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Gómez-Flores-Ramos L, Álvarez-Gómez RM, Villarreal-Garza C, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Mohar A. Breast cancer genetics in young women: What do we know? MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 774:33-45. [PMID: 29173497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) in young women, generally defined in oncology as women who are 40 years of age or younger, represents 2 out of 10 BC cases in developing countries. Several research studies, including genetic cancer panel tests, genome-wide association studies, expression analyses and polymorphisms reports, have found that young women with BC exhibit a higher genetic susceptibility and specific genomic signature compared to postmenopausal women with BC. Thus, international guidelines recommend genetic counseling for this age population. This review presents the current state of the art of genetics and genomics with regards to young women with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Gómez-Flores-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Mario de la Cueva, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología, Subdivisión de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando # 22, Col. Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Álvarez-Gómez
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Subdivisión de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerlogía, Av. San Fernando # 22, Col. Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Subdivisión de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerlogía, Av. San Fernando # 22, Col. Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Cáncer de Mama, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Centro Médico Zambrano Hellion, 6° Piso Av. Batallón de San Patricio #112 Col. Real San Agustín, San Pedro Garza García C.P. 66278, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Subdivisión de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerlogía, Av. San Fernando # 22, Col. Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Mohar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Mario de la Cueva, Coyoacán, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología, Subdivisión de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando # 22, Col. Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Wu H, Wu X, Liang Z. Impact of germline and somatic BRCA1/2 mutations: tumor spectrum and detection platforms. Gene Ther 2017; 24:601-609. [PMID: 28771233 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The BRCA1/2 genes are long and complex and mutation carriers are at risk of developing malignancies, mainly of gynecological origin. Various mutations arise in these genes and their characterization is a time-consuming, cost intensive, complicated process. Tumors of BRCA1/2 origin have distinct molecular and histological features that can impact responses to therapy. Therefore, detection of these mutations constitutes an important step in the risk assessment, prevention strategy and treatment of subjects. Although Sanger sequencing is the gold standard for the detection of genetic mutations, several next generation sequencing-based high throughput platforms have been developed and adapted for the detection of BRCA1/2 mutations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the sequencing platforms available for the screening and identification of these mutations. We also summarize what is known about the different types of mutations that arise in these genes and the tumor spectra they result in. Finally, we present a short discussion on existing clinical guidelines which assist physicians in the decision-making process. These parameters have important consequences for the management of patients and an urgent need exists for the development of detection platforms that are cost effective and can provide clinicians with conclusive results within a significantly shorter time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Torres D, Bermejo JL, Rashid MU, Briceño I, Gil F, Beltran A, Ariza V, Hamann U. Prevalence and Penetrance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Germline Mutations in Colombian Breast Cancer Patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4713. [PMID: 28680148 PMCID: PMC5498630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic BRCA1/2 germline mutations confer high risks of breast and ovarian cancer to women of European ancestry. Characterization of BRCA1/2 mutations in other ethnic groups is also medically important. We comprehensively screened 68 Colombian breast/ovarian cancer families for small-range mutations, 221 families for large-genomic rearrangements, and 1,022 unselected breast cancer cases for Colombian founder mutations in BRCA1/2. The risk of cancer among relatives of mutation carriers and the mutation penetrance were estimated by survival analysis. Identified BRCA2 mutations included 6310delGA and the recurrent 1991del4 mutations. A novel large BRCA2 deletion was found in 0.9% of the screened families. Among unselected breast cancer cases, 3.3% tested positive for BRCA1/3450del4, 2.2% for BRCA1/A1708E, 1.1% for BRCA2/3034del4, and 0.4% for BRCA2/1991del4. Female relatives of carriers of BRCA1/2 founder mutations showed a 5.90 times higher risk of breast cancer, when the woman herself carried a BRCA1 mutation compared to a non-carrier (95% CI 2.01–17.3). The estimated cumulative risk of breast cancer by age 70 years for BRCA1 mutations carriers was 14% (95% CI 5–38) compared to 3% for the general Colombian population (relative risk of breast cancer 4.05). Together with known founder mutations, reported novel variants may ease a cost-effective BRCA1/2 screening in women with Colombian ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - J Lorenzo Bermejo
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M U Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH & RC), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - I Briceño
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.,Universidad de la Sabana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - F Gil
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - A Beltran
- Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia
| | - V Ariza
- Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia
