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Sahner JH, Sucipto H, Wenzel SC, Groh M, Hartmann RW, Müller R. Advanced Mutasynthesis Studies on the Natural α-Pyrone Antibiotic Myxopyronin fromMyxococcus fulvus. Chembiochem 2015; 16:946-53. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Hertweck C. Decoding and reprogramming complex polyketide assembly lines: prospects for synthetic biology. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:189-99. [PMID: 25757401 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial modular type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) represent giant megasynthases that produce a vast number of complex polyketides, many of which are pharmaceutically relevant. This review highlights recent advances in elucidating the mechanism of bacterial type I PKSs and associated enzymes, and outlines the ramifications of this knowledge for synthetic biology approaches to expand structural diversity. New insights into biosynthetic codes and structures of thiotemplate systems pave the way to rational bioengineering strategies. Through advances in genome mining, DNA recombination technologies, and biochemical analyses, the toolbox of non-canonical polyketide-modifying enzymes has been greatly enlarged. In addition to various chain-branching and chain-fusing enzymes, an increasing set of scaffold modifying biocatalysts is now available for synthetically hard-to-emulate reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany; Chair of Natural Product Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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Mori T, Yang D, Matsui T, Hashimoto M, Morita H, Fujii I, Abe I. Structural basis for the formation of acylalkylpyrones from two β-ketoacyl units by the fungal type III polyketide synthase CsyB. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5214-5225. [PMID: 25564614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.626416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The acylalkylpyrone synthase CsyB from Aspergillus oryzae catalyzes the one-pot formation of the 3-acyl-4-hydroxy-6-alkyl-α-pyrone scaffold from acetoacetyl-CoA, fatty acyl-CoA, and malonyl-CoA. This is the first type III polyketide synthase that performs not only the polyketide chain elongation but also the condensation of two β-ketoacyl units. The crystal structures of wild-type CsyB and its I375F and I375W mutants were solved at 1.7-, 2.3-, and 2.0-Å resolutions, respectively. The crystal structures revealed a unique active site architecture featuring a hitherto unidentified novel pocket for accommodation of the acetoacetyl-CoA starter in addition to the conventional elongation/cyclization pocket with the Cys-His-Asn catalytic triad and the long hydrophobic tunnel for binding the fatty acyl chain. The structures also indicated the presence of a putative nucleophilic water molecule activated by the hydrogen bond networks with His-377 and Cys-155 at the active site center. Furthermore, an in vitro enzyme reaction confirmed that the (18)O atom of the H2(18)O molecule is enzymatically incorporated into the final product. These observations suggested that the enzyme reaction is initiated by the loading of acetoacetyl-CoA onto Cys-155, and subsequent thioester bond cleavage by the nucleophilic water generates the β-keto acid intermediate, which is placed within the novel pocket. The second β-ketoacyl unit is then produced by polyketide chain elongation of fatty acyl-CoA with one molecule of malonyl-CoA, and the condensation with the β-keto acid generates the final products. Indeed, steric modulation of the novel pocket by the structure-based I375F and I375W mutations resulted in altered specificities for the chain lengths of the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mori
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Medicinal Resources, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan, and.
| | - Isao Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
| | - Ikuro Abe
- From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan,.
