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Kim MS, Lee S, Yun S, Suh PG, Park J, Cui M, Choi S, Cha SS, Jin W. Inhibitory effect of tartrate against phosphate-induced DJ-1 aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1650-1658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Quach HP, Noh K, Hoi SY, Bruinsma A, Groothuis GMM, Li AP, Chow ECY, Pang KS. Alterations in gene expression in vitamin D-deficiency: Down-regulation of liver Cyp7a1 and renal Oat3 in mice. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018; 39:99-115. [PMID: 29243851 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D-deficient model, established in the C57BL/6 mouse after 8 weeks of feeding vitamin D-deficient diets in the absence or presence of added calcium, was found associated with elevated levels of plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and plasma and liver cholesterol, and a reduction in cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1, rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol metabolism) and renal Oat3 mRNA/protein expression levels. However, there was no change in plasma calcium and phosphate levels. Appraisal of the liver revealed an up-regulation of mRNA expressions of the small heterodimer partner (Shp) and attenuation of Cyp7a1, which contributed to hypercholesterolemia in vitamin D-deficiency. When vitamin D-sufficient or D-deficient mice were further rendered hypercholesterolemic with 3 weeks of feeding the respective, high fat/high cholesterol (HF/HC) diets, treatment with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3 ], active vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand, or vitamin D (cholecalciferol) to HF/HC vitamin D-deficient mice lowered the cholesterol back to baseline levels. Cholecalciferol treatment partially restored renal Oat3 mRNA/protein expression back to that of vitamin D-sufficient mice. When the protein expression of protein kinase C (PKC), a known, negative regulator of Oat3, was examined in murine kidney, no difference in PKC expression was observed for any of the diets with/without 1,25(OH)2 D3 /cholecalciferol treatment, inferring that VDR regulation of renal Oat3 did not involve PKC in mice. As expected, plasma calcium levels were not elevated by cholecalciferol treatment of vitamin D-deficient mice, while 1,25(OH)2 D3 treatment led to hypercalcemia. In conclusion, vitamin D-deficiency resulted in down-regulation of liver Cyp7a1 and renal Oat3, conditions that are alleviated upon replenishment of cholecalciferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly P Quach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3M2
| | - Keumhan Noh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3M2
| | - Stacie Y Hoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3M2
| | - Adrie Bruinsma
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 9713, AV
| | - Geny M M Groothuis
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 9713, AV
| | - Albert P Li
- In Vitro ADMET Laboratories, Columbia, Maryland, USA, 21045
| | - Edwin C Y Chow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3M2
| | - K Sandy Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3M2
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Hayward N, McGovern A, de Lusignan S, Cole N, Hinton W, Jones S. U-shaped relationship between serum phosphate and cardiovascular risk: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184774. [PMID: 29117214 PMCID: PMC5695582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High serum phosphate is associated with coronary artery disease in patients with normal and impaired renal function. We asked: Does the serum phosphate range provide prediction of primary cardiac events? We extracted coded primary care data for over 100,000 patients from a database of 135 primary medical practices. Patients aged between 18 and 90 years without pre-existing cardiovascular diagnoses were included from a potential sample of over 1·2 million individuals. Methods and findings Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate the contribution of QRISK factors and electrolytes, including serum phosphate, to cardiac outcomes at five and nine years following an initial phosphate measurement. At five-year review (n = 113,993), low serum phosphate (OR 1·75, 95%CI 1·36–2·23, p<0·001), high-normal (OR 1·50, 95%CI 1·29–1·74, p<0·001), and high serum phosphate (OR 1·74, 95%CI 1·06–2·70, p = 0·02) were long-term risk factors for primary cardiac disease events after adjusting for confounding variables. A similar pattern was seen at our nine-year review. Conclusions The extremes of serum phosphate may confer cardiac event risk with a U-shaped trend. In particular, we raise new cardiac concerns for low serum phosphate in the general population. Also, the normal range for phosphate may require redefinition among healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hayward
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew McGovern
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Cole
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - William Hinton
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Jones
- Department of Healthcare Management and Policy, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Center for Healthcare Innovation and Delivery Science, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Barron LJ, Barron RF, Johnson JCS, Wagner I, Ward CJB, Ward SRB, Barron FM, Ward WK. A retrospective analysis of biochemical and haematological parameters in patients with eating disorders. J Eat Disord 2017; 5:32. [PMID: 29026589 PMCID: PMC5623971 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-017-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to determine whether levels of biochemical and haematological parameters in patients with eating disorders (EDs) varied from the general population. Whilst dietary restrictions can lead to nutritional deficiencies, specific abnormalities may be relevant to the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of EDs. METHODS With ethics approval and informed consent, a retrospective chart audit was conducted of 113 patients with EDs at a general practice in Brisbane, Australia. This was analysed first as a total group (TG) and then in 4 ED subgroups: Anorexia nervosa (AN), Bulimia nervosa (BN), ED Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS), and AN/BN. Eighteen parameters were assessed at or near first presentation: cholesterol, folate, vitamin B12, magnesium, manganese, zinc, calcium, potassium, urate, sodium, albumin, phosphate, ferritin, vitamin D, white cell count, neutrophils, red cell count and platelets. Results were analysed using IBM SPSS 21 and Microsoft Excel 2013 by two-tailed, one-sample t-tests (TG and 4 subgroups) and chi-square tests (TG only) and compared to the population mean standards. Results for the TG and each subgroup individually were then compared with the known reference interval (RI). RESULTS For the total sample, t-tests showed significant differences for all parameters (p < 0.05) except cholesterol. Most parameters gave results below population levels, but folate, phosphate, albumin, calcium and vitamin B12 were above. More patients than expected were below the RI for most parameters in the TG and subgroups. CONCLUSIONS At diagnosis, in patients with EDs, there are often significant differences in multiple haematological and biochemical parameters. Early identification of these abnormalities may provide additional avenues of ED treatment through supplementation and dietary guidance, and may be used to reinforce negative impacts on health caused by the ED to the patient, their family and their treatment team (general practitioner, dietitian and mental health professionals). Study data would support routine measurement of a full blood count and electrolytes, phosphate, magnesium, liver function tests, ferritin, vitamin B12, red cell folate, vitamin D, manganese and zinc for all patients at first presentation with an ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne J. Barron
- Brisbane City Doctors Medical Practice, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Eating Disorders Multidisciplinary Clinic, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Robert F. Barron
- Riverina-Murray Institute of Higher Education, Wagga Wagga, NSW Australia
| | | | - Ingrid Wagner
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Cameron J. B. Ward
- Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Mater Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Paediatric Cardiac Research Group, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Warren K. Ward
- Eating Disorders Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
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Abstract
Rodents consume solutions of phosphates and pyrophosphates in preference to water. Recently, we found that the preference for trisodium pyrophosphate (Na3HP2O7) was greater in T1R3 knockout (KO) mice than wild-type (WT) controls, suggesting that T1R3 is a pyrophosphate detector. We now show that this heightened Na3HP2O7 preference of T1R3 KO mice extends to disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4), disodium and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2PO4 and Na4H2PO4), a tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10), a non-sodium phosphate [(NH4)2HPO4], and a non-sodium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7) but not to non-P salts with large anions (sodium gluconate, acetate, or propionate). Licking rates for Na3HP2O7 are higher in T1R2 KO mice than WT controls; Na3HP2O7 preference scores are increased even more in T1R2 KO mice and T1R2+T1R3 double KO mice than in T1R3 KO mice; preference scores for Na3HP2O7 are normal in T1R1 KO mice. These results implicate each subunit of the T1R2+T1R3 dimer in the behavioral response to P-containing taste compounds.
