51
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Nazarov AA, Hartinger CG, Dyson PJ. Opening the lid on piano-stool complexes: An account of ruthenium(II)–arene complexes with medicinal applications. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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52
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Wang Z, Qian H, Yiu SM, Sun J, Zhu G. Multi-targeted organometallic ruthenium(II)–arene anticancer complexes bearing inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1: A strategy to improve cytotoxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 131:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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53
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Süss-Fink G. Water-soluble arene ruthenium complexes: From serendipity to catalysis and drug design. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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54
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Chellan P, Land KM, Shokar A, Au A, An SH, Taylor D, Smith PJ, Riedel T, Dyson PJ, Chibale K, Smith GS. Synthesis and evaluation of new polynuclear organometallic Ru(ii), Rh(iii) and Ir(iii) pyridyl ester complexes as in vitro antiparasitic and antitumor agents. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:513-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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55
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Patra M, Joshi T, Pierroz V, Ingram K, Kaiser M, Ferrari S, Spingler B, Keiser J, Gasser G. DMSO-Mediated Ligand Dissociation: Renaissance for Biological Activity ofN-Heterocyclic-[Ru(η6-arene)Cl2] Drug Candidates. Chemistry 2013; 19:14768-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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56
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Kljun J, Bratsos I, Alessio E, Psomas G, Repnik U, Butinar M, Turk B, Turel I. New uses for old drugs: attempts to convert quinolone antibacterials into potential anticancer agents containing ruthenium. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9039-52. [PMID: 23886077 DOI: 10.1021/ic401220x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Continuing the study of the physicochemical and biological properties of ruthenium-quinolone adducts, four novel complexes with the general formula [Ru([9]aneS3)(dmso-κS)(quinolonato-κ(2)O,O)](PF6), containing the quinolones levofloxacin (1), nalidixic acid (2), oxolinic acid (3), and cinoxacin (4), were prepared and characterized in solid state as well as in solution. Contrary to their organoruthenium analogues, these complexes are generally relatively stable in aqueous solution as substitution of the dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) ligand is slow and not quantitative, and a minor release of the quinolonato ligand is observed only in the case of 4. The complexes bind to serum proteins displaying relatively high binding constants. DNA binding was studied using UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and performing viscosity measurements of CT DNA solutions in the presence of complexes 1-4. These experiments show that the ruthenium complexes interact with DNA via intercalation. Possible electrostatic interactions occur in the case of compound 4, which also shows the most pronounced rate of hydrolysis. Compounds 2 and 4 also exhibit a weak inhibition of cathepsins B and S, which are involved in the progression of a number of diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, complex 2 displayed moderate cytotoxicity when tested on the HeLa cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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57
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He L, Liao SY, Tan CP, Ye RR, Xu YW, Zhao M, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Ruthenium-Arene-β-Carboline Complexes as Potent Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1: Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Mechanism Studies. Chemistry 2013; 19:12152-60. [PMID: 23878093 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of Ru(II)-arene complexes (1-6) of the general formula [(η(6)-arene)Ru(L)Cl]PF6 (arene=benzene or p-cymene; L=bidentate β-carboline derivative, an indole alkaloid with potential cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitory activities) is reported. All the complexes were fully characterized by classical analytical methods, and three were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Hydrolytic studies show that β-carboline ligands play a vital role in their aqueous behaviour. These complexes are highly active in vitro, with the most active complex 6 displaying a 3- to 12-fold higher anticancer activity than cisplatin against several cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the complexes are able to overcome cross-resistance to cisplatin, and show much lower cytotoxicity against normal cells. Complexes 1-6 may directly target CDK1, because they can block cells in the G2M phase, down-regulate the expression of CDK1 and cyclin B1, and inhibit CDK1/cyclin B in vitro. Further mechanism studies show that the complexes can effectively induce apoptosis through mitochondrial-related pathways and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 20-8411-2245
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58
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Ma DL, He HZ, Leung KH, Chan DSH, Leung CH. Bioactive Luminescent Transition-Metal Complexes for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7666-7682. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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59
