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Abstract
Porphyrins and other tetrapyrrole macrocycles possess an impressive variety of functional properties that have been exploited in natural and artificial systems. Different metal centres incorporated within the tetradentate ligand are key for achieving and regulating vital processes, including reversible axial ligation of adducts, electron transfer, light-harvesting and catalytic transformations. Tailored substituents optimize their performance, dictating their arrangement in specific environments and mediating the assembly of molecular nanoarchitectures. Here we review the current understanding of these species at well-defined interfaces, disclosing exquisite insights into their structural and chemical properties, and also discussing methods by which to manipulate their intramolecular and organizational features. The distinct characteristics arising from the interfacial confinement offer intriguing prospects for molecular science and advanced materials. We assess the role of surface interactions with respect to electronic and physicochemical characteristics, and describe in situ metallation pathways, molecular magnetism, rotation and switching. The engineering of nanostructures, organized layers, interfacial hybrid and bio-inspired systems is also addressed.
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52
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Hentschel C, Jiang L, Ebeling D, Zhang JC, Chen XD, Chi LF. Conductance measurements of individual polypyrrole nanobelts. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2301-2305. [PMID: 25594494 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present here a study on the electrical conduction properties of individual polypyrrole nanobelts by using conductive atomic force microscopy and discuss a general effect while probing soft materials. A length-dependent analysis demonstrates that the tip could induce local defects into the polymer structure and, thus diminishes the electrical conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hentschel
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
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53
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Guo Y, Xu L, Liu H, Li Y, Che CM, Li Y. Self-assembly of functional molecules into 1D crystalline nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:985-1013. [PMID: 25523368 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled functional nanoarchitectures are employed as important nanoscale building blocks for advanced materials and smart miniature devices to fulfill the increasing needs of high materials usage efficiency, low energy consumption, and high-performance devices. One-dimensional (1D) crystalline nanostructures, especially molecule-composed crystalline nanostructures, attract significant attention due to their fascinating infusion structure and functionality which enables the easy tailoring of organic molecules with excellent carrier mobility and crystal stability. In this review, we discuss the recent progress of 1D crystalline self-assembled nanostructures of functional molecules, which include both a small molecule-derived and a polymer-based crystalline nanostructure. The basic principles of the molecular structure design and the process engineering of 1D crystalline nanostructures are also discussed. The molecular building blocks, self-assembly structures, and their applications in optical, electrical, and photoelectrical devices are overviewed and we give a brief outlook on crucial issues that need to be addressed in future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
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54
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Moerman D, Sebaihi N, Kaviyil SE, Leclère P, Lazzaroni R, Douhéret O. Towards a unified description of the charge transport mechanisms in conductive atomic force microscopy studies of semiconducting polymers. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10596-10603. [PMID: 25079791 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) is used to study the local electrical properties in thin films of self-organized fibrillate poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), as a reference polymer semiconductor. Depending on the geometrical confinement in the transport channel, the C-AFM current is shown to be governed either by the charge transport in the film or by the carrier injection at the tip-sample contact, leading to either bulk or local electrical characterization of the semiconducting polymer, respectively. Local I-V profiles allow discrimination of the different dominating electrical mechanisms, i.e., resistive in the transport regime and space charge limited current (SCLC) in the local regime. A modified Mott-Gurney law is analytically derived for the contact regime, taking into account the point-probe geometry of the contact and the radial injection of carriers. Within the SCLC regime, the probed depth is shown to remain below 12 nm with a lateral electrical resolution below 5 nm. This confirms that high resolution is reached in those C-AFM measurements, which therefore allows for the analysis of single organic semiconducting nanostructures. The carrier density and mobility in the volume probed under the tip under steady-state conditions are also determined in the SCLC regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moerman
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers - CIRMAP, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
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55
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Ocakoglu K, Joya KS, Harputlu E, Tarnowska A, Gryko DT. A nanoscale bio-inspired light-harvesting system developed from self-assembled alkyl-functionalized metallochlorin nano-aggregates. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9625-9631. [PMID: 24909123 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01661k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled supramolecular organization of nano-structured biomimetic light-harvesting modules inside solid-state nano-templates can be exploited to develop excellent light-harvesting materials for artificial photosynthetic devices. We present here a hybrid light-harvesting system mimicking the chlorosomal structures of the natural photosynthetic system using synthetic zinc chlorin units (ZnChl-C6, ZnChl-C12 and ZnChl-C18) that are self-aggregated inside the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nano-channel membranes. AAO nano-templates were modified with a TiO2 matrix and functionalized with long hydrophobic chains to facilitate the formation of supramolecular Zn-chlorin aggregates. The transparent Zn-chlorin nano-aggregates inside the alkyl-TiO2 modified AAO nano-channels have a diameter of ∼120 nm in a 60 μm length channel. UV-Vis studies and fluorescence emission spectra further confirm the formation of the supramolecular ZnChl aggregates from monomer molecules inside the alkyl-functionalized nano-channels. Our results prove that the novel and unique method can be used to produce efficient and stable light-harvesting assemblies for effective solar energy capture through transparent and stable nano-channel ceramic materials modified with bio-mimetic molecular self-assembled nano-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Ocakoglu
- Advanced Technology Research & Application Center, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Campus, TR-33343 Mersin, Turkey.
