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Xu W, Liu X, Qu W, Wang X, Su H, Li W, Cheng Y. Exosomes derived from fibrinogen-like protein 1-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14545-14561. [PMID: 36694465 PMCID: PMC9995129 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2090379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a most common chronic joint disease belonging to inflammatory autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to determine the role and mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes and fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) overexpression exosomes shuttled by BMSCs (FGL1-Exos) on RA. All of the exosomes were visualized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the characteristic proteins were detected by western blot. To investigate the therapeutic effect of FGL1-Exos, RA-FLSs were activated by TNF-α and RA rat model was established by collagen incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation factors, and protein levels were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin and safranin O staining were used to detect the histopathology changes. Cell apoptosis and FGL1 expression in knee joint were detected by immunofluorescence. The results showed that FGL1-Exos could inhibit the cell viability meanwhile increase the cell apoptosis in RA-FLSs. Meanwhile, FGL1-Exos could effectively suppress the inflammation score, joint destruction, and inflammatory response in RA rat model. FGL1-Exos directly inhibited cell apoptosis of RA-FLSs and RA rat model by suppressing the inflammatory cytokines, specific rheumatoid markers, immunological markers meanwhile meditating the NF-κB pathway. Our results indicate that FGL1 was a therapeutic potential target in RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Affiliated Laishan Branch of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqing Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, YanTaiShan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, YanTaiShan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yiheng Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, YanTaiShan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Bailey KN, Alliston T. At the Crux of Joint Crosstalk: TGFβ Signaling in the Synovial Joint. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:184-197. [PMID: 35499698 PMCID: PMC9184360 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The effect of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway on joint homeostasis is tissue-specific, non-linear, and context-dependent, representing a unique complexity in targeting TGFβ signaling in joint disease. Here we discuss the variety of mechanisms that TGFβ signaling employs in the synovial joint to maintain healthy joint crosstalk and the ways in which aberrant TGFβ signaling can result in joint degeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoarthritis (OA) epitomizes a condition of disordered joint crosstalk in which multiple joint tissues degenerate leading to overall joint deterioration. Synovial joint tissues, such as subchondral bone, articular cartilage, and synovium, as well as mesenchymal stem cells, each demonstrate aberrant TGFβ signaling during joint disease, whether by excessive or suppressed signaling, imbalance of canonical and non-canonical signaling, a perturbed mechanical microenvironment, or a distorted response to TGFβ signaling during aging. The synovial joint relies upon a sophisticated alliance among each joint tissue to maintain joint homeostasis. The TGFβ signaling pathway is a key regulator of the health of individual joint tissues, and the subsequent interaction among these different joint tissues, also known as joint crosstalk. Dissecting the sophisticated function of TGFβ signaling in the synovial joint is key to therapeutically interrogating the pathway to optimize overall joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsyn N Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, CA, 94143, San Francisco, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, CA, 94143, San Francisco, USA.
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Gilbertie JM, Schaer TP, Engiles JB, Seiler GS, Deddens BL, Schubert AG, Jacob ME, Stefanovski D, Ruthel G, Hickok NJ, Stowe DM, Frink A, Schnabel LV. A Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Biologic Clears Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms While Mitigating Cartilage Degeneration and Joint Inflammation in a Clinically Relevant Large Animal Infectious Arthritis Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:895022. [PMID: 35711655 PMCID: PMC9195519 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.895022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of treatment failure in Staphylococcus aureus infections is the development of biofilms. Biofilms are highly tolerant to conventional antibiotics which were developed against planktonic cells. Consequently, there is a lack of antibiofilm agents in the antibiotic development pipeline. To address this problem, we developed a platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-derived biologic, termed BIO-PLY (for the BIOactive fraction of Platelet-rich plasma LYsate) which has potent in vitro bactericidal activity against S. aureus synovial fluid free-floating biofilm aggregates. Additional in vitro studies using equine synoviocytes and chondrocytes showed that BIO-PLY protected these cells of the joint from inflammation. The goal of this study was to test BIO-PLY for in vivo efficacy using an equine model of infectious arthritis. We found that horses experimentally infected with S. aureus and subsequently treated with BIO-PLY combined with the antibiotic amikacin (AMK) had decreased bacterial concentrations within both synovial fluid and synovial tissue and exhibited lower systemic and local inflammatory scores compared to horses treated with AMK alone. Most importantly, AMK+BIO-PLY treatment reduced the loss of infection-associated cartilage proteoglycan content in articular cartilage and decreased synovial tissue fibrosis and inflammation. Our results demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of AMK+BIO-PLY and represents a new approach to restore and potentiate antimicrobial activity against synovial fluid biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Gilbertie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Thomas P. Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Julie B. Engiles
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
- Department of Pathobiology New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Gabriela S. Seiler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Bennett L. Deddens
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alicia G. Schubert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Megan E. Jacob
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Pathobiology New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, United States
| | - Noreen J. Hickok
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Devorah M. Stowe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alexa Frink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lauren V. Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Sanchez-Lopez E, Coras R, Torres A, Lane NE, Guma M. Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:258-275. [PMID: 35165404 PMCID: PMC9050956 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease resulting in joint deterioration. Synovial inflammation is present in the OA joint and has been associated with radiographic and pain progression. Several OA risk factors, including ageing, obesity, trauma and mechanical loading, play a role in OA pathogenesis, likely by modifying synovial biology. In addition, other factors, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, damage-associated molecular patterns, cytokines, metabolites and crystals in the synovium, activate synovial cells and mediate synovial inflammation. An understanding of the activated pathways that are involved in OA-related synovial inflammation could form the basis for the stratification of patients and the development of novel therapeutics. This Review focuses on the biology of the OA synovium, how the cells residing in or recruited to the synovium interact with each other, how they become activated, how they contribute to OA progression and their interplay with other joint structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roxana Coras
