51
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Viglio S, Fumagalli M, Ferrari F, Iadarola P. MEKC: A powerful tool for the determination of amino acids in a variety of biomatrices. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:93-104. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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52
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Miramon H, Cavelier F, Martinez J, Cottet H. Highly Resolutive Separations of Hardly Soluble Synthetic Polypeptides by Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2009; 82:394-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902211f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Miramon
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS − Université de Montpellier 1 − Université de Montpellier 2), place Eugène Bataillon, case courrier 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Florine Cavelier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS − Université de Montpellier 1 − Université de Montpellier 2), place Eugène Bataillon, case courrier 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS − Université de Montpellier 1 − Université de Montpellier 2), place Eugène Bataillon, case courrier 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS − Université de Montpellier 1 − Université de Montpellier 2), place Eugène Bataillon, case courrier 1706, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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53
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Sedláková P, Eckhardt A, Lacinová K, Pataridis S, MiksÌÃk I, Král V, KasÌicÌka VÃ. Separation of tryptic peptides of native and glycated BSA using open-tubular CEC with salopheneâlanthanideâZn2+complex as stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3930-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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54
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Piaggio MV, Peirotti MB, Deiber JA. Analysis of the interplay among charge, hydration and shape of proteins through the modeling of their CZE mobility data. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2328-36. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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55
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Yone Á, Carballo RR, Rezzano IN, Vizioli NM. Separation of peptides by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography using Fe(III)-deuteroporphyrin as a covalently attached stationary phase. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2293-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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56
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Lu M, Zhang L, Lu Q, Chi Y, Chen G. Rapid analysis of peptides and amino acids by CE-ESI-MS using chemically modified fused-silica capillaries. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2273-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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57
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Xu L, Lin JM, Chen G. Assay of bradykinin metabolites in human body fluids by CE-LIF coupled with transient ITP preconcentration. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2300-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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58
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Scriba GKE. Recent developments in peptide stereoisomer separations by capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2009; 30 Suppl 1:S222-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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59
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Elhamili A, Wetterhall M, Puerta A, Westerlund D, Bergquist J. The effect of sample salt additives on capillary electrophoresis analysis of intact proteins using surface modified capillaries. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3613-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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60
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Abbood A, Smadja C, Herrenknecht C, Alahmad Y, Tchapla A, Taverna M. Retention mechanism of peptides on a stationary phase embedded with a quaternary ammonium group: A liquid chromatography study. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3244-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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61
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The free solution electrophoretic mobility of peptides by a bead modeling methodology. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:1908-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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62
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Verpillot R, Otto M, Klafki H, Taverna M. Simultaneous analysis by capillary electrophoresis of five amyloid peptides as potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1214:157-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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63
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Zalewski DR, Schlautmann S, Gardeniers HJGE. Forced splitting of fractions in CE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4887-93. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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64
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Muetzelburg MV, Hoffmann R. Separation of multiphosphorylated peptide isomers by CZE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:4381-5. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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65
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Ali I, Aboul-Enein HY, Gupta VK. Microchip-Based Nano Chromatography and Nano Capillary Electrophoresis in Genomics and Proteomics. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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66
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Tanaka Y, Higashi T, Rakwal R, Wakida SI, Iwahashi H. Development of a capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry method using polymer capillaries for metabolomic analysis of yeast. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2016-23. [PMID: 18425748 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an emerging field in analytical biochemistry, and the development of such a method for comprehensive and quantitative analysis of organic acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides is a necessity in the era of functional genomics. When a concentrated yeast extract was analyzed by CE-MS using a successive multiple ionic-polymer layer (SMIL)-coated capillary, the adsorption of the contaminants on the capillary wall caused severe problems such as no elution, band-broadening, and asymmetric peaks. Therefore, an analytical method for the analysis of anionic metabolites in yeast was developed by pressure-assisted CE using an inert polymer capillary made from poly(ether etherketone) (PEEK) and PTFE. We preferred to use the PEEK over the PTFE capillary in CE-MS due to the easy-to-use PEEK capillary and its high durability. The separation of anionic metabolites was successfully achieved with ammonium hydrogencarbonate/formate buffer (pH 6.0) as the electrolyte solution. The use of 2-propanol washing after every electrophoresis run not only eliminated wall-adsorption phenomena, but allowed for good repeatability to be obtained for migration times in the metabolomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Tanaka
- Human Stress Signal Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan.
