51
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Wong MYM, So PK, Yao ZP. Direct analysis of traditional Chinese medicines by mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:2-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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52
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Bierstedt A, Riedel J. High-repetition rate laser ablation coupled to dielectric barrier discharge postionization for ambient mass spectrometry. Methods 2016; 104:3-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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53
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Martínez-Jarquín S, Moreno-Pedraza A, Guillén-Alonso H, Winkler R. Template for 3D Printing a Low-Temperature Plasma Probe. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6976-80. [PMID: 27302654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization represents an emerging technology in ambient mass spectrometry. LTP enables the solvent-free direct detection of a broad range of molecules and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). The low energy consumption and modest technical requirements of these ion sources favors their employment in mobile applications and as a means to upgrade existing mass analyzers. However, the broad adoption of LTP is hindered by the lack of commercial devices, and constructing personal devices is tricky. Improper setup can result in equipment malfunction or may cause serious damage to instruments due to strong electromagnetic fields or arcing. With this in mind, we developed a reproducible LTP probe, which is designed exclusively from commercial and 3D printed components. The plasma jet generated by the device has a diameter of about 200 μm, which is satisfactory for the ambient imaging of macroscopic samples. We coupled the 3D-LTP probe to an ion trap analyzer and demonstrated the functionality of the ion source by detecting organic and chemical compounds from pure reference standards, biological substances, and pharmaceutical samples. Molecules were primarily detected in their protonated form or as water/ammonium adducts. The identification of compounds was possible by standard collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation spectra. The files necessary to reproduce the 3D parts are available from the project page ( http://lababi.bioprocess.org/index.php/3d-ltp ) under a dual license model, which permits reproduction of the probe and further community-driven development for noncommercial use ("peer production"). Our reproducible probe design thus contributes to a facilitated adaption and evolution of low-temperature plasma technologies in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez-Jarquín
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato , Irapuato, 36821, Mexico
| | - Abigail Moreno-Pedraza
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato , Irapuato, 36821, Mexico
| | - Héctor Guillén-Alonso
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato , Irapuato, 36821, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato , Irapuato, 36821, Mexico
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54
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Jae Kyoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Samuel C. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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55
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Method for Improving Spatial Resolution of Liquid-assisted Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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56
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Dumlao MC, Jeffress LE, Gooding JJ, Donald WA. Solid-phase microextraction low temperature plasma mass spectrometry for the direct and rapid analysis of chemical warfare simulants in complex mixtures. Analyst 2016; 141:3714-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive, rapid, and direct detection of chemical-warfare agent simulants in urine by solid-phase microextraction low temperature plasma ionisation mass spectrometry.
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57
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Zhang W, Huang G. Fast screening of analytes for chemical reactions by reactive low-temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1947-1953. [PMID: 26443392 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Approaches for analyte screening have been used to aid in the fine-tuning of chemical reactions. Herein, we present a simple and straightforward analyte screening method for chemical reactions via reactive low-temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry (reactive LTP-MS). METHODS Solution-phase reagents deposited on sample substrates were desorbed into the vapor phase by action of the LTP and by thermal desorption. Treated with LTP, both reagents reacted through a vapor phase ion/molecule reaction to generate the product. Finally, protonated reagents and products were identified by LTP-MS. RESULTS Reaction products from imine formation reaction, Eschweiler-Clarke methylation and the Eberlin reaction were detected via reactive LTP-MS. Products from the imine formation reaction with reagents substituted with different functional groups (26 out of 28 trials) were successfully screened in a time of 30 s each. Besides, two short-lived reactive intermediates of Eschweiler-Clarke methylation were also detected. CONCLUSIONS LTP in this study serves both as an ambient ionization source for analyte identification (including reagents, intermediates and products) and as a means to produce reagent ions to assist gas-phase ion/molecule reactions. The present reactive LTP-MS method enables fast screening for several analytes from several chemical reactions, which possesses good reagent compatibility and the potential to perform high-throughput analyte screening. In addition, with the detection of various reactive intermediates (intermediates I and II of Eschweiler-Clarke methylation), the present method would also contribute to revealing and elucidating reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
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58
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Field-induced wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for high-throughput analysis of herbal medicines. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 887:127-137. [PMID: 26320794 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the first application of field-induced wooden-tip electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) for high-throughput analysis of herbal medicines. By application of an opposite and sample-contactless high voltage on the MS inlet rather than wooden tips, a high-throughput analysis device is easily set up, and a relatively fast analysis speed of 6 s per sample was successfully achieved. In addition, fast polarity switching between positive and negative ion detection mode is readily accomplished, which provides more complete chemical information for quality assessment and control of herbal medicines. By using the proposed method, various active ingredients present in different herbal medicines were rapidly detected, and the obtained mass spectra were served as the samples' fingerprints for tracing the origins, establishing the authenticity, and assessing the quality consistency and stability of herbal medicines. Our experimental results demonstrated that field-induced wooden-tip ESI-MS is a desirable method for high-throughput analysis of herbal medicines, with promising prospects for rapidly differentiating the origin, determining the authenticity, and assessing the overall quality of pharmaceuticals.