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Abstract
The discovery of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has provided a more complete understanding of the regulation of phosphate and mineral homeostasis in health and in chronic kidney disease. It has also offered new insights into stratification of risk of cardiovascular events and death among patients with chronic kidney disease and the general population. In this review, we provide an overview of FGF23 biology and physiology, summarize clinical outcomes that have been associated with FGF23, discuss potential mechanisms for these observations and their public health implications, and explore clinical and population health interventions that aim to reduce FGF23 levels and improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Pool
- Center for Translational Health and Metabolism, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611;
| | - Myles Wolf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27703;
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Kerry J, Mansell H, Elmoselhi H, Moser M, Shoker A. Interaction of Serum Phosphate with Age as Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients. Int J Angiol 2017; 26:102-108. [PMID: 28566936 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We calculated rate of changes in the cardiovascular risk calculator for renal transplant recipients (CRCRTR) major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in clinically stable renal transplant recipients (RTRs) to identify covariables that associate with fast cardiovascular (CV) risk progression. CRCRTR-MACE scores were calculated on 139 patients in 2011 and 2014. Score changes above and below median changes in scores were labeled fast or slow CV risk progression. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed to identify variables significant to percentage changes in scores. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to define sensitivity and specificity of factors significant to fast score progression. Follow-up was 2.61 (2.02-4.47) years. Slow and fast progressions were present in 50.4 and 49.6% of patients, with a median change of 25.8% (- 92.1 to 1,444.7%). MVA showed percentage changes in age and serum phosphate were the only significant variables impacting fast progression in scores. ROC showed 2011 serum phosphate of 1.15 mmol/L to predict fast progression (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.628, p > 0.0126). Age older than 45 years combined with 2011 serum phosphate above 1.15 mmol/L had a significant AUC of 0.781, p < 0.0010 interleukin (IL)-1A and IL-28A were significant associates with serum phosphate above 1.1 mmol/L in the MVA. Changes in CV risk in RTR over time are highly variable. Serum phosphate, even within upper normal levels, predicts worsening of CV risk scores in stable RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Kerry
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Holly Mansell
- College of Pharmacy and and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hamdi Elmoselhi
- Saskatchewan Transplant Program, Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mike Moser
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Saskatchewan Transplant Program, Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ahmed Shoker
- Saskatchewan Transplant Program, Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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58
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Lei Z, Fu Y, Xu P, Zheng Y, Zhou C. Effects of l -arginine on the physicochemical and gel properties of chicken actomyosin. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:1258-1265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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59
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Nguyen TT, Quan X, Xu S, Das R, Cha SK, Kong ID, Shong M, Wollheim CB, Park KS. Intracellular alkalinization by phosphate uptake via type III sodium-phosphate cotransporter participates in high-phosphate-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and defective insulin secretion. FASEB J 2016; 30:3979-3988. [PMID: 27565711 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600455rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi) are harmful, causing, among other complications, vascular calcification and defective insulin secretion. The underlying molecular mechanisms of these complications remain poorly understood. We demonstrated the role of Pi transport across the plasmalemma on Pi toxicity in INS-1E rat clonal β cells and rat pancreatic islet cells. Type III sodium-phosphate cotransporters (NaPis) are the predominant Pi transporters expressed in insulin-secreting cells. Transcript and protein levels of sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 and 2 (PiT-1 and -2), isotypes of type III NaPi, were up-regulated by high-Pi incubation. In patch-clamp experiments, extracellular Pi elicited a Na+-dependent, inwardly rectifying current, which was markedly reduced under acidic extracellular conditions. Cellular uptake of Pi elicited cytosolic alkalinization; intriguingly, this pH change facilitated Pi transport into the mitochondrial matrix. Increased mitochondrial Pi uptake accelerated superoxide generation, mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated translational attenuation, leading to reduced insulin content and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Silencing of PiT-1/2 prevented Pi-induced superoxide generation and mPT, and restored insulin secretion. We propose that Pi transport across the plasma membrane and consequent cytosolic alkalinization could be a therapeutic target for protection from Pi toxicity in insulin-secreting cells, as well as in other cell types.-Nguyen, T. T., Quan, X., Xu, S., Das, R., Cha, S.-K., Kong, I. D., Shong, M., Wollheim, C. B., Park, K.-S. Intracellular alkalinization by phosphate uptake via type III sodium-phosphate cotransporter participates in high-phosphate-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and defective insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyet Thi Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Tan-Tao University College of Medicine, Long An, Vietnam
| | - Xianglan Quan
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Shanhua Xu
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ranjan Das
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea.,Mitohormesis Translational Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea; and
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea; .,Mitohormesis Translational Research Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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Veum TL, Raboy V. Hulled and hull-less barley grains with the genetic trait for low-phytic acid increased the apparent total-tract digestibility of phosphorus and calcium in diets for young swine. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1000-11. [PMID: 27065262 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 35-d experiment was conducted using 63 crossbred pigs (35 barrows and 28 gilts) with an initial average BW of 7.0 kg and age of 28 d to evaluate the efficacy of the low-phytic acid (LPA) genetic trait in hulled or hull-less barley in isocaloric diets. Hulled barleys were the normal barley (NB) cultivar Harrington and the near-isogenic LPA mutant 955 (M955) with P availabilities of 36 and 95%, respectively. Hull-less lines were produced by crossing NB and the LPA mutant 422 line with a hull-less line, producing hull-less NB (HNB) and hull-less mutant 422 (HM422) with P availabilities of 41 and 66%, respectively. Pigs were in individual metabolism cages or pens for Phase 1 (d 0 to 14) and Phase 2 (d 14 to 35). Diets defined as NB, HNB, HM422, or M955 with no added inorganic P (iP) had available P (aP) concentrations of 0.27, 0.28, 0.35, and 0.40% for Phase 1 and 0.15, 0.17, 0.23, and 0.31% for Phase 2, respectively. Only diet M955 was adequate in aP. Therefore, iP was added to the P-deficient diets to make diets NB + iP, HNB + iP, and HM422 + iP with aP equal to that in diet M955. Overall (d 0 to 35), ADG and G:F were greater ( < 0.01) for pigs fed diet M955 or the diets with added iP than for pigs fed the NB diet. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity on d 34 was greater ( < 0.01) for pigs fed the NB or HNB diets than for pigs fed the other diets. Bone breaking strength and P absorption (g/d) were greater ( < 0.01) for pigs fed diet M955 or the diets with iP than for pigs fed the NB or HNB diets. Pigs fed diet M955 absorbed greater ( < 0.01) percentages of P and Ca and had less ( < 0.01) fecal excretion of P (g/d and %) and Ca (%) than pigs fed the other diets. In conclusion, the LPA genetic trait was effective in hulled and hull-less barley in isocaloric diets fed to young pigs. Pigs fed the diet with LPA M955 consumed 31% less P and excreted 78% less fecal P and 30% less fecal Ca than pigs fed the diet with NB + iP that was equal to diet M955 in aP. Therefore, LPA barley, especially M955 with 95% aP, will reduce the use of iP in swine diets, reduce P pollution from swine manure, and support the goal of achieving global P sustainability.
