51
|
Cicaloni V, Trezza A, Pettini F, Spiga O. Applications of in Silico Methods for Design and Development of Drugs Targeting Protein-Protein Interactions. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:534-554. [PMID: 30836920 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190304153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) is a major challenge in modern molecular biology and biochemistry research, due to the unquestionable role of proteins in cells, biological process and pathological states. Over the past decade, the PPIs have evolved from being considered a highly challenging field of research to being investigated and examined as targets for pharmacological intervention. OBJECTIVE Comprehension of protein interactions is crucial to known how proteins come together to build signalling pathways, to carry out their functions, or to cause diseases, when deregulated. Multiplicity and great amount of PPIs structures offer a huge number of new and potential targets for the treatment of different diseases. METHODS Computational techniques are becoming predominant in PPIs studies for their effectiveness, flexibility, accuracy and cost. As a matter of fact, there are effective in silico approaches which are able to identify PPIs and PPI site. Such methods for computational target prediction have been developed through molecular descriptors and data-mining procedures. RESULTS In this review, we present different types of interactions between protein-protein and the application of in silico methods for design and development of drugs targeting PPIs. We described computational approaches for the identification of possible targets on protein surface and to detect of stimulator/ inhibitor molecules. CONCLUSION A deeper study of the most recent bioinformatics methodologies for PPIs studies is vital for a better understanding of protein complexes and for discover new potential PPI modulators in therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cicaloni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Dept. of Excellence 2018-2022), University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.,Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Trezza
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Dept. of Excellence 2018-2022), University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Pettini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Dept. of Excellence 2018-2022), University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (Dept. of Excellence 2018-2022), University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Wu G, Zhao T, Kang D, Zhang J, Song Y, Namasivayam V, Kongsted J, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Poongavanam V, Liu X, Zhan P. Overview of Recent Strategic Advances in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9375-9414. [PMID: 31050421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introducing novel strategies, concepts, and technologies that speed up drug discovery and the drug development cycle is of great importance both in the highly competitive pharmaceutical industry as well as in academia. This Perspective aims to present a "big-picture" overview of recent strategic innovations in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Yuning Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , 250012 Ji'nan , China
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry II , University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy , K.U. Leuven , Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097) , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy , K.U. Leuven , Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097) , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Vasanthanathan Poongavanam
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Ni D, Lu S, Zhang J. Emerging roles of allosteric modulators in the regulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs): A new paradigm for PPI drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2314-2342. [PMID: 30957264 DOI: 10.1002/med.21585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are closely implicated in various types of cellular activities and are thus pivotal to health and disease states. Given their fundamental roles in a wide range of biological processes, the modulation of PPIs has enormous potential in drug discovery. However, owing to the general properties of large, flat, and featureless interfaces of PPIs, previous attempts have demonstrated that the generation of therapeutic agents targeting PPI interfaces is challenging, rendering them almost "undruggable" for decades. To date, rapid progress in chemical and structural biology techniques has promoted the exploitation of allostery as a novel approach in drug discovery. By attaching to allosteric sites that are topologically and spatially distinct from PPI interfaces, allosteric modulators can achieve improved physiochemical properties. Thus, allosteric modulators may represent an alternative strategy to target intractable PPIs and have attracted intense pharmaceutical interest. In this review, we first briefly introduce the characteristics of PPIs and then present different approaches for investigating PPIs, as well as the latest methods for modulating PPIs. Importantly, we comprehensively review the recent progress in the development of allosteric modulators to inhibit or stabilize PPIs. Finally, we conclude with future perspectives on the discovery of allosteric PPI modulators, especially the application of computational methods to aid in allosteric PPI drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Bhajammanavar V, Mallik S, Baidya M. Oxidative cross-dehydrogenative [2 + 3] annulation of α-amino ketones with α-keto esters: concise synthesis of clausenamide analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1740-1743. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot oxidative cross-dehydrogenative [2 + 3] annulation of α-amino ketones with α-keto esters at room temperature is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Bhajammanavar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
| | - Sumitava Mallik
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai – 600036
- India
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Allosteric Modulators of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1163:313-334. [PMID: 31707709 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8719-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) represent promising drug targets of broad-spectrum therapeutic interests due to their critical implications in both health and disease circumstances. Hence, they are widely accepted as the Holy Grail of drug development. Historically, PPIs were rendered "undruggable" for their large, flat, and pocket-less structures. Current attempts to drug these "intractable" targets include orthosteric and allosteric methodologies. Previous efforts employing orthosteric approaches like protein therapeutics and orthosteric small molecules frequently suffered from poor performance caused by the difficulties in directly targeting PPI interfaces. As structural biology progresses rapidly, allosteric modulators, which direct to the allosteric regulatory sites remote to the PPI surfaces, have gradually established as a potential solution. Allosteric pockets are topologically distal from the PPI orthosteric sites, and their ligands do not need to compete with the PPI partners, which helps to improve the physiochemical and pharmacological properties of allosteric PPI modulators. Thus, exploiting allostery to tailor PPIs is regarded as a tempting strategy in future PPI drug discovery. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of our representative achievements along the way we utilize allosteric effects to tame the difficult PPI systems into druggable targets. Importantly, we provide an in-depth mechanistic analysis of this success, which will be instructive to future related lead optimizations and drug design. Finally, we discuss the current challenges in allosteric PPI drug discovery. Their solutions as well as future perspectives are also presented.