| | - U Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Alvarez C, Tapia T, Perez-Moreno E, Gajardo-Meneses P, Ruiz C, Rios M, Missarelli C, Silva M, Cruz A, Matamala L, Carvajal-Carmona L, Camus M, Carvallo P. BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations account for 78% of germline carriers among hereditary breast cancer families in Chile. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74233-74243. [PMID: 29088781 PMCID: PMC5650336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying founder mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in specific populations constitute a valuable opportunity for genetic screening. Several studies from different populations have reported recurrent and/or founder mutations representing a relevant proportion of BRCA mutation carriers. In Latin America, only few founder mutations have been described. We screened 453 Chilean patients with hereditary breast cancer for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. For recurrent mutations, we genotyped 11 microsatellite markers in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in order to determine a founder effect through haplotype analysis. We found a total of 25 mutations (6 novel) in 71 index patients among which, nine are present exclusively in Chilean patients. Our analysis revealed the presence of nine founder mutations, 4 in BRCA1 and 5 in BRCA2, shared by 2 to 10 unrelated families and spread in different regions of Chile. Our panel contains the highest amount of founder mutations until today and represents the highest percentage (78%) of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. We suggest that the dramatic reduction of Amerindian population due to smallpox and wars with Spanish conquerors, a scarce population increase during 300 years, and the geographic position of Chile constituted a favorable scenario to establish founder genetic markers in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alvarez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Tapia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elisa Perez-Moreno
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Gajardo-Meneses
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Ruiz
- Centro de Cáncer, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mabel Rios
- Unidad de Patología Mamaria, Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Mariela Silva
- Unidad de Patología Mamaria, Hospital Base de Valdivia, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Adolfo Cruz
- Unidad de Patología Mamaria, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Matamala
- Unidad de Patología Mamaria, Hospital Regional de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Luis Carvajal-Carmona
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mauricio Camus
- Centro de Cáncer, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pilar Carvallo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Buleje J, Guevara-Fujita M, Acosta O, Huaman FDP, Danos P, Murillo A, Pinto JA, Araujo JM, Aguilar A, Ponce J, Vigil C, Castaneda C, Calderon G, Gomez HL, Fujita R. Mutational analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Peruvian families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:481-494. [PMID: 28944232 PMCID: PMC5606899 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. In Peru, breast cancer is the second cause of death among women. Five to ten percent of patients present a high genetic predisposition due to BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations. Methods We performed a comprehensive analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes by Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to detect large rearrangements in patients from 18 families, which met the criteria for hereditary breast cancer. Results In this series, we found four pathogenic mutations, three previously reported (BRCA1: c.302‐1G>C and c.815_824dup10; BRCA2: c.5946delT) and a duplication of adenines in exon 15 in BRCA1 gene (c.4647_4648dupAA, ClinVar SCV000256598.1). We also found two exonic and four intronic variants of unknown significance and 28 polymorphic variants. Conclusion This is the first report to determine the spectrum of mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes in Peruvian families selected by clinical and genetic criteria. The alteration rate in BRCA1/BRCA2 with proven pathogenic mutation was 22.2% (4 out 18) and this finding could be influenced by the reduced sample size or clinical criteria. In addition, we found three known BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations and a BRCA1 c.4647_4648dupAA as a novel pathogenic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Buleje
- Centro de Genética y Biología MolecularFacultad de Medicina HumanaUniversidad de San Martín de PorresLimaPerú
| | - Maria Guevara-Fujita
- Centro de Genética y Biología MolecularFacultad de Medicina HumanaUniversidad de San Martín de PorresLimaPerú
| | - Oscar Acosta
- Centro de Genética y Biología MolecularFacultad de Medicina HumanaUniversidad de San Martín de PorresLimaPerú
| | - Francia D P Huaman
- Centro de Genética y Biología MolecularFacultad de Medicina HumanaUniversidad de San Martín de PorresLimaPerú
| | - Pierina Danos
- Centro de Genética y Biología MolecularFacultad de Medicina HumanaUniversidad de San Martín de PorresLimaPerú
| | - Alexis Murillo
- Centro de Genética y Biología MolecularFacultad de Medicina HumanaUniversidad de San Martín de PorresLimaPerú
| | - Joseph A Pinto
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y TraslacionalOncosalud-AUNALimaPerú
| | | | - Alfredo Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Básica y TraslacionalOncosalud-AUNALimaPerú
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Fujita
- Centro de Genética y Biología MolecularFacultad de Medicina HumanaUniversidad de San Martín de PorresLimaPerú
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López-Cortés A, Guerrero S, Redal MA, Alvarado AT, Quiñones LA. State of Art of Cancer Pharmacogenomics in Latin American Populations. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E639. [PMID: 28545225 PMCID: PMC5485925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18060639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, several studies have shown that tumor-related somatic and germline alterations predicts tumor prognosis, drug response and toxicity. Latin American populations present a vast geno-phenotypic diversity due to the great interethnic and interracial mixing. This genetic flow leads to the appearance of complex characteristics that allow individuals to adapt to endemic environments, such as high altitude or extreme tropical weather. These genetic changes, most of them subtle and unexplored, could establish a mutational profile to develop new pharmacogenomic therapies specific for Latin American populations. In this review, we present the current status of research on somatic and germline alterations in Latin America compared to those found in Caucasian and Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés López-Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito 170527, Ecuador.
| | - Santiago Guerrero
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - María Ana Redal
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Diagnóstico Molecular, MEDgenomica, Buenos Aires 1000-1499, Argentina.
| | - Angel Tito Alvarado
- Unidad de Bioequivalencia y Medicina Personalizada, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima 12, Peru.
| | - Luis Abel Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 70111, Chile.
