51
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Saha R, Pan S, Chattaraj PK. Stabilization of Boron-Boron Triple Bonds by Mesoionic Carbenes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13720-13730. [PMID: 31458073 PMCID: PMC6644692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory-based computations are carried out to analyze the electronic structure and stability of B2(MIC)2 complexes, where MIC is a mesoionic carbene, viz., imidazolin-4-ylidenes, pyrazolin-4-ylidene, 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene, tetrazol-5-ylidene, and isoxazol-4-ylidene. The structure, stability, and the nature of bonding of these complexes are further compared to those of the previously reported B2(NHC)2 and B2(cAAC)2. A thorough bonding analysis via natural bond order, molecular orbital, and energy decomposition analyses (EDA) in combination with natural orbital for chemical valence (NOCV) reveals that MICs are suitable ligands to stabilize B2 species in its (3)1∑g + excited state, resulting in an effective B-B bond order of 3. Their high dissociation energy and endergonicity at 298 K for the dissociations L-BB-L → 2 B-L and L-BB-L → BB + 2 L (L = Ligand) indicate their viability at ambient condition. The donor property of MICs is comparable to that of NHCMe. The orbital interaction plays a greater role than the coulombic interaction in forming the B-L bonds. The EDA-NOCV results show that the sum of the orbital energies associated with the (+, +) and (+, -) L→[B2]←L σ-donations is far larger than that of L←[B2]→L π-back donation. It also reveals that cAACMe possesses the largest σ-donation and π-back donation abilities among the studied ligands, and the σ-donation and π-back donation abilities of MICs are comparable to those of NHCMe. Therefore, the present study shows that MICs would also be an excellent choice as ligands to experimentally realize new compounds having a strong B-B triple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Saha
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sudip Pan
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Institute
of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210028, China
- E-mail: (S.P.)
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- E-mail: (P.K.C.)
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52
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Lu W, Kinjo R. Coordination of Asymmetric Diborenes towards Cationic Coinage Metals (Au, Ag, Cu). Chemistry 2018; 24:15656-15662. [PMID: 30047175 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a series of cationic coinage metal (Au: 2-4, Ag: 5, and Cu: 6) complexes of asymmetric diborenes (1 a, 1 b) is reported. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the metal center interacts unsymmetrically with the B2 moiety and the terminal boron atom exhibits pronounced pyramidal geometry. A computational study shows that in complexes 2-6, the bonding between the B2 units and the metal center is dominated by electrostatic interactions concomitant with non-negligible covalent contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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53
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Bharadwaz P, Dewhurst RD, Phukan AK. Metal-Free Activation of Enthalpically Strong Bonds: Unraveling the Potential of Hitherto Unexplored Singlet Carbenes. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Bharadwaz
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napam -; 784 028 Assam India
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ashwini K. Phukan
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napam -; 784 028 Assam India
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54
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Muessig JH, Prieschl D, Deißenberger A, Dewhurst RD, Dietz M, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Trumpp A, Wang SR, Brunecker C, Haefner A, Gärtner A, Thiess T, Böhnke J, Radacki K, Bertermann R, Marder TB, Braunschweig H. Reactivity of Tetrahalo- and Difluorodiboranes(4) toward Lewis Basic Platinum(0): Bis(boryl), Borylborato, and Doubly Boryl-Bridged Platinum Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13056-13063. [PMID: 30222320 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the tetrahalodiboranes(4) B2F4, B2Cl4, and B2Br4 with a Lewis basic platinum(0) complex led to the isolation of the cis-bis(difluoroboryl) complex cis-[(Cy3P)2Pt(BF2)2] (1) and the novel borylborato complexes trans-[(Cy3P)2Pt{B(X)-BX3}] (2, X = Cl; 3, X = Br), respectively. The trans influence of the borylborato group was found to be one of the strongest ever observed experimentally. Furthermore, the reactivity of little-explored diaryldifluorodiboranes(4) F2B-BMes2 and the new derivative F2B-BAn2 (An = 9-anthryl) toward a range of