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Hashimoto M, Koen T, Takahashi H, Suda C, Kitamoto K, Fujii I. Aspergillus oryzae CsyB catalyzes the condensation of two β-ketoacyl-CoAs to form 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-alkyl-α-pyrone. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19976-84. [PMID: 24895122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.569095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The type III polyketide synthases from fungi produce a variety of secondary metabolites including pyrones, resorcinols, and resorcylic acids. We previously reported that CsyB from Aspergillus oryzae forms α-pyrone csypyrone B compounds when expressed in A. oryzae. Feeding experiments of labeled acetates indicated that a fatty acyl starter is involved in the reaction catalyzed by CsyB. Here we report the in vivo and in vitro reconstitution analysis of CsyB. When CsyB was expressed in Escherichia coli, we observed the production of 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-α-pyrones with saturated or unsaturated straight aliphatic chains of C9-C17 in length at the 6 position. Subsequent in vitro analysis using recombinant CsyB revealed that CsyB could accept butyryl-CoA as a starter substrate and malonyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA as extender substrates to form 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-propyl-α-pyrone. CsyB also afforded dehydroacetic acid from two molecules of acetoacetyl-CoA. Furthermore, synthetic N-acetylcysteamine thioester of β-ketohexanoic acid was converted to 3-butanoyl-4-hydroxy-6-propyl-α-pyrone by CsyB. These results therefore confirmed that CsyB catalyzed the synthesis of β-ketoacyl-CoA from the reaction of the starter fatty acyl CoA thioesters with malonyl-CoA as the extender through decarboxylative condensation and further coupling with acetoacetyl-CoA to form 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-alkyl-α-pyrone. CsyB is the first type III polyketide synthase that synthesizes 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-alkyl-α-pyrone by catalyzed the coupling of two β-ketoacyl-CoAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hashimoto
- From the School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan and
| | - Tsukasa Koen
- From the School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan and
| | - Hiroaki Takahashi
- From the School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan and
| | - Chihiro Suda
- From the School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan and
| | - Katsuhiko Kitamoto
- the Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Isao Fujii
- From the School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan and
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Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2013. Myxobacteria produce a vast range of structurally diverse natural products with prominent biological activities. Here, we provide a detailed description and judge the potential of all antibiotically active myxobacterial compounds as lead structures, pointing out their particularities and, if known, their mode of action. Thus, the review provides an overview of the potential of specific compounds, suitable for future investigations and possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Till M, Race PR. Progress challenges and opportunities for the re-engineering of trans-AT polyketide synthases. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:877-88. [PMID: 24557077 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyketides are a structurally and functionally diverse family of bioactive natural products that are used extensively as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In bacteria these molecules are biosynthesized by giant, multi-functional enzymatic complexes, termed modular polyketide synthases (PKSs), that function in assembly-line like fashion to fuse and tailor simple carboxylic acid monomers into a vast array of elaborate chemical scaffolds. Modifying PKSs through targeted synthase re-engineering is a promising approach for accessing functionally-optimized polyketides. Due to their highly mosaic architectures the recently identified trans-AT family of modular synthases appear inherently more amenable to re-engineering than their well studied cis-AT counterparts. Here, we review recent progress in the re-engineering of trans-AT PKSs, summarize opportunities for harnessing the biosynthetic potential of these systems, and highlight challenges that such re-engineering approaches present.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Till
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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Schmitz A, Kehraus S, Schäberle TF, Neu E, Almeida C, Roth M, König GM. Corallorazines from the myxobacterium Corallococcus coralloides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:159-163. [PMID: 24422674 DOI: 10.1021/np400740u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The myxobacterium Corallococcus coralloides is the producer of the antibiotic compound corallopyronin A, which is currently in preclinical evaluation. To obtain suitable amounts of this antibiotic, the production strain C. coralloides B035 was cultured in large volumes, which in the addition to the isolation of the target molecule facilitates the detection of additional metabolites of this myxobacterial strain (corallorazines A-C). Corallorazine A is a new structural type of dipeptide composed of a dehydroalanine and a glycine moiety that are linked via a semiaminal bond, thus forming a piperazine ring. The latter is further connected via an amide bond to an unusual aliphatic acyl chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmitz
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn , Nussallee 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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59
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Davison J, Dorival J, Rabeharindranto H, Mazon H, Chagot B, Gruez A, Weissman KJ. Insights into the function of trans-acyl transferase polyketide synthases from the SAXS structure of a complete module. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53511h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined analysis by SAXS, NMR and homology modeling reveals the structure of an apo module from a trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Davison
- Molecular and Structural Enzymology Group
- Université de Lorraine
- Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jonathan Dorival
- Molecular and Structural Enzymology Group
- Université de Lorraine
- Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Hery Rabeharindranto
- Molecular and Structural Enzymology Group
- Université de Lorraine
- Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Hortense Mazon
- Molecular and Structural Enzymology Group
- Université de Lorraine
- Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Benjamin Chagot
- Molecular and Structural Enzymology Group
- Université de Lorraine
- Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Gruez
- Molecular and Structural Enzymology Group
- Université de Lorraine
- Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Kira J. Weissman
- Molecular and Structural Enzymology Group
- Université de Lorraine
- Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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60
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Function of the loading module in CorI and of the O-methyltransferase CorH in vinyl carbamate biosynthesis of the antibiotic corallopyronin A. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:950-6. [PMID: 24277032 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01894-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corallopyronin A is a promising in vivo active antibiotic, currently undergoing preclinical evaluation. This myxobacterial compound interferes with a newly identified drug target site, i.e., the switch region of the bacterial DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RNAP). Since this target site differs from that of known RNAP inhibitors such as the rifamycins, corallopyronin A shows no cross-resistance with other antibacterial agents. Corallopyronin A is a polyketide synthase- and nonribosomal peptide synthetase-derived molecule whose structure and biosynthesis is distinguished by several peculiarities, such as the unusual vinyl carbamate functionality whose formation involves carbonic acid as an unprecedented C1-starter unit. Using in vitro experiments the nature of this starter molecule was revealed to be the methyl ester of carbonic acid. Biochemical investigations showed that methylation of carbonic acid is performed by the O-methyltransferase CorH. These experiments shed light on the biosynthesis of the Eastern chain of α-pyrone antibiotics such as corallopyronin A.