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Ma DL, He HZ, Leung KH, Chan DSH, Leung CH. Bioaktive lumineszierende Übergangsmetallkomplexe für biomedizinische Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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60
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Nazarov AA, Gardini D, Baquié M, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Serkova TP, Shevtsova EP, Scopelliti R, Dyson PJ. Organometallic anticancer agents that interfere with cellular energy processes: a subtle approach to inducing cancer cell death. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:2347-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31936e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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61
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Carcelli M, Bacchi A, Pelagatti P, Rispoli G, Rogolino D, Sanchez TW, Sechi M, Neamati N. Ruthenium arene complexes as HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 118:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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62
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Kilpin KJ, Dyson PJ. Enzyme inhibition by metal complexes: concepts, strategies and applications. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22349c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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63
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Vidimar V, Meng X, Klajner M, Licona C, Fetzer L, Harlepp S, Hébraud P, Sidhoum M, Sirlin C, Loeffler JP, Mellitzer G, Sava G, Pfeffer M, Gaiddon C. Induction of caspase 8 and reactive oxygen species by ruthenium-derived anticancer compounds with improved water solubility and cytotoxicity. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1428-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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64
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Chakree K, Ovatlarnporn C, Dyson PJ, Ratanaphan A. Altered DNA binding and amplification of human breast cancer suppressor gene BRCA1 induced by a novel antitumor compound, [Ru(η(6)-p-phenylethacrynate)Cl(2)(pta)]. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:13183-202. [PMID: 23202946 PMCID: PMC3497320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ruthenium-based complex [Ru(η(6)-p-phenylethacrynate)Cl(2)(pta)] (pta = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo-[3.3.1.1]decane), termed ethaRAPTA, is an interesting antitumor compound. The elucidation of the molecular mechanism of drug activity is central to the drug development program. To this end, we have characterized the ethaRAPTA interaction with DNA, including probing the sequence specific modified DNA structural stability and DNA amplification using the breast cancer suppressor gene 1 (BRCA1) of human breast and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines as models. The preference of ethaRAPTA base binding is in the order A > G > T > C. Once modified, the ethaRAPTA-induced BRCA1 structure has higher thermal stability than the modified equivalents of its related compound, RAPTA-C. EthaRAPTA exhibits a higher efficiency than RAPTA-C in inhibiting BRCA1 amplification. With respect to both compounds, the inhibition of BRCA1 amplification is more effective in an isolated system than in cell lines. These data provide evidence that will help to understand the process of elucidating the pathways involved in the response induced by ethaRAPTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korawan Chakree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; E-Mails: (K.C.); (C.O.)
| | - Chitchamai Ovatlarnporn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; E-Mails: (K.C.); (C.O.)
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-Mail:
| | - Adisorn Ratanaphan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; E-Mails: (K.C.); (C.O.)
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65
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Structural approaches to probing metal interaction with proteins. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 115:138-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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66
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Abstract
Nowadays, gold compounds occupy a relevant position constituting a promising class of experimental anticancer metallodrugs. Several research efforts have been devoted to the investigations of the pharmacological properties of gold(I) complexes bearing phosphine ligands, such as the antiarthritic drug auranofin, that has also been shown to produce anticancer effects in vitro. In spite of the numerous studies that appeared in the literature the biological mechanisms of action of auranofin and analogues are still controversial. Here, we report on the inhibition effects of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GST P1-1) exerted by auranofin. The compound was able to inhibit GST P1-1 with a calculated IC(50) of 32.9±0.5μM. Interestingly, the inhibition of GST P1-1 and its cysteine mutants by the gold(I) compound is essentially the same, suggesting that probably the cysteine residues are not so essential for enzyme inactivation in contrast to other reported inhibitors. High-resolution electrospray ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) studies allowed characterising the binding of the compound with GST enzymes at a molecular level, confirming that similar gold binding sites may be present in the wild-type protein and its Cys mutants.