platinum(0) complexes was investigated. Reactions with relatively nonbulky platinum(0) complexes led to the formation of unsymmetrical cis-bis(boryl) complexes cis-[(R3P)2Pt(BF2)(BMes2)] (6, R = Me; 7, R = Et) as well as the first example of a fourfold-unsymmetrical bis(boryl) complex, [(Me3P)(Cy3P)Pt(BF2)(BMes2)] (12). The use of a more bulky Pt complex provided access to the unprecedented dinuclear bis(boryl) complexes [{( iPr3P)Pt}2(μ-BF2)(μ-BAr2)] (8, Ar = Mes; 9, Ar = An), which feature two different μ2-bridging boryl ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas H Muessig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Dominic Prieschl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Andrea Deißenberger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas , Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta , 36050 Guanajuato , GTO , Mexico
| | - Alexandra Trumpp
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Sunewang R Wang
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Carina Brunecker
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Alena Haefner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Annalena Gärtner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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55
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Böhnke J, Arrowsmith M, Braunschweig H. Reactivity Enhancement of a Zerovalent Diboron Compound by Desymmetrization. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10368-10373. [PMID: 30040887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The desymmetrization of the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene-supported diboracumulene B2(cAACMe)2 (cAACMe = 1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene) by monoadduct formation with IMeMe (1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) yields the zerovalent sp-sp2 diboron compound B2(cAACMe)2(IMeMe), which provides a versatile platform for the synthesis of novel symmetrical and unsymmetrical zerovalent sp2-sp2 diboron compounds by adduct formation with IMeMe and CO, respectively. Furthermore, B2(cAACMe)2(IMeMe) displays enhanced reactivity compared to its symmetrical precursor, undergoing spontaneous intramolecular C-H activation and facile twofold hydrogenation, the latter resulting in B-B bond cleavage and the formation of the mixed-base parent borylene (cAACMe)(IMeMe)BH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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56
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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57
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Melancon KM, Gildner MB, Hudnall TW. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Redox Reactivity of a Cyclic (Alkyl) Amino Carbene-Derived Arsamethine Cyanine Dye. Chemistry 2018; 24:9264-9268. [PMID: 29775499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In our efforts to prepare a diarsenic allotrope supported by two cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands we stumbled upon the synthesis of the first carbene-supported chloroarsinidene 3, which has been fully characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopic and XRD methods. Although further reduction of 3 was not possible, we found that addition of a second equivalent of CAAC in refluxing toluene afforded the first example of a crystallographically characterized arsamethine cyanine dye (4). The arsenic(I) dye is structurally similar to phosphorus analogues, and contains an arsenide anion with two stereochemically active lone pairs supported by two iminium ligands. The UV/Visible spectrum and redox chemistry of 4 were also explored. Upon reduction with one equivalent of KC8 , 3 is reduced to the originally targeted CAAC2 As2 allotrope 6, whereas oxidation provides access to the first example of an arsenic(II) radical dication (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kortney M Melancon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - M Brenton Gildner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Todd W Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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58
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Böhnke J, Brückner T, Hermann A, González-Belman OF, Arrowsmith M, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Braunschweig H. Single and double activation of acetone by isolobal B[triple bond, length as m-dash]N and B[triple bond, length as m-dash]B triple bonds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5354-5359. [PMID: 30009006 PMCID: PMC6009441 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar and apolar boron-based triple bonds promote the single and double C–H activation of acetone following similar coordination-deprotonation mechanisms.