Collapse
|
56
|
Yang Y, Zeng B, Sun Z, Esfahani AM, Hou J, Jiao ND, Liu L, Chen L, Basson MD, Dong L, Yang R, Xi N. Optimization of Protein-Protein Interaction Measurements for Drug Discovery Using AFM Force Spectroscopy. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 18:509-517. [PMID: 32051682 PMCID: PMC7015265 DOI: 10.1109/tnano.2019.2915507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly targeted in drug discovery, protein-protein interactions challenge current high throughput screening technologies in the pharmaceutical industry. Developing an effective and efficient method for screening small molecules or compounds is critical to accelerate the discovery of ligands for enzymes, receptors and other pharmaceutical targets. Here, we report developments of methods to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for screening protein-protein interactions using atomic force microscopy (AFM) force spectroscopy. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of these developments on detecting the binding process between focal adhesion kinases (FAK) with protein kinase B (Akt1), which is a target for potential cancer drugs. These developments include optimized probe and substrate functionalization processes and redesigned probe-substrate contact regimes. Furthermore, a statistical-based data processing method was developed to enhance the contrast of the experimental data. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of the AFM force spectroscopy in automating drug screening with high throughput.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Bixi Zeng
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Zhiyong Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Amir Monemian Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Jing Hou
- School of Information and Control Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Nian-Dong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110006, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110006, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Marc D Basson
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Lixin Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Pérez de Vega MJ, Ferrer-Montiel A, González-Muñiz R. Recent progress in non-opioid analgesic peptides. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 660:36-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
58
|
Carro L. Protein-protein interactions in bacteria: a promising and challenging avenue towards the discovery of new antibiotics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2881-2896. [PMID: 30546472 PMCID: PMC6278769 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are potent pharmacological weapons against bacterial infections; however, the growing antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is compromising the efficacy of the currently available pharmacotherapies. Even though antimicrobial resistance is not a new problem, antibiotic development has failed to match the growth of resistant pathogens and hence, it is highly critical to discover new anti-infective drugs with novel mechanisms of action which will help reducing the burden of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in a myriad of vital cellular processes and have become an attractive target to treat diseases. Therefore, targeting PPI networks in bacteria may offer a new and unconventional point of intervention to develop novel anti-infective drugs which can combat the ever-increasing rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review describes the progress achieved towards the discovery of molecules that disrupt PPI systems in bacteria for which inhibitors have been identified and whose targets could represent an alternative lead discovery strategy to obtain new anti-infective molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carro
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Structure-Based Detection of Orthosteric and Allosteric Pockets at Protein-Protein Interfaces. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30334209 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8639-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Protein-protein interfaces represent challenging but very promising targets to discover novel drugs with exquisite specificity profiles. We herewith chart for the first time all biologically relevant protein-protein interfaces of known X-ray structure and detect potentially druggable cavities at and nearby the interface. These cavities are then converted in simple 3D pharmacophore queries for identifying potential modulators (inhibitors, stabilizers) of druggable interfaces.
Collapse
|
60
|
Bulatov E, Valiullina A, Sayarova R, Rizvanov A. Promising new therapeutic targets for regulation of inflammation and immunity: RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases. Immunol Lett 2018; 202:44-51. [PMID: 30099009 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a primary signaling pathway for regulation of protein turnover and removal of misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells. Enzymes of the UPS pathway - E1 activating, E2 conjugating, E3 ligating - act together to covalently tag substrate proteins with a chain of ubiquitins, small regulatory proteins. The poly-ubiquitin chain then serves as a recognition motif for 26S proteasome to recognize and degrade the substrate. In recent years UPS has emerged as attractive enzymatic cascade for development of novel therapeutics against various human diseases. Building on the previous success of targeting this pathway in cancer - the broader scientific community is currently looking for ways to elucidate functions of E3 ligases, substrate-specific members of the UPS. RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, the largest class of E3s, represent prospective targets for small molecule modulation and their importance is reinforced by ever growing evidence of playing role in non-cancer diseases, primarily associated with inflammatory and immune disorders. In this review, we aim to briefly cover the current knowledge of biological functions of RING-type E3 ligases in inflammation and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Bulatov
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
G Neo A, F Marcos C. Selective Synthesis of 3-Substituted Pyrrolidinones by Enol-Passerini and Anomalous Enol-Passerini Condensations. Org Lett 2018; 20:3875-3878. [PMID: 29944382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enols are used for the first time in a condensation with aldehydes and isocyanides to selectively give three- or pseudo-four-component adducts, depending on the reaction conditions. These new transformations have proven to be a convenient alternative for the synthesis of biologically relevant pyrrolidinones containing peptidic or pseudo-peptidic groups on carbon 3. More importantly, this work attests to the utility of heterocyclic enols containing conjugated electron-withdrawing groups as useful reagents in isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Neo
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry , Universidad de Extremadura , 10071 Cáceres , Spain
| | - Carlos F Marcos
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry , Universidad de Extremadura , 10071 Cáceres , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Bulatov E, Zagidullin A, Valiullina A, Sayarova R, Rizvanov A. Small Molecule Modulators of RING-Type E3 Ligases: MDM and Cullin Families as Targets. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:450. [PMID: 29867461 PMCID: PMC5951978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a primary signaling pathway for regulation of intracellular protein levels. E3 ubiquitin ligases, substrate-specific members of the UPS, represent highly attractive protein targets for drug discovery. The importance of E3 ligases as prospective targets for small molecule modulation is reinforced by ever growing evidence of their role in cancer and other diseases. To date the number of potent compounds targeting E3 ligases remains rather low and their rational design constitutes a challenging task. To successfully address this problem one must take into consideration the multi-subunit nature of many E3 ligases that implies multiple druggable pockets and protein-protein interfaces. In this review, we briefly cover the current state of drug discovery in the field of RING-type E3 ligases with focus on MDM and Cullin families as targets. We also provide an overview of small molecule chimeras that induce RING-type E3-mediated proteasomal degradation of substrate proteins of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Bulatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Almaz Zagidullin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Aygul Valiullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Regina Sayarova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Abdildinova A, Yang SJ, Gong YD. Solid-phase parallel synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based peptidomimetic library as a potential modulator of protein-protein interactions. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
64
|
Abstract