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56
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57
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v Berlepsch H, Ludwig K, Schade B, Haag R, Böttcher C. Progress in the direct structural characterization of fibrous amphiphilic supramolecular assemblies in solution by transmission electron microscopic techniques. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 208:279-92. [PMID: 24508499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules into fibrous structures has been the subject of numerous studies over past decades due to various current and promising technical applications. Although very different in their head group chemistry many natural as well as synthetic amphiphilic compounds derived from carbohydrates, carbocyanine dyes, or amino acids tend to form fibrous structures by molecular self-assembly in water predominantly twisted ribbons or tubes. Often a transition between these assembly structures is observed, which is a phenomenon already theoretically approached by Wolfgang Helfrich and still focus point in current research. With the development of suitable sample preparation and electron optical imaging techniques, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) in combination with three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques has become a particular popular direct characterization technique for supramolecular assemblies in general. Here we review the recent progress in deriving precise structural information from cryo-TEM data of particularly fibrous structures preferably in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans v Berlepsch
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Core Facility BioSupraMol an der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Schade
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Core Facility BioSupraMol an der Freien Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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58
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Nishimori R, Tamiaki H, Kashimura S, Saga Y. In vitro self-assembly of bacteriochlorophyll c derivatives monoesterified with α,ω-diols isolated from the green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. Supramol Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2014.904515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risato Nishimori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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59
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Furumaki S, Vacha F, Hirata S, Vacha M. Bacteriochlorophyll aggregates self-assembled on functionalized gold nanorod cores as mimics of photosynthetic chlorosomal antennae: a single molecule study. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2176-2182. [PMID: 24559170 DOI: 10.1021/nn500224v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We prepare artificial aggregates that mimic the structure and function of natural chlorosomal light harvesting complexes of green photosynthetic bacteria. Gold nanorods functionalized with hydroxyl groups and immobilized on a substrate serve as cores for the growth of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) aggregates from a buffer solution. The BChl pigments form large self-assembled aggregate particles with sizes more than twice that of natural chlorosomes. The size is controllable by the aggregation time. The aggregates are characterized on a single-particle level by atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, and single-molecule spectroscopy. The absorption and fluorescence spectral properties which reflect the molecular level arrangement of the BChl aggregates closely resemble those of the natural chlorosomes of the photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. On the other hand, the results of linear dichroism and circular dichroism are different from those of the chlorosomes and indicate a different mesoscopic structure for the artificial aggregates. These results emphasize the structural role played by the baseplate pigment-protein complex in natural chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Furumaki
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1-S8, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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60
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Avestro AJ, Gardner DM, Vermeulen NA, Wilson EA, Schneebeli ST, Whalley AC, Belowich ME, Carmieli R, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Gated electron sharing within dynamic naphthalene diimide-based oligorotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4442-9. [PMID: 24623608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The controlled self-assembly of well-defined and spatially ordered π-systems has attracted considerable interest because of their potential applications in organic electronics. An important contemporary pursuit relates to the investigation of charge transport across noncovalently coupled components in a stepwise fashion. Dynamic oligorotaxanes, prepared by template-directed methods, provide a scaffold for directing the construction of monodisperse one-dimensional assemblies in which the functional units communicate electronically through-space by way of π-orbital interactions. Reported herein is a series of oligorotaxanes containing one, two, three and four naphthalene diimide (NDI) redox-active units, which have been shown by cyclic voltammetry, and by EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies, to share electrons across the NDI stacks. Thermally driven motions between the neighboring NDI units in the oligorotaxanes influence the passage of electrons through the NDI stacks in a manner reminiscent of the conformationally gated charge transfer observed in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa-Jennifer Avestro