B
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
N and B
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
B triple bonds induce C–H activation of acetone to yield a (2-propenyloxy)aminoborane and an unsymmetrical 1-(2-propenyloxy)-2-hydrodiborene, respectively. DFT calculations showed that, despite their stark electronic differences, both the B
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
N and B
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
B triple bonds activate acetone via a similar coordination-deprotonation mechanism. In contrast, the reaction of acetone with a cAAC-supported diboracumulene yielded a unique 1,2,3-oxadiborole, which according to DFT calculations also proceeds via an unsymmetrical diborene, followed by intramolecular hydride migration and a second C–H activation of the enolate ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Tobias Brückner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Alexander Hermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Oscar F González-Belman
- Departamento de Química , Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N , 36050 Guanajuato , México .
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química , Universidad de Guanajuato , Noria Alta S/N , 36050 Guanajuato , México .
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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59
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Arrowsmith M, Mattock JD, Böhnke J, Krummenacher I, Vargas A, Braunschweig H. Direct access to a cAAC-supported dihydrodiborene and its dianion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4669-4672. [PMID: 29682660 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The two-fold reduction of (cAAC)BHX2 (cAAC = 1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene; X = Cl, Br) provides a facile, high-yielding route to the dihydrodiborene (cAAC)2B2H2. The (chloro)hydroboryl anion reduction intermediate was successfully isolated using a crown ether. Overreduction of the diborene to its dianion [(cAAC)2B2H2]2- causes a decrease in the B-B bond order whereas the B-C bond orders increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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60
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Stoy A, Böhnke J, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Dewhurst RD, Thiess T, Braunschweig H. CO2
-Fixierung und Spaltung durch unpolare Mehrfachbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stoy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - J. Oscar C. Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, Division de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas; Universidad de Guanajuato; Noria Alta S/N Guanajuato, C.P. 36050, Gto. Mexiko
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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61
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Stoy A, Böhnke J, Jiménez-Halla JOC, Dewhurst RD, Thiess T, Braunschweig H. CO 2 Binding and Splitting by Boron-Boron Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5947-5951. [PMID: 29493885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The room-temperature, ambient-pressure reactions of CO2 with two species containing boron-boron multiple bonds led to the incorporation of either one or two CO2 molecules. The structural characterization of a thermally unstable intermediate in one case indicates that an initial [2+2] cycloaddition is the key step in the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stoy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Oscar C Jiménez-Halla
- Departamento de Química, Division de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato, C.P., 36050, Gto., Mexico
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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62
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Böhnke J, Dellermann T, Celik MA, Krummenacher I, Dewhurst RD, Demeshko S, Ewing WC, Hammond K, Heß M, Bill E, Welz E, Röhr MIS, Mitrić R, Engels B, Meyer F, Braunschweig H. Isolation of diborenes and their 90°-twisted diradical congeners. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1197. [PMID: 29567960 PMCID: PMC5864745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules containing multiple bonds between atoms-most often in the form of olefins-are ubiquitous in nature, commerce, and science, and as such have a huge impact on everyday life. Given their prominence, over the last few decades, frequent attempts have been made to perturb the structure and reactivity of multiply-bound species through bending and twisting. However, only modest success has been achieved in the quest to completely twist double bonds in order to homolytically cleave the associated π bond. Here, we present the isolation of double-bond-containing species based on boron, as well as their fully twisted diradical congeners, by the incorporation of attached groups with different electronic properties. The compounds comprise a structurally authenticated set of diamagnetic multiply-bound and diradical singly-bound congeners of the same class of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - William C Ewing
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Hammond
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merlin Heß
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eileen Welz
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle I S Röhr
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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63
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Fantuzzi F, Coutinho CB, Oliveira RR, Nascimento MAC. Diboryne Nanostructures Stabilized by Multitopic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fantuzzi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Caroline B. Coutinho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R. Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
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64
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Hadlington TJ, Szilvási T, Driess M. Striking transformations of the hydroborylene ligand in a HB:→Ni II complex with isocyanides and CO. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2595-2600. [PMID: 29719715 PMCID: PMC5897887 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04792d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first reactivity of the hydroborylene ligand is described, giving access to a remarkable range of unprecedented boron-centered species.