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Chen FY, Yi JW, Gu ZJ, Tang BB, Li JQ, Li L, Kulkarni P, Liu L, Mason RP, Tang Q. Inorganic phosphate-triggered release of anti-cancer arsenic trioxide from a self-delivery system: an in vitro and in vivo study. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6094-6100. [PMID: 26932298 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00536e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
On-demand drug delivery is becoming feasible via the design of either exogenous or endogenous stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems. Herein we report the development of gadolinium arsenite nanoparticles as a self-delivery platform to store, deliver and release arsenic trioxide (ATO, Trisenox), a clinical anti-cancer drug. Specifically, unloading of the small molecule drug is triggered by an endogenous stimulus: inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the blood, fluid, and soft or hard tissue. Kinetics in vitro demonstrated that ATO is released with high ON/OFF specificity and no leakage was observed in the silent state. The nanoparticles induced tumor cell apoptosis, and reduced cancer cell migration and invasion. Plasma pharmacokinetics verified extended retention time, but no obvious disturbance of phosphate balance. Therapeutic efficacy on a liver cancer xenograft mouse model was dramatically potentiated with reduced toxicity compared to the free drug. These results suggest a new drug delivery strategy which might be applied for ATO therapy on solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-yan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Jing-wei Yi
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Zhe-jia Gu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Bin-bing Tang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-qi Li
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Padmakar Kulkarni
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Qun Tang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China. and Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Otero TMN, Canales C, Yeh DD, Johnson EA, Harrison TM, Belcher D, Quraishi SA. Association of Serum Phosphate Levels and Anemia in Critically Ill Surgical Patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 41:986-992. [PMID: 26838527 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115626415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deranged serum phosphate (Phos) levels are associated with anemia in hospitalized patients, but their relevance to critical illness is unclear. Therefore, our goal was to investigate whether abnormal Phos on admission to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with anemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of data from an ongoing study of nutrition in critical illness. Serum Phos and hemoglobin levels were obtained at ICU admission. Normal Phos was defined as 2.5-4.0 mg/dL. To investigate the association between Phos and anemia, we performed logistic regression analyses, while controlling for age, sex, race, body mass index, Nutrition Risk Screening score, Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index, creatinine, mean corpuscular volume, and serum albumin. RESULTS In total, 510 patients comprised the analytic cohort; 62% were anemic, 30% had Phos >4.0 mg/dL, and 14% had levels <2.5 mg/dL. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated each unit increment in Phos was associated with a 25% higher likelihood of anemia (odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.50). Moreover, patients with Phos >4.0 mg/dL had a 68% higher likelihood of anemia compared with those with normal levels (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.02-2.80). Patients with Phos <2.5 mg/dL were not more likely to be anemic compared with those with normal levels. CONCLUSION Surgical ICU patients with admission Phos >4.0 mg/dL are more likely to be anemic compared with those with normal levels. Our findings support the need for studies to determine whether globally maintaining optimal Phos reduces the likelihood of anemia and whether ideal Phos during acute care hospitalization influences clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M N Otero
- 1 Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,2 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cecilia Canales
- 2 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,3 University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - D Dante Yeh
- 4 Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,5 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily A Johnson
- 6 Department of Nursing, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tara M Harrison
- 6 Department of Nursing, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donna Belcher
- 7 Department of Nutrition and Food Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sadeq A Quraishi
- 2 Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,5 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sapio L, Naviglio S. Inorganic phosphate in the development and treatment of cancer: A Janus Bifrons? World J Clin Oncol 2015; 6:198-201. [PMID: 26677430 PMCID: PMC4675902 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v6.i6.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient to living organisms. It is required as a component of the energy metabolism, kinase/phosphatase signaling and in the formation and function of lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids and, at systemic level, it plays a key role for normal skeletal and dentin mineralization. Pi represents an abundant dietary element and its intestinal absorption is efficient, minimally regulated and typically extends to approximately 70%. Maintenance of proper Pi homeostasis is a critical event and serum Pi level is maintained within a narrow range through an elaborate network of humoral interactions and feedback loops involving intestine, kidney, parathyroid gland and bone, and depends on the activity of a number of hormones, including parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, and fibroblast growth factor 23 as major regulators of Pi homeostasis. Notably, Pi intake seemingly continues to increase as a consequence of chronic high-phosphorus (P) diets deriving from the growing consumption of highly processed foods, especially restaurant meals, fast foods, and convenience foods. Several recent reports have generated significant associations between high-P intake or high-serum Pi concentration and morbidity and mortality. Many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity and even cancer have been proposed to be associated with high-P intakes and high-serum Pi concentrations. On the other hand, there is also evidence that Pi can have antiproliferative effects on some cancer cell types, depending on cell status and genetic background and achieve additive cytotoxic effects when combined with doxorubicin, illustrating its potential for clinical applications and suggesting that up-regulating Pi levels at local sites for brief times, might contribute to the development of novel and cheap modalities for therapeutic intervention in some tumours. Overall, the influence of Pi on cell function and the possible relationship to cancer have to be fully understood and investigated further.
