, with a fluorination step, gives a new and effective strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of difluorinated building blocks. The benzodithiol group is a versatile and chameleonic group that can be further functionalized before fluorination, giving customized and tailored useful synthetic strategies. As an example of the application of this facile strategy, the effective enantioselective synthesis of difluoroarundic acid is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Saulnier
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Via A. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy)
| | - Moira Ciardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Via A. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy).,Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Croix du Sud, 1 bte L7.04.02, room a.241, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)
| | - Veronica Lopez-Carrillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Via A. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy)
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Via A. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy)
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università di Bologna, Via A. Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna (Italy).
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57
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Zhang X, Yang C. Alkylations of Arylboronic Acids including Difluoroethylation/TrifluoroethylationviaNickel-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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58
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Belhomme MC, Besset T, Poisson T, Pannecoucke X. Recent Progress toward the Introduction of Functionalized Difluoromethylated Building Blocks onto C(sp2) and C(sp) Centers. Chemistry 2015; 21:12836-65. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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59
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An L, Xiao YL, Min QQ, Zhang X. Facile Access to Fluoromethylated Arenes by Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling between Arylboronic Acids and Fluoromethyl Bromide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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60
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An L, Xiao YL, Min QQ, Zhang X. Facile Access to Fluoromethylated Arenes by Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling between Arylboronic Acids and Fluoromethyl Bromide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9079-83. [PMID: 26094982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The nickel-catalyzed fluoromethylation of arylboronic acids was achieved with the industrial raw material fluoromethyl bromide (CH2 FBr) as the coupling partner. The reaction proceeded under mild reaction conditions with high efficiency; it features the use of a low-cost nickel catalyst, synthetic simplicity, and excellent functional-group compatibility, and provides facile access to fluoromethylated biologically relevant molecules. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that a single-electron-transfer (SET) pathway is involved in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun An
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Yu-Lan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Qiao-Qiao Min
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032 (China).
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61
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Su YM, Feng GS, Wang ZY, Lan Q, Wang XS. Nickel-Catalyzed Monofluoromethylation of Aryl Boronic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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62
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Su YM, Feng GS, Wang ZY, Lan Q, Wang XS. Nickel-catalyzed monofluoromethylation of aryl boronic acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6003-7. [PMID: 25809786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aryl boronic acids can be monofluoromethylated under nickel catalysis. The utility of this method is demonstrated by the monofluoromethylation of a borylated and acyl-protected derivative of the statin drug ezetimibe. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a fluoromethyl radical is involved in the Ni(I)/Ni(III) catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 (China)
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63
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Shi SL, Buchwald SL. Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular CH Difluoroalkylation: Synthesis of Substituted 3,3-Difluoro-2-oxindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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64
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Shi SL, Buchwald SL. Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C-H difluoroalkylation: synthesis of substituted 3,3-difluoro-2-oxindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1646-50. [PMID: 25476241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 3,3-difluoro-2-oxindoles through a robust and efficient palladium-catalyzed CH difluoroalkylation is described. This process generates a broad range of difluorooxindoles from readily prepared starting materials. The use of BrettPhos as the ligand was crucial for high efficiency. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that oxidative addition is the rate-determining step for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Liang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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65
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Feng Z, Min QQ, Zhao HY, Gu JW, Zhang X. A General Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated Alkenes by Palladium-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reaction of Fluoroalkyl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1270-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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66
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Feng Z, Min QQ, Zhao HY, Gu JW, Zhang X. A General Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated Alkenes by Palladium-Catalyzed Heck-Type Reaction of Fluoroalkyl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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