For the first time, the reactivity of the metal- and N-heterocyclic carbene-supported monovalent hydroborylene is reported. Isocyanides react with the hydroborylene NiII complex [{cat(TMSL)Si}(Cl)Ni←:BH(NHC)2] 1 (cat = ortho-C6H4O2; TMSL = N(SiMe3)(Dipp); Dipp = 2,6-Pri2C6H3; NHC = :C[(Pri)NC(Me)]2) to form the hydride-bridged hydroborylene-NiII complexes 2. The reaction of 1 with isoelectronic CO, however, is reversible and furnishes the related unprecedented hydride- and CO-bridged hydroborylene NiII complex 2-CO, which undergoes isomerisation through silyl/NHC exchange at ambient temperature to afford the corresponding hydro(silyl)boryl NiII complex 3. Markedly, 2 readily and quantitatively react with one further molar equiv. of isocyanide to give, under borylene liberation and H/Cl ligand exchange, boraketiminium species, which represent cationic BI complexes. These latter compounds are highly reactive in solution, and can undergo quantitative transformation into previously unknown cyanoborenium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hadlington
- Department of Chemistry , Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials , Techniche Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
| | - T Szilvási
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive , 53706 , Madison , WI , USA
| | - M Driess
- Department of Chemistry , Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials , Techniche Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
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65
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Eck M, Würtemberger-Pietsch S, Eichhorn A, Berthel JHJ, Bertermann R, Paul USD, Schneider H, Friedrich A, Kleeberg C, Radius U, Marder TB. B-B bond activation and NHC ring-expansion reactions of diboron(4) compounds, and accurate molecular structures of B 2(NMe 2) 4, B 2eg 2, B 2neop 2 and B 2pin 2. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:3661-3680. [PMID: 28252145 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this detailed study we report on the structures of the widely employed diboron(4) compounds bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) and bis(neopentyl glycolato)diboron (B2neop2), as well as bis(ethylene glycolato)diboron (B2eg2) and tetrakis(dimethylamino)diboron (B2(NMe2)4), and their reactivity, along with that of bis(catecholato)diboron (B2cat2) with backbone saturated and backbone unsaturared N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) of different steric demand. Depending on the nature of the diboron(4) compound and the NHC used, Lewis-acid/Lewis-base adducts or NHC ring-expansion products stemming from B-B and C-N bond activation have been observed. The corresponding NHC adducts and NHC ring-expanded products were isolated and characterised via solid-state and solution NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. In general, we observed B-B bond and C-N bond activation at low temperature for B2eg2, at room temperature for B2neop2 and at higher temperature for B2cat2. The reactivity strongly depends on steric effects of the NHCs and the diboron(4) compounds, as well as on the corresponding Lewis-basicity and Lewis-acidity. Our results provide profound insight into the chemistry of these diboron(4) reagents with the nowadays ubiquitous NHCs, the stability of the corresponding NHC adducts and on B-B bond activation using Lewis-bases in general. We demonstrate that B-B bond activation may be triggered even at temperatures as low as -40 °C to -30 °C without any metal species involved. For example, the reactions of B2eg2 with sterically less demanding NHCs such as Me2ImMe and iPr2Im in solution led to the corresponding ring-expanded products at low temperatures. Furthermore, boronium [L2B(OR)2]+ and borenium [LB(OR)2]+ cations have been observed from the reaction of the bis-borate B2eg3 with the NHCs iPr2Im and Me2ImMe, which led to the conclusion that the activation of bis-borates with NHCs (or Lewis-bases in general) might be a facile and simple route to access such species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Eck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Würtemberger-Pietsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Antonius Eichhorn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes H J Berthel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ursula S D Paul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Heidi Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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66
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Lu W, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Boron Analogue of Vinylidene Dication Supported by Phosphines. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1255-1258. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical
and Mathematical Sciences, and ‡NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical
and Mathematical Sciences, and ‡NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical
and Mathematical Sciences, and ‡NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical
and Mathematical Sciences, and ‡NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
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67
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Zhao L, von Hopffgarten M, Andrada DM, Frenking G. Energy decomposition analysis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | | | | | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Donostia Spain
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68
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Lu W, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Crystalline Neutral Allenic Diborene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9829-9832. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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69
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70
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Roy S, Mondal KC, Kundu S, Li B, Schürmann CJ, Dutta S, Koley D, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW. Two Structurally Characterized Conformational Isomers with Different C−P Bonds. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Roy
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Dept. of Chemistry; IISER Tirupati; Karakambadi Road 517507 Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
- IIT Madras; Chennai India
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Bin Li