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McVeigh TP, Cody N, Carroll C, Duff M, Farrell M, Bradley L, Gallagher D, McDevitt T, Green AJ. Recurrent large genomic rearrangements in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in an Irish case series. Cancer Genet 2017; 214-215:1-8. [PMID: 28595730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 confer a highly increased risk of cancers, mainly of the breast and ovary. Most variants are point mutations or small insertions/deletions detectable by Sanger sequencing. Large genomic rearrangements, including deletions/duplications of multiple exons, are not routinely detectable by Sanger sequencing, but can be reliably identified by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA), and account for 5-17% mutations in different populations. Comprehensive mutation testing using these two methods has been facilitated via our centre since 2005. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of and phenotype associated with large genomic rearrangements in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in an Irish cohort. An observational cohort study was undertaken. Patients with large genomic rearrangements in BRCA1/BRCA2 were identified from a prospectively maintained database of MLPA test results. Phenotypic and genotypic data were retrieved by chart review. Large genomic rearrangements in BRCA1 were identified in 49 families; and in BRCA2 in 7 families, representing ~11% of mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 in Ireland. The most common large genomic rearrangement in BRCA1 was deletion of exons 1-23 (11 families, 7 from Co. Galway). Other common mutations included deletions of exon 3 (8 families) and exons 1-2 (6 families). Deletion of exons 19-20 in BRCA2 represented the familial mutation in five families, all from East Ireland (Wexford/Wicklow/Dublin). It is evident that a significant proportion of highly penetrant pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 will be missed if testing is limited to PCR-based Sanger sequencing alone. Screening for large genomic rearrangements in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the routine diagnostic workflow is critical to avoid false negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri P McVeigh
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Ireland.
| | - Nuala Cody
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Ireland
| | - Cliona Carroll
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Ireland
| | - Marie Duff
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Ireland
| | - Michael Farrell
- Cancer Genetics Service, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Ireland
| | - Lisa Bradley
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Ireland
| | - David Gallagher
- Cancer Genetics Service, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Ireland; Cancer Genetics Service, St James' University Hospital, UK
| | - Trudi McDevitt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Ireland
| | - Andrew J Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Ireland
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Lynce F, Graves KD, Jandorf L, Ricker C, Castro E, Moreno L, Augusto B, Fejerman L, Vadaparampil ST. Genomic Disparities in Breast Cancer Among Latinas. Cancer Control 2017; 23:359-372. [PMID: 27842325 DOI: 10.1177/107327481602300407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among Latinas in the United States and the leading cause of cancer-related death among this population. Latinas tend to be diagnosed at a later stage and have worse prognostic features than their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Genetic and genomic factors may contribute to observed breast cancer health disparities in Latinas. METHODS We provide a landscape of our current understanding and the existing gaps that need to be filled across the cancer prevention and control continuum. RESULTS We summarize available data on mutations in high and moderate penetrance genes for inherited risk of breast cancer and the associated literature on disparities in awareness of and uptake of genetic counseling and testing in Latina populations. We also discuss common genetic polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer in Latinas. In the treatment setting, we examine tumor genomics and pharmacogenomics in Latina patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS As the US population continues to diversify, extending genetic and genomic research into this underserved and understudied population is critical. By understanding the risk of breast cancer among ethnically diverse populations, we will be better positioned to make treatment advancements for earlier stages of cancer, identify more effective and ideally less toxic treatment regimens, and increase rates of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lynce
- Health Outcomes and Behavior Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Multi-gene panel testing for hereditary cancer predisposition in unsolved high-risk breast and ovarian cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 163:383-390. [PMID: 28281021 PMCID: PMC5410210 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Many women with an elevated risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer have previously tested negative for pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Among them, a subset has hereditary susceptibility to cancer and requires further testing. We sought to identify specific groups who remain at high risk and evaluate whether they should be offered multi-gene panel testing. Methods We tested 300 women on a multi-gene panel who were previously enrolled in a long-term study at UCSF. As part of their long-term care, all previously tested negative for mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 either by limited or comprehensive sequencing. Additionally, they met one of the following criteria: (i) personal history of bilateral breast cancer, (ii) personal history of breast cancer and a first or second degree relative with ovarian cancer, and (iii) personal history of ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal carcinoma. Results Across the three groups, 