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Murray RD, Merchant ML, Hardin E, Clark B, Khundmiri SJ, Lederer ED. Identification of an RNA-binding protein that is phosphorylated by PTH and potentially mediates PTH-induced destabilization of Npt2a mRNA. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C205-15. [PMID: 26834145 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00192.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key regulator of the expression and function of the type IIa sodium-phosphate cotransporter (Npt2a), the protein responsible for regulated renal phosphate reabsorption. We previously showed that PTH induces rapid decay of Npt2a mRNA through posttranscriptional mechanisms. We hypothesized that PTH-induced changes in RNA-binding protein (RBP) activity mediate the degradation of Npt2a mRNA. To address this aim, we treated opossum kidney (OK) cells, a PTH-sensitive proximal tubule cell culture model, with 100 nM PTH for 30 min and 2 h, followed by mass spectrometry characterization of the PTH-stimulated phosphoproteome. We identified 1,182 proteins differentially phosphorylated in response to PTH, including 68 RBPs. Preliminary analysis identified a phospho-RBP, hnRNPK-homology-type-splicing regulatory protein (KSRP), with predicted binding sites for the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of Npt2a mRNA. Western blot analysis confirmed expression of KSRP in OK cells and showed PTH-dependent translocation to the nucleus. Immunoprecipitation of KSRP from control and PTH-treated cells followed by RNA isolation and RT-quantitative PCR analysis identified Npt2a mRNA from both control and PTH-treated KSRP pulldowns. Knockdown of KSRP followed by PTH treatment showed that KSRP is required for mediating PTH-stimulated reduction in sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 mRNA, but not Npt2a mRNA. We conclude that 1) PTH is a major regulator of both transcription and translation, and 2) KSRP binds Npt2a mRNA but its role in PTH regulation of Npt2a mRNA is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D Murray
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Medicine/Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Michael L Merchant
- Department of Medicine/Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ericka Hardin
- Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky; and
| | - Barbara Clark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Syed J Khundmiri
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Medicine/Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Eleanor D Lederer
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Medicine/Kidney Disease Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky;
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Fujita T, Yamashita D, Irino Y, Kitamoto J, Fukuda Y, Inokuchi G, Hasegawa S, Otsuki N, Yoshida M, Nibu KI. Metabolomic profiling in inner ear fluid by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in guinea pig cochlea. Neurosci Lett 2015; 606:188-93. [PMID: 26343935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The composition and homeostasis of inner ear fluids are important in hearing function. The purpose of this study was to perform metabolomic analysis of the inner ear fluid in guinea pig cochlea, which has not been previously reported in literature, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Seventy-seven kinds of metabolites were detected in the inner ear fluid. Six metabolites, ascorbic acid, fructose, galactosamine, inositol, pyruvate+oxaloacetic acid, and meso-erythritol, were significantly more abundant, and nine metabolites, phosphate, valine, glycine, glycerol, ornithine, glucose, citric acid+isocitric acid, mannose, and trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, were less abundant in the inner ear fluid than in plasma. The levels of ten metabolites, 3-hydroxy-butyrate, glycerol, fumaric acid, galactosamine, pyruvate+oxaloacetic acid, phosphate, meso-erythritol, citric acid+isocitric acid, mannose, and inositol, in the inner ear fluid significantly changed after loud noise exposure. These observations may help to elucidate various clinical conditions of sensorineural hearing loss, including noise-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Irino
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Junko Kitamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuriko Fukuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Go Inokuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shingo Hasegawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoki Otsuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan; Division of Metabolomics Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nibu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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66
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Sapio L, Sorvillo L, Illiano M, Chiosi E, Spina A, Naviglio S. Inorganic Phosphate Prevents Erk1/2 and Stat3 Activation and Improves Sensitivity to Doxorubicin of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:15910-15928. [PMID: 26340617 PMCID: PMC6332303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200915910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its expression profile, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is refractory to the most effective targeted therapies available for breast cancer treatment. Thus, cytotoxic chemotherapy represents the mainstay of treatment for early and metastatic TNBC. Therefore, it would be greatly beneficial to develop therapeutic approaches that cause TNBC cells to increase their sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is emerging as an important signaling molecule in many cell types. Interestingly, it has been shown that Pi greatly enhances the sensitivity of human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) to doxorubicin. We investigated the effects of Pi on the sensitivity of TNBC cells to doxorubicin and the underlying molecular mechanisms, carrying out flow cytometry-based assays of cell-cycle progression and cell death, MTT assays, direct cell number counting and immunoblotting experiments. We report that Pi inhibits the proliferation of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells mainly by slowing down cell cycle progression. Interestingly, we found that Pi strongly increases doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells by apoptosis induction, as revealed by a marked increase of sub-G1 population, Bcl-2 downregulation, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Remarkably, Pi/doxorubicin combination-induced cytotoxicity was dynamically accompanied by profound changes in Erk1/2 and Stat3 protein and phosphorylation levels. Altogether, our data enforce the evidence of Pi acting as a signaling molecule in MDA-MB-231 cells, capable of inhibiting Erk and Stat3 pathways and inducing sensitization to doxorubicin of TNBC cells, and suggest that targeting Pi levels at local sites might represent the rationale for developing effective and inexpensive strategies for improving triple-negative breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Sapio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Sorvillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Michela Illiano
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emilio Chiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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67
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Zhou YY, Ji XF, Fu JP, Zhu XJ, Li RH, Mu CK, Wang CL, Song WW. Gene Transcriptional and Metabolic Profile Changes in Mimetic Aging Mice Induced by D-Galactose. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132088. [PMID: 26176541 PMCID: PMC4503422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
D-galactose injection has been shown to induce many changes in mice that represent accelerated aging. This mouse model has been widely used for pharmacological studies of anti-aging agents. The underlying mechanism of D-galactose induced aging remains unclear, however, it appears to relate to glucose and 1ipid metabolic disorders. Currently, there has yet to be a study that focuses on investigating gene expression changes in D-galactose aging mice. In this study, integrated analysis of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabonomics and gene expression profiles was used to investigate the changes in transcriptional and metabolic profiles in mimetic aging mice injected with D-galactose. Our findings demonstrated that 48 mRNAs were differentially expressed between control and D-galactose mice, and 51 potential biomarkers were identified at the metabolic level. The effects of D-galactose on aging could be attributed to glucose and 1ipid metabolic disorders, oxidative damage, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), reduction in abnormal substance elimination, cell apoptosis, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian-Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rong-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chang-Kao Mu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- * E-mail: (WWS); (CLW)
| | - Wei-Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- * E-mail: (WWS); (CLW)
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68
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Burns MJ, Rayner PJ, Green GGR, Highton LAR, Mewis RE, Duckett SB. Improving the hyperpolarization of (31)P nuclei by synthetic design. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5020-7. [PMID: 25811635 PMCID: PMC4428009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Traditional 31P NMR or
MRI measurements suffer from
low sensitivity relative to 1H detection and consequently
require longer scan times. We show here that hyperpolarization of 31P nuclei through reversible interactions with parahydrogen can deliver substantial signal enhancements in a range of
regioisomeric phosphonate esters containing a heteroaromatic motif