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61
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Schäberle TF, Orland A, König GM. Enhanced production of undecylprodigiosin in Streptomyces coelicolor by co-cultivation with the corallopyronin A-producing myxobacterium, Corallococcus coralloides. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:641-8. [PMID: 24249103 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prolific producers of natural products like streptomycetes and myxobacteria live in complex natural frameworks consisting of many microorganisms. Presumably intricate physiological and metabolic regulatory networks have evolved to enable the organisms to respond to intra- and interspecies interactions, e.g. biosynthesis of specific natural products is up-regulated due to competitors in the surrounding area. The soil-dwelling bacterium, Streptomyces coelicolor, produces the biologically-active compound, undecylprodigiosin (Red). Co-incubation with the corallopyronin A-producer, Corallococcus coralloides, was performed to explore the hypothesis that Red production can be enhanced by a myxobacterial competitor. Co-cultivation resulted in earlier onset and increased production of Red (60-fold increase of the intra-cellular concentration). Using different Corallococcus-derived extracts for elicitation, revealed that water-soluble factors triggered the enhanced production of Red which shows antimicrobial, immunosuppressive and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany,
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62
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Hoffmann T, Müller S, Nadmid S, Garcia R, Müller R. Microsclerodermins from Terrestrial Myxobacteria: An Intriguing Biosynthesis Likely Connected to a Sponge Symbiont. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16904-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4054509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Building C 2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Building C 2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Suvd Nadmid
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Building C 2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ronald Garcia
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Building C 2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz
Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Building C 2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are diseases of severe morbidity that affect the poorest of the poor in the world. The diseases are caused by filarial nematodes that are transmitted by mosquitoes or biting blackflies and are endemic to more than 80 countries worldwide, mainly in the tropics and sub-tropics. Current control programs aim to eliminate the diseases by distributing antifilarial drugs. However, the primary effect of the drugs is to kill the microfilariae in the blood or skin, thus preventing uptake by the obligate insect vector. Since the adult worms live 10 years or longer, drug distribution requires many years of treatment, which is a heavy burden on the burgeoning health care systems. Sub-optimal response, possible resistance and inadequate population coverage lessen the chances for successful elimination in all endemic areas. The search for new drugs that could enhance elimination by permanently sterilizing or killing adult worms has identified the Wolbachia intracellular bacteria of filarial nematodes as a target. Depleting the obligate endosymbionts from the worms with doxycycline or rifampicin causes a permanent block in oogenesis, embryogenesis and development, and in slow death of the adult worms. These two antibiotics are suitable for individual drug administration, but caveats exist for their inclusion in broader drug administration programs. Here we review Wolbachia as targets for antifilarial drug discovery and highlight the natural product corallopyronin A as an effective drug that is currently being developed specifically for use against filarial nematodes.