26 women (9%) had a total of 28 pathogenic mutations associated with hereditary cancer susceptibility, and 23 women (8%) had mutations in genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2. Ashkenazi Jewish and Hispanic women had elevated pathogenic mutation rates. In addition, two women harbored pathogenic mutations in more than one hereditary predisposition gene. Conclusions Among women at high risk of breast and ovarian cancer who have previously tested negative for pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, we identified three groups of women who should be considered for subsequent multi-gene panel testing. The identification of women with multiple pathogenic mutations has important implications for family testing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10549-017-4181-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Characteristics of BRCA1/2 mutations carriers including large genomic rearrangements in high risk breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 163:139-150. [PMID: 28205045 PMCID: PMC5387004 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the prevalence of BRCA1/2 small mutations and large genomic rearrangements in high risk breast cancer patients who attended a genetic counseling clinic. METHODS In total 478 patients were assessed for BRCA1/2 mutations by direct sequencing, of whom, 306 were identified as non-carriers of BRCA1/2 mutation and assessed for large rearrangement mutations by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Family history and clinicopathological characteristics of patients were evaluated. RESULTS Sixty-three mutation carriers (13.2%) were identified with BRCA1 mutations (6.3%) and BRCA2 mutations (6.9%), respectively. Mutation frequency was affected by familial and personal factors. Breast cancer patients with family history of breast and ovarian cancer showed the highest prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations (67%), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients showed high BRCA1 mutation prevalence (25%). The three probands of BRCA1 deletion (1%) represented both familial risk and personal or clinicopathological risk factors as two with TNBC and one with bilateral ovarian cancer. DISCUSSION This is the largest study assessing large genomic rearrangement prevalence in Korea and BRCA1 deletion frequency was low as 1% in patients without BRCA1/2 small mutations. For clinical utility of large genomic rearrangement testing needs further study.
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Cruz-Correa M, Pérez-Mayoral J, Dutil J, Echenique M, Mosquera R, Rivera-Román K, Umpierre S, Rodriguez-Quilichini S, Gonzalez-Pons M, Olivera MI, Pardo S. Hereditary cancer syndromes in Latino populations: genetic characterization and surveillance guidelines. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2017; 15:3. [PMID: 28127413 PMCID: PMC5251307 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-017-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes comprise approximately 10% of diagnosed cancers; however, familial forms are believed to account for up to 30% of some cancers. In Hispanics, the most commonly diagnosed hereditary cancers include colorectal cancer syndromes such as, Lynch Syndrome, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes. Although the incidence of hereditary cancers is low, patients diagnosed with hereditary cancer syndromes are at high-risk for developing secondary cancers. Furthermore, the productivity loss that occurs after cancer diagnosis in these high-risk patients has a negative socio-economic impact. This review summarizes the genetic basis, phenotype characteristics, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's screening, testing, and surveillance guidelines for the leading hereditary cancer syndromes. The aim of this review is to promote a better understanding of cancer genetics and genetic testing in Hispanic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Cruz-Correa
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR USA
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PMB711 Ave. De Diego 89 Ste. 105, San Juan, PR 00927-6346 USA
| | - Julyann Pérez-Mayoral
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR USA
| | - Julie Dutil
- Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR USA
| | | | | | - Keila Rivera-Román
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR USA
| | - Sharee Umpierre
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR USA
| | | | - Maria Gonzalez-Pons
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR USA
| | - Myrta I. Olivera
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR USA
| | - Sherly Pardo
- Department of Pathology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR USA
| | - on behalf of the Puerto Rico Clinical Cancer Genetics Consortia
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR USA
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, School of Medicine, San Juan, PR USA
- Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR USA
- Cancer Center, Auxilio Mutuo Hospital, San Juan, PR USA
- Puerto Rico Gastroenterology Association, San Juan, PR USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR USA
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PMB711 Ave. De Diego 89 Ste. 105, San Juan, PR 00927-6346 USA