which were synthesized in order to identify the optimum molecular
scaffold for polarization transfer. A 3588-fold 31P signal
enhancement (2.34% polarization) was returned for a partially deuterated
pyridyl substituted phosphonate ester. This hyperpolarization level
is sufficient to allow single scan 31P MR images of a phantom
to be recorded at a 9.4 T observation field in seconds that have signal-to-noise
ratios of up to 94.4 when the analyte concentration is 10 mM. In contrast,
a 12 h 2048 scan measurement under standard conditions yields a signal-to-noise
ratio of just 11.4. 31P-hyperpolarized images are also
reported from a 7 T preclinical scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Burns
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Gary G R Green
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A R Highton
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
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69
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Sun ST, Jiang L, Liu J, Heine N, Yacovitch TI, Wende T, Asmis KR, Neumark DM, Liu ZF. Microhydrated dihydrogen phosphate clusters probed by gas phase vibrational spectroscopy and first principles calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25714-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report infrared multiple photon dissociation spectra of cryogenically-cooled H2PO4−(H2O)n anions (n = 2–12) in the spectral range of the stretching and bending modes of the solute anion (600–1800 cm−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Tian Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
| | - J.W. Liu
- National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Nadja Heine
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Torsten Wende
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- D-14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Knut R. Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- D-04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
| | - Zhi-Feng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation
- Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- China
- Shenzhen Research Institute
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70
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Sreenivasu Mummidivarapu VV, Hinge VK, Rao CP. Interaction of a dinuclear fluorescent Cd(ii) complex of calix[4]arene conjugate with phosphates and its applicability in cell imaging. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1130-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A structurally characterized dinuclear fluorescent Cd(ii) complex of calix[4]arene exhibits selective quenching only in the presence of phosphates among the twenty anions studied, and the quenching is highest in the case of H2PO4−.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijaya Kumar Hinge
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
| | - Chebrolu Pulla Rao
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering
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71
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D. Murray R, D. Lederer E, J. Khundmiri S. Role of PTH in the Renal Handling of Phosphate. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2015.3.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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72
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Ikeda S, Yamamoto H, Masuda M, Takei Y, Nakahashi O, Kozai M, Tanaka S, Nakao M, Taketani Y, Segawa H, Iwano M, Miyamoto KI, Takeda E. Downregulation of renal type IIa sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F744-50. [PMID: 24500689 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00474.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The type IIa sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (Npt2a) plays a critical role in reabsorption of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by renal proximal tubular cells. Pi abnormalities during early stages of sepsis have been reported, but the mechanisms regulating Pi homeostasis during acute inflammation are poorly understood. We examined the regulation of Pi metabolism and renal Npt2a expression during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mice. Dose-response and time-course studies with LPS showed significant increases of plasma Pi and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels and renal Pi excretion, while renal calcium excretion was significantly decreased. There was no difference in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, but the induction of plasma intact fibroblast growth factor 23 levels peaked 3 h after LPS treatment. Western blotting, immunostaining, and quantitative real-time PCR showed that LPS administration significantly decreased Npt2a protein expression in the brush border membrane (BBM) 3 h after injection, but there was no change in renal Npt2a mRNA levels. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-α injection also increased plasma iPTH and decreased renal BBM Npt2a expression. Importantly, we revealed that parathyroidectomized rats had impaired renal Pi excretion and BBM Npt2a expression in response to LPS. These results suggest that the downregulation of Npt2a expression in renal BBM through induction of plasma iPTH levels alter Pi homeostasis during LPS-induced acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Ikeda
- Dept. of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jin-ai Univ., Ohde-cho 3-1-1, Echizen city, Fukui 915-8586, Japan.
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73
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van Angelen AA, San-Cristobal P, Pulskens WP, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ. The impact of dietary magnesium restriction on magnesiotropic and calciotropic genes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:2983-93. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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74
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Zhao B, Wang K, Zhao J, Luo Y. Serum calcium concentration as an indicator of intervertebral disk degeneration prognosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:333-7. [PMID: 23892694 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum macro- and trace element contents and the degree of disk degeneration in patients with intervertebral disk herniation (IDH). This study was carried out on 69 subjects (30 women and 39 men) diagnosed with IDH. Blood samples of the subjects were collected, and serum concentrations of the elements that include macroelements, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium, and trace elements, such as zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, were determined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the entire lumbar region of the vertebral column was conducted using a 1.5-T MRI scanner. The degree of disk degeneration was classified into three categories. Correlation analysis between the degree of disk degeneration and the serum element was performed using SPSS 16.0. In the correlation analysis between the degree of disk degeneration and the element contents, only calcium was found to be negatively correlated with the degree of disk degeneration (r = -0.332, P < 0.01). Comparison results between male and female groups showed no significant difference in the element content and in the degree of disk degeneration (P > 0.05). Moreover, the serum calcium content showed a significant correlation with the degree of disk degeneration, suggesting that the serum calcium concentration can be used as an indicator of intervertebral disk degeneration prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxiu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Chang'an, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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75
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Naviglio S. The possible use of inorganic phosphate in osteosarcoma therapy. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1249-51. [PMID: 23654203 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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76
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Spina A, Sapio L, Esposito A, Di Maiolo F, Sorvillo L, Naviglio S. Inorganic Phosphate as a Novel Signaling Molecule with Antiproliferative Action in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Biores Open Access 2013; 2:47-54. [PMID: 23515235 PMCID: PMC3569927 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for living organisms. It plays a key role in diverse physiological functions, including osteoblast differentiation and skeletal mineralization. Relevantly, Pi is emerging as an important signaling molecule capable of modulating multiple cellular functions by altering signal transduction pathways, gene expression, and protein abundance in many cell types. To our knowledge, the consequences of elevated Pi on behavior of breast cancer cells have been poorly addressed. In this study we investigate the effects of Pi on proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We report that Pi inhibits proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by slowing cell cycle progression, without apoptosis occurrence. We found that Pi causes cells to accumulate in G1 phase in a time-dependent manner. Accordingly, G1 accumulation was associated with a decrease of cyclin A and cyclin E and an increase of cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 protein levels, respectively. Moreover, the Pi-induced antiproliferative effect was dynamically accompanied by profound changes in ERK1/2 and STAT3 protein and phosphorylation levels in response to Pi. Altogether, our data represent the first evidence of Pi acting as a novel signaling molecule in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, capable of eliciting a strong antiproliferative action and suggest that targeting Pi levels at local sites might represent the rationale for developing novel strategies for therapeutic intervention in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Medical School, Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy
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77
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Spina A, Sorvillo L, Chiosi E, Esposito A, Di Maiolo F, Sapio L, Caraglia M, Naviglio S. Synergistic cytotoxic effects of inorganic phosphate and chemotherapeutic drugs on human osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1689-96. [PMID: 23446517 PMCID: PMC3658848 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutic approaches are required for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Combination chemotherapy is receiving increased attention in order to identify compounds that may increase the therapeutic index of clinical anticancer drugs. In this regard, naturally occurring molecules with antitumor activity and with limited toxicity to normal tissues have been suggested as possible candidates for investigation of their synergistic efficacy in combination with antineoplastic drugs. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for living organisms. Relevantly, Pi has emerged as an important signaling molecule capable of modulating multiple cellular functions by altering signal transduction pathways, gene expression and protein abundance in many cell types. Previously, we showed that Pi inhibits proliferation and aggressiveness of U2OS human osteosarcoma cells and that Pi is capable of inducing sensitization of osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin in a p53-dependent manner. In this study, we extended the role of Pi in the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to other anticancer drugs. Specifically, we report and compare the antiproliferative effects of a combination between Pi and doxorubicin, Taxol® and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatments. We found that Pi increases the antiproliferative response to both Taxol and doxorubicin to a similar extent. On the other hand, Pi did not potentiate the anticancer effects induced by 5-FU. These effects were paralleled by apoptosis induction and were cell cycle-dependent. The clinical significance of our data and their potential therapeutic applications for improving osteosarcoma treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Medical School, I‑80138 Naples, Italy
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Spina A, Sorvillo L, Di Maiolo F, Esposito A, D'Auria R, Di Gesto D, Chiosi E, Naviglio S. Inorganic phosphate enhances sensitivity of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells to doxorubicin via a p53-dependent pathway. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:198-206. [PMID: 22674530 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary bone tumor in children and adolescents. The clinical outcome for osteosarcoma remains discouraging despite aggressive surgery and intensive radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Previously, we have shown that inorganic phosphate (Pi) inhibits proliferation and aggressiveness of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells identifying adenylate cyclase, beta3 integrin, Rap1, ERK1/2 as proteins whose expression and function are relevantly affected in response to Pi. In this study, we investigated whether Pi could affect chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we report that Pi inhibits proliferation of p53-wild type U2OS cells (and not of p53-null Saos and p53-mutant MG63 cells) by slowing-down cell cycle progression, without apoptosis occurrence. Interestingly, we found that Pi strongly enhances doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in U2OS, and not in Saos and MG63 cells, by apoptosis induction, as revealed by a marked increase of sub-G1 population, Bcl-2 downregulation, caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage. Remarkably, Pi/doxorubicin combination-induced cytotoxicity was accompanied by an increase of p53 protein levels and of p53 target genes mdm2, p21 and Bax, and was significantly reduced by the p53 inhibitor pifithrine-alpha. Moreover, the doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity was associated with ERK1/2 pathway inhibition in response to Pi. Altogether, our data enforce the evidence of Pi as a novel signaling molecule capable of inhibiting ERK pathway and inducing sensitization to doxorubicin of osteosarcoma cells by p53-dependent apoptosis, implying that targeting Pi levels might represent a rational strategy for improving osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Medical School, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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79
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Hurtado S, Saguer E, Toldrà M, Parés D, Carretero C. Porcine plasma as polyphosphate and caseinate replacer in frankfurters. Meat Sci 2012; 90:624-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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80
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Jekl V, Krejcirova L, Buchtova M, Knotek Z. Effect of high phosphorus diet on tooth microstructure of rodent incisors. Bone 2011; 49:479-84. [PMID: 21571111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enamel hypoplasia and disruption of dentinogenesis are the most common abnormalities of development and mineralization of human teeth. Several reports are available in the literature on the influence of dietary calcium on the formation of human and rodent tooth; however, the information about the influence of dietary phosphorus on the tooth formation is scarce. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the chronic effect of high phosphorus diet and improper dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio on the mandibular incisor microstructure in a hystricomorph rodent--Octodon degu--using macroscopic observation, histopathological examination, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The present study shows that enamel and dentin development is disturbed under high phosphorus diet and improper calcium to phosphorus ratio. Disturbed mineral metabolism resulted in enamel depigmentation, enamel hypoplasia, enamel pitting and altered dentin morphology. The results suggest that more attention should be focused on dietary phosphorus content when facing altered tooth structure in young patients with deciduous or permanent dentition. Furthermore, we showed that degus can be used as an experimental animal model for the study of the developmental teeth disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jekl
- Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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81
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Acute effects of plyometric jumping and intermittent running on serum bone markers in young males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:1475-84. [PMID: 21837450 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different modes of single-bout exercise would cause different responses in short-term bone metabolism. 24 untrained male college students (19.1 ± 0.1 years old) were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a single-bout plyometric exercise group (the PL group, n = 8), (2) a 200-meter × 10 intermittent running group (the IR group, n = 8) and (3) a sedentary control group, which followed the same time schedule of experimentation without performing any exercise (the CON group, n = 8). Serial blood samples were collected before (baseline) and 5 min, 15 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after exercise trials. Within 15 min of exercise, the PL and IR groups showed significantly higher serum phosphorus than did the control group (P < 0.05). Osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in the PL group at 5 min and 1 h after exercise (P < 0.05), while serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) showed no differences among groups. Exercises with different mechanical impact levels responded differently in serum bone formation markers as shown by osteocalcin. Because the increase in osteocalcin in the PL group was revealed shortly after the exercise bout, the changes might due to an exercise-induced mechanical impact rather than bone cellular activities.
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82
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Decreased bone density and increased phosphaturia in gene-targeted mice lacking functional serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 3. Kidney Int 2011; 80:61-7. [PMID: 21451460 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Insulin and growth factors activate the phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase pathway, leading to stimulation of several kinases including serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase isoform SGK3, a transport regulating kinase. Here, we explored the contribution of SGK3 to the regulation of renal tubular phosphate transport. Coexpression of SGK3 and sodium-phosphate cotransporter IIa significantly enhanced the phosphate-induced current in Xenopus oocytes. In sgk3 knockout and wild-type mice on a standard diet, fluid intake, glomerular filtration and urine flow rates, and urinary calcium ion excretion were similar. However, fractional urinary phosphate excretion was slightly but significantly larger in the knockout than in wild-type mice. Plasma calcium ion, phosphate concentration, and plasma parathyroid hormone levels were not significantly different between the two genotypes, but plasma calcitriol and fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations were significantly lower in the knockout than in wild-type mice. Moreover, bone density was significantly lower in the knockouts than in wild-type mice. Histological analysis of the femur did not show any differences in cortical bone but there was slightly less prominent trabecular bone in sgk3 knockout mice. Thus, SGK3 has a subtle but significant role in the regulation of renal tubular phosphate transport and bone density.