- Center for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems (CCIS) and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA) http://chemgroups.northwestern.edu/wasielewski http://stoddart.northwestern.edu
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61
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Avestro AJ, Gardner DM, Vermeulen NA, Wilson EA, Schneebeli ST, Whalley AC, Belowich ME, Carmieli R, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Gated Electron Sharing Within Dynamic Naphthalene Diimide-Based Oligorotaxanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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62
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Liang W, He S, Fang J. Self-assembly of J-aggregate nanotubes and their applications for sensing dopamine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:805-811. [PMID: 24397785 DOI: 10.1021/la404022q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
J-aggregates are an attractive supramolecular structure with interesting excitation properties found in the light-harvesting antenna of green sulfur bacteria. To structurally mimic the light-harvesting antenna, we synthesize J-aggregate nanotubes with a sharp and intense absorption band (J-band) by the coassembly of lithocholic acid (LCA) and 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (DiSC3(5)) in aqueous solution. We show that the J-aggregate nanotubes can be used as a supramolecular probe for the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution with the detection limit of ∼0.4 nM by simply observing the intensity change of the J-band due to the efficient photoinduced electron transfer from the J-aggregate nanotubes to the adsorbed DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilang Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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63
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Yan Q, Luo Z, Cai K, Ma Y, Zhao D. Chemical designs of functional photoactive molecular assemblies. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4199-221. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60375j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular assemblies with defined structures capable of photo-induced electron transfer or photochemical reactions are reviewed, emphasizing their supramolecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Zhouyang Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Kang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
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64
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Saga Y, Saiki T, Takahashi N, Shibata Y, Tamiaki H. Scrambled Self-Assembly of Bacteriochlorophyllscandein Aqueous Triton X-100 Micelles. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:552-9. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kinki University; Higashi-Osaka Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saiki
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kinki University; Higashi-Osaka Japan
| | - Naoya Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Engineering; Kinki University; Higashi-Osaka Japan
| | - Yutaka Shibata
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Japan
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65
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Sengupta S, Würthner F. Chlorophyll J-aggregates: from bioinspired dye stacks to nanotubes, liquid crystals, and biosupramolecular electronics. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:2498-512. [PMID: 23865851 DOI: 10.1021/ar400017u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the natural light-harvesting (LH) systems, those of green sulfur and nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria are exceptional because they lack the support of a protein matrix. Instead, these so-called chlorosomes are based solely on "pigments". These are self-assembled bacteriochlorophyll c, d, and e derivatives, which consist of a chlorophyll skeleton bearing a 3(1)-hydroxy functional group. Chemists consider the latter as an essential structural unit to direct the formation of light-harvesting self-assembled dye aggregates with J-type excitonic coupling. The intriguing properties of chlorosomal J-type aggregates, particularly narrow red-shifted absorption bands, compared with monomers and their ability to delocalize and migrate excitons, have inspired intense research activities toward synthetic analogues in this field. The ultimate goal of this research field is the development of (opto-)electronic devices based on the architectural principle of chlorosomal LH systems. In this regard, the challenge is to develop small, functional building blocks with appropriate substituents that are preprogrammed to self-assemble across different length scales and to emulate functions of natural LH systems or to realize entirely new functions beyond those found in nature. In this Account, we highlight our achievements in the past decade with semisynthetic zinc chlorins (ZnChls) as model compounds of bacteriochlorophylls obtained from the naturally most abundant chlorin precursor: chlorophyll a. To begin, we explore how supramolecular strategies involving