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Kim YC, Soliman AS, Cui J, Ramadan M, Hablas A, Abouelhoda M, Hussien N, Ahmed O, Zekri ARN, Seifeldin IA, Wang SM. Unique Features of Germline Variation in Five Egyptian Familial Breast Cancer Families Revealed by Exome Sequencing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167581. [PMID: 28076423 PMCID: PMC5226826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition increases the risk of familial breast cancer. Recent studies indicate that genetic predisposition for familial breast cancer can be ethnic-specific. However, current knowledge of genetic predisposition for the disease is predominantly derived from Western populations. Using this existing information as the sole reference to judge the predisposition in non-Western populations is not adequate and can potentially lead to misdiagnosis. Efforts are required to collect genetic predisposition from non-Western populations. The Egyptian population has high genetic variations in reflecting its divergent ethnic origins, and incident rate of familial breast cancer in Egypt is also higher than the rate in many other populations. Using whole exome sequencing, we investigated genetic predisposition in five Egyptian familial breast cancer families. No pathogenic variants in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other classical breast cancer-predisposition genes were present in these five families. Comparison of the genetic variants with those in Caucasian familial breast cancer showed that variants in the Egyptian families were more variable and heterogeneous than the variants in Caucasian families. Multiple damaging variants in genes of different functional categories were identified either in a single family or shared between families. Our study demonstrates that genetic predisposition in Egyptian breast cancer families may differ from those in other disease populations, and supports a comprehensive screening of local disease families to determine the genetic predisposition in Egyptian familial breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong C. Kim
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Amr S. Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ASS); (SMW)
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Ramadan
- Gharbiah Cancer Society, Gharbiah Population-based Registry, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hablas
- Gharbiah Cancer Society, Gharbiah Population-based Registry, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Nehal Hussien
- Egypt National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola Ahmed
- Egypt National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - San Ming Wang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ASS); (SMW)
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Prevalence and spectrum of BRCA germline variants in mainland Chinese familial breast and ovarian cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9600-12. [PMID: 26848529 PMCID: PMC4891063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most penetrating genetic predispositions for breast and ovarian cancer, and their presence is largely ethnic-specific. Comprehensive information about the prevalence and spectrum of BRCA mutations has been collected in European and North American populations. However, similar information is lacking in other populations, including the mainland Chinese population despite its large size of 1.4 billion accounting for one fifth of the world's population. Herein, we performed an extensive literature analysis to collect BRCA variants identified from mainland Chinese familial breast and ovarian cancer patients. We observed 137 distinct BRCA1 variants in 409 of 3,844 and 80 distinct BRCA2 variants in 157 of 3,024 mainland Chinese patients, with an estimated prevalence of 10.6% for BRCA1 and 5.2% for BRCA2. Of these variants, only 40.3% in BRCA1 and 42.5% in BRCA2 are listed in current Breast Cancer Information Core database. We observed higher frequent variation in BRCA1 exons 11A, 11C, 11D, and 24 and BRCA2 exon 10 in Chinese patients than in the patients of other populations. The most common pathogenic variant in BRCA1 wasc.981_982delAT in exon 11A, and in BRCA2 c.3195_3198delTAAT in exon 11B and c.5576_5579delTTAA in exon 11E; the most common novel variant in BRCA1 was c.919A>G in exon 10A, and in BRCA2 c.7142delC in exon 14. None of the variants overlap with the founder mutations in other populations. Our analysis indicates that the prevalence of BRCA variation in mainland Chinese familial breast and ovarian cancer patients is at a level similar to but the spectrum is substantially different from the ones of other populations.
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Contribution of BRCA1 large genomic rearrangements to early-onset and familial breast/ovarian cancer in Pakistan. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 161:191-201. [PMID: 27826754 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) account for the majority of hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancers. Pakistan has one of the highest rates of breast cancer incidence in Asia, where BRCA1/2 small-range mutations account for 17% of early-onset and familial breast/ovarian cancer patients. We report the first study from Pakistan evaluating the prevalence of BRCA1/2 large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) in breast and/or ovarian cancer patients who do not harbor small-range BRCA1/2 mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both BRCA1/2 genes were comprehensively screened for LGRs using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification in 120 BRCA1/2 small-range mutations negative early-onset or familial breast/ovarian cancer patients from Pakistan (Group 1). The breakpoints were characterized by long-range PCR- and DNA-sequencing analyses. An additional cohort of 445 BRCA1/2 negative high-risk patients (Group 2) was analyzed for the presence of LGRs identified in Group 1. RESULTS Three different BRCA1 LGRs were identified in Group 1 (4/120; 3.3%), two of these were novel. Exon 1-2 deletion was observed in two unrelated patients: an early-onset breast cancer patient and another bilateral breast cancer patient from a hereditary breast cancer (HBC) family. Novel exon 20-21 deletion was detected in a 29-year-old breast cancer patient from a HBC family. Another novel exon 21-24 deletion was identified in a breast-ovarian cancer patient from a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer family. The breakpoints of all deletions were characterized. Screening of the 445 patients in Group 2 for the three LGRs revealed ten additional patients harboring exon 1-2 deletion or exon 21-24 deletion (10/445; 2.2%). No BRCA2 LGRs were identified. CONCLUSIONS LGRs in BRCA1 are found with a considerable frequency in Pakistani breast/ovarian cancer cases. Our findings suggest that BRCA1 exons 1-2 deletion and exons 21-24 deletion should be included in the recurrent BRCA1/2 mutations panel for genetic testing of high-risk Pakistani breast/ovarian cancer patients.