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alyssa Torres
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Monica Guma
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- San Diego VA Healthcare Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Batushansky A, Zhu S, Komaravolu RK, South S, Mehta-D'souza P, Griffin TM. Fundamentals of OA. An initiative of Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Obesity and metabolic factors in OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:501-515. [PMID: 34537381 PMCID: PMC8926936 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity was once considered a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) primarily for biomechanical reasons. Here we provide an additional perspective by discussing how obesity also increases OA risk by altering metabolism and inflammation. DESIGN This narrative review is presented in four sections: 1) metabolic syndrome and OA, 2) metabolic biomarkers of OA, 3) evidence for dysregulated chondrocyte metabolism in OA, and 4) metabolic inflammation: joint tissue mediators and mechanisms. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome and its components are strongly associated with OA. However, evidence for a causal relationship is context dependent, varying by joint, gender, diagnostic criteria, and demographics, with additional environmental and genetic interactions yet to be fully defined. Importantly, some aspects of the etiology of obesity-induced OA appear to be distinct between men and women, especially regarding the role of adipose tissue. Metabolomic analyses of serum and synovial fluid have identified potential diagnostic biomarkers of knee OA and prognostic biomarkers of disease progression. Connecting these biomarkers to cellular pathophysiology will require future in vivo studies of joint tissue metabolism. Such studies will help reveal when a metabolic process or a metabolite itself is a causal factor in disease progression. Current evidence points towards impaired chondrocyte metabolic homeostasis and metabolic-immune dysregulation as likely factors connecting obesity to the increased risk of OA. CONCLUSIONS A deeper understanding of how obesity alters metabolic and inflammatory pathways in synovial joint tissues is expected to provide new therapeutic targets and an improved definition of "metabolic" and "obesity" OA phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Batushansky
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - R K Komaravolu
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - S South
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - P Mehta-D'souza
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - T M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Single cell transcriptomics in human osteoarthritis synovium and in silico deconvoluted bulk RNA sequencing. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:475-480. [PMID: 34971754 PMCID: PMC10097426 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To reveal the heterogeneity of different cell types of osteoarthritis (OA) synovial tissues at a single-cell resolution, and determine by novel methodology whether bulk-RNA-seq data could be deconvoluted to create in silico scRNA-seq data for synovial tissue analyses. METHODS OA scRNA-seq data (102,077 synoviocytes) were provided by 17 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty; 9 tissues with matched scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data were used to evaluate six in silico gene deconvolution tools. Predicted and observed cell types and proportions were compared to identify the best deconvolution tool for synovium. RESULTS We identified seven distinct cell types in OA synovial tissues. Gene deconvolution identified three (of six) platforms as suitable for extrapolating cellular gene expression from bulk RNA-seq data. Using paired scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data, an "arthritis" specific signature matrix was created and validated to have a significantly better predictive performance for synoviocytes than a default signature matrix. Use of the machine learning tool, Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts x (CIBERSORTx), to analyze rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and OA bulk RNA-seq data yielded proportions of T cells and fibroblasts that were similar to the gold standard observations from RA and OA scRNA-seq data, respectively. CONCLUSION This novel study revealed heterogeneity of synovial cell types in OA and the feasibility of gene deconvolution for synovial tissue.
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Li M, Yin H, Yan Z, Li H, Wu J, Wang Y, Wei F, Tian G, Ning C, Li H, Gao C, Fu L, Jiang S, Chen M, Sui X, Liu S, Chen Z, Guo Q. The immune microenvironment in cartilage injury and repair. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:23-42. [PMID: 34896634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of articular cartilage to repair itself is limited because it lacks blood vessels, nerves, and lymph tissue. Once damaged, it can lead to joint swelling and pain, accelerating the progression of osteoarthritis. To date, complete regeneration of hyaline cartilage exhibiting mechanical properties remains an elusive goal, despite the many available technologies. The inflammatory milieu created by cartilage damage is critical for chondrocyte death and hypertrophy, extracellular matrix breakdown, ectopic bone formation, and progression of cartilage injury to osteoarthritis. In the inflammatory microenvironment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo aberrant differentiation, and chondrocytes begin to convert or dedifferentiate into cells with a fibroblast phenotype, thereby resulting in fibrocartilage with poor mechanical qualities. All these factors suggest that inflammatory problems may be a major stumbling block to cartilage repair. To produce a milieu conducive to cartilage repair, multi-dimensional management of the joint inflammatory microenvironment in place and time is required. Therefore, this calls for elucidation of the immune microenvironment of cartilage repair after injury. This review provides a brief overview of: (1) the pathogenesis of cartilage injury; (2) immune cells in cartilage injury and repair; (3) effects of inflammatory cytokines on cartilage repair; (4) clinical strategies for treating cartilage defects; and (5) strategies for targeted immunoregulation in cartilage repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immune response is increasingly considered the key factor affecting cartilage repair. It has both negative and positive regulatory effects on the process of regeneration and repair. Proinflammatory factors are secreted in large numbers, and necrotic cartilage is removed. During the repair period, immune cells can secrete anti-inflammatory factors and chondrogenic cytokines, which can inhibit inflammation and promote cartilage repair. However, inflammatory factors persist, which accelerate the degradation of the cartilage matrix. Furthermore, in an inflammatory microenvironment, MSCs undergo abnormal differentiation, and chondrocytes begin to transform or dedifferentiate into fibroblast-like cells, forming fibrocartilage with poor mechanical properties. Consequently, cartilage regeneration requires multi-dimensional regulation of the joint inflammatory microenvironment in space and time to make it conducive to cartilage regeneration.