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67
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Recent developments in capillary isoelectric focusing. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:157-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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68
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Separation and determination of peptide hormones by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence coupled with transient pseudo-isotachophoresis preconcentration. Anal Biochem 2008; 380:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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69
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Olajos M, Chován T, Mittermayr S, Kenesei T, Hajos P, Molnár I, Darvas F, Guttman A. Artificial Neural Network Modeling of pH Dependent Structural Descriptor-Mobility Relationship for Capillary Zone Electrophoresis of Tripeptides. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802281935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Olajos
- a Institute of Chemical Engineering , University of Pannonia , Veszprém, Hungary
- b Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences , Institute of Analytical Chemistry , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Chován
- a Institute of Chemical Engineering , University of Pannonia , Veszprém, Hungary
| | - S. Mittermayr
- b Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences , Institute of Analytical Chemistry , Innsbruck, Austria
- c Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University for Health Sciences and Technology , Hall, Austria
| | - T. Kenesei
- a Institute of Chemical Engineering , University of Pannonia , Veszprém, Hungary
| | - P. Hajos
- a Institute of Chemical Engineering , University of Pannonia , Veszprém, Hungary
| | - I. Molnár
- d Molnár-Institute of Applied Chromatography , Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Darvas
- c Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University for Health Sciences and Technology , Hall, Austria
| | - A. Guttman
- b Horváth Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences , Institute of Analytical Chemistry , Innsbruck, Austria
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70
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Kinetic study of prolidase activity in erythrocytes against different substrates using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1200:255-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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71
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Kostal V, Arriaga EA. Recent advances in the analysis of biological particles by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2578-86. [PMID: 18576409 PMCID: PMC3037010 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review covers research papers published in the years 2005-2007 that describe the application of capillary electrophoresis to the analysis of biological particles such as whole cells, subcellular organelles, viruses and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vratislav Kostal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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72
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Jarmalavičienė R, Szumski M, Kornyšova O, Kłodzińska E, Westerlund D, Krawczyk S, Mickevičius D, Buszewski B, Maruška A. Coupling of solid-phase microextraction continuous bed (monolithic) capillaries with capillary zone electrophoresis for direct analysis of drugs in biological fluids. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1753-60. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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73
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Zilberstein G, Korol L, Shlar I, Righetti PG, Bukshpan S. High-resolution separation of peptides by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel “focusing”. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1749-52. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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74
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Groessl M, Hartinger CG, Polec-Pawlak K, Jarosz M, Keppler BK. Capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: A novel approach for the analysis of anticancer metallodrugs in human serum and plasma. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2224-32. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200780790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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75
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Mittermayr S, Olajos M, Chovan T, Bonn G, Guttman A. Mobility modeling of peptides in capillary electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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76
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Herrero M, Ibañez E, Cifuentes A. Capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry in peptide analysis and peptidomics. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2148-60. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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77
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Elhamili A, Wetterhall M, Arvidsson B, Sebastiano R, Righetti PG, Bergquist J. Rapid capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry separations of peptides and proteins using a monoquaternarized piperazine compound (M7C4I) for capillary coatings. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1619-25. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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78
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Chen TH, Misra TK, Liu CY. Capillary electrochromatographic separation of peptides using a macrocyclic polyamine for molecular recognition. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1651-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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79