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67
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Hudej R, Kljun J, Kandioller W, Repnik U, Turk B, Hartinger CG, Keppler BK, Miklavčič D, Turel I. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Thionated Antibacterial Agent Nalidixic Acid and Its Organoruthenium(II) Complex. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300424w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Hudej
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva
c. 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška
c. 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva
c. 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger
Straße 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Urška Repnik
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova c. 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva
c. 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova c. 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CIPKEBIP Centre of Excellence, Jamova c. 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger
Straße 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private
Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger
Straße 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška
c. 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva
c. 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN→Fist Centre of Excellence, Dunajska
c. 156, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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68
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Quesada-Soriano I, Primavera A, Casas-Solvas JM, Téllez-Sanz R, Barón C, Vargas-Berenguel A, Lo Bello M, García-Fuentes L. Identifying and characterizing binding sites on the irreversible inhibition of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 by S-thiocarbamoylation. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1594-604. [PMID: 22740430 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (hGST P1-1) is involved in cell detoxification processes through the conjugation of its natural substrate, reduced glutathione (GSH), with xenobiotics. GSTs are known to be overexpressed in tumors, and naturally occurring isothiocyanates, such as benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), are effective cancer chemopreventive compounds. To identify and characterize the potential inhibitory mechanisms of GST P1-1 induced by isothiocyanate conjugates, we studied the binding of GST P1-1 and some cysteine mutants to the BITC-SG conjugate as well as to the synthetic S-(N-benzylcarbamoylmethyl)glutathione conjugate (BC-SG). We report here the inactivation of GST P1-1 through the covalent modification of two Cys47 residues per dimer and one Cys101. The evidence has been compiled by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). ITC experiments suggest that the BITC-SG conjugate generates adducts with Cys47 and Cys101 at physiological temperatures through a corresponding kinetic process, in which the BITC moiety is covalently bound to these enzyme cysteines through an S-thiocarbamoylation reaction. ESI-MS analysis of the BITC-SG incubated enzymes indicates that although the Cys47 in each subunit is covalently attached to the BITC ligand moiety, only one of the Cys101 residues in the dimer is so attached. A plausible mechanism is given for the emergence of inactivation through the kinetic processes with both cysteines. Likewise, our molecular docking simulations suggest that steric hindrance is the reason why only one Cys101 per dimer is covalently modified by BITC-SG. No covalent inactivation of GST P1-1 with the BC-SG inhibitor has been observed. The affinities and inhibitory potencies for both conjugates are high and very similar, but slightly lower for BC-SG. Thus, we conclude that the presence of the sulfur atom from the isothiocyanate moiety in BITC-SG is crucial for its irreversible inhibition of GST P1-1.
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69
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Biomolecule binding vs. anticancer activity: Reactions of Ru(arene)[(thio)pyr-(id)one] compounds with amino acids and proteins. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 108:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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70
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Furrer MA, Schmitt F, Wiederkehr M, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Therrien B. Cellular delivery of pyrenyl-arene ruthenium complexes by a water-soluble arene ruthenium metalla-cage. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:7201-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30193h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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71
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Smith GS, Therrien B. Targeted and multifunctional arene ruthenium chemotherapeutics. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10793-800. [PMID: 21858344 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of multifunctionalities for tumour targeting is becoming a popular strategy toward the development of new therapeutic agents. In particular, the multifaceted potential of ruthenium(II)-arene complexes show great promise as chemotherapeutics. An ever-increasing number of papers dealing with the integration of ruthenium complexes with biologically active molecules to derive bioorganometallic molecules of chemotherapeutic significance have been published in recent years. This perspective review presents a short overview of multifunctional ruthenium-based drugs, especially those containing arene ruthenium complexes, with the emphasis on the combination of photosensitizers with ruthenium complexes for the preparation of novel multifunctional photodynamic therapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Smith
- University of Cape Town, Department of Chemistry, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
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72
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Sava G, Bergamo A, Dyson PJ. Metal-based antitumour drugs in the post-genomic era: what comes next? Dalton Trans 2011; 40:9069-75. [PMID: 21725573 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In our Dalton Transactions Perspective article entitled, 'Metal-based antitumour drugs in the post genomic era', (Dalton Trans., 2006, 1929-1933) we discussed metal-based drugs in light of past decades of research. We concluded that the post-genomic era would dictate a change in the direction of the field with knowledge of the genome increasingly allowing protein targets to be identified and not simply assuming that DNA is the only relevant target of metal-based drugs. Since our article was published new insights into the mode of action of metal-based drugs have emerged making some older findings increasingly relevant to current drug design. In this article we discuss these developments in terms of what we believe should be the future direction for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Sava