A key challenge in chemical biology is to identify small molecule regulators for every single protein. However, protein surfaces are notoriously difficult to recognise with synthetic molecules, often having large flat surfaces that are poorly matched to traditional small molecules. In the surface mimetic approach, a supramolecular scaffold is used to project recognition groups in such a manner as to make multivalent non-covalent contacts over a large area of protein surface. Metal based supramolecular scaffolds offer unique advantages over conventional organic molecules for protein binding, including greater stereochemical and geometrical diversity conferred through the metal centre and the potential for direct assessment of binding properties and even visualisation in cells without recourse to further functionalisation. This feature article will highlight the current state of the art in protein surface recognition using metal complexes as surface mimetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Hewitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Rossetti A, Sacchetti A, Gatti M, Pugliese A, Roda G. Rapid access to reverse-turn peptidomimetics by a three-component Ugi reaction of 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-018-2202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
66
|
Bojadzic D, Buchwald P. Toward Small-Molecule Inhibition of Protein-Protein Interactions: General Aspects and Recent Progress in Targeting Costimulatory and Coinhibitory (Immune Checkpoint) Interactions. Curr Top Med Chem 2018; 18:674-699. [PMID: 29848279 PMCID: PMC6067980 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180531092503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) that are part of the costimulatory and coinhibitory (immune checkpoint) signaling are critical for adequate T cell response and are important therapeutic targets for immunomodulation. Biologics targeting them have already achieved considerable clinical success in the treatment of autoimmune diseases or transplant recipients (e.g., abatacept, belatacept, and belimumab) as well as cancer (e.g., ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab). In view of such progress, there have been only relatively limited efforts toward developing small-molecule PPI inhibitors (SMPPIIs) targeting these cosignaling interactions, possibly because they, as all other PPIs, are difficult to target by small molecules and were not considered druggable. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been achieved during the last decade. SMPPIIs proving the feasibility of such approaches have been identified through various strategies for a number of cosignaling interactions including CD40-CD40L, OX40-OX40L, BAFFR-BAFF, CD80-CD28, and PD-1-PD-L1s. Here, after an overview of the general aspects and challenges of SMPPII-focused drug discovery, we review them briefly together with relevant structural, immune-signaling, physicochemical, and medicinal chemistry aspects. While so far only a few of these SMPPIIs have shown activity in animal models (DRI-C21045 for CD40-D40L, KR33426 for BAFFR-BAFF) or reached clinical development (RhuDex for CD80-CD28, CA-170 for PD-1-PD-L1), there is proof-of-principle evidence for the feasibility of such approaches in immunomodulation. They can result in products that are easier to develop/ manufacture and are less likely to be immunogenic or encounter postmarket safety events than corresponding biologics, and, contrary to them, can even become orally bioavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damir Bojadzic
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
McLoughlin NM, Mueller C, Grossmann TN. The Therapeutic Potential of PTEN Modulation: Targeting Strategies from Gene to Protein. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
68
|
Qing X, De Weerdt A, De Maeyer M, Steenackers H, Voet A. Rational design of small molecules that modulate the transcriptional function of the response regulator PhoP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:375-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
69
|
Coussens NP, Braisted JC, Peryea T, Sittampalam GS, Simeonov A, Hall MD. Small-Molecule Screens: A Gateway to Cancer Therapeutic Agents with Case Studies of Food and Drug Administration-Approved Drugs. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:479-496. [PMID: 28931623 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.013755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) of small-molecule libraries accelerates the discovery of chemical leads to serve as starting points for probe or therapeutic development. With this approach, thousands of unique small molecules, representing a diverse chemical space, can be rapidly evaluated by biologically and physiologically relevant assays. The origins of numerous United States Food and Drug Administration-approved cancer drugs are linked to HTS, which emphasizes the value in this methodology. The National Institutes of Health Molecular Libraries Program made HTS accessible to the public sector, enabling the development of chemical probes and drug-repurposing initiatives. In this work, the impact of HTS in the field of oncology is considered among both private and public sectors. Examples are given for the discovery and development of approved cancer drugs. The importance of target validation is discussed, and common assay approaches for screening are reviewed. A rigorous examination of the PubChem database demonstrates that public screening centers are contributing to early-stage drug discovery in oncology by focusing on new targets and developing chemical probes. Several case studies highlight the value of different screening strategies and the potential for drug repurposing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Coussens
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - John C Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Tyler Peryea
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - G Sitta Sittampalam
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Bier D, Mittal S, Bravo-Rodriguez K, Sowislok A, Guillory X, Briels J, Heid C, Bartel M, Wettig B, Brunsveld L, Sanchez-Garcia E, Schrader T, Ottmann C. The Molecular Tweezer CLR01 Stabilizes a Disordered Protein-Protein Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16256-16263. [PMID: 29039919 PMCID: PMC5691318 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein regions that are involved in protein-protein interactions (PPIs) very often display a high degree of intrinsic disorder, which is reduced during the recognition process. A prime example is binding of the rigid 14-3-3 adapter proteins to their numerous partner proteins, whose recognition motifs undergo an extensive disorder-to-order transition. In this context, it is highly desirable to control this entropy-costly process using tailored stabilizing agents. This study reveals how the molecular tweezer CLR01 tunes the 14-3-3/Cdc25CpS216 protein-protein interaction. Protein crystallography, biophysical affinity determination and biomolecular simulations unanimously deliver a remarkable finding: a supramolecular "Janus" ligand can bind simultaneously to a flexible peptidic PPI recognition motif and to a well-structured adapter protein. This binding fills a gap in the protein-protein interface, "freezes" one of the conformational states of the intrinsically disordered Cdc25C protein partner and enhances the apparent affinity of the interaction. This is the first structural and functional proof of a supramolecular ligand targeting a PPI interface and stabilizing the binding of an intrinsically disordered recognition motif to a rigid partner protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bier
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Sumit Mittal
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Kenny Bravo-Rodriguez
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Andrea Sowislok
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Xavier Guillory
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Jeroen Briels
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Heid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Bartel
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Burkhard Wettig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Molecular recognition of ternary complexes: a new dimension in the structure-guided design of chemical degraders. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:505-516. [PMID: 29118097 PMCID: PMC5869862 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular glues and bivalent inducers of protein degradation (also known as PROTACs) represent a fascinating new modality in pharmacotherapeutics: the potential to knockdown previously thought 'undruggable' targets at sub-stoichiometric concentrations in ways not possible using conventional inhibitors. Mounting evidence suggests these chemical agents, in concert with their target proteins, can be modelled as three-body binding equilibria that can exhibit significant cooperativity as a result of specific ligand-induced molecular recognition. Despite this, many existing drug design and optimization regimens still fixate on binary target engagement, in part due to limited structural data on ternary complexes. Recent crystal structures of protein complexes mediated by degrader molecules, including the first PROTAC ternary complex, underscore the importance of protein-protein interactions and intramolecular contacts to the mode of action of this class of compounds. These discoveries have opened the door to a new paradigm for structure-guided drug design: borrowing surface area and molecular recognition from nature to elicit cellular signalling.