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Saz JM, Marina ML. Application of micro- and nano-HPLC to the determination and characterization of bioactive and biomarker peptides. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:446-58. [PMID: 18266259 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the works published since 2001 (included) on the micro/nano-HPLC analysis of bioactive and biomarker peptides. The main achievements related to the improvement of the detection sensitivity, quantitation repeatability and reproducibility, and separation selectivity are highlighted. A wide attention is paid to the application of micro/nano-HPLC to the analysis of bioactive peptides in biological matrices. The uses of micro/nano-HPLC in peptidomics to discover new endogenous bioactive peptides and to develop quantitation procedures to compare the levels of peptides of interest in two different biological samples are also considered. Finally, the application of micro/nano-HPLC to the analysis of biomarker peptides for various diseases is also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Saz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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80
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Peirotti MB, Piaggio MV, Deiber JA. Hydration, charge, size, and shape characteristics of peptides from their CZE analyses. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:548-54. [PMID: 18266265 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A CZE model is presented for peptide characterization on the basis of well-established physicochemical equations. The effective mobility is used as basic data in the model to estimate relevant peptide properties such as, for instance, hydration, net and total electrical charge numbers, hydrodynamic size and shape, particle average orientation, and pH-microenvironment from the charge regulation phenomenon. Therefore 102 experimental effective mobilities of different peptides are studied and discussed in relation to previous work. An equation for the estimation of peptide hydration as a function of ionizing, polar, and non-polar amino acid residues is included in the model. It is also shown that the shape-orientation factor of peptides may be either lower or higher than one, and its value depends on a complex interplay among total charge number, molar mass, hydration, and amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Peirotti
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Fe, Argentina
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81
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Schiffer E, Mischak H, Vanholder RC. Biomarkers for Renal Disease and Uremic Toxins. Clin Proteomics 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527622153.ch25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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82
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Sandra K, Moshir M, D’hondt F, Verleysen K, Kas K, Sandra P. Highly efficient peptide separations in proteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 866:48-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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83
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Enayetul Babar SM, Song EJ, Yoo YS. Analysis of calcineurin activity by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection using peptide substrate. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:579-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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84
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Chen Y, Xu L, Lin J, Chen G. Assay of bradykinin-related peptides in human body fluids using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1302-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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85
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Boonen K, Landuyt B, Baggerman G, Husson SJ, Huybrechts J, Schoofs L. Peptidomics: The integrated approach of MS, hyphenated techniques and bioinformatics for neuropeptide analysis. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:427-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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86
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Gong XY, Dobrunz D, Kümin M, Wiesner M, Revell JD, Wennemers H, Hauser PC. Separating stereoisomers of di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:565-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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87
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Pei H, Xin Y, Allison SA. Using electrophoretic mobility and bead modeling to characterize the charge and secondary structure of peptides. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:555-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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88
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Havel J, Li R, Macka M. CE study of neuroprotective humanin peptide and its derivatives: Interactions with phosphate, sulphate, alkylsulphonates and sulphated-β-CD. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:665-71. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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89
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Schiffer E, Mischak H, Theodorescu D, Vlahou A. Challenges of using mass spectrometry as a bladder cancer biomarker discovery platform. World J Urol 2008; 26:67-74. [PMID: 18175124 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-007-0234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, mostly due to its high recurrence rates. In consequence, the necessity of repeated screening for reappearance demonstrates the urgent need for novel biomarkers as alternatives to invasive standard procedures. METHODS Proteomic technologies have emerged as powerful platforms for unbiased biomarker discovery and revolutionized the classical "target-driven" analysis of single marker candidates. Although proteome profiling is still far from demonstrating its full potential in clinical diagnosis, first studies clearly denote its significant potential. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a discussion of the challenges related to clinical proteomics using mass spectrometry, emphasizing bladder cancer biomarker discovery. An outline of the technological prerequisites for reliable proteome profiling, data mining and interpretation, as well as, reflections on future trends in the field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Schiffer