π-stacking, hydrogen bonding, and metal-oxygen coordination can be used to design ZnChl-based molecular stack, tube, and liquid crystalline assemblies conducive to charge and energy transport. Our design principle is based on the bioinspired functionalization of the 3(1)-position of ZnChl with a hydroxy or methoxy group; the former gives rise to tubular assemblies, whereas the latter induces stack assemblies. Functionalization of the 17(2)-position with esterified hydrophilic or hydrophobic chains, dendron-wedge substituents, and chromophores having complementary optical properties such as naphthalene bisimides (NBIs) is used to modulate the self-assembly of ZnChl dyes. The resulting assemblies exhibit enhanced charge transport and energy transfer abilities. We have used UV/vis, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) for the characterization of these assemblies in solution. In addition, we have studied assembly morphologies by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cryogenic-TEM. Crystallographic techniques such as powder X-ray and solid-state NMR have been used to explain the precise long- and short-range packing of dyes in these assemblies. Finally, functional properties such as charge and energy transport have been explored by pulse radiolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (PR-TRMC), conductive AFM, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The design principles discussed in this Account are important steps toward the utilization of these materials in biosupramolecular electronics and photonics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Sengupta
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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66
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Liu K, Kang Y, Wang Z, Zhang X. 25th anniversary article: reversible and adaptive functional supramolecular materials: "noncovalent interaction" matters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5530-5548. [PMID: 24038309 DOI: 10.1002/adma201302015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular materials held together by noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, host-guest interactions, and electrostatic interactions, have great potential in material science. The unique reversibility and adaptivity of noncovalent intreractions have brought about fascinating new functions that are not available by their covalent counterparts and have greatly enriched the realm of functional materials. This review article aims to highlight the very recent and important progresses in the area of functional supramoleuclar materials, focusing on adaptive mechanical materials, smart sensors with enhanced selectivity, soft luminescent and electronic nanomaterials, and biomimetic and biomedical materials with tailored structures and functions. We cannot write a complete account of all the interesting work in this area in one article, but we hope that it can in a way reflect the current situation and future trends in this prosperously developing area of functional supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
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67
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Busseron E, Ruff Y, Moulin E, Giuseppone N. Supramolecular self-assemblies as functional nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7098-140. [PMID: 23832165 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we survey the diversity of structures and functions which are encountered in advanced self-assembled nanomaterials. We highlight their flourishing implementations in three active domains of applications: biomedical sciences, information technologies, and environmental sciences. Our main objective is to provide the reader with a concise and straightforward entry to this broad field by selecting the most recent and important research articles, supported by some more comprehensive reviews to introduce each topic. Overall, this compilation illustrates how, based on the rules of supramolecular chemistry, the bottom-up approach to design functional objects at the nanoscale is currently producing highly sophisticated materials oriented towards a growing number of applications with high societal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Busseron
- SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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68
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Patwardhan S, Jin S, Son HJ, Schatz GC. Ultrafast Energy Migration in Porphyrin-based Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2013.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn this paper, we have studied the energy transport properties of two porphyrincontaining metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for light-harvesting applications. The photoinduced singlet exciton migration is investigated using fluorescence quenching experiments, whereas details on exciton transport anisotropy and net displacements are obtained using a Förster theory analysis. The striking difference in the energy-transport properties for the two MOFs, albeit for similar molecular organization, is attributed to dissimilar spatial expanse and difference in the electronic structure of their porphyrin struts. The observed exciton displacements, of up to 60 nm, provides motivation to explore new MOF materials. Several new linkers are considered, leading to predictions of MOF structures, which provide both broadwavelength harvesting and unidirectional energy transporting MOFs with selected examples.