Collapse
|
72
|
Jin X, Lee K, Kim NH, Kim HS, Yook JI, Choi J, No KT. Natural products used as a chemical library for protein-protein interaction targeted drug discovery. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 79:46-58. [PMID: 29136547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs), which are essential for cellular processes, have been recognized as attractive therapeutic targets. Therefore, the construction of a PPI-focused chemical library is an inevitable necessity for future drug discovery. Natural products have been used as traditional medicines to treat human diseases for millennia; in addition, their molecular scaffolds have been used in diverse approved drugs and drug candidates. The recent discovery of the ability of natural products to inhibit PPIs led us to use natural products as a chemical library for PPI-targeted drug discovery. In this study, we collected natural products (NPDB) from non-commercial and in-house databases to analyze their similarities to small-molecule PPI inhibitors (iPPIs) and FDA-approved drugs by using eight molecular descriptors. Then, we evaluated the distribution of NPDB and iPPIs in the chemical space, represented by the molecular fingerprint and molecular scaffolds, to identify the promising scaffolds, which could interfere with PPIs. To investigate the ability of natural products to inhibit PPI targets, molecular docking was used. Then, we predicted a set of high-potency natural products by using the iPPI-likeness score based on a docking score-weighted model. These selected natural products showed high binding affinities to the PPI target, namely XIAP, which were validated in an in vitro experiment. In addition, the natural products with novel scaffolds might provide a promising starting point for further medicinal chemistry developments. Overall, our study shows the potency of natural products in targeting PPIs, which might help in the design of a PPI-focused chemical library for future drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyungro Lee
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Stevers LM, Sijbesma E, Botta M, MacKintosh C, Obsil T, Landrieu I, Cau Y, Wilson AJ, Karawajczyk A, Eickhoff J, Davis J, Hann M, O'Mahony G, Doveston RG, Brunsveld L, Ottmann C. Modulators of 14-3-3 Protein-Protein Interactions. J Med Chem 2017; 61:3755-3778. [PMID: 28968506 PMCID: PMC5949722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Direct
interactions between proteins are essential for the regulation
of their functions in biological pathways. Targeting the complex network
of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) has now been widely
recognized as an attractive means to therapeutically intervene in
disease states. Even though this is a challenging endeavor and PPIs
have long been regarded as “undruggable” targets, the
last two decades have seen an increasing number of successful examples
of PPI modulators, resulting in growing interest in this field. PPI
modulation requires novel approaches and the integrated efforts of
multiple disciplines to be a fruitful strategy. This perspective focuses
on the hub-protein 14-3-3, which has several hundred identified protein
interaction partners, and is therefore involved in a wide range of
cellular processes and diseases. Here, we aim to provide an integrated
overview of the approaches explored for the modulation of 14-3-3 PPIs
and review the examples resulting from these efforts in both inhibiting
and stabilizing specific 14-3-3 protein complexes by small molecules,
peptide mimetics, and natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loes M Stevers
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Eline Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Carol MacKintosh
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences , University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 4HN , United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Prague 116 36 , Czech Republic
| | | | - Ylenia Cau
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Siena , Via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 Siena , Italy
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom.,Astbury Center For Structural Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
| | | | - Jan Eickhoff
- Lead Discovery Center GmbH , Dortmund 44227 , Germany
| | - Jeremy Davis
- UCB Celltech , 216 Bath Road , Slough SL1 3WE , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hann
- GlaxoSmithKline , Gunnels Wood Road , Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY , United Kingdom
| | - Gavin O'Mahony
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1 , SE-431 83 Mölndal , Sweden
| | - Richard G Doveston
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS) , Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB , Eindhoven , The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry , University of Duisburg-Essen , Universitätstraße 7 , 45141 Essen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Zhai K, Zheng J, Tang Y, Li F, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Qi J, Yu B, Kou J. The saponin D39 blocks dissociation of non-muscular myosin heavy chain IIA from TNF receptor 2, suppressing tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2818-2831. [PMID: 28547925 PMCID: PMC5554322 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-muscular myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC IIA) plays a key role in tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis. Natural products might inhibit thrombosis through effects on NMMHC IIA. Here, we have shown that a natural saponin, D39, from Liriope muscari exerted anti-thrombotic activity in vivo, by targeting NMMHC IIA. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expression and activity of tissue factor in endothelial cells were analysed in vitro by Western blot and simplified chromogenic assays. Interactions between D39 and NMMHC IIA were assessed by serial affinity chromatography and molecular docking analysis. D39-dependent interactions between NMMHC IIA and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) were measured by immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Anti-thrombotic activity of D39 in vivo was evaluated with a model of inferior vena cava ligation injury in mice. KEY RESULTS D39 inhibited tissue factor expression and procoagulant activities in HUVECs and decreased thrombus weight in inferior vena cava-ligated mice dose-dependently. Serial affinity chromatography and molecular docking analysis suggested that D39 bound to NMMHC IIA. In HEK293T cells, D39 inhibited tissue factor expression evoked by NMMHC IIA overexpression. This effect was blocked by NMMHC IIA knockdown in HUVECs. D39 inhibited dissociation of NMMHC IIA from TNFR2, which subsequently modulated the Akt/GSK3β-NF-κB signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS D39 inhibited tissue factor expression and thrombus formation by modulating the Akt/GSK3β and NF-κB signalling pathways through NMMHC IIA. We identified a new natural product that targeted NMMHC IIA, as a potential treatment for thrombotic disorders and other vasculopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke‐feng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCMChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biological and Food EngineeringSuzhou UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jin‐rong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCMChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - You‐mei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCMChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCMChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yan‐ni Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCMChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuan‐yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCMChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Medicine‐Ather&LipoBaylor Colledge of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCMChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bo‐yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCMChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun‐ping Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCMChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Mutations at protein-protein interfaces: Small changes over big surfaces have large impacts on human health. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 128:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
76
|
Liu J, Tian Z, Zhou N, Liu X, Liao C, Lei B, Li J, Zhang S, Chen H. Targeting the apoptotic Mcl-1-PUMA interface with a dual-acting compound. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54236-54242. [PMID: 28903337 PMCID: PMC5589576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive efforts in the search for small molecules with anti-cancer activity, it remains challenging to achieve both high effectiveness and safety, since many agents lack the selectivity to only act on cancer cells. The interface of two apoptotic proteins, myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), has been recently affirmed as a target for treating cancers, as the disruption of Mcl-1-PUMA binding can reduce cancer cell survival and protect normal cells from apoptosis. However, therapeutic agents that target this interface are yet to be found. In this work, we combined pharmacophore modelling and biological tests to seek small molecules which target the Mcl-1-PUMA interface. For the first time, a small-molecule compound was identified. Its dual activity has been validated to reduce PUMA-dependent apoptosis while deactivating Mcl-1-mediated anti-apoptosis in cancer cells. Our results would provide a new avenue for the development of effective and safe anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Beilei Lei
