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Netea MG, Latz E, Mills KHG, O'Neill LAJ. Innate immune memory: a paradigm shift in understanding host defense. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:675-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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52
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Cheng SC, Quintin J, Cramer RA, Shepardson KM, Saeed S, Kumar V, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Martens JHA, Rao NA, Aghajanirefah A, Manjeri GR, Li Y, Ifrim DC, Arts RJW, van der Veer BMJW, van der Meer BMJW, Deen PMT, Logie C, O'Neill LA, Willems P, van de Veerdonk FL, van der Meer JWM, Ng A, Joosten LAB, Wijmenga C, Stunnenberg HG, Xavier RJ, Netea MG. mTOR- and HIF-1α-mediated aerobic glycolysis as metabolic basis for trained immunity. Science 2014; 345:1250684. [PMID: 25258083 DOI: 10.1126/science.1250684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1406] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming of myeloid cells, also known as trained immunity, confers nonspecific protection from secondary infections. Using histone modification profiles of human monocytes trained with the Candida albicans cell wall constituent β-glucan, together with a genome-wide transcriptome, we identified the induced expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism. Trained monocytes display high glucose consumption, high lactate production, and a high ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) to its reduced form (NADH), reflecting a shift in metabolism with an increase in glycolysis dependent on the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through a dectin-1-Akt-HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) pathway. Inhibition of Akt, mTOR, or HIF-1α blocked monocyte induction of trained immunity, whereas the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator metformin inhibited the innate immune response to fungal infection. Mice with a myeloid cell-specific defect in HIF-1α were unable to mount trained immunity against bacterial sepsis. Our results indicate that induction of aerobic glycolysis through an Akt-mTOR-HIF-1α pathway represents the metabolic basis of trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chin Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jessica Quintin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert A Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Kelly M Shepardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sadia Saeed
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nagesha Appukudige Rao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ali Aghajanirefah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ganesh R Manjeri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniela C Ifrim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob J W Arts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Brian M J W van der Veer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Brian M J W van der Meer
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter M T Deen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Colin Logie
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Peter Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Aylwin Ng
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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53
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Sebastian NT, Collins KL. Targeting HIV latency: resting memory T cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells and future directions. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:1187-201. [PMID: 25189526 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.956094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Current therapy for HIV effectively suppresses viral replication and prolongs life, but the infection persists due, at least in part, to latent infection of long-lived cells. One favored strategy toward a cure targets latent virus in resting memory CD4(+) T cells by stimulating viral production. However, the existence of an additional reservoir in bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells has been detected in some treated HIV-infected people. This review describes approaches investigators have used to reactivate latent proviral genomes in resting CD4(+) T cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. In addition, the authors review approaches for clearance of these reservoirs along with other important topics related to HIV eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia T Sebastian
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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54
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Huang E, Wells CA. The ground state of innate immune responsiveness is determined at the interface of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:13-9. [PMID: 24951823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages form the major cellular component of the innate immune system, with roles in tissue development, homeostasis, and host defense against infection. Environmental factors were shown to play a significant part in determining innate immune responsiveness, and this included systemic conditions, such as circulating glucose levels, gut microflora, time of year, and even diurnal rhythm, which had a direct impact on innate immune receptor expression. Although the underlying molecular processes are just beginning to emerge, it is clear that environmental factors may alter epigenetic states of peripheral blood monocytes and resident tissue macrophages. We conclude that some measure of cellular ground state must become an essential part of the analysis of myeloid responsiveness or infectious susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Huang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - Christine Anne Wells
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; and Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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55
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Chen B, Liu DL, Pan WY, Yang XH, Shou JB, Wu JH, Mao QL, Wang J. Use of lipolanthionine peptide, a toll-like receptor 2 inhibitor, enhances transdermal delivery efficiency. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:593-8. [PMID: 24858729 PMCID: PMC4094769 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transdermal delivery system (TDS) is able to obtain a systemic therapeutic effect by administration through the skin, which has low side effects and is able to maintain a sustained blood concentration. However, due to the barrier presented by the stratum corneum, numerous drugs have poor percutaneous permeability. Therefore, the improvement of skin permeability is key to TDS. The main method of promoting transdermal absorption is through the usage of penetration enhancers. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a commonly used penetration enhancer, which has anti-inflammatory analgesic effects and is able to penetrate the skin. Retinoic acid (RA) and lipolanthionine peptide (LP) may also benefit the permeation efficiency of TDS. Therefore, the present study examined the function of DMSO, RA and LP as penetration enhancers in TDS. Firstly, the optimum concentration of DMSO was confirmed by detecting the expression of the LacZ gene in vitro. Secondly, different combinations of LP, RA and DMSO were applied to mouse skin to analyze the penetration enhancer combination with the greatest efficacy. All the animals were divided into five groups: The RA + LP + DMSO + pORF-LacZ group, the RA + DMSO + pORF-LacZ group, the LP + DMSO + pORF-LacZ group, the DMSO + pORF-LacZ group and the control group. Skin was soaked in combinations of LP, RA and DMSO for seven days and then the pORF-LacZ plasmids were daubed onto the skin once daily three days. On the 11th day, all the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the skin and blood samples were collected. The blood samples were used to detect the expression of the LacZ gene by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the skin samples were used to detect the expression of claudin-4 and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) proteins by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that the combination of LP, RA and DMSO exhibited the greatest transdermal delivery efficiency, which verified that RA and LP were able to increase the penetration effects. Following treatment with LP, the symptoms of dermal edema were relieved and the capillaries contracted, which suggested that LP was a safe and effective penetration enhancer able to reduce the side-effects caused by DMSO. The present study provides a guideline for the synthesis of novel penetration enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Da-Lie Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Bao Shou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Hua Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Long Mao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, P.R. China
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Vadillo E, Dorantes-Acosta E, Arriaga-Pizano L, Chavez-Gonzalez A, Reyes-Maldonado E, Garrett KP, Mayani H, Kincade PW, Pelayo R. Adult, but not neonatal, human lymphoid progenitors respond to TLR9 ligation by producing functional NK-like cells. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:562-73.e3. [PMID: 24721609 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in characterizing factors controlling lineage fate decisions of primitive progenitors that initiate the lymphoid program in bone marrow. However, the understanding of neonatal/adult differences in environmental signals that influence differentiation pathway stability is still incomplete. Our recent findings suggest that Toll-like receptors provide a mechanism for producing cells of the innate immune system from early stages of lymphoid development in mice. We now show that both human early multilymphoid progenitors and more differentiated lymphoid progenitors from normal adult bone marrow express TLR9. Furthermore, they respond to its ligation by upregulating the expression of IL-15Rβ (CD122) and accelerating the production of functional natural killer (NK)-like cells. Proliferation of the presumed equivalent progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood was stimulated by CpG-containing oligonucleotides or herpes simplex virus, but the already robust NK-cell formation was unchanged. This new information adds to other known differences between neonatal and adult lymphoid progenitors and suggests only the latter replenish innate NK-like cells in response to Toll-like receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vadillo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico; National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elisa Dorantes-Acosta
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico; Leukemia Clinic, Federico Gómez Children's Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano
- Immunochemistry Research Unit, Medical Specialties Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonieta Chavez-Gonzalez
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla P Garrett
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Héctor Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul W Kincade
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Maneu V, Estévez MÁ, de Dios S, Gozalbo D, Gil ML, Megías J. In vitro differentiation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells toward the myeloid lineage occurs in response to Staphylococcus aureus and yeast species. Microb Pathog 2014; 69-70:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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58
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Goodridge HS. Editorial: Bone marrow progenitors share their experiences with their offspring. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:201-4. [PMID: 24482486 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0813464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Goodridge
- 1.Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Yáñez A, Goodridge HS, Gozalbo D, Gil ML. TLRs control hematopoiesis during infection. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2526-33. [PMID: 24122753 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that (i) Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists drive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to proliferate and differentiate along the myeloid lineage in vitro, and (ii) direct TLR-mediated stimulation of HSPCs also promotes macrophage differentiation in vivo following infection. These new insights demonstrate that TLR signaling in HSPCs, in addition to other TLR-dependent mechanisms, can contribute to HSPC expansion and myeloid differentiation after infection. Evidence is, therefore, mounting that direct TLR-induced programming of hematopoiesis plays a key role in host defense by rapidly replenishing the innate immune system with the cells needed to deal with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Yáñez
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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The production of reactive oxygen species in TLR-stimulated granulocytes is not enhanced by hyperglycemia in diabetes. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:924-9. [PMID: 24121038 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in several inflammatory diseases such as diabetes. The present study was to determine whether hyperglycemia in diabetes interferes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in granulocytes stimulated with either TLR2/zymosan, TLR4/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TLR2,4,9/concanavalin A (ConA). NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways associated with ROS generation in TLR-stimulated granulocytes were evaluated. Our results demonstrate that ROS generation in resting granulocytes derived from patients suffering from Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is significantly higher than that observed in equivalent cells from healthy controls. However, ROS formed by TLR-stimulated granulocytes from T2DM patients and healthy subjects were comparable. ROS production by TLR4,9 depends on NADPH-oxidase and MAPK signaling pathways. In contrast, the activation of TLR2 leads to ROS production by a mechanism that is dependent on NADPH oxidase but independent of the MAPK. In conclusion our results suggest that hyperglycemia in diabetes may prime cells metabolically for ROS generation but does not exert any significant effect on TLR-stimulated ROS production and possibly does not aggravate the development of ROS-dependent diabetic complications.
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61
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Scott NM, Ng RLX, Gorman S, Norval M, Waithman J, Hart PH. Prostaglandin E2
imprints a long-lasting effect on dendritic cell progenitors in the bone marrow. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:225-32. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0513294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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