- Callerio Foundation Onlus, Via A. Fleming 22-31, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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73
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Betanzos-Lara S, Habtemariam A, Clarkson GJ, Sadler PJ. Organometallic cis-Dichlorido Ruthenium(II) Ammine Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011; 2011:3257-3264. [PMID: 23956682 PMCID: PMC3744359 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional neutral half-sandwich RuII complexes of the type [(η6-arene)Ru(NH3)Cl2] where arene is p-cym (1) or bip (2) were synthesised by the reaction of N,N-dimethylbenzylamine (dmba), NH4PF6 and the corresponding RuII arene dimer, and were fully characterised. X-ray crystallographic studies of [(η6-p-cym)Ru(NH3)Cl2]·{(dmba-H)(PF6)} (1a) and [(η6-bip)Ru(NH3)Cl2] (2) show extensive H-bond interactions in the solid state, mainly involving the NH3 and the Cl ligands, as well as weak aromatic stacking interactions. The half-lives for the sequential hydrolysis of 1 and 2 determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy at 310 K ranged from a few minutes for the first aquation to ca. 45 min for the second aquation; the diaqua adducts were the predominant species at equilibrium. Arene loss during the aquation of complex 2 was observed. Upon hydrolysis, both complexes readily formed mono- and di-9-ethylguanine (9-EtG) adducts in aqueous solution at 310 K. The reaction reached equilibrium after ca. 1.8 h in the case of complex 1 and was slower but more complete for complex 2 (before the onset of arene loss at ca. 2.7 h). Complexes 1 and 2 were not cytotoxic towards A2780 human ovarian cancer cells up to the maximum concentration tested (100 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abraha Habtemariam
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickCoventry, CV4 7AL, UK E-mail:
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickCoventry, CV4 7AL, UK E-mail:
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickCoventry, CV4 7AL, UK E-mail:
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74
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Timerbaev A, Pawlak K, Gabbiani C, Messori L. Recent progress in the application of analytical techniques to anticancer metallodrug proteomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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75
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Quesada-Soriano I, Parker LJ, Primavera A, Wielens J, Holien JK, Casas-Solvas JM, Vargas-Berenguel A, Aguilera AM, Nuccetelli M, Mazzetti AP, Lo Bello M, Parker MW, García-Fuentes L. Diuretic drug binding to human glutathione transferase P1-1: potential role of Cys-101 revealed in the double mutant C47S/Y108V. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:220-34. [PMID: 20540076 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The diuretic drug ethacrynic acid (EA), both an inhibitor and substrate of pi class glutathione S-transferase (GST P1-1), has been tested in clinical trials as an adjuvant in chemotherapy. We recently studied the role of the active site residue Tyr-108 in binding EA to the enzyme and found that the analysis was complicated by covalent binding of this drug to the highly reactive Cys-47. Previous attempts to eliminate this binding by chemical modification yielded ambiguous results and therefore we decided here to produce a double mutant C47S/Y108V by site directed mutagenesis and further expression in Escherichia coli and the interaction of EA and its GSH conjugate (EASG) examined by calorimetric studies and X-ray diffraction. Surprisingly, in the absence of Cys-47, Cys-101 (located at the dimer interface) becomes a target for modification by EA, albeit at a lower conjugation rate than Cys-47. The Cys-47 → Ser mutation in the double mutant enzyme induces a positive cooperativity between the two subunits when ligands with affinity to G-site bind to enzyme. However, this mutation does not seem to affect the thermodynamic properties of ligand binding to the electrophilic binding site (H-site) and the thermal or chemical stability of this double mutant does not significantly affect the unfolding mechanism in either the absence or presence of ligand. Crystal structures of apo and an EASG complex are essentially identical with a few exceptions in the H-site and in the water network at the dimer interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indalecio Quesada-Soriano
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
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76
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Kljun J, Bytzek AK, Kandioller W, Bartel C, Jakupec MA, Hartinger CG, Keppler BK, Turel I. Physicochemical Studies and Anticancer Potency of Ruthenium η-p-Cymene Complexes Containing Antibacterial Quinolones. Organometallics 2011; 30:2506-2512. [PMID: 21552495 PMCID: PMC3086571 DOI: 10.1021/om101180c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
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With the aim of exploring the anticancer properties of organometallic compounds with bioactive ligands, Ru(arene) compounds of the antibacterial quinolones nalidixic acid (2) and cinoxacin (3) were synthesized, and their physicochemical properties were compared to those of chlorido(η6-p-cymene)(ofloxacinato-κ2O,O)ruthenium(II) (1). All compounds undergo a rapid ligand exchange reaction from chlorido to aqua species. 2 and 3 are significantly more stable than 1 and undergo minor conversion to an unreactive [(cym)Ru(μ-OH)3Ru(cym)]+ species (cym = η6-p-cymene). In the presence of human serum albumin 1−3 form adducts with this transport protein within 20 min of incubation. With guanosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-GMP; as a simple model for reactions with DNA) very rapid reactions yielding adducts via its N7 atom were observed, illustrating that DNA is a possible target for this compound class. A moderate capacity of inhibiting tumor cell proliferation in vitro was observed for 1 in CH1 ovarian cancer cells, whereas 2 and 3 turned out to be inactive.