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58
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Wang D, Chai XQ, Hu SS, Pan F. Joint synovial macrophages as a potential target for intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis-related pain. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:406-415. [PMID: 34861384 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease and is one of the leading causes of chronic pain. Given the multi-factorial nature, numerous efforts have been made to clarify the multiple factors impacting the pain symptoms and joint pathology, including synovial macrophages in particular. Accumulating evidence from studies involving human participants and experimental animal models suggests that accumulating macrophages in synovial tissue are implicated in peripherally mediated pain sensitization of affected joints in osteoarthritis. Crosstalk between synovial macrophages and the innervating primary nociceptive neurons is thought to contribute to this facilitated pain processing by the peripheral nervous system. Due to high plasticity and complexity of synovial macrophages in the joint, safe therapies targeting single cells or molecules are currently lacking. Using advanced technologies (such as single-cell RNA sequencing and mass cytometry), studies have shown that diverse subpopulations of synovial macrophages exist in the distinct synovial microenvironments of specific osteoarthritis subtypes. Considerable progress has been made in delineating the molecular mechanisms of various subsets of synovial macrophages in the development of osteoarthritis. To develop a novel intra-articular treatment paradigm targeting synovial macrophages, we have summarized in this review the recent advances in identifying the functional consequences of synovial macrophage sub-populations and understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving macrophage-mediated remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230001, China.
| | - X-Q Chai
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230001, China.
| | - S-S Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, PR China (Anhui Medical University), Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - F Pan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
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CBX4 Regulates Replicative Senescence of WI-38 Fibroblasts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5503575. [PMID: 35251476 PMCID: PMC8890863 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5503575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by cell cycle arrest and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes. Cellular senescence can be caused by various stress stimuli such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, and telomere attrition and is related to several chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and osteoarthritis. Chromobox homolog 4 (CBX4) has been shown to alleviate cellular senescence in human mesenchymal stem cells and is considered a possible target for senomorphic treatment. Here, we explored whether CBX4 expression is associated with replicative senescence in WI-38 fibroblasts, a classic human senescence model system. We also examined whether and how regulation of CBX4 modifies the senescence phenotype and functions as an antisenescence target in WI-38. During the serial culture of the WI-38 primary fibroblast cell line to a senescent state, we found increased expression of senescence markers, including senescence β-galactosidase (SA-βgal) activity, protein expression of p16, p21, and DPP4, and decreased proliferation marker EdU; moreover, CBX4 protein expression declined. With knockdown of CBX4, SA-βgal activity and p16 protein expression increased, and EdU decreased. With the activation of CBX4, SA-βgal activity, p16, and DPP4 protein decreased. In addition, CBX4 knockdown increased, while CBX4 activation decreased, gene expression of both CDKN2A (encoding the p16 protein) and DPP4. Genes related to DNA damage and cell cycle pathways were regulated by CBX4. These results demonstrate that CBX4 can regulate replicative senescence in a manner consistent with a senomorphic agent.
