51
|
Li Q, Jiang J, Fan A, Cui Y, Jia Y. Total synthesis of lamellarins D, H, and R and ningalin B. Org Lett 2010; 13:312-5. [PMID: 21175172 DOI: 10.1021/ol1027877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A concise total synthesis of lamellarins D (7 steps), H (7 steps), and R (5 steps) and ningalin B (5 steps) is achieved starting from the corresponding aldehydes and amines. The synthesis features three oxidative reactions as key steps in a biomimetic manner, involving an AgOAc-mediated oxidative coupling reaction to construct the pyrrole core, a Pb(OAc)(4)-induced oxidative cyclization to form the lactone, and Kita's oxidation reaction to form the pyrrole-arene C-C bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Tiefenbacher K, Gollner A, Mulzer J. Syntheses and antibacterial properties of iso-platencin, Cl-iso-platencin and Cl-platencin: identification of a new lead structure. Chemistry 2010; 16:9616-22. [PMID: 20486112 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Platencin is a novel antibiotic which is active against multiresistant pathogens. We describe efficient syntheses of three platencin analogues of varying activities which allow further conclusions about the pharmacophoric part of the molecule. The unnatural antibiotic iso-platencin, which is about as active as natural platencin, but much more selective, was identified as a new lead structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Tiefenbacher
- University of Vienna, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Hirai S, Nakada M. An enantioselective approach to (−)-platencin via catalytic asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
54
|
Waalboer DCJ, Leenders SHAM, Schülin-Casonato T, van Delft FL, Rutjes FPJT. Total Synthesis and Antibiotic Activity of Dehydrohomoplatencin. Chemistry 2010; 16:11233-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
55
|
Palanichamy K, Kaliappan KP. Discovery and syntheses of "superbug challengers"-platensimycin and platencin. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:668-703. [PMID: 20209576 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have developed resistance to almost all existing antibiotics known today and this has been a major issue over the last few decades. The search for a new class of antibiotics with a new mode of action to fight these multiply-drug-resistant strains, or "superbugs", allowed a team of scientists at Merck to discover two novel antibiotics, platensimycin and platencin using advanced screening strategies, as inhibitors of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis, which is essential for the survival of bacteria. Though both these antibiotics are structurally related, they work by slightly different mechanisms and target different enzymes conserved in the bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis. This Focus Review summarizes the synthetic and biological aspects of these natural products and their analogues and congeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalanidhi Palanichamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Tan B, Lu Y, Zeng X, Chua PJ, Zhong G. Facile Domino Access to Chiral Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and Discovery of a New Catalytic Activation Mode. Org Lett 2010; 12:2682-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1007795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Yunpeng Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Pei Juan Chua
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Guofu Zhong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Abstract
An asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction between acrolein and 1-benzyloxymethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene affords a bicyclic aldehyde that was elaborated in 11 steps to nor-platencin. nor-Platencin is 4-16 times less active than platencin against several resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, macrolide-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.
Collapse
|
58
|
|
59
|
Singh V, Sahu BC, Bansal V, Mobin SM. Intramolecular cycloaddition in 6,6-spiroepoxycyclohexa-2,4-dienone: simple aromatics to (±)-Platencin. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4472-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c004316h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
60
|
Nicolaou KC, Tria GS, Edmonds DJ, Kar M. Total syntheses of (+/-)-platencin and (-)-platencin. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15909-17. [PMID: 19824676 PMCID: PMC2783895 DOI: 10.1021/ja906801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The secondary metabolites platensimycin and platencin, isolated from the bacterial strain Streptomyces platensis, represent a novel class of natural products exhibiting unique and potent antibacterial activity. Platencin, though structurally similar to platensimycin, has been found to operate through a slightly different mechanism of action involving the dual inhibition of lipid elongation enzymes FabF and FabH. Both natural products exhibit strong, broad-spectrum, gram-positive antibacterial activity to key antibiotic resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Described herein are our synthetic efforts toward platencin, culminating in both racemic and asymmetric preparation of the natural product. The syntheses demonstrate the power of the cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction and the one-pot reductive rearrangement of [3.2.1] bicyclic ketones to [2.2.2] bicyclic olefins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Isolation, enzyme-bound structure and antibacterial activity of platencin A1 from Streptomyces platensis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4756-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
62
|
Ghosh A, Xi K. A Symmetry-Based Concise Formal Synthesis of Platencin, a Novel Lead against “Superbugs”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
63
|
|
64
|
Yun SY, Zheng JC, Lee D. Stereoelectronic Effect for the Selectivity in C−H Insertion of Alkylidene Carbenes and Its Application to the Synthesis of Platensimycin. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8413-5. [PMID: 19473019 DOI: 10.1021/ja903526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Young Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Jun-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
|
66
|
|
67
|
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Mulzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Nicolaou K, Chen J, Edmonds D, Estrada A. Fortschritte in der Chemie und Biologie natürlicher Antibiotika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
69
|