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59
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Ding X, Duan Y. Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry techniques: The current status and future prospective. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:449-73. [PMID: 24338668 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry is emerging as a frontier technology for direct analysis of sample that employs low-energy plasma as the ionization reagent. The versatile sources of ambient mass spectrometry (MS) can be classified according to the plasma formation approaches; namely, corona discharge, glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, and microwave-induced discharge. These techniques allow pretreatment-free detection of samples, ranging from biological materials (e.g., flies, bacteria, plants, tissues, peptides, metabolites, and lipids) to pharmaceuticals, food-stuffs, polymers, chemical warfare reagents, and daily-use chemicals. In most cases, plasma-based ambient MS performs well as a qualitative tool and as an analyzer for semi-quantitation. Herein, we provide an overview of the key concepts, mechanisms, and applications of plasma-based ambient MS techniques, and discuss the challenges and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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60
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Zhou L, Zhao A, Wang Z, Chen Z, Ren J, Qu X. Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of multicolor luminescent silica nanodots and their use as anticounterfeiting ink. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2905-2911. [PMID: 25581371 DOI: 10.1021/am5083304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose a simple route for the fabrication of silica nanodots which are strongly photoluminescent in both solution and the solid state based on the use of ionic liquids (ILs). It is found that the ILs not only provides the environment for the reaction but also contributes to the quantum yield (QY) of the silica nanodots. In particular, the produced silica nanodots also displayed excitation-dependent photoluminescence and temperature sensitive properties. Based on the unique optical properties, the as-prepared nanomaterial was used for anticounterfeiting application and the results demonstrated the great potential of the silica nanodots alone or combined with other fluorescent material of unicolor for an improved anticounterfeiting technology. This simple approach and the resulting outstanding combination of properties make the prepared silica nanodots highly promising for myriad applications in areas such as fluorescent anticounterfeiting, optoelectronic devices, medical diagnosis and biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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61
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Huang MZ, Jhang SS, Shiea J. Electrospray laser desorption ionization (ELDI) mass spectrometry for molecular imaging of small molecules on tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1203:107-116. [PMID: 25361671 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1357-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of an ambient ionization mass spectrometry technique known as electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (ELDI/MS) for molecular imaging is described in this section. The technique requires little or no sample pretreatment and the application of matrix on sample surfaces is unnecessary. In addition, the technique is highly suitable for the analysis of hard and thick tissues compared to other molecular imaging methods because it does not require production of thin tissue slices via microtomes, which greatly simplifies the overall sample preparation procedure and prevents the redistribution of analytes during matrix desorption. In this section, the ELDI/MS technique was applied to the profiling and imaging of chemical compounds on the surfaces of dry plant slices. Analyte distribution on plant slices was obtained by moving the sample relative to a pulsed laser and an ESI capillary for analyte desorption and post-ionization, respectively. Images of specific ions on sample surfaces with resolutions of 250 μm were typically created within 4.2 h for tissues with sizes of approximately 57 mm × 10 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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62
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Zhong X, Qiao L, Liu B, Girault HH. Ambient in situ analysis and imaging of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic thin layer chromatography plates by electrostatic spray ionization mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct coupling of ESTASI-MS with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic TLC for ambient in situ analysis and imaging with ultralow sample consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhong
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
| | - Liang Qiao
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
| | - Baohong Liu
- Chemistry Department
- Fudan University
- 200433 Shanghai
- China
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
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63
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Guo C, Tang F, Chen J, Wang X, Zhang S, Zhang X. Development of dielectric-barrier-discharge ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2345-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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64
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Direct Molecular Analysis of Garlic Using Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(14)60783-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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65
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Deng J, Yang Y, Fang L, Lin L, Zhou H, Luan T. Coupling Solid-Phase Microextraction with Ambient Mass Spectrometry Using Surface Coated Wooden-Tip Probe for Rapid Analysis of Ultra Trace Perfluorinated Compounds in Complex Samples. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11159-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5034177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Deng
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong
Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology, China National Analytical Center Guangzhou, 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Li Lin
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haiyun Zhou
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China
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66
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Albert A, Shelley JT, Engelhard C. Plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: state-of-the-art in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6111-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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67