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Teo KYW, Sevencan C, Cheow YA, Zhang S, Leong DT, Toh WS. Macrophage Polarization as a Facile Strategy to Enhance Efficacy of Macrophage Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles in Osteoarthritis. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristeen Ye Wen Teo
- Faculty of Dentistry National University Centre for Oral Health National University of Singapore 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, #10-01 Singapore 119085 Singapore
| | - Cansu Sevencan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Yi Ann Cheow
- Faculty of Dentistry National University Centre for Oral Health National University of Singapore 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, #10-01 Singapore 119085 Singapore
| | - Shipin Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry National University Centre for Oral Health National University of Singapore 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, #10-01 Singapore 119085 Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program NUS Graduate School National University of Singapore 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119077 Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Faculty of Dentistry National University Centre for Oral Health National University of Singapore 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, #10-01 Singapore 119085 Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program NUS Graduate School National University of Singapore 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore NUHS Tower Block Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119288 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Block 4, #04-08 Singapore 117583 Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 28 Medical Drive Singapore 117456 Singapore
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Del Amo C, Perez-Valle A, Atilano L, Andia I. Unraveling the Signaling Secretome of Platelet-Rich Plasma: Towards a Better Understanding of Its Therapeutic Potential in Knee Osteoarthritis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:473. [PMID: 35159924 PMCID: PMC8836812 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets and their secretory products play an important role in determining the balance between tissue repair and tissue damage. To obtain novel insights into the molecular composition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and contextualize them in knee osteoarthritis (OA), two different plasma formulations, namely PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP), were prepared from six healthy donors following a biobank-automated protocol. Inter-donor differences were analyzed, and pools were created before performing multiplexing protein arrays. In addition, PRP and PPP were prepared from six patients following our in-house protocols. Supernatants from PRP and PPP were harvested one hour after calcium chloride activation. Multiplexing protein arrays were performed in parallel for all plasma formulations. Results were normalized to fold change in relation to PPP and examined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Software. Bioinformatic predictions showed that PRPs constitute a signaling system with interrelated networks of inflammatory and angiogenic proteins, including but not limited to interleukin-6 and -8 (IL-6, IL-8), insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor beta, (TGF-b), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, underlying biological actions. Predictions of canonical systems activated with PRP molecules include various inflammatory pathways, including high-mobility group box protein (HMGB1) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) signaling, neuroinflammation, and nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-κB) pathways. Eventually, according to these predictions and OA evolving knowledge, selected PRP formulations should be tailored to modulate different inflammatory phenotypes, i.e., meta-inflammation, inflame-aging or posttraumatic inflammatory osteoarthritis. However, further research to discriminate the peculiarities of autologous versus allogeneic formulations and their effects on the various OA inflammatory phenotypes is needed to foster PRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Del Amo
- Regenerative Therapies, Bioprinting Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (C.D.A.); (A.P.-V.); (L.A.)
| | - Arantza Perez-Valle
- Regenerative Therapies, Bioprinting Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (C.D.A.); (A.P.-V.); (L.A.)
| | - Leire Atilano
- Regenerative Therapies, Bioprinting Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (C.D.A.); (A.P.-V.); (L.A.)
- Radiology Service, Interventional Ultrasound Unit, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Isabel Andia
- Regenerative Therapies, Bioprinting Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (C.D.A.); (A.P.-V.); (L.A.)
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Jiang J, Zhan X, Liang T, Chen L, Huang S, Sun X, Jiang W, Chen J, Chen T, Li H, Yao Y, Wu S, Zhu J, Liu C. Dysregulation of SAA1, TUBA8 and Monocytes Are Key Factors in Ankylosing Spondylitis With Femoral Head Necrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:814278. [PMID: 35126370 PMCID: PMC8812255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.814278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mechanism of ankylosing spondylitis with femoral head necrosis is unknown, and our study aimed investigate the effects of genetic and immune cell dysregulation on ankylosing spondylitis. Materials and Methods The protein expression of all ligaments in ankylosing spondylitis with femoral head necrosis was obtained using label-free quantification protein park analysis of six pairs of specimens. The possible pathogenesis was explored using differential protein analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, recording intersections with hypoxia-related genes, immune cell correlation analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis. Finally, routine blood test data from 502 AS and 162 healthy controls were collected to examine immune cell differential analysis. Results SAA1 and TUBA8 were significantly expressed differentially in these two groups and correlated quite strongly with macrophage M0 and resting mast cells (P < 0.05). Routine blood data showed that monocytes were significantly more expressed in AS than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). SAA1 and TUBA8 were closely related to the sensitivity of various drugs, which might lead to altered drug sensitivity. Conclusion Dysregulation of SAA1, TUBA8 and monocytes are key factors in ankylosing spondylitis with femoral head necrosis.