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Badiola E, Olaizola I, Vázquez A, Vera S, Mielgo A, Palomo C. β 2, 2 -Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides Relying on Sequential Enantioselective C(4)-Functionalization of Pyrrolidin-2,3-diones and Regioselective Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation. Chemistry 2017; 23:8185-8195. [PMID: 28245062 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective entry to β2, 2 -amino acids enabling their direct coupling with nucleophiles is described. The approach is based upon an effective bifunctional Brønsted base catalyzed construction of a quaternary carbon stereocenter at C4 position of pyrrolidin-2,3-diones. Subsequent regioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the resultant adducts gives β2, 2 -amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides as the reactive species, which can further react with nucleophiles. Following this strategy both, β2, 2 -amino acid derivatives with different functionalities at the newly created stereocenter, and spirocyclic structures can be efficiently prepared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eider Badiola
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel Lardizábal, 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iurre Olaizola
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel Lardizábal, 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel Lardizábal, 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Silvia Vera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel Lardizábal, 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antonia Mielgo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel Lardizábal, 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel Lardizábal, 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Hansen JD, Condroski K, Correa M, Muller G, Man HW, Ruchelman A, Zhang W, Vocanson F, Crea T, Liu W, Lu G, Baculi F, LeBrun L, Mahmoudi A, Carmel G, Hickman M, Lu CC. Protein Degradation via CRL4CRBN Ubiquitin Ligase: Discovery and Structure–Activity Relationships of Novel Glutarimide Analogs That Promote Degradation of Aiolos and/or GSPT1. J Med Chem 2017; 61:492-503. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Hansen
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kevin Condroski
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew Correa
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - George Muller
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hon-Wah Man
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Alexander Ruchelman
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Fan Vocanson
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tim Crea
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Frans Baculi
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Laurie LeBrun
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Afshin Mahmoudi
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gilles Carmel
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matt Hickman
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chin-Chun Lu
- Celgene Corporation, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite
100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Gadd MS, Testa A, Lucas X, Chan KH, Chen W, Lamont DJ, Zengerle M, Ciulli A. Structural basis of PROTAC cooperative recognition for selective protein degradation. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:514-521. [PMID: 28288108 PMCID: PMC5392356 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inducing macromolecular interactions with small molecules to activate cellular signaling
is a challenging goal. PROTACs (proteolysis-targeting chimaeras) are
bifunctional molecules that recruit a target protein in proximity to an E3
ubiquitin ligase to trigger protein degradation. Structural elucidation of the
key ternary ligase:PROTAC:target species and how this impacts target degradation
selectivity remains elusive. We solved the crystal structure of Brd4-degrader
MZ1 in complex with human VHL and the Brd4 bromodomain (Brd4BD2). The
ligand folds into itself to allow formation of specific intermolecular
interactions in the ternary complex. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies,
supported by surface mutagenesis and proximity assays, are consistent with
pronounced cooperative formation of ternary complexes with Brd4BD2.
Structure-based-designed compound AT1 exhibits highly selective depletion of
Brd4 in cells. Our results elucidate how PROTAC-induced de novo
contacts dictate preferential recruitment of a target protein into a stable and
cooperative complex with an E3 ligase for selective degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Gadd
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrea Testa
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Xavier Lucas
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Kwok-Ho Chan
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Wenzhang Chen
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Douglas J Lamont
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Michael Zengerle
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Choi S, Choi KY. Screening-based approaches to identify small molecules that inhibit protein–protein interactions. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:293-303. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1280456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- CK Biotechnology Inc., 416 Advanced Science and Technology Center, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Zhang Q, Jiang F, Zhao B, Lin H, Tian Y, Xie M, Bai G, Gilbert AM, Goetz GH, Liras S, Mathiowetz AA, Price DA, Song K, Tu M, Wu Y, Wang T, Flanagan ME, Wu YD, Li Z. Chiral Sulfoxide-Induced Single Turn Peptide α-Helicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38573. [PMID: 27934919 PMCID: PMC5146914 DOI: 10.1038/srep38573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing α-helicity through side-chain cross-linking is a strategy that has been pursued to improve peptide conformational rigidity and bio-availability. Here we describe the preparation of small peptides tethered to chiral sulfoxide-containing macrocyclic rings. Furthermore, a study of structure-activity relationships (SARs) disclosed properties with respect to ring size, sulfur position, oxidation state, and stereochemistry that show a propensity to induce α-helicity. Supporting data include circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), NMR spectroscopy, and a single crystal X-ray structure for one such stabilized peptide. Finally, theoretical studies are presented to elucidate the effect of chiral sulfoxides in inducing backbone α-helicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhou Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bingchuan Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huacan Lin
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingsheng Xie
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guoyun Bai
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Adam M Gilbert
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Gilles H Goetz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Spiros Liras
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Alan A Mathiowetz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - David A Price
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kun Song
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Meihua Tu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yujie Wu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mark E Flanagan
- Center for Chemistry Innovation and Excellence, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zigang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is highly regulated at the level of protein degradation and transcriptional activity. The key players of the pathway, p53, MDM2, and MDMX are present at multiple conformational states that are responsive to regulation by post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions. The structures of major functional domains of these proteins have been determined, but the mechanisms of several intrinsically disordered regions remain unclear despite their critical roles in signaling and regulation. Recent studies suggest that these disordered regions function in part by dynamic intra molecular interactions with the structured domains to regulate p53 DNA binding, MDM2 ubiquitin E3 ligase activity, and MDMX-p53 binding. These findings provide new insight on how p53 is controlled by various stress signals, and suggest potential targets for the search of allosteric regulators of the p53 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Chen
- Molecular Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Modell AE, Blosser SL, Arora PS. Systematic Targeting of Protein-Protein Interactions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:702-713. [PMID: 27267699 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have gone from being neglected as 'undruggable' to being considered attractive targets for the development of therapeutics. Recent advances in computational analysis, fragment-based screening, and molecular design have revealed promising strategies to address the basic molecular recognition challenge: how to target large protein surfaces with specificity. Several systematic and complementary workflows have been developed to yield successful inhibitors of PPIs. Here we review the major contemporary approaches utilized for the discovery of inhibitors and focus on a structure-based workflow, from the selection of a biological target to design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Modell