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Kao YY, Cheng SC, Cheng CN, Shiea J, Ho HO. Detection of trace ink compounds in erased handwritings using electrospray-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:445-451. [PMID: 24913397 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Writings made with erasable pens on paper surfaces can either be rubbed off with an eraser or rendered invisible by changing the temperature of the ink. However, trace ink compounds still remain in the paper fibers even after rubbing or rendering. The detection of these ink compounds from erased handwritings will be helpful in knowing the written history of the paper. In this study, electrospray-assisted laser desorption ionization/mass spectrometry was used to characterize trace ink compounds remaining in visible and invisible ink lines. The ink compounds were desorbed from the paper surface by irradiating the handwritings with a pulsed laser beam; the desorbed analytes were subsequently ionized in an electrospray plume and detected by a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry mass analyzer. Because of the high spatial resolution of the laser beam, electrospray-assisted laser desorption ionization/mass spectrometry analysis resulted in minimal damage to the sample documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Kao
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Justice, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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68
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Feng B, Zhang J, Chang C, Li L, Li M, Xiong X, Guo C, Tang F, Bai Y, Liu H. Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging: Plasma Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Its Applications. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4164-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Feng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cuilan Chang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liping Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | - Chengan Guo
- Department
of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department
of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement
Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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69
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Tang Y, Su Y, Yang N, Zhang L, Lv Y. Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots: A Novel Chemiluminescence System for Selective Detection of Free Chlorine in Water. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4528-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5005162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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70
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Maldonado-Torres M, López-Hernández JF, Jiménez-Sandoval P, Winkler R. 'Plug and Play' assembly of a low-temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LTP-MSI) system. J Proteomics 2014; 102:60-5. [PMID: 24642210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is of high and growing interest in life science research, but the investment for necessary equipment is often prohibitive for small research groups. Therefore, we developed a basic MSI system from low cost 'Plug and Play' components, which are connected to the Universal Serial Bus (USB) of a standard computer. Our open source software OpenMZxy (http://www.bioprocess.org/openmzxy) enables automatic and manual sampling, as well as the recording of position data. For ionization we used a low-temperature plasma probe (LTP), coupled to a quadrupole mass analyzer. The current set-up has a practical resolution of 1mm, and a sampling area of 100×100mm, resulting in up to 10,000 sampling points. Our prototype is easy and economical to adopt for different types of mass analyzers. We prove the usability of the LTP-MSI system for macroscopic samples by imaging the distribution of metabolites in the longitudinal cross-cut of a chili (Capsicum annuum, 'Jalapeño pepper') fruit. The localization of capsaicin in the placenta could be confirmed. But additionally, yet unknown low molecular weight compounds were detected in defined areas, which underline the potential of LTP-MSI for the imaging of volatile and semi-volatile metabolites and for the discovery of new natural products. Biological significance Knowledge about the spatial distribution of metabolites, proteins, or lipids in a given tissue often leads to novel findings in medicine and biology. Therefore, mass spectrometry based imaging (MSI) is becoming increasingly popular in life science research. However, the investment for necessary equipment is often prohibitive for small research groups. We built a prototype with an ambient ionization source, which is easy and economical to adopt for different types of mass analyzers. Therefore, we hope that our system contributes to a broader use of mass spectrometry imaging for answering biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Jiménez-Sandoval
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico.
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71
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Xu C, Zhou R, He W, Wu L, Wu P, Hou X. Fast Imaging of Eccrine Latent Fingerprints with Nontoxic Mn-Doped ZnS QDs. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3279-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac404244v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenwei He
- Criminal Science
and Technology Studio, Chongqing Zhongxian Police Security Bureau, Chongqing 404300, China
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72
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Direct characterization of bulk samples by internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2495. [PMID: 23970067 PMCID: PMC3750536 DOI: 10.1038/srep02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A straight-forward analytical strategy called internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (iEESI-MS), which combines solvent extraction of chemicals inside a bulk sample with in situ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, has been established to directly characterize the interior of a bulk sample with molecular specificity. The method allows both qualitative and quantitative analysis of analytes distributed in a 3-dimensional volume (e.g., 1 ~ 100 mm3) of various synthetic and biological matrices (e.g., chewing gum, leaves, fruits, roots, pork, lung tissues) without either mashing the sample or matrix separation. Using different extraction solvents, online chromatographic separation of chemicals inside the sample volume was observed during iEESI-MS analysis. The presented method is featured by the high speed of analysis, high sensitivity, low sample consumption and minimal sample preparation and/or degradation, offering unique possibilities for advanced applications in plant science, clinical diagnosis, catalyst studies, and materials science.