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Solano AR, Cardoso FC, Romano V, Perazzo F, Bas C, Recondo G, Santillan FB, Gonzalez E, Abalo E, Viniegra M, Michel JD, Nuñez LM, Noblia CM, Mc Lean I, Canton ED, Chacon RD, Cortese G, Varela EB, Greco M, Barrientos ML, Avila SA, Vuotto HD, Lorusso A, Podesta EJ, Mando OG. Spectrum of BRCA1/2 variants in 940 patients from Argentina including novel, deleterious and recurrent germline mutations: impact on healthcare and clinical practice. Oncotarget 2016; 8:60487-60495. [PMID: 28947987 PMCID: PMC5601155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1/2 mutations in Latin America are scarcely documented and in serious need of knowledge about the spectrum of BRCA pathogenic variants, information which may alter clinical practice and subsequently improve patient outcome. In addition, the search for data on testing policies in different regions constitutes a fundamental strength for the present study, which analyzes BRCA1/2 gene sequences and large rearrangements in 940 probands with familial and/or personal history of breast/ovary cancer (BOC). In non-mutated DNA samples, Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification assays (MLPA) were used for the analysis of large rearrangements. Our studies detected 179 deleterious mutations out of 940 (19.04%) probands, including 5 large rearrangements and 22 novel mutations. The recurrent mutations accounted for 15.08% of the total and only 2.87% of the probands analyzed, very different from a Hispanic panel previously described. In conclusion: a) this first comprehensive description of the spectrum in BRCA1/2 sheds light on the low frequency of recurrent mutations; b) this information is key in clinical practice to select adequate sequencing studies in our population, subsequently improve patient outcome and prevent damage associated to false normal reports resulting from the use of invalid population panels; c) panels of mutations from other populations should be cautiously validated before imported, even those of apparently similar origin, a concept to be considered beyond significance in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rosaria Solano
- Genotipificación y Cáncer Hereditario, Centro de Educación Médicae Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cecilia Cardoso
- Genotipificación y Cáncer Hereditario, Centro de Educación Médicae Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Romano
- Genotipificación y Cáncer Hereditario, Centro de Educación Médicae Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Perazzo
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro de Educación Médicae Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Bas
- Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Recondo
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro de Educación Médicae Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Eduardo Gonzalez
- Mastología, Instituto de Oncología "Angel H. Roffo", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Abalo
- Instituto Universitario CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Viniegra
- Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lina María Nuñez
- Genética, Centro de Educación Médicae Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Maria Noblia
- Mastología, Instituto de Oncología "Angel H. Roffo", Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Mc Lean
- Centro Mamario, Hospital Universitario Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique Diaz Canton
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro de Educación Médicae Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Reinaldo Daniel Chacon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Cortese
- Patología Mamaria, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martin", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Martín Greco
- Servicio de Oncología, Centro de Educación Médicae Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Barrientos
- Hospital Regional Victor M. Sanguinetti, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Escalante, Argentina
| | | | | | - Antonio Lorusso
- Liga Argentina de Lucha contra el Cancer (LALCEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Jorge Podesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas (INBIOMED), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Gaspar Mando
- DAM, Centro de Educación Médicae Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Alemar B, Herzog J, Brinckmann Oliveira Netto C, Artigalás O, Schwartz IVD, Matzenbacher Bittar C, Ashton-Prolla P, Weitzel JN. Prevalence of Hispanic BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among hereditary breast and ovarian cancer patients from Brazil reveals differences among Latin American populations. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:417-422. [PMID: 27425403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA) are responsible for 5-15% of breast (BC) and ovarian cancers (OC), predisposing to the development of early onset and often multiple primary tumors. Since mutation carriers can benefit from risk-reducing interventions, the identification of individuals with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome has a significant clinical impact. We assessed whether a panel assay for recurrent Hispanic BRCA mutations (HISPANEL) has an adequate breadth of coverage to be suitable as a cost effective screening tool for HBOC in a cohort of patients from Southern Brazil. A multiplex, PCR-based panel was used to genotype 232 unrelated patients for 114 germline BRCA mutations, finding deleterious mutations in 3.5% of them. This mutation prevalence is within the range detected by the HISPANEL among BC patients unselected for family history in other Latin American settings. The HISPANEL would have accounted for 27% of the BRCA mutations detected by complete sequencing in a comparison cohort (n = 193). This prevalence may be region-specific since significant differences in population structure exist in Brazil. Comprehensive analysis of BRCA in a larger set of HBOC patients from different Brazilian regions is warranted, and the results could inform customization of the HISPANEL as an affordable mutation screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Alemar
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500-Prédio 43323M, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil; Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Josef Herzog
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Cristina Brinckmann Oliveira Netto
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Artigalás
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento (HMV), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 910, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91790-560, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa D Schwartz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500-Prédio 43323M, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-903, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500-Prédio 43323M, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Camila Matzenbacher Bittar