Ghosh AK, Xi K. A symmetry-based concise formal synthesis of platencin, a novel lead against "superbugs". Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:5372-5. [PMID: 19572306 PMCID: PMC3518310 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Quick access: A concise and efficient formal synthesis of platencin has been accomplished in nine steps from a commercially available starting material. The synthesis utilized only one protecting group. The base-catalyzed Michael cyclization of precursor 1 afforded the key diketone 2, which was converted into the desired core structure 4 via the radical intermediate 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Nicolaou KC, Chen JS, Edmonds DJ, Estrada AA. Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of naturally occurring antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:660-719. [PMID: 19130444 PMCID: PMC2730216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the world-shaping discovery of penicillin, nature's molecular diversity has been extensively screened for new medications and lead compounds in drug discovery. The search for agents intended to combat infectious diseases has been of particular interest and has enjoyed a high degree of success. Indeed, the history of antibiotics is marked with impressive discoveries and drug-development stories, the overwhelming majority of which have their origin in natural products. Chemistry, and in particular chemical synthesis, has played a major role in bringing naturally occurring antibiotics and their derivatives to the clinic, and no doubt these disciplines will continue to be key enabling technologies. In this review article, we highlight a number of recent discoveries and advances in the chemistry, biology, and medicine of naturally occurring antibiotics, with particular emphasis on total synthesis, analogue design, and biological evaluation of molecules with novel mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
You LF, Hsung RP, Bedermann AA, Kurdyumov AV, Tang Y, Buchanan GS, Cole KP. An Enantioselective Synthesis of the ABD Tricycle for (-)-Phomactin A Featuring Rawal's Asymmetric Diels-Alder Cycloaddition. Adv Synth Catal 2008; 350:10.1002/adsc.200800552. [PMID: 24273477 PMCID: PMC3834967 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective synthesis of the ABD-ring of (-)-phomactin A is described here. The sequence features Rawal's asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloaddition. The overall length is significantly reduced from our previous attempt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Feng You
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Richard P. Hsung
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Aaron A. Bedermann
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Aleksey V. Kurdyumov
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Yu Tang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Grant S. Buchanan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Kevin P. Cole
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Rennebohm Hall, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
García-Fortanet J, Buchwald S. Asymmetric Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular α-Arylation of Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
73
|
Nicolaou KC, Stepan AF, Lister T, Li A, Montero A, Tria GS, Turner CI, Tang Y, Wang J, Denton RM, Edmonds DJ. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of platensimycin analogues with varying degrees of molecular complexity. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:13110-9. [PMID: 18771264 PMCID: PMC2669665 DOI: 10.1021/ja8044376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation of two distinct series of platensimycin analogues with varying degrees of complexity are described. The first series of compounds probes the biological importance of the benzoic acid subunit of the molecule, while the second series explores the tetracyclic cage domain. The biological data obtained reveal that, while the substituted benzoic acid domain of platensimycin is a highly conserved structural motif within the active compounds with strict functional group requirements, the cage domain of the molecule can tolerate considerable structural modifications without losing biological action. These findings refine our present understanding of the platensimycin pharmacophore and establish certain structure-activity relationships from which the next generation of designed analogues of this new antibiotic may emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie A. B. Austin
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Waalboer D, Schaapman M, van Delft F, Rutjes F. High-Pressure Entry into Platencin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
77
|
Waalboer D, Schaapman M, van Delft F, Rutjes F. High-Pressure Entry into Platencin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6576-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
78
|
Matsuo JI, Takeuchi K, Ishibashi H. Stereocontrolled Formal Synthesis of (±)-Platensimycin. Org Lett 2008; 10:4049-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801584r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Matsuo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takeuchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishibashi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
|
80
|
Yun S, Zheng JC, Lee D. Concise Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Platencin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6201-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
81
|
Nicolaou KC, Toh QY, Chen DYK. An Expedient Asymmetric Synthesis of Platencin. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11292-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja804588r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Chemical Synthesis Laboratory@Biopolis, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, The Helios Block, #03-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Qiao-Yan Toh
- Chemical Synthesis Laboratory@Biopolis, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, The Helios Block, #03-08, Singapore 138667
| | - David Y.-K. Chen
- Chemical Synthesis Laboratory@Biopolis, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 11 Biopolis Way, The Helios Block, #03-08, Singapore 138667
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
|
83
|
García-Fortanet J, Buchwald SL. Asymmetric palladium-catalyzed intramolecular alpha-arylation of aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8108-11. [PMID: 18792905 PMCID: PMC2748771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Dr. J. García-Fortanet, Prof. Dr. S. L. Buchwald Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 (USA) Fax: (+) 617-253-3297
| |
Collapse
|