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Chatterjee S, Biondi I, Dyson PJ, Bhattacharyya A. A bifunctional organometallic ruthenium drug with multiple modes of inducing apoptosis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 16:715-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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From hydrolytically labile to hydrolytically stable RuII–arene anticancer complexes with carbohydrate-derived co-ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:224-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gasser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry I, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Požgan F, Toupet L, Dixneuf PH. Preparation of hexacoordinating benzimidazole containing ligand and hexakis(benzimidazole–ruthenium(ii)) complex. Molecular structure of C6{CH2-(N-benzimidazole–RuCl2(p-cymene))}6. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6619-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10316d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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81
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Zimbron JM, Sardo A, Heinisch T, Wohlschlager T, Gradinaru J, Massa C, Schirmer T, Creus M, Ward TR. Chemo-Genetic Optimization of DNA Recognition by Metallodrugs using a Presenter-Protein Strategy. Chemistry 2010; 16:12883-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pelletier F, Comte V, Massard A, Wenzel M, Toulot S, Richard P, Picquet M, Le Gendre P, Zava O, Edafe F, Casini A, Dyson PJ. Development of Bimetallic Titanocene−Ruthenium−Arene Complexes As Anticancer Agents: Relationships between Structural and Biological Properties. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6923-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1004804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Pelletier
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Comte
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Massard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Margot Wenzel
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Toulot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Richard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Michel Picquet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Le Gendre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, UMR 5260 CNRS—Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Zava
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Edafe
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Casini
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mattsson J, Zava O, Renfrew AK, Sei Y, Yamaguchi K, Dyson PJ, Therrien B. Drug delivery of lipophilic pyrenyl derivatives by encapsulation in a water soluble metalla-cage. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:8248-55. [PMID: 20689885 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00436g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of 2,4,6-tris(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (tpt) triangular panels with p-cymene (p-Pr(i)C(6)H(4)Me) ruthenium building blocks and 2,5-dioxydo-1,4-benzoquinonato (dobq) bridges, in the presence of a functionalised pyrenyl derivative (pyrene-R), affords the triangular prismatic host-guest compounds [(pyrene-R) [symbol: see text] Ru(6)(p-Pr(i)C(6)H(4)Me)(6)(tpt)(2)(dobq)(3)](6+) ([(pyrene-R) [symbol: see text] 1](6+)). The inclusion of eight mono-substituted pyrenyl derivatives including biologically relevant structures (a = 1-pyrenebutyric acid, b = 1-pyrenebutanol, c = 1-pyrenemethylamine, d = 1-pyrenemethylbutanoate, e = 1-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)pyrene, f = N-hexadecylpyrene-1-sulfonamide, g = pyrenyl ethacrynic amide and h = 2-(pyren-1-ylmethylcarbamoyl) phenyl acetate), and a di-substituted pyrenyl derivative (i = 1,8-bis(3-methyl-butyn-1-yl-3-ol)pyrene), has been accomplished. The carceplex nature of these systems with the pyrenyl moiety being firmly encapsulated in the hydrophobic cavity of the cage with the functional groups pointing outwards was confirmed by NMR ((1)H, 2D, DOSY) spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The cytotoxicities of these water-soluble compounds have been established using human ovarian A2780 cancer cells. All the host-guest systems are more cytotoxic than the empty cage itself [1][CF(3)SO(3)](6) (IC(50) = 23 microM), the most active carceplex [f [symbol: see text] 1][CF(3)SO(3)](6) is an order of magnitude more cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Mattsson
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchatel, 51 Ave de Bellevaux, CH-2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland