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Liu W, Chen Y, Zeng G, Yang S, Yang T, Ma M, Song W. Single-Cell Profiles of Age-Related Osteoarthritis Uncover Underlying Heterogeneity Associated With Disease Progression. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:748360. [PMID: 35083277 PMCID: PMC8784753 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.748360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic degenerative joint disease, which represents the leading cause of age-related disability. Here, this study aimed to depict the intercellular heterogeneity of OA synovial tissues. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were preprocessed and quality controlled by the Seurat package. Cell cluster was presented and cell types were annotated based on the mRNA expression of corresponding marker genes by the SingleR package. Cell-cell communication was assessed among different cell types. After integrating the GSE55235 and GSE55457 datasets, differentially expressed genes were identified between OA and normal synovial tissues. Then, differentially expressed marker genes were overlapped and their biological functions were analyzed. Results: Totally, five immune cell subpopulations were annotated in OA synovial tissues including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, monocytes and B cells. Pseudo-time analysis revealed the underlying evolution process in the inflammatory microenvironment of OA synovial tissue. There was close crosstalk between five cell types according to the ligand-receptor network. The genetic heterogeneity was investigated between OA and normal synovial tissues. Furthermore, functional annotation analysis showed the intercellular heterogeneity across immune cells in OA synovial tissues. Conclusion: This study offered insights into the heterogeneity of OA, which provided in-depth understanding of the transcriptomic diversities within synovial tissue. This transcriptional heterogeneity may improve our understanding on OA pathogenesis and provide potential molecular therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhou Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Weidong Song, ; Mengjun Ma,
| | - Weidong Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weidong Song, ; Mengjun Ma,
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64
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Fu W, Chen S, Yang R, Li C, Gao H, Li J, Zhang X. Cellular features of localized microenvironments in human meniscal degeneration: a single-cell transcriptomic study. eLife 2022; 11:79585. [PMID: 36548025 PMCID: PMC9779791 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal tissue degeneration impairs the life quality and function of many people. Meniscus degeneration is a major origin of knee osteoarthritis and a common threat to athletic ability, but its cellular mechanism remains elusive. Methods We built a cell atlas of 12 healthy or degenerated human meniscus samples from the inner and outer meniscal zones of 8 patients using scRNA-seq to investigate meniscal microenvironment homeostasis and its changes in the degeneration process and verified findings with immunofluorescent imaging. Results We identified and localized cell types in inner and outer meniscus and found new chondrocyte subtypes associated with degeneration. The observations suggested understandings on how cellular compositions, functions, and interactions participated in degeneration, and on the possible loop-like interactions among extracellular matrix disassembly, angiogenesis, and inflammation in driving the degeneration. Conclusions The study provided a rich resource reflecting variations in the meniscal microenvironment during degeneration and suggested new cell subtypes as potential therapeutic targets. The hypothesized mechanism could also be a general model for other joint degenerations. Funding The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81972123, 82172508, 62050178, 61721003), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1200901), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015SCU04A40); The Innovative Spark Project of Sichuan University (2018SCUH0034); Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2020YFH0075); Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau Project (2019-YF05-00090-SN); 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence of West China Hospital Sichuan University (ZYJC21030, ZY2017301); 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence - Clinical Research Incubation Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2019HXFH039).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Sijie Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Runze Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chen Li
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haoxiang Gao
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xuegong Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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65
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Wilkinson DJ, Falconer AMD, Wright HL, Lin H, Yamamoto K, Cheung K, Charlton SH, Arques MDC, Janciauskiene S, Refaie R, Rankin KS, Young DA, Rowan AD. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 is fully activated by neutrophil elastase and inactivates its serpin inhibitor, alpha-1 antitrypsin: Implications for osteoarthritis. FEBS J 2022; 289:121-139. [PMID: 34270864 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is a uniquely important collagenase that promotes the irreversible destruction of cartilage collagen in osteoarthritis (OA). Collagenase activation is a key control point for cartilage breakdown to occur, yet our understanding of the proteinases involved in this process is limited. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a well-described proteoglycan-degrading enzyme which is historically associated with inflammatory arthritis, but more recent evidence suggests a potential role in OA. In this study, we investigated the effect of neutrophil elastase on OA cartilage collagen destruction and collagenase activation. Neutrophil elastase induced significant collagen destruction from human OA cartilage ex vivo, in an MMP-dependent manner. In vitro, neutrophil elastase directly and robustly activated pro-MMP-13, and N-terminal sequencing identified cleavage close to the cysteine switch at 72 MKKPR, ultimately resulting in the fully active form with the neo-N terminus of 85 YNVFP. Mole-per-mole, activation was more potent than by MMP-3, a classical collagenase activator. Elastase was detectable in human OA synovial fluid and OA synovia which displayed histologically graded evidence of synovitis. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that, compared with other tissues, control cartilage exhibited remarkably high transcript levels of the major elastase inhibitor, (AAT) alpha-1 antitrypsin (gene name SERPINA1), but these were reduced in OA. AAT was located predominantly in superficial cartilage zones, and staining enhanced in regions of cartilage damage. Finally, active MMP-13 specifically inactivated AAT by removal of the serine proteinase cleavage/inhibition site. Taken together, this study identifies elastase as a novel activator of pro-MMP-13 that has relevance for cartilage collagen destruction in OA patients with synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wilkinson
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Adrian M D Falconer
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Hua Lin
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Kathleen Cheung
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Sarah H Charlton
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Department of Respiratory Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Ramsay Refaie
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Kenneth S Rankin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Centre for Cancer, UK
| | - David A Young
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Andrew D Rowan
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