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500-Prédio 43323M, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500-Prédio 43323M, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil; Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-903, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-903, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500-Prédio 43323M, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Ossa CA, Torres D. Founder and Recurrent Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes in Latin American Countries: State of the Art and Literature Review. Oncologist 2016; 21:832-9. [PMID: 27286788 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological factors affect the probability of developing breast or ovarian cancer, but no predictor is as determinant as inheriting a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. The concept of the founder effect explains the reduced genetic variability in some populations, according to the theory that new populations can be formed from a reduced number of individuals, so the new population would carry only a small fraction of the genetic variability of the original population. The main purpose of this review is to provide an update on the state of the art in founder mutations and some recurrent mutations that have recently been described in Latin America. METHODS A literature search was performed in the electronic databases of PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS, and BIREME using the terms BRCA1, BRCA2, founder mutation, Latin American population, and Hispanic. Sixty-two papers were identified, of which 38 were considered relevant for this review. Each result is shown per country. RESULTS In Latin America, clear founder effects have been reported in Mexico (BRCA1 del exons 9-12), Brazil (BRCA1 5382insC and BRCA2 c.156_157insAlu), and Colombia (BRCA1 3450del4, A1708E, and BRCA2 3034del4) and in Latinas residing in Southern California (BRCA1 185delAG, IVS5+1G>A, S955x, and R1443x). Of these, mutation BRCA1 3450del4 has also been reported in Brazil and Chile, whereas mutation BRCA2 3034del4 has been reported in Argentina and Peru. These data support the idea that although most Hispanic populations are the result of a mixture between Europeans, Africans, and Amerindians, the relative proportion of each genetic component varies throughout the Hispanic populations, making it necessary to identify the mutations characteristic of each population to generate mutation profiles adjusted to each one of them. CONCLUSION In Latin American countries, and even among regions of the same country, there is great heterogeneity of ancestors. Therefore, Latinas should not be analyzed like other population groups without taking into account their genetic ancestry. The presence of founder mutations in specific population groups represents a cost-effective analysis. The importance of determining the founder mutations lies mainly in the decrease in costs. If we manage to decrease costs, screenings could be offered more widely and cover a larger number of women. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Hispanic and African-American populations are four to five times less likely than other populations worldwide to receive screening for BRCA mutations, a main reason being the high costs of these tools. The present study seeks to identify the prevalent mutations and the founder effect in the BRCA gene in the Hispanic population to address specific panels for this population group in the future and develop strategies for population screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andrés Ossa
- Instituto Cancerología Las Americas, Medellín, Colombia Centro de Excelencia en Mama de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Torres
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Dutil J, Golubeva VA, Pacheco-Torres AL, Diaz-Zabala HJ, Matta JL, Monteiro AN. The spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 alleles in Latin America and the Caribbean: a clinical perspective. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 154:441-53. [PMID: 26564481 PMCID: PMC4661195 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary cancer predisposition gene testing allows the identification of individuals at high risk of cancer that may benefit from increased surveillance, chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgery. In order to implement clinical genetic strategies adapted to each population's needs and intrinsic genetic characteristic, this review aims to present the current status of knowledge about the spectrum of BRCA pathogenic variants in Latin American populations. We have conducted a comprehensive review of 33 studies published between 1994 and 2015 reporting the prevalence and/or spectrum of BRCA1 (OMIM 113705) and BRCA2 (OMIM 600185) variants. The combined sample size for these studies consisted of 4835 individuals from 13 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as in Hispanics in the United States. A total of 167 unique pathogenic variants have been reported in the existing literature. In unselected breast cancer cases, the prevalence ranged from 1.2 to 27.1%. Some countries presented a few recurrent pathogenic variants, while others were characterized by diverse, non-recurrent variants. The proportion of BRCA pathogenic variants shared between Hispanics in the United States and Latin American populations was estimated at 10.4%. Within Latin America and the Caribbean, 8.2% of the BRCA variants reported were present in more than one country. Countries with high prevalence of BRCA pathogenic variants may benefit from more aggressive testing strategies, while testing of recurrent variant panels might present a cost-effective solution for improving genetic testing in some, but not all, countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dutil
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA.
| | - Volha A Golubeva
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Jaime L Matta
- Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Alvaro N Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Villarreal-Garza C, Weitzel JN, Llacuachaqui M, Sifuentes E, Magallanes-Hoyos MC, Gallardo L, Alvarez-Gómez RM, Herzog J, Castillo D, Royer R, Akbari M, Lara-Medina F, Herrera LA, Mohar A, Narod SA. The prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among young Mexican women with triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:389-94. [PMID: 25716084 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Various guidelines recommend that women with triple-negative breast cancer should be tested for BRCA1 mutations, but the prevalence of mutations may vary with ethnic group and with geographic region, and the optimal cutoff age for testing has not been established. We estimated the frequencies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) mutations among 190 women with triple-negative breast cancer, unselected for family history, diagnosed at age 50 or less at a single hospital in Mexico City. Patients were screened for 115 recurrent BRCA mutations, which have been reported previously in women of Hispanic origin, including a common large rearrangement Mexican founder mutation (BRCA1 ex9-12del). A BRCA mutation was detected in 44 of 190 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (23 %). Forty-three mutations were found in BRCA1 and one mutation was found in BRCA2. Seven different mutations accounted for 39 patients (89 % of the total mutations). The Mexican founder mutation (BRCA1 ex9-12del) was found 18 times and accounted for 41 % of all mutations detected. There is a high prevalence of BRCA1 mutations among young triple-negative breast cancer patients in Mexico. Women with triple-negative breast cancer in Mexico should be screened for mutations in BRCA1.