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65
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Sucipto H, Wenzel SC, Müller R. Exploring Chemical Diversity of α-Pyrone Antibiotics: Molecular Basis of Myxopyronin Biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1581-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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66
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Pyrones as bacterial signaling molecules. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:573-8. [PMID: 23851573 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria communicate via small diffusible molecules and thereby mediate group-coordinated behavior, a process referred to as quorum sensing. The prototypical quorum sensing system found in Gram-negative bacteria consists of a LuxI-type autoinducer synthase that produces N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signals and a LuxR-type receptor that detects the AHLs to control expression of specific genes. However, many proteobacteria have proteins with homology to LuxR receptors yet lack any cognate LuxI-like AHL synthase. Here we show that in the insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens the orphan LuxR-type receptor PluR detects endogenously produced α-pyrones that serve as signaling molecules at low nanomolar concentrations. Additionally, the ketosynthase PpyS was identified as pyrone synthase. Reconstitution of the entire system containing PluR, the PluR-target operon we termed pcf and PpyS in Escherichia coli demonstrated that the cell-cell communication circuit is portable. Our research thus deorphanizes a signaling system and suggests that additional modes of bacterial communication may await discovery.
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67
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Felder S, Kehraus S, Neu E, Bierbaum G, Schäberle TF, König GM. Salimyxins and Enhygrolides: Antibiotic, Sponge-Related Metabolites from the Obligate Marine MyxobacteriumEnhygromyxa salina. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1363-71. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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68
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Felder S, Dreisigacker S, Kehraus S, Neu E, Bierbaum G, Wright PR, Menche D, Schäberle TF, König GM. Salimabromide: Unexpected Chemistry from the Obligate Marine Myxobacterium Enhygromyxa salina. Chemistry 2013; 19:9319-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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69
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Prusov EV. Total synthesis of antibiotics: recent achievements, limitations, and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:2773-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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70
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Lohr F, Jenniches I, Frizler M, Meehan MJ, Sylvester M, Schmitz A, Gütschow M, Dorrestein PC, König GM, Schäberle TF. α,β → β,γ double bond migration in corallopyronin A biosynthesis. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51854j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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71
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Abstract
Secondary metabolites are ubiquitous in bacteria, but by definition, they are thought to be nonessential. Highly toxic secondary metabolites such as patellazoles have been isolated from marine tunicates, where their exceptional potency and abundance implies a role in chemical defense, but their biological source is unknown. Here, we describe the association of the tunicate Lissoclinum patella with a symbiotic α-proteobacterium, Candidatus Endolissoclinum faulkneri, and present chemical and biological evidence that the bacterium synthesizes patellazoles. We sequenced and assembled the complete Ca. E. faulkneri genome, directly from metagenomic DNA obtained from the tunicate, where it accounted for 0.6% of sequence data. We show that the large patellazoles biosynthetic pathway is maintained, whereas the remainder of the genome is undergoing extensive streamlining to eliminate unneeded genes. The preservation of this pathway in streamlined bacteria demonstrates that secondary metabolism is an essential component of the symbiotic interaction.
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Dufour C, Wink J, Kurz M, Kogler H, Olivan H, Sablé S, Heyse W, Gerlitz M, Toti L, Nußer A, Rey A, Couturier C, Bauer A, Brönstrup M. Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Armeniaspirols A-C: Potent Antibiotics against Gram-Positive Pathogens. Chemistry 2012; 18:16123-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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73
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Franke J, Ishida K, Hertweck C. Genomics-Driven Discovery of Burkholderic Acid, a Noncanonical, Cryptic Polyketide from Human PathogenicBurkholderiaSpecies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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74
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Franke J, Ishida K, Hertweck C. Genomics-driven discovery of burkholderic acid, a noncanonical, cryptic polyketide from human pathogenic Burkholderia species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11611-5. [PMID: 23055407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Franke
- Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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75
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Rentsch A, Kalesse M. Die Totalsynthesen von Corallopyronin A und Myxopyronin B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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76
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Rentsch A, Kalesse M. The Total Synthesis of Corallopyronin A and Myxopyronin B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11381-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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77