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Groessl M, Terenghi M, Casini A, Elviri L, Lobinski R, Dyson PJ. Reactivity of anticancer metallodrugs with serum proteins: new insights from size exclusion chromatography-ICP-MS and ESI-MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY 2010; 25:305-313. [PMID: 21151827 PMCID: PMC2999900 DOI: 10.1039/b922701f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A method based on the coupling of high resolution size-exclusion liquid chromatography using a polymer stationary phase with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was developed to study the interactions of two metallodrugs - cisplatin and RAPTA-T - with the serum proteins albumin and transferrin. In contrast to previous approaches, the technique allowed the total recovery of the metals from the column and was able to discriminate between the different species of the metallodrugs and their complexes with the proteins at femtomolar detection levels. Metal binding was found to be dependent on the protein concentration and on the incubation time of the sample. Cisplatin was found to bind the serum proteins to the same extent, whereas RAPTA-T showed marked preference for transferrin. The affinity of the ruthenium complex for holo-transferrin was higher than for the apo-form suggesting a cooperative iron-mediated metal binding mechanism. RAPTA-T binding to holo-transferrin was further investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry using both the intact protein and a model peptide mimicking the iron-binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groessl
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Fax: +41 (0)21 6939885; Tel: +41 (0)21 6939860
| | - Mattia Terenghi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 17/A, I-43100 Parma, Italy. ; Fax: +39 0521 905557; Tel: +39 0521 905476
| | - Angela Casini
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Fax: +41 (0)21 6939885; Tel: +41 (0)21 6939860
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Inorganica, Chimica Analitica, Chimica Fisica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 17/A, I-43100 Parma, Italy. ; Fax: +39 0521 905557; Tel: +39 0521 905476
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- CNRS/UPPA, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, UMR 5254, Hélioparc 2, Av. Pr. Angot, F-64053 Pau, France
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Fax: +41 (0)21 6939885; Tel: +41 (0)21 6939860
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85
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86
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Hillard EA, Vessières A, Jaouen G. Ferrocene Functionalized Endocrine Modulators as Anticancer Agents. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13185-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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87
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Phillips AD, Zava O, Scopelitti R, Nazarov AA, Dyson PJ. Rational Design of Highly Cytotoxic η6-Arene β-Diketiminato−Ruthenium Complexes. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Phillips
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Zava
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelitti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexey A. Nazarov
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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89
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Abstract
Neutral or cationic arene ruthenium complexes providing both hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic properties due to the robustness of the ruthenium-arene unit hold a high potential for the development of metal-based anticancer drugs. Mononuclear arene ruthenium complexes containing P- or N-donor ligands or N,N-, N,O- or O,O-chelating ligands, dinuclear arene ruthenium systems with adjustable organic linkers, trinuclear arene ruthenium clusters containing an oxo cap, tetranuclear arene ruthenium porphyrin derivatives that are photoactive, as well as hexanuclear ruthenium cages that are either empty or filled with other molecules have been shown to be active against a variety of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Süss-Fink
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Case postale 158, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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90
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Spencer J, Casini A, Zava O, Rathnam RP, Velhanda SK, Pfeffer M, Callear SK, Hursthouse MB, Dyson PJ. Excellent correlation between cathepsin B inhibition and cytotoxicity for a series of palladacycles. Dalton Trans 2009:10731-5. [PMID: 20023902 DOI: 10.1039/b912096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the five- or six-membered C,N or C,S-palladacycles [(L)PdCl](2) with PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) led to the monomeric complexes [(L)Pd(PTA)Cl] 6a, 6b and 7 where LH= N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylmethanamine, benzyl(methyl)sulfane or 1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one respectively. Dimeric complexes have also been synthesised: [Pd(2)L(2)(mu-dppe)Cl(2)], where LH = 1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (1a), (R)- or (S)-3-isopropyl-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (1b, 1c), [Pd(2)L(2)(mu-dppf)Cl(2)], where L= 1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (4a) or (R)-3-isopropyl-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one (4b), respectively, and dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene. The complexes were characterised in solution, by (1)H and (31)P NMR spectroscopy, and single crystals of complexes 6b and 7 were studied in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. The palladacycles were evaluated for in vitro activity as cytotoxic agents on A2780/S cells and also as cathepsin B inhibitors, an enzyme implicated in a number of cancer related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Spencer
- School of Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, UK ME4 4TB.