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73
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Qiao L, Tobolkina E, Lesch A, Bondarenko A, Zhong X, Liu B, Pick H, Vogel H, Girault HH. Electrostatic spray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2033-41. [PMID: 24446793 DOI: 10.1021/ac4031779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Imaging samples on a surface by mass spectrometry (MS) requires the combination of MS detection with a scanning mode that enables localized desorption and ionization and/or detection of sample analytes with good spatial resolution. We have developed a new mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) method based on electrostatic spray ionization. It works under ambient conditions and can be applied to a wide range of molecules providing quantitative MS analysis even in the presence of salts in excess. 2D MS images of protein and peptide spots, inkjet-printed black dye patterns, and cells were obtained. The presented novel ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging method can find many applications in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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74
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Bowfield A, Bunch J, Salter TL, Steven RT, Gilmore IS, Barrett DA, Alexander MR, McKay K, Bradley JW. Characterisation of a micro-plasma for ambient mass spectrometry imaging. Analyst 2014; 139:5430-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A systematic characterisation and optimisation of parameters of a plasma-mediated ion source to achieve the best spatial resolution for MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bowfield
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics
- University of Liverpool
- L69 3GJ, UK
- National Physical Laboratory
- , UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Dave A. Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience and Laboratory of Biophysics
- Surface Analysis School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- , UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience and Laboratory of Biophysics
- Surface Analysis School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- , UK
| | - Kirsty McKay
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics
- University of Liverpool
- L69 3GJ, UK
| | - James W. Bradley
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics
- University of Liverpool
- L69 3GJ, UK
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75
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Han B, Jiang X, Hou X, Zheng C. Dielectric Barrier Discharge Carbon Atomic Emission Spectrometer: Universal GC Detector for Volatile Carbon-Containing Compounds. Anal Chem 2013; 86:936-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403662w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Han
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Analytical & Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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76
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Tang Y, Song H, Su Y, Lv Y. Turn-on Persistent Luminescence Probe Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Imaging Detection of Biothiols in Biological Fluids. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11876-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403517u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Hongjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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77
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Zhao J, Deng J, Chen Y, Li S. Advanced phytochemical analysis of herbal tea in China. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:2-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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78
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Li M, Jia B, Ding L, Hong F, Ouyang Y, Chen R, Zhou S, Chen H, Fang X. Document authentication at molecular levels using desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry imaging. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:1042-1049. [PMID: 24078245 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular images of documents were obtained by sequentially scanning the surface of the document using desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI-MS), which was operated in either a gasless, solvent-free or methanol vapor-assisted mode. The decay process of the ink used for handwriting was monitored by following the signal intensities recorded by DAPCI-MS. Handwritings made using four types of inks on four kinds of paper surfaces were tested. By studying the dynamic decay of the inks, DAPCI-MS imaging differentiated a 10-min old from two 4 h old samples. Non-destructive forensic analysis of forged signatures either handwritten or computer-assisted was achieved according to the difference of the contour in DAPCI images, which was attributed to the strength personalized by different writers. Distinction of the order of writing/stamping on documents and detection of illegal printings were accomplished with a spatial resolution of about 140 µm. A Matlab® written program was developed to facilitate the visualization of the similarity between signature images obtained by DAPCI-MS. The experimental results show that DAPCI-MS imaging provides rich information at the molecular level and thus can be used for the reliable document analysis in forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100013, P. R. China
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79
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Campbell DI, Dalgleish JK, Cotte-Rodriguez I, Maeno S, Cooks RG. Chemical analysis and chemical imaging of fragrances and volatile compounds by low-temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1828-1836. [PMID: 23857928 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The rapid analysis of volatile compounds, such as fragrances, is important in many commercial industries. The various ambient ionization methods have until now been largely applied to non-volatile or low-volatile compounds with success, and this study develops a semi-quantitative method for volatile compounds in commercial cleaning products. METHODS Low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization was used to perform rapid analysis, determine limits of detection (LODs) and perform chemical imaging on eight fragrances. Several mass analyzers including an ion trap, a quadrupole and an orbitrap were used to rapidly screen volatile compounds from cloth, paper, and glass and determine compositions present in a commercial cleaning product. Peltier cooling was used in some cases to enhance the retention time of compounds on a surface. RESULTS This LTP method allowed the detection of fragrances in low picogram absolute amounts from glass, paper and cloth. Quantitation was demonstrated for compounds in a commercial cleaning product 1 min after the product was applied to a vinyl tile surface. High-throughput analysis and simultaneous detection of multiple compounds in a mixture were demonstrated with analysis times of less than 1 min. Modest spatial resolution (better than 1 cm) was achieved with LTP ionization. CONCLUSIONS A semi-quantitative method has been demonstrated for the routine analysis of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. This method would be useful in quality control and production environments to determine product persistence, location of analytes and to complement olfactory studies for determining concentrations in the ambient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia I Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