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Schiefer A, Schmitz A, Schäberle TF, Specht S, Lämmer C, Johnston KL, Vassylyev DG, König GM, Hoerauf A, Pfarr K. Corallopyronin A specifically targets and depletes essential obligate Wolbachia endobacteria from filarial nematodes in vivo. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:249-57. [PMID: 22586066 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxycycline and rifampicin deplete essential Wolbachia from filarial nematodes that cause lymphatic filariasis or onchocerciasis, resulting in blocked worm development and death. However, doxycycline is contraindicated for children and pregnant/breastfeeding women, as is rifampicin in the latter group with the additional specter of possible resistance development in Mycobacterium spp. Novel antibiotics with a narrower spectrum would aid in eliminating filarial diseases. Corallococcus coralloides synthesizes corallopyronin A, a noncompetitive inhibitor of RNA polymerase ineffective against Mycobacterium spp. Corallopyronin A depleted Wolbachia from infected insect cells (1.89 Thus the antibiotic is effective against intracellular bacteria despite the many intervening surfaces (blood vessels, pleura, worm cuticle) and membranes (worm cell, vesicle, Wolbachia inner and outer membranes). Corallopyronin A is an antibiotic to develop further for filariasis elimination without concern for cross-resistance development in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schiefer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
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Srivastava A, Talaue M, Liu S, Degen D, Ebright RY, Sineva E, Chakraborty A, Druzhinin SY, Chatterjee S, Mukhopadhyay J, Ebright YW, Zozula A, Shen J, Sengupta S, Niedfeldt RR, Xin C, Kaneko T, Irschik H, Jansen R, Donadio S, Connell N, Ebright RH. New target for inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase: 'switch region'. Curr Opin Microbiol 2011; 14:532-43. [PMID: 21862392 PMCID: PMC3196380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new drug target - the 'switch region' - has been identified within bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP), the enzyme that mediates bacterial RNA synthesis. The new target serves as the binding site for compounds that inhibit bacterial RNA synthesis and kill bacteria. Since the new target is present in most bacterial species, compounds that bind to the new target are active against a broad spectrum of bacterial species. Since the new target is different from targets of other antibacterial agents, compounds that bind to the new target are not cross-resistant with other antibacterial agents. Four antibiotics that function through the new target have been identified: myxopyronin, corallopyronin, ripostatin, and lipiarmycin. This review summarizes the switch region, switch-region inhibitors, and implications for antibacterial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Srivastava
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Meliza Talaue
- Center for Biodefense, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark NJ 07101, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - David Degen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Richard Y. Ebright
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Elena Sineva
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sergey Y. Druzhinin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sujoy Chatterjee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jayanta Mukhopadhyay
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yon W. Ebright
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alex Zozula
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Juan Shen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sonali Sengupta
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rui Rong Niedfeldt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cai Xin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Takushi Kaneko
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, New York NY 10004, USA
| | - Herbert Irschik
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Jansen
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefano Donadio
- NAICONS--New Anti-Infectives Consortium, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Nancy Connell
- Center for Biodefense, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark NJ 07101, USA
| | - Richard H. Ebright
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA
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Zhang F, He HY, Tang MC, Tang YM, Zhou Q, Tang GL. Cloning and Elucidation of the FR901464 Gene Cluster Revealing a Complex Acyltransferase-less Polyketide Synthase Using Glycerate as Starter Units. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2452-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ja105649g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Man-Cheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Min Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gong-Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Marine myxobacteria as a source of antibiotics--comparison of physiology, polyketide-type genes and antibiotic production of three new isolates of Enhygromyxa salina. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2466-79. [PMID: 20948900 PMCID: PMC2953396 DOI: 10.3390/md8092466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Three myxobacterial strains, designated SWB004, SWB005 and SWB006, were obtained from beach sand samples from the Pacific Ocean and the North Sea. The strains were cultivated in salt water containing media and subjected to studies to determine their taxonomic status, the presence of genes for the biosynthesis of polyketides and antibiotic production. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed the type strain Enhygromyxa salina SHK-1T as their closest homolog, displaying between 98% (SWB005) and 99% (SWB004 and SWB006) sequence similarity. All isolates were rod-shaped cells showing gliding motility and fruiting body formation as is known for myxobacteria. They required NaCl for growth, with an optimum concentration of around 2% [w/v]. The G + C-content of genomic DNA ranged from 63.0 to 67.3 mol%. Further, the strains were analyzed for their potential to produce polyketide-type structures. PCR amplified ketosynthase-like gene fragments from all three isolates enhances the assumption that these bacteria produce polyketides. SWB005 was shown to produce metabolites with prominent antibacterial activity, including activity towards methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE).
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