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Sarah L Blosser
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Paramjit S Arora
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Petta I, Lievens S, Libert C, Tavernier J, De Bosscher K. Modulation of Protein-Protein Interactions for the Development of Novel Therapeutics. Mol Ther 2016; 24:707-18. [PMID: 26675501 PMCID: PMC4886928 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) underlie most biological processes. An increasing interest to investigate the unexplored potential of PPIs in drug discovery is driven by the need to find novel therapeutic targets for a whole range of diseases with a high unmet medical need. To date, PPI inhibition with small molecules is the mechanism that has most often been explored, resulting in significant progress towards drug development. However, also PPI stabilization is gradually gaining ground. In this review, we provide a focused overview of a number of PPIs that control critical regulatory pathways and constitute targets for the design of novel therapeutics. We discuss PPI-modulating small molecules that are already pursued in clinical trials. In addition, we review a number of PPIs that are still under preclinical investigation but for which preliminary data support their use as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Petta
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sam Lievens
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Taspase1: a 'misunderstood' protease with translational cancer relevance. Oncogene 2015; 35:3351-64. [PMID: 26657154 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis is not only a critical requirement for life, but the executing enzymes also play important roles in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer. Therefore, targeting proteases is clearly relevant for improving cancer patient care. However, to effectively control proteases, a profound knowledge of their mechanistic function as well as their regulation and downstream signalling in health and disease is required. The highly conserved protease Threonine Aspartase1 (Taspase1) is overexpressed in numerous liquid and solid malignancies and was characterized as a 'non-oncogene addiction' protease. Although Taspase1 was shown to cleave various regulatory proteins in humans as well as leukaemia provoking mixed lineage leukaemia fusions, our knowledge on its detailed functions and the underlying mechanisms contributing to cancer is still incomplete. Despite superficial similarity to type 2 asparaginases as well as Ntn proteases, such as the proteasome, Taspase1-related research so far gives us the picture of a unique protease exhibiting special features. Moreover, neither effective genetic nor chemical inhibitors for this enzyme are available so far, thus hampering not only to further dissect Taspase1's pathobiological functions but also precluding the assessment of its clinical impact. Based on recent insights, we here critically review the current knowledge of Taspase1's structure-function relationship and its mechanistic relevance for tumorigenesis obtained from in vitro and in vivo cancer models. We provide a comprehensive overview of tumour entities for which Taspase1 might be of predictive and therapeutic value, and present the respective experimental evidence. To stimulate progress in the field, a comprehensive overview of Taspase1 targeting approaches is presented, including coverage of Taspase1-related patents. We conclude by discussing future inhibition strategies and relevant challenges, which need to be resolved by the field.
Collapse
|
86
|
Nevola L, Giralt E. Modulating protein-protein interactions: the potential of peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3302-15. [PMID: 25578807 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have emerged as important and challenging targets in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. The main difficulty encountered in the discovery of small molecule modulators derives from the large contact surfaces involved in PPIs when compared with those that participate in protein-small molecule interactions. Because of their intrinsic features, peptides can explore larger surfaces and therefore represent a useful alternative to modulate PPIs. The use of peptides as therapeutics has been held back by their instability in vivo and poor cell internalization. However, more than 200 peptide drugs and homologous compounds (proteins or antibodies) containing peptide bonds are (or have been) on the market, and many alternatives are now available to tackle these limitations. This review will focus on the latest progress in the field, spanning from "lead" identification methods to binding evaluation techniques, through an update of the most successful examples described in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nevola
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), C/Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Bier D, Bartel M, Sies K, Halbach S, Higuchi Y, Haranosono Y, Brummer T, Kato N, Ottmann C. Small-Molecule Stabilization of the 14-3-3/Gab2 Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Interface. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:911-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bier
- Department of Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Maria Bartel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Institute for Complex Molecular, Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Sies
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Cell Research (IMMZ); Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Str. 17 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Halbach
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Cell Research (IMMZ); Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Str. 17 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; Schänzlestr. 1 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology & Medicine; University of Freiburg; Albertstr. 19A 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- The Institute of Scientific & Industrial Research; Osaka University; Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Yu Haranosono
- The Institute of Scientific & Industrial Research; Osaka University; Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Cell Research (IMMZ); Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Str. 17 79104 Freiburg Germany
- BIOSS: Centre for Biological Signaling Studies; University of Freiburg; Schänzlestr. 18 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Nobuo Kato
- The Institute of Scientific & Industrial Research; Osaka University; Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Institute for Complex Molecular, Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Milroy L, Bartel M, Henen MA, Leysen S, Adriaans JMC, Brunsveld L, Landrieu I, Ottmann C. Stabilizer‐Guided Inhibition of Protein–Protein Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lech‐Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | - Maria Bartel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | - Morkos A. Henen
- UMR 8576 CNRS‐Lille University, 59000 Villeneuve O'Ascq (France)
| | - Seppe Leysen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | - Joris M. C. Adriaans
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | | | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg‐Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen (Germany)
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Milroy LG, Bartel M, Henen MA, Leysen S, Adriaans JMC, Brunsveld L, Landrieu I, Ottmann C. Stabilizer-Guided Inhibition of Protein-Protein Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15720-4. [PMID: 26537010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of novel protein-protein interaction (PPI) modulators represents one of the great molecular challenges of the modern era. PPIs can be modulated by either inhibitor or stabilizer compounds, which target different though proximal regions of the protein interface. In principle, protein-stabilizer complexes can guide the design of PPI inhibitors (and vice versa). In the present work, we combine X-ray crystallographic data from both stabilizer and inhibitor co-crystal complexes of the adapter protein 14-3-3 to characterize, down to the atomic scale, inhibitors of the 14-3-3/Tau PPI, a potential drug target to treat Alzheimer's disease. The most potent compound notably inhibited the binding of phosphorylated full-length Tau to 14-3-3 according to NMR spectroscopy studies. Our work sets a precedent for the rational design of PPI inhibitors guided by PPI stabilizer-protein complexes while potentially enabling access to new synthetically tractable stabilizers of 14-3-3 and other PPIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands).
| | - Maria Bartel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | - Morkos A Henen
- UMR 8576 CNRS-Lille University, 59000 Villeneuve O'Ascq (France)
| | - Seppe Leysen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | - Joris M C Adriaans
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands)
| | | | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven (The Netherlands). .,Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen (Germany).
