Micromethods for induction and assay of mouse mixed lymphocyte reactions and cytotoxicity

Influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in man; induction and properties of the cytotoxic cell

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes have been sensitized in vitro to influenza virus antigen. After an induction period of 4--14 days, cytotoxic cells which lyse autologous influenza virus-infected lymphoid cells could be demonstrated. The cytotoxic cell is a T lymphocyte which shows specificity for sensitizing influenza virus type A or B. It cannot distinguish between major subtypes of influenza A virus. The use of virus-infected normal lymphoid cells as target cells overcame the difficulties of nonspecific killing encountered with some transformed cells.

Interferon enhances T cell mediated cytotoxicity of H-2 compatible target cells infected with UV-inactivated herpes simplex virus

Mouse L-cells infected with UV-inactivated HSV could serve as suitable targets for monitoring H-2 restricted cytotoxicity mediated by HSV-immune T cells. Cytotoxic potential of immune T cells for H-2 compatible targets exposed to UV-inactivated HSV was enhanced if the later were pretreated with mouse interferon.

Responsiveness to HY antigen Ir gene complementation and target cell specificity

The H-2 restricted nature of the cytotoxic T cell responses to the HY antigen in mice has been reviewed, together with mapping data for the H-2 K and/or D association of responses to male cells of the following haplotypes: H-2b, H-2d, H-2k, H-2s. Ir gene complementation is implicated in the HY response of a number of F1 mice derived from non-responder parental haplotypes, and in one recombinant strain. Thus, at least two and possibly more Ir genes are involved in the anti-HY response, in addition to the K and/or D gene products with which HY is obligatorily associated, certainly at the target cell level.

Mouse lymphocytes with and without surface immunoglobulin: preparative scale separation in polystyrene tissue culture dishes coated with specifically purified anti-immunoglobulin

Mouse spleen cells could be preparatively separated into immunoglobulin positive (Ig+) and immunoglobulin-netative (Ig-)populations by incubating as many as 2 X 10(8) cells per 100 mm diameter petri plate coated with specifically purified goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin. The non-adherent population was 95% or more Ig-, and possessed graft versus host and cytotoxic effector activities, as would be expected for T cells. They could also give a mixed lymphocyte reaction and generate cytotoxic effector activity on culture in vitro. The adherent cells could not be released undamaged from plates coated with undiluted anti-Ig, but they could be released from plates coated with a 1/4 or 1/10 dilution of anti-Ig in an irrelevant antibody. The released cells were over 90% viable by trypan-blue staining, and 94% or more of the viable cells were Ig+.

The effect of allogeneic presensitization on H-Y graft survival and in vitro cell-mediated responses to H-y antigen

C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 female mice were grafted with skin from male or female donors incompatible for H-2 and/or non-H-2 antigens. Syngeneic male grafts applied after the rejection of primary allografts or syngeneic male grafts were rejected in accelerated (second set) fashion, whereas male grafts applied after primary female grafts were not. In addition, C57BL/10 female spleen cells, primed in vivo with an allogeneic (BALB/c, CBA, or B10.BR) male graft and challenged in vitro in mixed lymphocyte culture with syngeneic (C57BL/10) male cells, produced cytotoxic cells specific for syngeneic male target cells. We conclude that at least some component of H-Y is detected by female responder cells on allogeneic male cells, and that the second set cell mediated response to H-Y is not necessarily restricted by the H-2 haplotype of the primary sensitizing strain. Moreover, (CBA X B10) F1 females, primed in vivo with male cells of one parental haplotype (B10 or CBA) and challenged in vitro with male cells of the other parental haplotype (CBA or B10), fail to lyse male target cells of either parental haplotype. It therefore seems unlikely that a helper determinant shared between B10 and CBA is sufficient to explain the ability of CBA male cells to prime H-2-restricted T-cell cytotoxic responses by B10 females.

Stimulation of mixed lymphocyte cultures and cytotoxic responses: evidence that T cells express SD but not LD antigens, whereas B cells express both

By separating T and B cells from stimulator spleens it has been found that mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) and cytotoxic cells are generated in responder T cell populations by B but not by T stimulator cells in a wide variety of strain combinations. It is suggested that MLR-stimulating or LD antigens are expressed on B but not T cells, and that their presence is necessary in order to generate cototoxic responses to H-2K and/or H-2D (or SD) antigens which are present on both T and B cells. The finding that B cells and macrophages stimulate MLR is consistent with the hypothesis that Ia antigens, expressed on both these cell types but not on nylon column purified peripheral T cells, are the MLR-stimulating or LD determinants.

In vitro cell-mediated immune responses to the male specific(H-Y) antigen in mice

C57BL/10 female mice were primed to the male specific antigen H-Y, either by grafting with syngeneic male tail skin or by i.p. injection of syngeneic male spleen cells. Primed female spleen cells, either unseparated or filtered through nylon wool to remove most of the B lymphocytes, were then cultured for 5 days in vitro with irradiated syngeneic male spleen cells and assayed against 51Cr-labeled target cells. Both unseparated and nylon wool filtered female cells displayed significant cytotoxic activity restricted to male target cells. Pretreatment of sensitized female cells with antitheta serum and complement just before assay abolished cytotoxic responses. We were unable to demonstrate cell-mediated cytotoxic responses into two nonresponding strains, CBA and B10.A, which fail to reject male isografts. The cytotoxic activity of C57BL/10 female cells was restricted to male target cells histocompatible with C57BL/10 over at least a portion of the major (H-2) histocompatibility complex. We conclude that secondary in vitro cytotoxic responses against the H-Y antigen are mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and that the H-Y target cell antigen may be specified by the H-2 complex.