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83
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84
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Ditzel J, Lervang HH. Lifestyle diseases and cardiovascular risk factors are interrelated to deficiencies of major substrates in ATP synthesis. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2010; 6:829-36. [PMID: 20957128 PMCID: PMC2952451 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on diabetes and metabolic syndrome indicate a common disturbance of inorganic phosphate (Pi) metabolism. Pi is an important substrate in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and many lifestyle diseases and cardiovascular risk factors similarly show deficiencies in either 1 or 2 major components of ATP synthesis. Age, male gender, hypertension, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus are all associated with hypophosphatemia. In addition, tobacco smoking, hyperchylomicronemia, hypertension, and diabetes may involve defects in tissue oxygen delivery. Hypophosphatemia may lead to a critical decrease in intracellular Pi and to mitochondrial dysfunction, which might be counter-acted by the pharmacological use of fructose 1,6-diphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn Ditzel
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Prevention of Struma and Metabolic Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aalborg, Denmark
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85
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Tang E, Di Tommaso D, de Leeuw NH. Accuracy of the microsolvation-continuum approach in computing the pK(a) and the free energies of formation of phosphate species in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13804-15. [PMID: 20862433 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First principles density functional theory (Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof) calculations have been used to compute the hydration properties, aqueous-phase acid dissociation constants (pK(a)) and Gibbs free energies of formation of small polyphosphates in aqueous solution. The effect of the hydrated environment has been simulated through a hybrid microsolvation-continuum approach, where the phosphate species are simulated as microsolvated solutes, while the remainder of the bulk solvent is treated as a dielectric continuum using the COSMO solvation model. The solvation free energies of orthophosphates and pyrophosphates have been computed applying monomer and cluster thermodynamic cycles, and using the geometries optimised in the gas-phase as well as in the COSMO environment. The results indicate that the simple polarisable continuum or microsolvation-continuum models are unable to compute accurate free energies of solvation for charged species like phosphates. The calculation of the pK(a) shows that the computed values of acid dissociation constants are critically dependent on the number of water molecules n(H(2)O) included in the hydrated phosphate clusters. The optimal number n(H(2)O) is determined from the minimum value of the "incremental" water binding free energy associated with the process of adding a water molecule to a micro-solvated phosphate species. Analysis of the effect of n(H(2)O) on the free energies of orthophosphate condensation reactions shows that can vary by tenths of kcal mol(-1), depending on the particular choice of n(H(2)O) for the monomeric and dimeric species. We discuss a methodology for the determination of n(H(2)O); for the orthophosphates the "incremental" binding energy approach is used to determine n(H(2)O), whereas for the polyphosphates the number of explicit water molecules is simply equal to the effective charge of these anions. The application of this method to compute the free energy of formation of pyro- and tri-phosphates gives generally good agreement with the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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86
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Kempe DS, Ackermann TF, Boini KM, Klaus F, Umbach AT, Dërmaku-Sopjani M, Judenhofer MS, Pichler BJ, Capuano P, Stange G, Wagner CA, Birnbaum MJ, Pearce D, Föller M, Lang F. Akt2/PKBbeta-sensitive regulation of renal phosphate transport. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010; 200:75-85. [PMID: 20236253 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM The protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt is known to stimulate the cellular uptake of glucose and amino acids. The kinase is expressed in proximal renal tubules. The present study explored the influence of Akt/PKB on renal tubular phosphate transport. METHODS The renal phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa was expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without PKB/Akt and Na(+) phosphate cotransport determined using dual electrode voltage clamp. Renal phosphate excretion was determined in Akt2/PKBbeta knockout mice (akt2(-/-)) and corresponding wild-type mice (akt2(+/+)). Transporter protein abundance was determined using Western blotting and phosphate transport by (32)P uptake into brush border membrane vesicles. RESULTS The phosphate-induced current in NaPi-IIa-expressing Xenopus oocytes was significantly increased by the coexpression of Akt/PKB. Phosphate excretion [micromol per 24 h per g BW] was higher by 91% in akt2(-/-) than in akt2(+/+) mice. The phosphaturia of akt2(-/-) mice occurred despite normal transport activity and expression of the renal phosphate transporters NaPi-IIa, NaPi-IIc and Pit2 in the brush border membrane, a significantly decreased plasma PTH concentration (by 46%) and a significantly enhanced plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) concentration (by 46%). Moreover, fractional renal Ca(2+) excretion was significantly enhanced (by 53%) and bone density significantly reduced (by 11%) in akt2(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Akt2/PKBbeta plays a role in the acute regulation of renal phosphate transport and thus contributes to the maintenance of phosphate balance and adequate mineralization of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kempe
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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87
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Xu CX, Jin H, Lim HT, Ha YC, Chae CH, An GH, Lee KH, Cho MH. Low dietary inorganic phosphate stimulates lung tumorigenesis through altering protein translation and cell cycle in K-ras(LA1) mice. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:525-32. [PMID: 20432174 DOI: 10.1080/01635580903532432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent surveys indicate that Pi intake has increased steadily as Pi-containing foods have increased. Our previous study demonstrated that high dietary Pi strongly stimulated lung tumorigeneis. In order to answer the issue whether low Pi may be chemopreventive, we examined the effects of low Pi on lung cancer. Eighteen 5-wk-old male K-ras(LA1) lung cancer model mice were randomly allocated to 2 groups. One group was fed a normal diet (0.5% Pi) and other group was fed low Pi (0.1% Pi) diet for 4 wk. Lung cancer development was evaluated by histopathological examination, Western blot, kinase assay, and immunohistochemistry. Low Pi increased the expression of sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter 2b, and activated Akt signal with decreased PTEN expression in the lungs of K-ras(LA1) mice. Low Pi increased the Akt/mTOR-mediated protein translation through upregulating the phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1. In addition, low Pi stimulated cell cycling as evidenced by altered cell cycle regulators such as cyclin D1 and D3. Finally, low Pi increased lung tumorigenesis in K-ras(LA1) mice compared to the normal diet group. Our results clearly demonstrated that low Pi also promoted lung tumorigenesis, thus suggesting that an appropriate intake of dietary Pi may be critical for lung cancer prevention as well as treatment.
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88
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Abstract
Hypophosphatemia (serum phosphorus concentration <2.5 mg/dl, 0.8 mmol/l), although rare in the general population, is commonly observed in hospitalized patients and may be associated with drug therapy. In fact, hypophosphatemia frequently develops in the course of treatment with drugs used in every-day clinical practice including diuretics and bisphosphonates. Proper diagnostic approach of patients with low serum phosphorus concentrations should involve a detailed medical history with special attention to the recent use of medications. The clinical manifestations of drug-induced hypophosphatemia are usually mild but might also be severe and potentially life-threatening. This review aims at a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors of drug therapy-related hypophosphatemia thus allowing prevention and effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liamis
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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89
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Scientific Opinion on the safety of ferrous ammonium phosphate as a source of iron added for nutritional purposes to foods for the general population (including food supplements) and to foods for particular nutritional uses. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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90
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Kempe DS, Dërmaku-Sopjani M, Fröhlich H, Sopjani M, Umbach A, Puchchakayala G, Capasso A, Weiss F, Stübs M, Föller M, Lang F. Rapamycin-induced phosphaturia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2938-44. [PMID: 20368307 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is known to stimulate a variety of transport mechanisms including the intestinal phosphate transporter NaPi-IIb. The present study was performed to elucidate whether mTOR similarly regulates the major renal tubular phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa. METHODS To this end, NaPi-IIa was expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without mTOR and phosphate transport estimated from phosphate-induced (1 mM) current (I(pi)). RESULTS As a result, I(pi) was observed in NaPi-IIa-expressing but not in H(2)O-injected Xenopus oocytes. Co-expression of mTOR significantly enhanced I(pi) in NaPi-IIa-expressing Xenopus oocytes, an effect abrogated by treatment with rapamycin (50 nM for the last 24 h of incubation). In a second series of experiments, the effect of rapamycin was analysed in mice. The in vivo administration of rapamycin (3 microg/g body weight/day) for 3 days resulted in phosphaturia in mice despite a tendency of plasma phosphate concentration to decrease. CONCLUSIONS mTOR contributes to the regulation of renal phosphate transport, and rapamycin thus influences phosphate balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Kempe
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
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91
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Abstract
Phosphate is critical for the maintenance of skeletal integrity, is a necessary component of important biomolecules, and is central to signal transduction and cell metabolism. It is becoming clear that endocrine communication between the skeleton, kidney, and the intestine is involved in maintaining appropriate serum phosphate concentrations, and that the kidney is the primary site for minute-to-minute regulation of phosphate levels. The identification of genetic alterations in Mendelian disorders of hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia has led to the isolation of novel genes and the identification of new roles for existing proteins--such as fibroblast growth factor 23 and its processing systems, the co-receptor alpha-klotho, and phosphate transporters--in the control of renal phosphate handling. Recent findings also indicate that fibroblast growth factor 23 has feedback mechanisms involving parathyroid hormone and vitamin D that control phosphate homeostasis. This Review will highlight genetic, in vitro and in vivo findings, and will discuss how these clinical and experimental discoveries have uncovered novel aspects of renal phosphate handling and opened new research and therapeutic avenues.