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80
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Deng J, Yang Y. Chemical fingerprint analysis for quality assessment and control of Bansha herbal tea using paper spray mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 785:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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81
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Römpp A, Spengler B. Mass spectrometry imaging with high resolution in mass and space. Histochem Cell Biol 2013; 139:759-83. [PMID: 23652571 PMCID: PMC3656243 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-013-1097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) imaging links molecular information and the spatial distribution of analytes within a sample. In contrast to most histochemical techniques, mass spectrometry imaging can differentiate molecular modifications and does not require labeling of targeted compounds. We have recently introduced the first mass spectrometry imaging method that provides highly specific molecular information (high resolution and accuracy in mass) at cellular dimensions (high resolution in space). This method is based on a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging source working at atmospheric pressure which is coupled to an orbital trapping mass spectrometer. Here, we present a number of application examples and demonstrate the benefit of ‘mass spectrometry imaging with high resolution in mass and space.’ Phospholipids, peptides and drug compounds were imaged in a number of tissue samples at a spatial resolution of 5–10 μm. Proteins were analyzed after on-tissue tryptic digestion at 50-μm resolution. Additional applications include the analysis of single cells and of human lung carcinoma tissue as well as the first MALDI imaging measurement of tissue at 3 μm pixel size. MS image analysis for all these experiments showed excellent correlation with histological staining evaluation. The high mass resolution (R = 30,000) and mass accuracy (typically 1 ppm) proved to be essential for specific image generation and reliable identification of analytes in tissue samples. The ability to combine the required high-quality mass analysis with spatial resolution in the range of single cells is a unique feature of our method. With that, it has the potential to supplement classical histochemical protocols and to provide new insights about molecular processes on the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Römpp
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstrasse 60, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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82
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Wu C, Dill AL, Eberlin LS, Cooks RG, Ifa DR. Mass spectrometry imaging under ambient conditions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2013; 32:218-43. [PMID: 22996621 PMCID: PMC3530640 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as an important tool in the last decade and it is beginning to show potential to provide new information in many fields owing to its unique ability to acquire molecularly specific images and to provide multiplexed information, without the need for labeling or staining. In MSI, the chemical identity of molecules present on a surface is investigated as a function of spatial distribution. In addition to now standard methods involving MSI in vacuum, recently developed ambient ionization techniques allow MSI to be performed under atmospheric pressure on untreated samples outside the mass spectrometer. Here we review recent developments and applications of MSI emphasizing the ambient ionization techniques of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI), probe electrospray ionization (PESI), desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI), femtosecond laser desorption ionization (fs-LDI), laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS), infrared laser ablation metastable-induced chemical ionization (IR-LAMICI), liquid microjunction surface sampling probe mass spectrometry (LMJ-SSP MS), nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI), and plasma sources such as the low temperature plasma (LTP) probe and laser ablation coupled to flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (LA-FAPA). Included are discussions of some of the features of ambient MSI for example the ability to implement chemical reactions with the goal of providing high abundance ions characteristic of specific compounds of interest and the use of tandem mass spectrometry to either map the distribution of targeted molecules with high specificity or to provide additional MS information on the structural identification of compounds. We also describe the role of bioinformatics in acquiring and interpreting the chemical and spatial information obtained through MSI, especially in biological applications for tissue diagnostic purposes. Finally, we discuss the challenges in ambient MSI and include perspectives on the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Allison L. Dill
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- ,
| | - Demian R. Ifa
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
- ,
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83
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Chu PC, Cai BY, Tsoi YK, Yuen R, Leung KS, Cheung NH. Forensic Analysis of Laser Printed Ink by X-ray Fluorescence and Laser-Excited Plume Fluorescence. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4311-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400378q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Chu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Bruno Yue Cai
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Yeuk Ki Tsoi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Ronald Yuen
- Thermo Scientific, Niton Analyzer Asia, Unit 11-15, 9/F, Tower
1, Grand Central Plaza,
Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin S.Y. Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Nai-Ho Cheung
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong,
China
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84
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Benassi M, Garcia-Reyes JF, Spengler B. Ambient ion/molecule reactions in low-temperature plasmas (LTP): reactive LTP mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:795-804. [PMID: 23495026 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ion/molecule reactions are commonly used to characterize structures due to their high specificity. Herein, we present ambient ion/molecule reactions performed in the course of low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization of condensed-phase analytes in order to increase the specificity of LTP-based ambient analysis. METHODS The ion population of the cold plasma is modified by addition of a reagent to the plasma before it is directed at a surface bearing the analyte. Desorbed ions were analyzed using linear ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS). RESULTS Acylium ions generated from tetramethylurea react with 1,3-dioxane analyte to afford distinctive Eberlin product ions. Reactions of alkylamines, such as n-hexylamine and n-octylamine, with benzaldehyde produce the corresponding imines. Reaction of ruthenocene with trifluoroacetic anhydride forms the unusual trifluoroacetate ruthenocene. CONCLUSIONS A LTP source can be used to generate reagent ions that can undergo ion/molecule reactions in the ambient environment with an analyte at condensed phase on a surface. The experiment is a 'reactive' version of the standard low-temperature plasma (LTP) ambient ionization experiment. This approach provides additional information by combining ion/molecule chemistry with conventional MS and MS/MS data to characterize particular analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Benassi