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Haubruck P, Pinto MM, Moradi B, Little CB, Gentek R. Monocytes, Macrophages, and Their Potential Niches in Synovial Joints - Therapeutic Targets in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis? Front Immunol 2021; 12:763702. [PMID: 34804052 PMCID: PMC8600114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial joints are complex structures that enable normal locomotion. Following injury, they undergo a series of changes, including a prevalent inflammatory response. This increases the risk for development of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder. In healthy joints, macrophages are the predominant immune cells. They regulate bone turnover, constantly scavenge debris from the joint cavity and, together with synovial fibroblasts, form a protective barrier. Macrophages thus work in concert with the non-hematopoietic stroma. In turn, the stroma provides a scaffold as well as molecular signals for macrophage survival and functional imprinting: “a macrophage niche”. These intricate cellular interactions are susceptible to perturbations like those induced by joint injury. With this review, we explore how the concepts of local tissue niches apply to synovial joints. We introduce the joint micro-anatomy and cellular players, and discuss their potential interactions in healthy joints, with an emphasis on molecular cues underlying their crosstalk and relevance to joint functionality. We then consider how these interactions are perturbed by joint injury and how they may contribute to OA pathogenesis. We conclude by discussing how understanding these changes might help identify novel therapeutic avenues with the potential of restoring joint function and reducing post-traumatic OA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Haubruck
- Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Marlene Magalhaes Pinto
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Babak Moradi
- Clinic of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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67
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Zhang X, Hsueh MF, Huebner JL, Kraus VB. TNF-α Carried by Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Predicts Knee Osteoarthritis Progression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758386. [PMID: 34691080 PMCID: PMC8526961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) associated with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Methods EVs of small (SEV), medium (MEV) and large (LEV) sizes from plasma of OA participants (n=30) and healthy controls (HCs, n=22) were profiled for surface markers and cytokine cargo by high-resolution flow cytometry. The concentrations of cytokines within (endo-) and outside (exo-) EVs were quantified by multiplex ELISA. EV associations with knee radiographic OA (rOA) progression were assessed by multivariable linear regression (adjusted for baseline clinical variables of age, gender, BMI and OA severity) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Based on integrated mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI), baseline plasma MEVs carrying CD56 (corresponding to natural killer cells) predicted rOA progression with highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.714 among surface markers. Baseline iMFI of TNF-α in LEVs, MEVs and SEVs, and the total endo-EV TNF-α concentration, predicted rOA progression with AUCs 0.688, 0.821, 0.821, 0.665, respectively. In contrast, baseline plasma exo-EV TNF-α (the concentration in the same unit of plasma after EV depletion) did not predict rOA progression (AUC 0.478). Baseline endo-EV IFN-γ and exo-EV IL-6 concentrations were also associated with rOA progression, but had low discriminant capacity (AUCs 0.558 and 0.518, respectively). Conclusions Plasma EVs carry pro-inflammatory cargo that predict risk of knee rOA progression. These findings suggest that EV-associated TNF-α may be pathogenic in OA. The sequestration of pathogenic TNF-α within EVs may provide an explanation for the lack of success of systemic TNF-α inhibitors in OA trials to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ming-Feng Hsueh
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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68
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Rousseau JC, Chapurlat R, Garnero P. Soluble biological markers in osteoarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021; 13:1759720X211040300. [PMID: 34616494 PMCID: PMC8488516 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x211040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, markers research has focused on the structural components of cartilage matrix. Specifically, a second generation of degradation markers has been developed against type II collagen neoepitopes generated by specific enzymes. A particular effort has been made to measure the degradation of minor collagens III and X of the cartilage matrix. However, because clinical data, including longitudinal controlled studies, are very scarce, it remains unclear whether they will be useful as an alternative to or in combination with current more established collagen biological markers to assess patients with osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, new approaches using high-throughput technologies allowed to detect new types of markers and improve the knowledge about the metabolic changes linked to OA. The relative advances coming from phenotype research are a first attempt to classify the heterogeneity of OA, and several markers could improve the phenotype characterization. These phenotypes could improve the selection of patients in clinical trials limiting the size of the studies by selecting patients with OA characteristics corresponding to the metabolic pathway targeted by the molecules evaluated. In addition, the inclusion of rapid progressors only in clinical trials would facilitate the demonstration of efficacy of the investigative drug to reduce joint degradation. The combination of selective biochemical markers appears as a promising and cost-effective approach to fulfill this unmet clinical need. Among the various potential roles of biomarkers in OA, their ability to monitor drug efficacy is probably one of the most important, in association with clinical and imaging parameters. Biochemical markers have the unique property to detect changes in joint tissue metabolism within a few weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Rousseau
- INSERM Unit 1033, Pavillon F, Hôpital E. Herriot, 5 Place d’Arsonval, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
- Biochemical Marker Assay Laboratory for Clinical Research (PMO-Lab), Lyon, France
- INSERM 1033, Lyon, France
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- Biochemical Marker Assay Laboratory for Clinical Research (PMO-Lab), Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR 1033, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospice Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Garnero
- Biochemical Marker Assay Laboratory for Clinical Research (PMO-Lab), Lyon, France
- INSERM UMR 1033, Lyon, France
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69
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Kaneva MK. Neutrophil elastase and its inhibitors-overlooked players in osteoarthritis. FEBS J 2021; 289:113-116. [PMID: 34580987 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage homeostasis is maintained by a delicate balance between anabolism and catabolism. In osteoarthritis, pathological biomechanics or injury triggers cartilage breakdown, nonresolving synovial inflammation, and bone changes, causing reduced joint mobility and incapacitating pain. Undoubtedly, the most important cartilage degrading collagenase during osteoarthritis, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, is activated by an unlikely player: neutrophil elastase. Although primarily associated with inflammatory arthritis, neutrophil elastase is present in the osteoarthritic joint, and through activating MMP-13, spurs a cascade of events leading not just to the aberrant destruction of the cartilage itself, but to the proteolysis of its own inhibitor, alpha-1-antitrypsin, as described in the new study by Wilkinson et al. Endowed with potent chondrogenic and cartilage-protective properties, the loss of alpha-1-antitrypsin from cartilage will have major consequences for osteoarthritis progression, and strategies to prevent its loss, or replace it, might provide an innovative treatment opportunity that should not be ignored. Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Kaneva