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70
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Anderson K, Thompson PA, Wertheim BC, Martin L, Komenaka IK, Bondy M, Daneri-Navarro A, Meza-Montenegro MM, Gutierrez-Millan LE, Brewster A, Madlensky L, Tobias M, Natarajan L, Martínez ME. Family history of breast and ovarian cancer and triple negative subtype in hispanic/latina women. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:727. [PMID: 25713754 PMCID: PMC4332916 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Familial breast and ovarian cancer prevalence was assessed among 1150 women of Mexican descent enrolled in a case-only, binational breast cancer study. Logistic regression was conducted to compare odds of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) to non-TNBC according to family history of breast and breast or ovarian cancer among 914 of these women. Prevalence of breast cancer family history in a first- and first- or second-degree relative was 13.1% and 24.1%, respectively; that for breast or ovarian cancer in a first-degree relative was 14.9%. After adjustment for age and country of residence, women with a first-degree relative with breast cancer were more likely to be diagnosed with TNBC than non-TNBC (OR=1.98; 95% CI, 1.26-3.11). The odds of TNBC compared to non-TNBC were 1.93 (95% CI, 1.26-2.97) for women with a first-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer. There were non-significant stronger associations between family history and TNBC among women diagnosed at age <50 compared to ≥50 years for breast cancer in a first-degree relative (P-interaction = 0.14) and a first- or second-degree relative (P-interaction = 0.07). Findings suggest that familial breast cancers are associated with triple negative subtype, possibly related to BRCA mutations in Hispanic/Latina women, which are strongly associated with TNBC. Family history is an important tool to identify Hispanic/Latina women who may be at increased risk of TNBC, and could benefit from prevention and early detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Anderson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., #0901, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901 USA
| | | | | | - Lorena Martin
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abenaa Brewster
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lisa Madlensky
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., #0901, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901 USA ; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Malaika Tobias
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., #0901, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901 USA
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., #0901, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901 USA ; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - María Elena Martínez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., #0901, La Jolla, CA 92093-0901 USA ; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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Abugattas J, Llacuachaqui M, Allende YS, Velásquez AA, Velarde R, Cotrina J, Garcés M, León M, Calderón G, de la Cruz M, Mora P, Royer R, Herzog J, Weitzel JN, Narod SA. Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in unselected breast cancer patients from Peru. Clin Genet 2014; 88:371-5. [PMID: 25256238 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among breast cancer patients in Peru has not yet been explored. We enrolled 266 women with breast cancer from a National cancer hospital in Lima, Peru, unselected for age or family history. DNA was screened with a panel of 114 recurrent Hispanic BRCA mutations (HISPANEL). Among the 266 cases, 13 deleterious mutations were identified (11 in BRCA1 and 2 in BRCA2), representing 5% of the total. The average age of breast cancer in the mutation-positive cases was 44 years. BRCA1 185delAG represented 7 of 11 mutations in BRCA1. Other mutations detected in BRCA1 included: two 2080delA, one 943ins10, and one 3878delTA. The BRCA2 3036del4 mutation was seen in two patients. Given the relatively low cost of the HISPANEL test, one should consider offering this test to all Peruvian women with breast or ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abugattas
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - M Llacuachaqui
- Familial Breast Cancer Research Unit, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Y Sullcahuaman Allende
- Unidad de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru.,Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - A Arias Velásquez
- Unidad de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - R Velarde
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - J Cotrina
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - M Garcés
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - M León
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - G Calderón
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - M de la Cruz
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - P Mora
- Departamento de Mamas, Partes Blandas y Piel, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
| | - R Royer
- Familial Breast Cancer Research Unit, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Herzog
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J N Weitzel
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S A Narod
- Familial Breast Cancer Research Unit, Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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72
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Quinn GP. Improving cancer clinical research and trials with Hispanic populations: training and outreach efforts between Moffitt Cancer Center and the Ponce School of Medicine. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2014; 9:223-224. [PMID: 25766972 PMCID: PMC5245171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn P Quinn
- Moffitt Cancer Center Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida 12902 Magnolia Drive MRC-CANCONT Tampa, FL, USA.
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