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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85
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Benassi M, Berisha A, Romão W, Babayev E, Römpp A, Spengler B. Petroleum crude oil analysis using low-temperature plasma mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:825-834. [PMID: 23495029 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The analysis of crude oil is a challenging task due to sample complexity. In mass spectrometry, several ionization techniques can be used to perform this task. Herein, we report the use of an atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma (LTP) probe to desorb and ionize compounds of petroleum crude oil from different sources and residual fuel oil standard reference materials (SRMs). LTP is used to perform rapid screening of low molecular weight and relatively volatile components enabling characterization and differentiation of crude oil samples relying solely on mass spectrometric data. METHODS Crude oil samples were analyzed without sample preparation or dilution directly from sampling surfaces of different materials such as polytetrafluorethylene, glass and polyethylene. Analyses were performed using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) with high mass accuracy and high resolving power of 400,000 at m/z 400 to estimate the elemental composition of the ions produced by LTP. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the LTP data for statistical analysis. RESULTS LTP was found to generate positive ions of lower mass compounds of low to moderate polarity. Three-dimensional PCA plots efficiently differentiated between SRMs and Azerbaijan crude oil samples. Standards of alkanes, nitrogen heterocycles, sulfur heterocycles, hydrocarbon polycyclic aromatics and saturated acids were investigated for their behavior in LTP ionization. Alkanes were found to form oxidized products to some extent. The LTP probe worked particularly well in the characterization of sulfur compounds. CONCLUSIONS LTP ionization of crude oils was found to advantageously complement analysis by electrospray ionization. The LTP probe in combination with miniaturized mass spectrometers has the potential to provide direct composition analysis and source identification of crude oil contaminations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Benassi
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstrasse 60, Building 16, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
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86
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Meyer C, Müller S, Gilbert-Lopez B, Franzke J. Impact of homogeneous and filamentary discharge modes on the efficiency of dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4729-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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87
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Ju H. Grand challenges in analytical chemistry: towards more bright eyes for scientific research, social events and human health. Front Chem 2013; 1:5. [PMID: 24790934 PMCID: PMC3982555 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2013.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, PR China
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88
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Martínez-Jarquín S, Winkler R. Design of a low-temperature plasma (LTP) probe with adjustable output temperature and variable beam diameter for the direct detection of organic molecules. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:629-634. [PMID: 23413222 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The direct detection of organic molecules by mass spectrometry requires ionization methods which are compatible with ambient conditions. A relatively new strategy is the use of a free low-temperature plasma beam for ionization. The objective is to design a safe and adjustable plasma beam to enable optimal ionization and desorption parameters for specific molecules. METHODS A plasma probe based on a dielectric barrier discharge was designed, where the plasma is guided through an internal second tube. This setup permits different beam diameter settings and the control of the plasma temperature. The ionization and desorption of pure organic compounds, as well as their direct detection from roasted coffee beans, were tested. RESULTS The presented plasma probe provides improved safety with respect to arcing, ozone generation and electric shock, compared with conventional designs. The functionality of previously reported devices is expanded. A defined plasma diameter can be set by choosing the appropriate insert, while the input voltage controls the plasma temperature. The variation of measurement parameters enables the optimized direct detection of target compounds from roasted coffee beans, such as caffeine, guaiacol and vanillin. CONCLUSIONS The presented low-temperature plasma probe allows the fine-tuning of ionization and desorption parameters, according to the target molecules. Possible applications include: (1) The ambient ionization and desorption of organic compounds with different volatility and (2) The direct analysis of food products such as roasted coffee beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez-Jarquín
- CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36821 Irapuato Gto., Mexico
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89
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Gilbert-López B, Schilling M, Ahlmann N, Michels A, Hayen H, Molina-Díaz A, García-Reyes JF, Franzke J. Ambient Diode Laser Desorption Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Nonvolatile Chemicals. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3174-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303452w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bienvenida Gilbert-López
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Schilling
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Norman Ahlmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Antje Michels
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Department of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Antonio Molina-Díaz
- Analytical Chemistry Research
Group (FQM-323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Edif.
B-3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan F. García-Reyes
- Analytical Chemistry Research
Group (FQM-323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Edif.