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Abstract
Modulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is becoming increasingly important in drug discovery and chemical biology. While a few years ago this 'target class' was deemed to be largely undruggable an impressing number of publications and success stories now show that targeting PPIs with small, drug-like molecules indeed is a feasible approach. Here, we summarize the current state of small-molecule inhibition and stabilization of PPIs and review the active molecules from a structural and medicinal chemistry angle, especially focusing on the key examples of iNOS, LFA-1 and 14-3-3.
Collapse
|
91
|
Cromm PM, Spiegel J, Grossmann TN, Waldmann H. Direkte Modulation von Aktivität und Funktion kleiner GTPasen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
92
|
Cromm PM, Spiegel J, Grossmann TN, Waldmann H. Direct Modulation of Small GTPase Activity and Function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13516-37. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
93
|
Zarzycka B, Kuenemann MA, Miteva MA, Nicolaes GAF, Vriend G, Sperandio O. Stabilization of protein-protein interaction complexes through small molecules. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:48-57. [PMID: 26434617 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most of the small molecules that have been identified thus far to modulate protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are inhibitors. Another promising way to interfere with PPI-associated biological processes is to promote PPI stabilization. Even though PPI stabilizers are still scarce, stabilization of PPIs by small molecules is gaining momentum and offers new pharmacological options. Therefore, we have performed a literature survey of PPI stabilization using small molecules. From this, we propose a classification of PPI stabilizers based on their binding mode and the architecture of the complex to facilitate the structure-based design of stabilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zarzycka
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mélaine A Kuenemann
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France
| | - Maria A Miteva
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Vriend
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Sperandio
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, CDithem, 1 rue du Prof. Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Nemetski SM, Cardozo TJ, Bosch G, Weltzer R, O'Malley K, Ejigiri I, Kumar KA, Buscaglia CA, Nussenzweig V, Sinnis P, Levitskaya J, Bosch J. Inhibition by stabilization: targeting the Plasmodium falciparum aldolase-TRAP complex. Malar J 2015; 14:324. [PMID: 26289816 PMCID: PMC4545932 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging resistance of the malaria parasite Plasmodium to current therapies underscores the critical importance of exploring novel strategies for disease eradication. Plasmodium species are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites. They rely on an unusual form of substrate-dependent motility for their migration on and across host-cell membranes and for host cell invasion. This peculiar motility mechanism is driven by the 'glideosome', an actin-myosin associated, macromolecular complex anchored to the inner membrane complex of the parasite. Myosin A, actin, aldolase, and thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) constitute the molecular core of the glideosome in the sporozoite, the mosquito stage that brings the infection into mammals. METHODS Virtual library screening of a large compound library against the PfAldolase-TRAP complex was used to identify candidate compounds that stabilize and prevent the disassembly of the glideosome. The mechanism of these compounds was confirmed by biochemical, biophysical and parasitological methods. RESULTS A novel inhibitory effect on the parasite was achieved by stabilizing a protein-protein interaction within the glideosome components. Compound 24 disrupts the gliding and invasive capabilities of Plasmodium parasites in in vitro parasite assays. A high-resolution, ternary X-ray crystal structure of PfAldolase-TRAP in complex with compound 24 confirms the mode of interaction and serves as a platform for future ligand optimization. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study presents a novel approach to anti-malarial drug discovery and design. By strengthening a protein-protein interaction within the parasite, an avenue towards inhibiting a previously "undruggable" target is revealed and the motility motor responsible for successful invasion of host cells is rendered inactive. This study provides new insights into the malaria parasite cell invasion machinery and convincingly demonstrates that liver cell invasion is dramatically reduced by 95 % in the presence of the small molecule stabilizer compound 24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sondra Maureen Nemetski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Phyllis and David Komansky Center for Children's Health, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
| | - Timothy J Cardozo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. .,Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Gundula Bosch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. .,Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute (JHMRI), Baltimore, USA.
| | - Ryan Weltzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. .,Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute (JHMRI), Baltimore, USA.
| | - Kevin O'Malley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. .,Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute (JHMRI), Baltimore, USA.
| | - Ijeoma Ejigiri
- Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Kota Arun Kumar
- Michael Heidelberg Division of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. .,Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Carlos A Buscaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-CONICET, 1650, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Victor Nussenzweig
- Michael Heidelberg Division of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Photini Sinnis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. .,Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA. .,Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute (JHMRI), Baltimore, USA.
| | - Jelena Levitskaya
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. .,Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute (JHMRI), Baltimore, USA.
| | - Jürgen Bosch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. .,Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute (JHMRI), Baltimore, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Rakers C, Bermudez M, Keller BG, Mortier J, Wolber G. Computational close up on protein-protein interactions: how to unravel the invisible using molecular dynamics simulations? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Rakers
- Institute of Pharmacy; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Marcel Bermudez
- Institute of Pharmacy; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Bettina G. Keller
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Jérémie Mortier
- Institute of Pharmacy; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Institute of Pharmacy; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Targeting Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases for drug discovery: structure, assembly and small-molecule modulation. Biochem J 2015; 467:365-86. [PMID: 25886174 PMCID: PMC4403949 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the ubiquitin–proteasome system has emerged as a valid target for the development of novel therapeutics. E3 ubiquitin ligases are particularly attractive targets because they confer substrate specificity on the ubiquitin system. CRLs [Cullin–RING (really interesting new gene) E3 ubiquitin ligases] draw particular attention, being the largest family of E3s. The CRLs assemble into functional multisubunit complexes using a repertoire of substrate receptors, adaptors, Cullin scaffolds and RING-box proteins. Drug discovery targeting CRLs is growing in importance due to mounting evidence pointing to significant roles of these enzymes in diverse biological processes and human diseases, including cancer, where CRLs and their substrates often function as tumour suppressors or oncogenes. In the present review, we provide an account of the assembly and structure of CRL complexes, and outline the current state of the field in terms of available knowledge of small-molecule inhibitors and modulators of CRL activity. A comprehensive overview of the reported crystal structures of CRL subunits, components and full-size complexes, alone or with bound small molecules and substrate peptides, is included. This information is providing increasing opportunities to aid the rational structure-based design of chemical probes and potential small-molecule therapeutics targeting CRLs.