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christian J. Schürmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Dept. of Chemical Sciences; IISER Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Dept. of Chemical Sciences; IISER Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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71
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Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Borylenes: An Emerging Class of Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10282-10292. [PMID: 28577325 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Free borylenes (R-B:) have only been spectroscopically characterized in the gas phase or in matrices at very low temperatures. However, in recent years, a few mono- and bis(Lewis base)-stabilized borylenes have been isolated. In both of these compounds the boron atom is in the formal oxidation state +I which contrasts with classical organoboron derivatives wherein the element is in the +III oxidation state. Mono(Lewis base)-stabilized borylenes are isoelectronic with singlet carbenes, and their reactivity mimics to some extent that of transition metals. They can activate small molecules, such as H2 , and coordinate an additional ligand; in other words, they are boron metallomimics. Bis(Lewis base)borylene adducts are isoelectronic with amines and phosphines. In contrast to boranes, which act as electron acceptors and thus Lewis acids, they are electron-rich and act as ligands for transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
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72
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD – CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD – CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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73
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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74
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Bharadwaz P, Chetia P, Phukan AK. Electronic and Ligand Properties of Skeletally Substituted Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes (CAACs) and Their Reactivity towards Small Molecule Activation: A Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2017; 23:9926-9936. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Bharadwaz
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napam; 784 028 Assam India
| | - Pubali Chetia
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napam; 784 028 Assam India
| | - Ashwini K. Phukan
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napam; 784 028 Assam India
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75
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Melaimi M, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclische Alkylaminocarbene (CAACs): Neues von guten Bekannten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michèle Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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76
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Melaimi M, Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs): Recent Developments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10046-10068. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michèle Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory, UMI 3555, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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77
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Wang SR, Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Dellermann T, Dewhurst RD, Kelch H, Krummenacher I, Mattock JD, Müssig JH, Thiess T, Vargas A, Zhang J. Engineering a Small HOMO-LUMO Gap and Intramolecular C−H Borylation by Diborene/Anthracene Orbital Intercalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8009-8013. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunewang R. Wang
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Hauke Kelch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - James D. Mattock
- Department of Chemistry; School of Life Sciences; University of Sussex; Brighton BN1 9QJ Sussex UK
| | - Jonas H. Müssig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alfredo Vargas
- Department of Chemistry; School of Life Sciences; University of Sussex; Brighton BN1 9QJ Sussex UK
| | - Jiji Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories; Hong Kong China
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78
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Wang SR, Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Dellermann T, Dewhurst RD, Kelch H, Krummenacher I, Mattock JD, Müssig JH, Thiess T, Vargas A, Zhang J. Generierung einer kleinen HOMO-LUMO-Lücke und intramolekulare C-H-Borylierung durch Diboren-Anthracen-Orbitalinterkalation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunewang R. Wang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Hauke Kelch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - James D. Mattock
- Department of Chemistry; School of Life Sciences; University of Sussex; Brighton BN1 9QJ Sussex Großbritannien
| | - Jonas H. Müssig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Torsten Thiess
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Alfredo Vargas
- Department of Chemistry; School of Life Sciences; University of Sussex; Brighton BN1 9QJ Sussex Großbritannien
| | - Jiji Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories; Hong Kong China
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79
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PAN SUDIP, SAHA RANAJIT, GUPTA ASHUTOSH, CHATTARAJ PRATIMK. Modeling of 1-D Nanowires and analyzing their Hydrogen and Noble Gas Binding Ability. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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80
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Ye Q, Ziegler MS, Lakshmi KV, Don Tilley T. Titanium Imido Complexes via Displacement of -SiMe 3 and C-H Bond Activation in a Ti(III) Amido Complex, Promoted by a Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino) Carbene (cAAC). Eur J Inorg Chem 2017; 2017:2484-2487. [PMID: 30505212 PMCID: PMC6261457 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A strong σ-donating cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (cAAC) triggers rearrangement of the silyl(aryl) amido ligand -N(SiMe3)Dipp (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) in the coordination sphere of titanium(III) to afford a novel zwitterionic titanium imido complex with a TiCH2SiMe2[cAAC] linkage. Reduction of this species produces a new DippN=Ti imido complex containing a cAAC-centered radical species, characterized by single crystal diffraction analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA94720-1460, USA