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92
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Sakhaee K. Post-renal transplantation hypophosphatemia. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25:213-20. [PMID: 19603188 PMCID: PMC4469188 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of post-renal transplant (PRT) bone disease is of important clinical significance. Although bone disease occurs after all solid organ transplantation, the cumulative skeletal fracture rate remains high in PRT subjects while reaching a plateau with other transplantations. One major difference in the pathophysiology of PRT bone disease is, perhaps, due to persistent renal phosphorus (Pi) wasting. Novel phosphaturic agents have recently been suggested to participate in the development of bone disease in PRT subjects. However, it is unclear as of yet whether these factors alone or in conjunction with excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion play a key role in the development of negative Pi balance and consequent bone disease in this population. In this review, I present a natural history of PRT hypophosphatemia and persistent renal Pi leak, provide pathophysiologic insight into these developments, and discuss the difficulty in diagnosing these phenotypes in both adult and pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Sakhaee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles & Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism & Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8885, USA.
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93
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Tang E, Di Tommaso D, de Leeuw NH. Hydrogen transfer and hydration properties of HnPO43−n (n=0–3) in water studied by first principles molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:234502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3143952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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94
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Bell SG, Vallee BL. The Metallothionein/Thionein System: An Oxidoreductive Metabolic Zinc Link. Chembiochem 2009; 10:55-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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95
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Xu CX, Jin H, Lim HT, Kim JE, Shin JY, Lee ES, Chung YS, Lee YS, Beck G, Lee KH, Cho MH. High dietary inorganic phosphate enhances cap-dependent protein translation, cell-cycle progression, and angiogenesis in the livers of young mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008; 295:G654-63. [PMID: 18703640 PMCID: PMC2575911 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90213.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (P(i)) plays a key role in diverse physiological functions. Recent studies have indicated that P(i) affects Akt signaling through the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter. Akt signaling, in turn, plays an important role in liver development; however, the effects of high dietary P(i) on the liver have not been investigated. Here, we examined the effects of high dietary phosphate on the liver in developing mice. We found that high dietary P(i) increased liver mass through enhancing Akt-related cap-dependent protein translation, cell cycle progression, and angiogenesis. Thus careful regulation of P(i) consumption may be important in maintaining normal development of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xiong Xu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hua Jin
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwang-Tae Lim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Shin
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sun Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Sun Chung
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - George Beck
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea; Center for Developmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; and National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea
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96
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Morgan BP, He S, Smith RC. Dizinc enzyme model/complexometric indicator pairs in indicator displacement assays for inorganic phosphates under physiological conditions. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:9262-6. [PMID: 17915862 DOI: 10.1021/ic701374h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A dizinc phosphohydrolase enzyme model complex employing the dinucleating ligand 2,6-bis-[(bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino)methyl]-4-methylphenol (L1) was tested for binding to a series of 11 commercially available complexometric indicators in aqueous N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer at pH 7.4, with the aim of determining the applicability of these indicators in indicator displacement assays (IDAs) under physiological conditions. Dissociation constants (Kd) were determined for 11 indicator-Zn2L1 complexes, spanning 2 orders of magnitude from 2.8 x 10(-4) M (alizarin red S) to 2.7 x 10(-6) M (bromo pyrogallol red). Phosphate and pyrophosphate were tested for their ability to displace bound indicator and produce a detectable colorimetric response. Three indicators (bromo pyrogallol red, mordant blue 9, and zincon) complex to Zn2L1 to form an indicator displacement assay selective for pyrophosphate over phosphate. Because selection of an indicator/analyte pair having appropriate relative Kd values is critical for their successful application in IDAs, the binding data for these 11 indicators should assist their extension to IDAs for other analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad P Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Schropp DM, Kovacic J. Phosphorus and phosphate metabolism in veterinary patients. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2006.00217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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98
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Ariceta G, Langman CB. Growth in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166:303-9. [PMID: 17171343 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-006-0357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth failure appears frequently in children with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHR) due to hypophosphatemia, disease severity, body disproportion, and primary bone abnormality. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) increases phosphate tubular reabsorption and phosphate level in blood and, thus, constitutes an attractive but controversial therapy in short children with XLHR, those efficacy was demonstrated in small uncontrolled series. Our aim was to report our experience regarding growth in XLHR. Twenty-seven children with XLHR--20 girls, seven boys--diagnosed at a median (md) of 1.46 years of age, (range 0.39-8.5 years), were studied at 10.12 years of age (1.58-18.56), md (range). All received oral treatment with phosphate and calcitriol. At the first visit, grouped Z-height was -1; (-4.58; 0.54) md (range). After 5 years' follow-up (0.92-15.6), Z-height was -0.91 (- 4.56; 0.17), not different from that at baseline (P = 0.465). In 16 children entirely controlled in our program upon presentation, a "catch up" phenomenon after the rickets had healed (P = 0.823) or throughout the long-term was not observed (P = 0.995). Eight patients had a Z-height </= -2SD at the last visit, and impaired linear growth was associated with age >2 years at diagnosis, male gender and non-adherence to treatment. Four children, all boys, received rhGH, and in two cases with sufficient follow up stature normalized. No rhGH side effects were observed, and phosphate and calcitriol doses remained stable. Linear growth failure appeared in a third of XLHR children. Efforts need to be made to reduce the age of diagnosis and to improve adherence to treatment. Treatment with rhGH should be considered early, after the rickets has been controlled, in those patients with impaired growth or delayed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Ariceta
- Division of Pediatric Kidney Diseases, Hospital Cruces, Vizcaya, Spain.
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Ghanekar H, Welch BJ, Moe OW, Sakhaee K. Post-renal transplantation hypophosphatemia: a review and novel insights. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2006; 15:97-104. [PMID: 16481873 DOI: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000203187.49890.cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review intends to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanism of renal phosphorus loss in the post-renal transplantation population. This review will provide new insight in to the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) responsible for the development of this phenomenon and will also explore the pathogenetic role of persistent phosphorus wasting in the development of post-renal transplantation osteodystrophy. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, the phosphaturic hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23, has been ascertain to be increased in the sera of patients with chronic kidney and end-stage renal disease. There is new evidence that a non-PTH humoral factor is persistently present in post-renal transplantation patients that is likely responsible for the observed persistent renal phosphorus loss. We offer that fibroblast growth factor-23 (and/or other phosphatonins) is the culprit factor responsible for the phenomenon of persistent hypophosphatemia in post-renal transplantation patients. Moreover, we believe that the phenomenon of persistent renal phosphorus wasting is an important but overlooked cause of osteodystrophy and increased fracture risk in this patient population. SUMMARY The pathophysiology of post-renal transplantation phosphorus wasting is complex and to date is still not fully recognized. Further studies of the regulatory mechanism of fibroblast growth factor-23 and its metabolism may offer additional insights into phosphorus homeostasis and its clinical application in the post-renal transplantation population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh Ghanekar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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