- Mosaiques Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany
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90
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Abstract
The article brings a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF, affinity electrophoresis, EKC, and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides. New approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides and to methodology of their separations, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, and detection, are presented. Novel developments in individual CE and CEC modes are shown and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, purity control, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid and sequence analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kasicka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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91
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Tempels FWA, Underberg WJM, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. Design and applications of coupled SPE-CE. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:108-28. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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92
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12 CE in impurity profiling of drugs. CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS METHODS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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93
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Mikšík I, Sedláková P, Mikulíková K, Eckhardt A, Kašička V. Comparison of CE-MS and LC-MS Analyses of Avian Eggshell Matrix Proteins. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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94
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Erny GL, Marina ML, Cifuentes A. Reproducible and efficient separation of aggregatable zein proteins by CZE using a volatile background electrolyte. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2988-97. [PMID: 17661316 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zein proteins are a complex mixture of polypetides that belong to the alcohol-soluble storage proteins group (prolamines) in corn. These proteins constitute about 50-60% of the total endosperm protein and are classified in different groups on the basis of differences in their solubility and sequence. Among them, zein proteins are considered the majority group showing a high tendency to aggregate what makes their analysis by any analytical method very difficult. Thus, CZE of these proteins requires the use of very complex BGEs noncompatible with online ESI-MS analysis. The aim of this work was to find a new BGE for the CZE separation of zein protein fully compatible with ESI-MS while providing further light on the complex CZE separation of aggregatable proteins. Thus, it is demonstrated in this work that efficient and reproducible CZE separations of zein proteins can be achieved by using a BGE composed of water, ACN, formic acid and ammonium hydroxide. Besides, it is shown that zein analysis is significantly improved by including the effect of an ammonium gradient during their separation. It is experimentally verified that the ammonium gradient can easily be achieved in CZE by either working with a sample zone with a low concentration of ammonium and a BGE with a high concentration, or conversely, working with a sample zone with high ammonium concentration and a BGE with low concentration of ammonium, giving rise in both cases to a significant improvement in the CZE separation of these proteins. It is demonstrated that this procedure can give rise to efficiency improvements of up to 20-fold in the CZE separation of zein proteins. Under optimized conditions, 20 proteins could be separated with average efficiencies higher than 400 000 theoretical plates/m. Some possible explanations of this effect are discussed including stacking, protein-capillary wall adsorption, protein solubility and protein-salt interactions.
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95
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Plasson R, Vayaboury W, Giani O, Cottet H. Determination of synthetic polypeptide conformations and molecular geometrical parameters by nonaqueous CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3617-24. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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96
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Determination of the microenvironment-pH and charge and size characteristics of amino acids through their electrophoretic mobilities determined by CZE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3658-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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97
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Popa TV, Mant CT, Hodges RS. Ion-interaction CZE: the presence of high concentrations of ion-pairing reagents demonstrates the complex mechanisms involved in peptide separations. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2181-90. [PMID: 17557361 PMCID: PMC2763530 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have furthered our understanding of the separative mechanism of a novel CE approach, termed ion-interaction CZE (II-CZE), developed in our laboratory for the resolution of mixtures of cationic peptides. Thus, II-CZE and RP-HPLC were applied to the separation of peptides differing by a single amino acid substitution in 10- and 12-residue synthetic model peptide sequences. Substitutions differed by a wide range of properties or side-chain type (e.g., alkyl side-chains, polar side-chains, etc.) at the substitution site. When carried out in high concentrations (400 mM) of pentafluoropropionic acid (PFPA), II-CZE separated peptides in order of increasing hydrophobicity when the substituted side-chains were of a similar type; when II-CZE was applied to the mixtures of peptides with substitutions of side-chains that differed in the type of functional group, there was no longer a correlation of electrophoretic mobility in II-CZE with relative peptide hydrophobicity, suggesting that a third factor is involved in the separative mechanism beyond charge and hydrophobicity. Interestingly, the hydrophobic PFPA- anion is best for separating peptides that differ in hydrophobicity with hydrophobic side-chains but high concentrations of the hydrophilic H2PO4- anion are best when separating peptides that differ in polar side-chains relative to hydrophobic side-chains. We speculate that differential hydration/dehydration properties of various side-chains in the peptide and the hydration/dehydration properties of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic anions as well as the electrostatic attractions between the peptide and the anions in solution all play a critical role in these solution-based effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traian V Popa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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98
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Sedláková P, Miksik I, Gatschelhofer C, Sinner FM, Buchmeiser MR. Voltage-assisted capillary LC of peptides using monolithic capillary columns prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2219-22. [PMID: 17607810 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the use of monolithic capillary columns prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) for peptide separation in voltage-assisted capillary LC (voltage-assisted CLC). In order to demonstrate their potential for peptide separation, ROMP-derived monoliths with RP properties were prepared. The preparation procedure of monoliths was transferred from ROMP monoliths optimized for CLC. ROMP monoliths were synthesized within the confines of 200 microm id fused-silica capillaries with a length of 37 cm. After optimization of the chromatographic conditions, the separation performance was tested using a well-defined set of artificial peptides as well as two peptidic mixtures resulting from a tryptic digest of BSA as well as a collagenase digest of collagen. ROMP monoliths showed comparable performance to other monolithic separation media in voltage-assisted CLC published so far. Therefore, we conclude that by optimizing the composition of the ROMP monoliths as well as by using the controlled manner of their functionalization, ROMP monoliths bear a great potential in CLC and CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Sedláková
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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99
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Xia S, Zhang L, Tong P, Lu M, Liu W, Chen G. Determination of peptide hormones of brain and intestine by CE with ESI-MS detection. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3268-76. [PMID: 17854124 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the determination of the peptide hormones of brain and intestine based on CE coupling with a DAD and ESI-MS was established. Several electrophoretic and ESI-MS parameters were investigated in detail, such as electrolyte nature and concentration, organic solvent and sheath liquid compositions, nebulization gas pressure and the ESI capillary voltage. Optimized conditions were achieved with 25 mM formic acid-ammonium formate (pH 2.9) as the optimal electrolyte, 2 mM formic acid in 80% methanol in water as the sheath liquid, and 20 kV applied voltage. Under the optimized conditions, four protonated peptides were separated by CE and selectively detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a sheath flow ESI interface. LODs for the four peptides (neurotensin hexapeptide, neurotensin, cholecystokinin tetrapeptide, and pentagastrin) were in the range of 0.10-0.60 micromol/L at an S/N of 3. The RSDs (n = 8) of the method were 0.70-1.5% for migration times and 1.6-6.1% for peak areas. This method is simple, rapid, and selective compared with RIA and ELISA techniques, and has been applied to the analysis of rat hypothalamus tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifei Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety (Fuzhou University), Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
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100
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Ferenc G, Pádár P, Janáky T, Szabó Z, Tóth GK, Kovács L, Kele Z. Capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry of bromine-containing charged derivatives of peptides. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1159:119-24. [PMID: 17517418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel bromine-containing positively charged labels 5-bromo-1-ethyl-thiazolium (BET+) and 5-bromo-1-ethyl-pyridinium (BEP+) ions were studied for improving the interpretation of MS/MS spectra of peptides. 2,5-Dibromo-1-ethyl-thiazolium tetrafluoroborate (DBET) reacts in the order: epsilon->>alpha-amino group>>hydroxyl group of Tyr while 2,5-dibromo-1-ethyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate (DBEP) reacts preferably with thiol group of Cys>>hydroxyl group of Tyr. In this study a simple and fast CE/MS/MS method is presented for investigating the labeling reaction with these new reagents, where the difference in migration times of labeled and unlabeled peptides also gives us information about the position of labeling. These bromine-containing reagents simplify the MS/MS spectra of peptides: the charge of the derivatives increases the intensity of the corresponding ions, thus enhancing the sensitivity of the detection and the characteristic distribution of the bromine isotope (the 79Br and 81Br ratio is nearly one) facilitating the recognition. By eliminating the non-doubled peaks, clear and easily interpretable MS/MS spectra can be produced that contain only the labeled fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Györgyi Ferenc
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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