Collapse
|
97
|
Cheng K, Gao M, Godfroy JI, Brown PN, Kastelowitz N, Yin H. Specific activation of the TLR1-TLR2 heterodimer by small-molecule agonists. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1400139. [PMID: 26101787 PMCID: PMC4474499 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists activate both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. These TLR agonists have been exploited as potent vaccine adjuvants and antitumor agents. We describe the identification and characterization of a small molecule, N-methyl-4-nitro-2-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)aniline (CU-T12-9), that directly targets TLR1/2 to initiate downstream signaling. CU-T12-9 specifically induces TLR1/2 activation, which can be blocked by either the anti-hTLR1 or the anti-hTLR2 antibody, but not the anti-hTLR6 antibody. Using a variety of different biophysical assays, we have demonstrated the binding mode of CU-T12-9. By binding to both TLR1 and TLR2, CU-T12-9 facilitates the TLR1/2 heterodimeric complex formation, which in turn activates the downstream signaling. Fluorescence anisotropy assays revealed competitive binding to the TLR1/2 complex between CU-T12-9 and Pam3CSK4 with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 54.4 nM. Finally, we showed that CU-T12-9 signals through nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and invokes an elevation of the downstream effectors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Thus, our studies not only provide compelling new insights into the regulation of TLR1/2 signaling transduction but also may facilitate future therapeutic developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Cheng
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
| | - James I. Godfroy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Peter N. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Noah Kastelowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100082, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Surfing the Protein-Protein Interaction Surface Using Docking Methods: Application to the Design of PPI Inhibitors. Molecules 2015; 20:11569-603. [PMID: 26111183 PMCID: PMC6272567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking protein-protein interactions (PPI) using small molecules or peptides modulates biochemical pathways and has therapeutic significance. PPI inhibition for designing drug-like molecules is a new area that has been explored extensively during the last decade. Considering the number of available PPI inhibitor databases and the limited number of 3D structures available for proteins, docking and scoring methods play a major role in designing PPI inhibitors as well as stabilizers. Docking methods are used in the design of PPI inhibitors at several stages of finding a lead compound, including modeling the protein complex, screening for hot spots on the protein-protein interaction interface and screening small molecules or peptides that bind to the PPI interface. There are three major challenges to the use of docking on the relatively flat surfaces of PPI. In this review we will provide some examples of the use of docking in PPI inhibitor design as well as its limitations. The combination of experimental and docking methods with improved scoring function has thus far resulted in few success stories of PPI inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. Docking algorithms used for PPI are in the early stages, however, and as more data are available docking will become a highly promising area in the design of PPI inhibitors or stabilizers.
Collapse
|
99
|
Bier D, Thiel P, Briels J, Ottmann C. Stabilization of Protein-Protein Interactions in chemical biology and drug discovery. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 119:10-9. [PMID: 26093250 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
More than 300,000 Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) can be found in human cells. This number is significantly larger than the number of single proteins, which are the classical targets for pharmacological intervention. Hence, specific and potent modulation of PPIs by small, drug-like molecules would tremendously enlarge the "druggable genome" enabling novel ways of drug discovery for essentially every human disease. This strategy is especially promising in diseases with difficult targets like intrinsically disordered proteins or transcription factors, for example neurodegeneration or metabolic diseases. Whereas the potential of PPI modulation has been recognized in terms of the development of inhibitors that disrupt or prevent a binary protein complex, the opposite (or complementary) strategy to stabilize PPIs has not yet been realized in a systematic manner. This fact is rather surprising given the number of impressive natural product examples that confer their activity by stabilizing specific PPIs. In addition, in recent years more and more examples of synthetic molecules are being published that work as PPI stabilizers, despite the fact that in the majority they initially have not been designed as such. Here, we describe examples from both the natural products as well as the synthetic molecules advocating for a stronger consideration of the PPI stabilization approach in chemical biology and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bier
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Thiel
- Applied Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, and Dept. of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jeroen Briels
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Schreiber SL, Kotz JD, Li M, Aubé J, Austin CP, Reed JC, Rosen H, White EL, Sklar LA, Lindsley CW, Alexander BR, Bittker JA, Clemons PA, de Souza A, Foley MA, Palmer M, Shamji AF, Wawer MJ, McManus O, Wu M, Zou B, Yu H, Golden JE, Schoenen FJ, Simeonov A, Jadhav A, Jackson MR, Pinkerton AB, Chung TDY, Griffin PR, Cravatt BF, Hodder PS, Roush WR, Roberts E, Chung DH, Jonsson CB, Noah JW, Severson WE, Ananthan S, Edwards B, Oprea TI, Conn PJ, Hopkins CR, Wood MR, Stauffer SR, Emmitte KA. Advancing Biological Understanding and Therapeutics Discovery with Small-Molecule Probes. Cell 2015; 161:1252-65. [PMID: 26046436 PMCID: PMC4564295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule probes can illuminate biological processes and aid in the assessment of emerging therapeutic targets by perturbing biological systems in a manner distinct from other experimental approaches. Despite the tremendous promise of chemical tools for investigating biology and disease, small-molecule probes were unavailable for most targets and pathways as recently as a decade ago. In 2005, the NIH launched the decade-long Molecular Libraries Program with the intent of innovating in and broadening access to small-molecule science. This Perspective describes how novel small-molecule probes identified through the program are enabling the exploration of biological pathways and therapeutic hypotheses not otherwise testable. These experiences illustrate how small-molecule probes can help bridge the chasm between biological research and the development of medicines but also highlight the need to innovate the science of therapeutic discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart L Schreiber
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Joanne D Kotz
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Min Li
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Ion Channel Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Christopher P Austin
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John C Reed
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Lake Nona, FL 32827, USA
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - E Lucile White
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin R Alexander
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joshua A Bittker
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrea de Souza
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael A Foley
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michelle Palmer
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alykhan F Shamji
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mathias J Wawer
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Owen McManus
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Ion Channel Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Meng Wu
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Ion Channel Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Beiyan Zou
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Ion Channel Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Haibo Yu
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Ion Channel Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer E Golden
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Frank J Schoenen
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Jackson
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Lake Nona, FL 32827, USA
| | - Anthony B Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Lake Nona, FL 32827, USA
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Lake Nona, FL 32827, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peter S Hodder
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Edward Roberts
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dong-Hoon Chung
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Colleen B Jonsson
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - James W Noah
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - William E Severson
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Subramaniam Ananthan
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Bruce Edwards
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Tudor I Oprea
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Wood
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|