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (CiTI), Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Kraus VB, Karsdal MA. Osteoarthritis: Current Molecular Biomarkers and the Way Forward. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:329-338. [PMID: 32367210 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate hope of researchers and patients is a pathway to development of treatments for osteoarthritis to modify the disease process in addition to the symptoms. However, development of disease modifying drugs requires objective endpoints such as measures of joint structure, joint tissue homeostasis and/or joint survival-measures such as provided by imaging biomarkers, molecular biomarkers and joint replacement frequency, respectively. Although biomarkers supporting investigational drug use and drug approval include surrogate endpoints that may not necessarily reflect or directly correlate with the clinical outcome of interest, a formal biomarker qualification process currently exists that is a rigorous three stage process that yields biomarker approvals (or denials) for specific contexts of use. From a cost perspective, biochemical biomarkers are the 'ones to beat'; however, even well-validated biomarkers may not cross the translation gaps for eventual use in healthcare unless they offer an advantage in terms of cost per quality adjusted life year. This review summarizes the case FOR and AGAINST biomarkers in drug development and highlights the current data for a subset of biomarkers in the osteoarthritis research field informing on cartilage homeostasis, joint inflammation and altered subchondral bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Byers Kraus
- Division of Rheumatology, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 North Duke St, Box 104775, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Rheumatology, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
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71
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Lohmander LS. Understanding when and how joint injury leads to osteoarthritis. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2021; 3:e611-e612. [PMID: 38287610 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L Stefan Lohmander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
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72
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Alexander LC, McHorse G, Huebner JL, Bay-Jensen AC, Karsdal MA, Kraus VB. A matrix metalloproteinase-generated neoepitope of CRP can identify knee and multi-joint inflammation in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:226. [PMID: 34465395 PMCID: PMC8407005 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare C-reactive protein (CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase-generated neoepitope of CRP (CRPM) as biomarkers of inflammation and radiographic severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS Participants with symptomatic osteoarthritis (n=25) of at least one knee underwent knee radiographic imaging and radionuclide etarfolatide imaging to quantify inflammation of the knees and other appendicular joints. For purposes of statistical analysis, semi-quantitative etarfolatide and radiographic imaging scores were summed across the knees; etarfolatide scores were also summed across all joints to provide a multi-joint synovitis measure. Multiple inflammation and collagen-related biomarkers were measured by ELISA including CRP, CRPM, MMP-generated neoepitopes of type I collagen and type III collagen in serum (n=25), and CD163 in serum (n=25) and synovial fluid (n=18). RESULTS BMI was associated with CRP (p=0.001), but not CRPM (p=0.753). Adjusting for BMI, CRP was associated with radiographic knee osteophyte score (p=0.002), while CRPM was associated with synovitis of the knee (p=0.017), synovitis of multiple joints (p=0.008), and macrophage marker CD163 in serum (p=0.009) and synovial fluid (p=0.03). CRP correlated with MMP-generated neoepitope of type I collagen in serum (p=0.045), and CRPM correlated with MMP-generated neoepitope of type III collagen in serum (p<0.0001). No biomarkers correlated with age, knee pain, or WOMAC pain. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first time that CRPM has been shown to be associated with knee and multi-joint inflammation based on objective imaging (etarfolatide) and biomarker (CD163) measures. These results demonstrate the capability of biomarker measurements to reflect complex biological processes and for neoepitope markers to more distinctly reflect acute processes than their precursor proteins. CRPM is a promising biomarker of local and systemic inflammation in knee OA that is associated with cartilage degradation and is independent of BMI. CRPM is a potential molecular biomarker alternative to etarfolatide imaging for quantitative assessment of joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louie C. Alexander
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, PO Box 104775, Carmichael Building, 300 N. Duke St, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - Grant McHorse
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, PO Box 104775, Carmichael Building, 300 N. Duke St, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - Janet L. Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, PO Box 104775, Carmichael Building, 300 N. Duke St, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | | | | | - Virginia B. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, PO Box 104775, Carmichael Building, 300 N. Duke St, Durham, NC 27701 USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, PO Box 104775, Carmichael Building, 300 N. Duke St, Durham, NC 27701 USA
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Extracellular Vesicles as Biological Indicators and Potential Sources of Autologous Therapeutics in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158351. [PMID: 34361116 PMCID: PMC8347326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with cytokines, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by immune cells in the joint contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. By high-resolution flow cytometry, we characterized 18 surface markers and 4 proinflammatory cytokines carried by EVs of various sizes in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) from individuals with knee OA, with a primary focus on immune cells that play a major role in OA pathogenesis. By multiplex immunoassay, we also measured concentrations of cytokines within (endo) and outside (exo) EVs. EVs carrying HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ were the most enriched subpopulations in SF relative to plasma (25–50-fold higher depending on size), suggesting a major contribution to the SF EV pool from infiltrating immune cells in OA joints. In contrast, the CD34+ medium and small EVs, reflecting hematopoietic stem cells, progenitor cells, and endothelial cells, were the most significantly enriched subpopulations in plasma relative to SF (7.3- and 7.7-fold higher). Ratios of EVs derived from neutrophils and lymphocytes were highly correlated between SF and plasma, indicating that plasma EVs could reflect OA severity and serve as systemic biomarkers of OA joint pathogenesis. Select subsets of plasma EVs might also provide next generation autologous biological products for intra-articular therapy of OA joints.