B-3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Joachim Franzke
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS—e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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90
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Luo Z, He J, Chen Y, He J, Gong T, Tang F, Wang X, Zhang R, Huang L, Zhang L, Lv H, Ma S, Fu Z, Chen X, Yu S, Abliz Z. Air flow-assisted ionization imaging mass spectrometry method for easy whole-body molecular imaging under ambient conditions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2977-82. [PMID: 23384246 DOI: 10.1021/ac400009s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body molecular imaging is able to directly map spatial distribution of molecules and monitor its biotransformation in intact biological tissue sections. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), a label-free molecular imaging method, can be used to image multiple molecules in a single measurement with high specificity. Herein, a novel easy-to-implement, whole-body IMS method was developed with air flow-assisted ionization in a desorption electrospray ionization mode. The developed IMS method can effectively image molecules in a large whole-body section in open air without sample pretreatment, such as chemical labeling, section division, or matrix deposition. Moreover, the signal levels were improved, and the spatial assignment errors were eliminated; thus, high-quality whole-body images were obtained. With this novel IMS method, in situ mapping analysis of molecules was performed in adult rat sections with picomolar sensitivity under ambient conditions, and the dynamic information of molecule distribution and its biotransformation was provided to uncover molecular events at the whole-animal level. A global view of the differential distribution of an anticancer agent and its metabolites was simultaneously acquired in whole-body rat and model mouse bearing neuroglioma along the administration time. The obtained drug distribution provided rich information for identifying the targeted organs and predicting possible tumor spectrum, pharmacological activity, and potential toxicity of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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91
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Xu X, Na N, Wen J, Ouyang J. Detection of layer-by-layer self-assembly multilayer films by low-temperature plasma mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:172-178. [PMID: 23378089 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The detection of layer-by-layer self-assembly multilayer films was carried out using low-temperature plasma (LTP) mass spectrometry (MS) under ambient conditions. These multilayer films have been prepared on quartz plates through the alternate assembling of oppositely charged 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) capped Au particles and thioglycolic acid (TGA) capped Ag particles. An LTP probe was used for direct desorption and ionization of chemical components on the films. Without the complicated sample preparation, the structure information of 4-ATP and TGA on films was studied by LTP-MS. Characteristic ions of 4-ATP (M) and TGA (F), including [M](+•), [M-NH(2)](+), [M-HCN-H](+), and [F + H](+), [F-H](+), [F-OH](+), [F-COOH](+) were recorded by LTP-MS on the films. However, [M-CS-H](+) and [F-SH](+) could not be observed on the film, which were detected in the neat sample. In addition, the semi-quantitative analysis of chemical components on monolayer film was carried out, and the amounts of 4-ATP and TGA on monolayer surface were 45 ng/mm(2) and 54 ng/mm(2), respectively. This resulted the ionization efficiencies of 72% for 4-ATP and 54% for TGA. In order to evaluate the reliability of present LTP-MS, the correlations between this approach and some traditional methods, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were studied, which resulted the correlation coefficients of higher than 0.9776. The results indicated that this technique can be used for analyzing the films without any pretreatment, which possesses great potential in the studies of self-assembly multilayer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
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Dalgleish JK, Wleklinski M, Shelley JT, Mulligan CC, Ouyang Z, Graham Cooks R. Arrays of low-temperature plasma probes for ambient ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:135-142. [PMID: 23239326 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE This paper reports the development of arrays of capillary-based low-temperature plasma (LTP) probes for direct sample analysis. These probe arrays allow a higher surface area to be analyzed, increasing the throughput in large sample analysis. Validation of these arrays was performed on illicit, cathinone-based drugs marketed as 'bath salts'. METHODS LTP arrays consisting of 1, 7, and 19 probes were constructed with quartz capillaries and held together with silver epoxy resin adhesive. Three drugs, mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone, were analyzed with each plasma ion source and an ion trap mass spectrometer in full MS and in MS/MS positive ion mode. Chemical and thermal footprints were determined for each source. A reactive probe design was used to inject trifluoroacetic anhydride directly into the plasma stream for on-line derivatization. RESULTS Small LTP probes and bundled arrays provide low picogram level limits of detection for mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Bundling the probes together in larger arrays increases the surface area analyzed by a factor of ten, while maintaining surface temperatures below 40 °C. Selectivity towards mephedrone and methylone was increased using trifluoracetylation under ambient ionization conditions. CONCLUSIONS Low-temperature plasma ionization sources allow rapid detection of illicit 'bath salt' drugs in low amounts. The sources have a larger sampling area that allows faster detection of each analyte, and selectivity towards the selected drug is enhanced by adding reagents directly into the plasma stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon K Dalgleish
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
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Monge ME, Harris GA, Dwivedi P, Fernández FM. Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances in Direct Open Air Surface Sampling/Ionization. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2269-308. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300309q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Monge
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
| | - Glenn A. Harris
- Department
of Biochemistry and
the Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Prabha Dwivedi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
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94