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Abstract
Interest in Ru anticancer drugs has been growing rapidly since NAMI-A ((ImH(+))[Ru(III)Cl(4)(Im)(S-dmso)], where Im = imidazole and S-dmso = S-bound dimethylsulfoxide) or KP1019 ((IndH(+))[Ru(III)Cl(4)(Ind)(2)], where Ind = indazole) have successfully completed phase I clinical trials and an array of other Ru complexes have shown promise for future development. Herein, the recent literature is reviewed critically to ascertain likely mechanisms of action of Ru-based anticancer drugs, with the emphasis on their reactions with biological media. The most likely interactions of Ru complexes are with: (i) albumin and transferrin in blood plasma, the former serving as a Ru depot, and the latter possibly providing active transport of Ru into cells; (ii) collagens of the extracellular matrix and actins on the cell surface, which are likely to be involved in the specific anti-metastatic action of Ru complexes; (iii) regulatory enzymes within the cell membrane and/or in the cytoplasm; and (iv) DNA in the cell nucleus. Some types of Ru complexes can also promote the intracellular formation of free radical species, either through irradiation (photodynamic therapy), or through reactions with cellular reductants. The metabolic pathways involve competition among reduction, aquation, and hydrolysis in the extracellular medium; binding to transport proteins, the extracellular matrix, and cell-surface biomolecules; and diffusion into cells; with the extent to which individual drugs participate in various steps along these pathways being crucial factors in determining whether they are mainly anti-metastatic or cytotoxic. This diversity of modes of action of Ru anticancer drugs is also likely to enhance their anticancer activities and to reduce the potential for them to develop tumour resistance. New approaches to metabolic studies, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence microscopy, are required to provide further mechanistic insights, which could lead to the rational design of improved Ru anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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92
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Meng X, Leyva ML, Jenny M, Gross I, Benosman S, Fricker B, Harlepp S, Hébraud P, Boos A, Wlosik P, Bischoff P, Sirlin C, Pfeffer M, Loeffler JP, Gaiddon C. A ruthenium-containing organometallic compound reduces tumor growth through induction of the endoplasmic reticulum stress gene CHOP. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5458-66. [PMID: 19549908 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin-derived anticancer therapy has been used for three decades despite its side effects. Other types of organometallic complexes, namely, some ruthenium-derived compounds (RDC), which would display cytotoxicity through different modes of action, might represent alternative therapeutic agents. We have studied both in vitro and in vivo the biological properties of RDC11, one of the most active compounds of a new class of RDCs that contain a covalent bond between the ruthenium atom and a carbon. We showed that RDC11 inhibited the growth of various tumors implanted in mice more efficiently than cisplatin. Importantly, in striking contrast with cisplatin, RDC11 did not cause severe side effects on the liver, kidneys, or the neuronal sensory system. We analyzed the mode of action of RDC11 and showed that RDC11 interacted poorly with DNA and induced only limited DNA damages compared with cisplatin, suggesting alternative transduction pathways. Indeed, we found that target genes of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, such as Bip, XBP1, PDI, and CHOP, were activated in RDC11-treated cells. Induction of the transcription factor CHOP, a crucial mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis, was also confirmed in tumors treated with RDC11. Activation of CHOP led to the expression of several of its target genes, including proapoptotic genes. In addition, the silencing of CHOP by RNA interference significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of RDC11. Altogether, our results led us to conclude that RDC11 acts by an atypical pathway involving CHOP and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and thus might provide an interesting alternative for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Meng
- UMRS692 INSERM, Signalisations Moléculaires et Neurodégénérescence, Université de Strasbourg, France
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93