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055 (China)
| | - Micah S Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA94720-1460, USA
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA94720-1460, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA94720-1460, USA
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81
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Lu W, Li Y, Ganguly R, Kinjo R. Alkene–Carbene Isomerization induced by Borane: Access to an Asymmetrical Diborene. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5047-5050. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical
and Mathematical Sciences, and ‡NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical
and Mathematical Sciences, and ‡NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical
and Mathematical Sciences, and ‡NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical
and Mathematical Sciences, and ‡NTU-CBC Crystallography Facility, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
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82
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Waters JB, Chen Q, Everitt TA, Goicoechea JM. N-Heterocyclic carbene adducts of the heavier group 15 tribromides. Normal to abnormal isomerism and bromide ion abstraction. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12053-12066. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02431b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the heavier group 15 tribromides, SbBr3 and BiBr3, towards 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B. Waters
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Qien Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Thomas A. Everitt
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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83
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Swarnakar AK, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Rivard E. Azido- and amido-substituted gallium hydrides supported by N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1406-1412. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04595b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of azido- and amido-gallanes supported by hindered N-heterocyclic carbene donors is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada T6G 2G2
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84
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Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Deißenberger A, Dewhurst RD, Ewing WC, Hörl C, Mies J, Muessig JH. Simple solution-phase syntheses of tetrahalodiboranes(4) and their labile dimethylsulfide adducts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8265-8267. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03148c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Convenient solution-phase syntheses of tetrahalodiboranes(4) and the dimethylsulfide adducts B2Cl4(SMe2)2 and B2Br4(SMe2)2 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron
| | - Andrea Deißenberger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron
| | - William C. Ewing
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Christian Hörl
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Jan Mies
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Jonas H. Muessig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron
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85
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Arrowsmith M, Braunschweig H, Stennett TE. Formation and Reactivity of Electron-Precise B−B Single and Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:96-115. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Julius Maximilians Universität Würzburg; Department of Chemistry; Am Hubland Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Julius Maximilians Universität Würzburg; Department of Chemistry; Am Hubland Würzburg 97074 Germany
| | - Tom E. Stennett
- Julius Maximilians Universität Würzburg; Department of Chemistry; Am Hubland Würzburg 97074 Germany
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86
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Synthese und Reaktivität von Verbindungen mit elektronenpräzisen B‐B‐Einfach‐ und B‐B‐Mehrfachbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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87
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Waters JB, Everitt TA, Myers WK, Goicoechea JM. N-heterocyclic carbene induced reductive coupling of phosphorus tribromide. Isolation of a bromine bridged P-P bond and its subsequent reactivity. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6981-6987. [PMID: 28451133 PMCID: PMC5356258 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The room temperature reaction of a 1 : 1 mixture of phosphorus tribromide (PBr3) and the N-heterocyclic carbene 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) quantitatively affords the Lewis acid-base adduct (IPr)PBr3 (1). Interestingly, when 1 is heated between 55 and 65 °C for a period of several days, dark red crystals slowly begin to form in the reaction vessel accompanied by the release of bromine. The resulting crystalline sample, [P2(IPr)2Br3]Br ([2]Br), results from the reductive coupling of two equivalents of 1, and contains a cationic moiety with a P-P bond that is bridged by a bromine atom. Anion exchange reactions with Na[BArF4] (BArF4 = B(3,5-{CF3}2C6H3)4) afford [2][BArF4]. Abstraction of two equivalents of bromine allows for the isolation of the unprecedented dicationic species [P2(IPr)2Br2]2+ (3) which was isolated and structurally authenticated as two different [BArF4]- salts. Reaction of 2 with mild reductants such as SnBr2 or tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) affords [P2(IPr)2Br]+ (4) and the known radical cation [P2(IPr)2]˙+ (5), respectively. These studies show that relatively weak P-Br bonds present in compounds 1-4 can be cleaved in a straightforward manner to afford low oxidation state compounds in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Waters
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Thomas A Everitt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - William K Myers
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK .
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88
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Huang JS, Lee WH, Shen CT, Lin YF, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu CW. Cp*-Substituted Boron Cations: The Effect of NHC, NHO, and CAAC Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12427-12434. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Sheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hua Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fan Lin
- Department
of Medical and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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89
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Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Celik MA, Dellermann T, Hammond K. Uncatalyzed Hydrogenation of First-Row Main Group Multiple Bonds. Chemistry 2016; 22:17169-17172. [PMID: 27685839 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature hydrogenation of an SIDep-stabilized diboryne (SIDep=1,3-bis(diethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) and a cAAC-supported diboracumulene (cAAC=1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene) provided the first selective route to the corresponding 1,2-dihydrodiborenes. DFT calculations showed an overall exothermic (ΔG=19.4 kcal mol-1 ) two-step asynchronous H2 addition mechanism proceeding via a bridging hydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Hammond
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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90
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Gackstatter A, Braunschweig H, Kupfer T, Voigt C, Arnold N. N-Heterocyclic Silylenes in Boron Chemistry: Facile Formation of Silylboranes and Silaborinines. Chemistry 2016; 22:16415-16419. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Gackstatter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Kupfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christian Voigt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Nicole Arnold
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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91
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Dutton JL, Frenking G. Neue Wege in der s-Block-Chemie - Komplexe mit Beryllium in der Oxidationsstufe Null. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences; La Trobe University; Melbourne Victoria Australien
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Straße 1 35032 Marburg Deutschland
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92
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Dutton JL, Frenking G. New Avenues in s-Block Chemistry: Beryllium(0) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13380-13382. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences; La Trobe University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 1 35032 Marburg Germany
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93
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Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Celik MA, Claes C, Ewing WC, Krummenacher I, Lubitz K, Schneider C. Neutrale Dibor-Analoga von archetypischen aromatischen Verbindungen durch spontane Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Christina Claes
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - William C. Ewing
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Katharina Lubitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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94
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Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Celik MA, Claes C, Ewing WC, Krummenacher I, Lubitz K, Schneider C. Neutral Diboron Analogues of Archetypal Aromatic Species by Spontaneous Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11271-5. [PMID: 27374193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous routes organic chemists have developed to synthesize benzene derivatives and heteroaromatic compounds, transition-metal-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions are the most elegant. In contrast, cycloaddition reactions of heavier alkene and alkyne analogues, though limited in scope, proceed uncatalyzed. In this work we present the first spontaneous cycloaddition reactions of lighter alkene and alkyne analogues. Selective addition of unactivated alkynes to boron-boron multiple bonds under ambient conditions yielded diborocarbon equivalents of simple aromatic hydrocarbons, including the first neutral 6 π-aromatic diborabenzene compound, a 2 π-aromatic triplet biradical 1,3-diborete, and a phosphine-stabilized 2 π-homoaromatic 1,3-dihydro-1,3-diborete. DFT calculations suggest that all three compounds are aromatic and show frontier molecular orbitals matching those of the related aromatic hydrocarbons, C6 H6 and C4 H4 (2+) , and homoaromatic C4 H5 (+) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Claes
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - William C Ewing
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Lubitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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95