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69
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Pandit A, Ocakoglu K, Buda F, van Marle T, Holzwarth AR, de Groot HJM. Structure Determination of a Bio-Inspired Self-Assembled Light-Harvesting Antenna by Solid-State NMR and Molecular Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11292-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402210x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pandit
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI-CEC) (previously
known as Max-Planck-Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry), Stiftstrasse
34−36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas van Marle
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (MPI-CEC) (previously
known as Max-Planck-Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry), Stiftstrasse
34−36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Huub J. M. de Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Shinozaki Y, Richards G, Ogawa K, Yamano A, Ohara K, Yamaguchi K, Kawano SI, Tanaka K, Araki Y, Wada T, Otsuki J. Double Helices of a Pyridine-Appended Zinc Chlorophyll Derivative. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5262-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400493e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Shinozaki
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-18-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Gary Richards
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-18-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Keizo Ogawa
- Nihon University Junior College, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi-shi,
Chiba 274-8501, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamano
- X-ray
Research Laboratory, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi,
Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ohara
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science
at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamaguchi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science
at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kawano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research
for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research
for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Joe Otsuki
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-18-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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71
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Son HJ, Jin S, Patwardhan S, Wezenberg SJ, Jeong NC, So M, Wilmer CE, Sarjeant AA, Schatz GC, Snurr RQ, Farha OK, Wiederrecht GP, Hupp JT. Light-harvesting and ultrafast energy migration in porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:862-9. [PMID: 23249338 DOI: 10.1021/ja310596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Given that energy (exciton) migration in natural photosynthesis primarily occurs in highly ordered porphyrin-like pigments (chlorophylls), equally highly ordered porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) might be expected to exhibit similar behavior, thereby facilitating antenna-like light-harvesting and positioning such materials for use in solar energy conversion schemes. Herein, we report the first example of directional, long-distance energy migration within a MOF. Two MOFs, namely F-MOF and DA-MOF that are composed of two Zn(II) porphyrin struts [5,15-dipyridyl-10,20-bis(pentafluorophenyl)porphinato]zinc(II) and [5,15-bis[4-(pyridyl)ethynyl]-10,20-diphenylporphinato]zinc(II), respectively, were investigated. From fluorescence quenching experiments and theoretical calculations, we find that the photogenerated exciton migrates over a net distance of up to ~45 porphyrin struts within its lifetime in DA-MOF (but only ~3 in F-MOF), with a high anisotropy along a specific direction. The remarkably efficient exciton migration in DA-MOF is attributed to enhanced π-conjugation through the addition of two acetylene moieties in the porphyrin molecule, which leads to greater Q-band absorption intensity and much faster exciton-hopping (energy transfer between adjacent porphyrin struts). The long distance and directional energy migration in DA-MOF suggests promising applications of this compound or related compounds in solar energy conversion schemes as an efficient light-harvesting and energy-transport component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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72
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Jendrny M, Aartsma TJ, Köhler J. Fluorescence Excitation Spectra from Individual Chlorosomes of the Green Sulfur Bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:3745-3750. [PMID: 26291105 DOI: 10.1021/jz301808h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We performed polarization-resolved fluorescence excitation spectroscopy on individual chlorosomes from the photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. The experiments were conducted at room temperature and under cryogenic conditions. All spectra showed a strong intensity modulation as a function of the polarization of the incident radiation, and we determined the modulation ratio as a function of the excitation energy. Under ambient conditions this ratio shows only little variation across the absorption band, whereas the low-temperature experiments clearly revealed that the broad absorption band around 740 nm consists of several spectral contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jendrny
- †Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thijs J Aartsma
- ‡Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- †Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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73
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Shoji S, Hashishin T, Tamiaki H. Construction of Chlorosomal Rod Self-Aggregates in the Solid State on Any Substrates from Synthetic Chlorophyll Derivatives Possessing an Oligomethylene Chain at the 17-Propionate Residue. Chemistry 2012; 18:13331-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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74
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Patwardhan S, Sengupta S, Siebbeles LDA, Würthner F, Grozema FC. Efficient Charge Transport in Semisynthetic Zinc Chlorin Dye Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16147-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3075192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Patwardhan
- Optoelectronic Materials Section,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Sanchita Sengupta
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie
and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Optoelectronic Materials Section,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie
and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg,
Germany
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- Optoelectronic Materials Section,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The
Netherlands
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75
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Bhosale SV, Nalage SV, Booth JM, Gupta A, Bhargava SK, Bhosale SV. Solvent induced ordered-supramolecular assembly of highly branched protoporphyrin IX derivative. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2012.716841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidhanath V. Bhosale
- a Polymer and Functional Materials Division , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , 500 607 , India
| | - Santosh V. Nalage
- a Polymer and Functional Materials Division , Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh , 500 607 , India
| | - Jamie M. Booth
- b School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne , VIC , 3001 , Australia
| | - Akhil Gupta
- c Department of Materials Engineering , Monash University , Wellington Road, Clayton , VIC , 3800 , Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- b School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne , VIC , 3001 , Australia
| | - Sheshanath V. Bhosale
- b School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne , VIC , 3001 , Australia
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