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Ang W, Parker L, De Luca A, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Morton C, Lo Bello M, Parker M, Dyson P. Rational Design of an Organometallic Glutathione Transferase Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3854-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ang W, Parker L, De Luca A, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Morton C, Lo Bello M, Parker M, Dyson P. Rational Design of an Organometallic Glutathione Transferase Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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95
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Haquette P, Dumat B, Talbi B, Arbabi S, Renaud JL, Jaouen G, Salmain M. Synthesis of N-functionalized 2,2′-dipyridylamine ligands, complexation to ruthenium (II) and anchoring of complexes to papain from papaya latex. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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96
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Rudolf B, Salmain M, Palusiak M, Zakrzewski J. The phospha-Michael addition of dimethyl- and diphenylphosphites to the η1-N-maleimidato ligand: Inhibition of serine hydrolases by half-sandwich metallocarbonyl azaphosphonates. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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97
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Tuning the anticancer activity of maltol-derived ruthenium complexes by derivatization of the 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone moiety. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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98
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Auzias M, Gueniat J, Therrien B, Süss-Fink G, Renfrew AK, Dyson PJ. Arene–ruthenium complexes with ferrocene-derived ligands: Synthesis and characterization of complexes of the type [Ru(η6-arene)(NC5H4CH2NHOC-C5H4FeC5H5)Cl2] and [Ru(η6-arene)(NC3H3N(CH2)2O2C–C5H4FeC5H5)Cl2]. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zekri O, Hillard EA, Top S, Vessières A, Pigeon P, Plamont MA, Huché M, Boutamine S, McGlinchey MJ, Müller-Bunz H, Jaouen G. Role of aromatic substituents on the antiproliferative effects of diphenyl ferrocenyl butene compounds. Dalton Trans 2009:4318-26. [PMID: 19662309 DOI: 10.1039/b819812h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have been exploring the cytotoxic effects of conjugated phenylferrocene systems on breast cancer cells. Complexes with p-OH, p-NH(2), and p-NHC(O)CH(3) substitution show particularly high activity, with IC(50) values in the low or sub micromolar range for both the hormone-dependent MCF-7 and hormone-independent MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. We now present the synthesis, X-ray crystal structures and biochemical studies of analogous halogen or pseudo-halogen para-substituted compounds with R = Cl, (Z)-7a; Br, (Z)-7b; CF(3), (E)-7c; and CN, (E)-7d and (Z)-7d. Lacking hydrogen bonding groups, the compounds have low, but non-zero, relative binding affinity values for the oestrogen receptor alpha (RBA <or= 0.55%) as well as mildly exothermic ligand binding in in silico ER docking experiments. All compounds show estrogenic (proliferative) activity on the MCF-7 cell line. On MDA-MB-231 cells, the cyano complex (Z)-7d shows a reasonable cytotoxic effect (IC(50) = 11 microM), its isomer (E)-7d is only slightly cytotoxic (IC(50) = 60 microM), while the Cl, Br, and CF(3) derivatives have no effect. Cytotoxic properties, while they correlate somewhat with the resonance donating abilities of the substituent, are more strongly dependent on the presence of a proton in the functional group, supporting our prior proposition that electrophilic quinoid forms of the compounds could be active species in the cell. A correlation of the redox potential of the ferrocenyl moiety with the Hammett-Taft constants of the substituents was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouardia Zekri
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel, UMR CNRS 7223, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris, France
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Renfrew AK, Phillips AD, Egger AE, Hartinger CG, Bosquain SS, Nazarov AA, Keppler BK, Gonsalvi L, Peruzzini M, Dyson PJ. Influence of Structural Variation on the Anticancer Activity of RAPTA-Type Complexes: ptn versus pta. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om800899e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Renfrew
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrew D. Phillips
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alexander E. Egger
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sylvain S. Bosquain
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alexey A. Nazarov
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luca Gonsalvi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maurizio Peruzzini
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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