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Braunschweig H, Constantinidis P, Dellermann T, Ewing WC, Fischer I, Hess M, Knight FR, Rempel A, Schneider C, Ullrich S, Vargas A, Woollins JD. Highly Strained Heterocycles Constructed from Boron-Boron Multiple Bonds and Heavy Chalcogens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5606-9. [PMID: 27027522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of a diborene with elemental selenium or tellurium are shown to afford a diboraselenirane or diboratellurirane, respectively. These reactions are reminiscent of the sequestration of subvalent oxygen and nitrogen in the formation of oxiranes and aziridines; however, such reactivity is not known between alkenes and the heavy chalcogens. Although carbon is too electronegative to affect the reduction of elements with lower relative electronegativity, the highly reducing nature of the B-B double bond enables reactions with Se(0) and Te(0) . The capacity of multiple bonds between boron atoms to donate electron density is highlighted in reactions where diborynes behave as nucleophiles, attacking one of the two Te atoms of diaryltellurides, forming salts consisting of diboratellurenium cations and aryltelluride anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Constantinidis
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - William C Ewing
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merlin Hess
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fergus R Knight
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ullrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, Sussex, UK
| | - J Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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96
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Braunschweig H, Constantinidis P, Dellermann T, Ewing WC, Fischer I, Hess M, Knight FR, Rempel A, Schneider C, Ullrich S, Vargas A, Woollins JD. Hochgespannte Heterocyclen, gebildet aus Bor‐Bor‐Mehrfachbindungen und höheren Homologen der Chalcogene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Philipp Constantinidis
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - William C. Ewing
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Merlin Hess
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Fergus R. Knight
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST Großbritannien
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Stefan Ullrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Alfredo Vargas
- Department of Chemistry School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9QJ Sussex Großbritannien
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST Großbritannien
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97
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Braunschweig H, Celik MA, Dewhurst RD, Kachel S, Wennemann B. Mild and Complete Carbonyl Ligand Scission on a Mononuclear Transition Metal Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5076-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Stephanie Kachel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Benedikt Wennemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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98
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Braunschweig H, Celik MA, Dewhurst RD, Kachel S, Wennemann B. Milde und vollständige Spaltung eines Carbonylliganden innerhalb eines einkernigen Übergangsmetallkomplexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Stephanie Kachel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Benedikt Wennemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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99
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Perras FA. Quantitative structure parameters from the NMR spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most important characterization tools in chemistry, however, 3/4 of the NMR active nuclei are underutilized due to their quadrupolar nature. This short review centers on the development of methods that use solid-state NMR of quadrupolar nuclei for obtaining quantitative structural information. Namely, techniques using dipolar recoupling as well as the resolution afforded by double-rotation are presented for the measurement of spin–spin coupling between quadrupoles, enabling the measurement of internuclear distances and connectivities. Two-dimensional J-resolved-type experiments are then presented for the measurement of dipolar and J coupling, between spin-1/2 and quadrupolar nuclei as well as in pairs of quadrupolar nuclei. Select examples utilizing these techniques for the extraction of structural information are given. Techniques are then described that enable the fine refinement of crystalline structures using solely the electric field gradient tensor, measured using NMR, as a constraint. These approaches enable the solution of crystal structures, from polycrystalline compounds, that are of comparable quality to those solved using single-crystal diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric A. Perras
- 1Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, 211 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011-3020, USA
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100
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Wrackmeyer B. A Cyclotriborane Dianion and the Triboron Cation: “Light Ends” of the Hückel Rule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:1962-4. [PMID: 26765534 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wrackmeyer
- Anorganische Chemie II; Universität Bayreuth; 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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