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Yang Z, Pavlov J, Attygalle AB. Quantification and remote detection of nitro explosives by helium plasma ionization mass spectrometry (HePI-MS) on a modified atmospheric pressure source designed for electrospray ionization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:845-852. [PMID: 22791251 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Helium Plasma Ionization (HePI) generates gaseous negative ions upon exposure of vapors emanating from organic nitro compounds. A simple adaptation converts any electrospray ionization source to a HePI source by passing helium through the sample delivery metal capillary held at a negative potential. Compared with the demands of other He-requiring ambient pressure ionization sources, the consumption of helium by the HePI source is minimal (20-30 ml/min). Quantification experiments conducted by exposing solid deposits to a HePI source revealed that 1 ng of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) on a filter paper (about 0.01 ng/mm(2)) could be detected by this method. When vapor emanating from a 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) sample was subjected to helium plasma ionization mass spectrometry (HePI-MS), a peak was observed at m/z 268 for (RDX●NO(2))(-). This facile formation of NO(2)(-) adducts was noted without the need of any extra additives as dopants. Quantitative evaluations showed RDX detection by HePI-MS to be linear over at least three orders of magnitude. TNT samples placed even 5 m away from the source were detected when the sample headspace vapor was swept by a stream of argon or nitrogen and delivered to the helium plasma ion source via a metal tube. Among the tubing materials investigated, stainless steel showed the best performance for sample delivery. A system with a copper tube, and air as the carrier gas, for example, failed to deliver any detectable amount of TNT to the source. In fact, passing over hot copper appears to be a practical way of removing TNT or other nitroaromatics from ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yang
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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96
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Feature Extraction Approach for Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data Using Non-negative Matrix Factorization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(11)60544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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97
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Nemes P, Vertes A. Ambient mass spectrometry for in vivo local analysis and in situ molecular tissue imaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lee YJ, Perdian DC, Song Z, Yeung ES, Nikolau BJ. Use of mass spectrometry for imaging metabolites in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:81-95. [PMID: 22449044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We discuss and illustrate recent advances that have been made to image the distribution of metabolites among cells and tissues of plants using different mass spectrometry technologies. These technologies include matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, desorption electrospray ionization, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. These are relatively new technological applications of mass spectrometry and they are providing highly spatially resolved data concerning the cellular distribution of metabolites. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each of these mass spectrometric methods, and provide a description of the technical barriers that are currently limiting the technology to the level of single-cell resolution. However, we anticipate that advances in the next few years will increase the resolving power of the technology to provide unprecedented data on the distribution of metabolites at the subcellular level, which will increase our ability to decipher new knowledge concerning the spatial organization of metabolic processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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99
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Creran B, Yan B, Moyano DF, Gilbert MM, Vachet RW, Rotello VM. Laser desorption ionization mass spectrometric imaging of mass barcoded gold nanoparticles for security applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4543-5. [PMID: 22466433 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30499f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Patterns created by the inkjet printing of functionalized gold nanoparticles (NPs) can be selectively detected by laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (LDI-IMS). These patterns can only be visualized by mass, providing a robust yet tunable system for potential anti-counterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Creran
- 710 North Pleasant St, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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100
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Gerbig S, Golf O, Balog J, Denes J, Baranyai Z, Zarand A, Raso E, Timar J, Takats Z. Analysis of colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometric imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2315-25. [PMID: 22447214 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Negative ion desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) was used for the analysis of an ex vivo tissue sample set comprising primary colorectal adenocarcinoma samples and colorectal adenocarcinoma liver metastasis samples. Frozen sections (12 μm thick) were analyzed by means of DESI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) with spatial resolution of 100 μm using a computer-controlled DESI imaging stage mounted on a high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer. DESI-IMS data were found to predominantly feature complex lipids, including phosphatidyl-inositols, phophatidyl-ethanolamines, phosphatidyl-serines, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine plasmalogens, phosphatidic acids, phosphatidyl-glycerols, ceramides, sphingolipids, and sulfatides among others. Molecular constituents were identified based on their exact mass and MS/MS fragmentation spectra. An identified set of molecules was found to be in good agreement with previously reported DESI imaging data. Different histological tissue types were found to yield characteristic mass spectrometric data in each individual section. Histological features were identified by comparison to hematoxylin-eosin stained neighboring sections. Ions specific to certain histological tissue types (connective tissue, smooth muscle, healthy mucosa, healthy liver parenchyma, and adenocarcinoma) were identified by semi-automated screening of data. While each section featured a number of tissue-specific species, no potential global biomarker was found in the full sample set for any of the tissue types. As an alternative approach, data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) which resulted in efficient separation of data points based on their histological types. A pixel-by-pixel tissue identification method was developed, featuring the PCA/LDA analysis of authentic data set, and localization of unknowns in the resulting 60D, histologically assigned LDA space. Novel approach was found to yield results which are in 95% agreement with the results of classical histology. KRAS mutation status was determined for each sample by standard molecular biology methods and a similar PCA/LDA approach was developed to assess the feasibility of the determination of this important parameter using solely DESI imaging data. Results showed that the mutant and wild-type samples fully separated. DESI-MS and molecular biology results were in agreement in 90% of the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Gerbig
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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