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74
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Zhao W, Liu Y, Liu K, Tu F, Zhang C, Wang H. Synovial fibroblasts regulate the cytotoxicity and osteoclastogenic activity of synovial natural killer cells through the RANKL‐RANK axis in osteoarthritis. Scand J Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Wuhan No. 1 Hospital Qiaokou District, Wuhan China
| | - Yuanfeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Wuhan No. 1 Hospital Qiaokou District, Wuhan China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Wuhan No. 1 Hospital Qiaokou District, Wuhan China
| | - Feng Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Wuhan No. 1 Hospital Qiaokou District, Wuhan China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Wuhan No. 1 Hospital Qiaokou District, Wuhan China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Wuhan No. 1 Hospital Qiaokou District, Wuhan China
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Alpha defensin-1 attenuates surgically induced osteoarthritis in association with promoting M1 to M2 macrophage polarization. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1048-1059. [PMID: 33892137 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophages play an important part in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Our objective was to determine the effects of α-defensin-1 on macrophage polarization and consequently OA. METHODS OA synovial tissue and synovial fluid were assessed for the presence of M1 (CD68+CD16+CD206-) and M2 (CD68+CD206+CD16-) macrophages by flow cytometry. M0, M1, and M2 macrophages were co-cultured with OA chondrocytes to determine their influence on chondrogenic phenotype. Polarization of THP-1 activated monocytes from M1 to M2 in response to α-defensin-1 was evaluated by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and RNA sequencing. Effects of intra-articular α-defensin-1 in vivo were evaluated in a rat meniscal/ligamentous injury (MLI) model. RESULTS The quantity of M1 exceeded M2 polarized macrophages in human OA synovial tissue (mean difference 26.1% [13.6-38.6%], P < 0.001) and fluid (mean difference 10.5% [5.0-16.1%], P = 0.003). M1 to M2 polarization in vitro was most effectively promoted with 10 ng/mL α-defensin-1. Compared with untreated macrophages, the α-defensin-1 polarized macrophages modified co-cultured OA chondrocytes from a pro-catabolic state to a pro-anabolic (regenerative-like) state based on expression of COL2A1, ACN, MMP3, MMP13 and ADAMTS5. Intra-articular α-defensin-1 decreased severity of cartilage damage and synovitis in the MLI rat model. RNAseq analyses suggested insulin and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in the chondroprotective α-defensin-1 mechanism of action. CONCLUSION α-defensin-1 promotes M1 to M2 macrophage polarization in vitro, has beneficial effects on chondrocytes indirectly via M2 macrophage polarization, and attenuates the severity of OA in vivo, suggesting it might be a candidate treatment for OA.
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Li PL, Wang YX, Zhao ZD, Li ZL, Liang JW, Wang Q, Yin BF, Hao RC, Han MY, Ding L, Wu CT, Zhu H. Clinical-grade human dental pulp stem cells suppressed the activation of osteoarthritic macrophages and attenuated cartilaginous damage in a rabbit osteoarthritis model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:260. [PMID: 33933140 PMCID: PMC8088312 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although increasing evidence has demonstrated that human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are efficacious for the clinical treatment of skeletal disorders, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative disorders in joints and is characterized by gradual and irreversible cartilaginous tissue damage. Notably, immune factors were newly identified to be closely related to OA development. In this study, we explored the modulatory effects of clinical-grade hDPSCs on osteoarthritic macrophages and their protective effects on cartilaginous tissues in OA joints. METHODS The cell morphology, immunophenotype, and inflammatory factor expression of osteoarthritic macrophages were explored by phase contrast microscope, transmission electron microscopy, immunostaining, flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Additionally, the factors and signaling pathways that suppressed macrophage activation by hDPSCs were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western-blotting. Furthermore, hDPSCs were administered to a rabbit knee OA model via intra-articular injection. Macrophage activation in vivo and cartilaginous tissue damage were also evaluated by pathological analysis. RESULTS We found that hDPSCs markedly inhibited osteoarthritic macrophage activation in vitro. The cell morphology, immunophenotype, and inflammatory factor expression of osteoarthritic macrophages changed into less inflammatory status in the presence of hDPSCs. Mechanistically, we observed that hDPSC-derived hepatocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 mediated the suppressive effects on osteoarthritic macrophages. Moreover, phosphorylation of MAPK pathway proteins contributed to osteoarthritic macrophage activation, and hDPSCs suppressed their activation by partially inactivating those pathways. Most importantly, injected hDPSCs inhibited macrophage activation in osteochondral tissues in a rabbit knee OA model in vivo. Further histological analysis showed that hDPSCs alleviated cartilaginous damage to knee joints. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings reveal a novel function for hDPSCs in suppressing osteoarthritic macrophages and suggest that macrophages are efficient cellular targets of hDPSCs for alleviation of cartilaginous damage in OA. hDPSCs treat OA via an osteoarthritic macrophages-dependent mechanisms. hDPSCs suppress the activation of osteoarthritic macrophages in vitro and in vivo and alleviate cartilaginous lesions in OA models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lin Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wu Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Feng Yin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Cong Hao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shu Shan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yue Han
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shu Shan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China.
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
| | - Heng Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P. R. China.
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shu Shan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, P. R. China.
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