51
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Kašička V. Recent developments in CE and CEC of peptides (2009-2011). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:48-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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52
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Řezanka P, Ehala S, Koktan J, Sýkora D, Žvátora P, Vosmanská M, Král V, Mikšík I, Čeřovský V, Kašička V. Application of bare gold nanoparticles in open-tubular CEC separations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and peptides. J Sep Sci 2011; 35:73-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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53
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Ye H, Xia S, Yu L, Xu X, Zheng C, Xu H, Wang L, Liu X, Cai Z, Chen G. Solid-phase extraction-field-amplified sample injection coupled with CE-ESI-MS for online pre-concentration and quantitative analysis of brain-gut peptides. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2823-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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54
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Lecoeur M, Goossens JF, Vaccher C, Bonte JP, Foulon C. A multivariate approach for the determination of isoelectric point of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms by capillary isoelectric focusing. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2857-66. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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55
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Zhang T, Gai Q, Qu F, Zhang Y. Ionic liquid-assisted SDS-PAGE to improve human serum protein separation. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2904-10. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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56
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Staňová A, Marák J, Rezeli M, Páger C, Kilár F, Kaniansky D. Analysis of therapeutic peptides in human urine by combination of capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry with preparative capillary isotachophoresis sample pretreatment. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8701-7. [PMID: 22047821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The presented study deals with the off-line coupling of preparative isotachophoresis (pITP) with on-line combination of capillary zone electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometric detection (CZE-ESI-MS) used for the analysis of therapeutic peptides (anserine, carnosine, and buserelin) in complex matrix (urine). Preparative capillary isotachophoresis, operating in a discontinuous fractionation mode in column-coupling configuration, served as a sample pretreatment technique to separation, and fractionation of mixture of therapeutic peptides present in urine at low concentration level. The fractions isolated by pITP procedure were subsequently analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis with electrospray mass spectrometric detection. Acetic acid at 200 mmol L(-1) concentration served as background electrolyte in CZE stage and it is compatible with MS detection in positive ionization mode. In pITP fractionation procedure, sodium cation (10 mmol L(-1) concentration) as leading ion and beta-alanine as terminating ion (20 mmol L(-1) concentration) were used. While using CZE-ESI-MS, the limits of detection were 0.18 μg mL(-1) for carnosine, 0.17 μg mL(-1) for anserine and 0.64 μg mL(-1) for buserelin in water and 0.19 μg mL(-1) for carnosine, 0.50 μg mL(-1) for anserine and 0.74 μg mL(-1) for buserelin in 10 times diluted urine, respectively. The cleaning power of pITP sample pretreatment was proved as the peptides provided the higher MS signals at lower concentration levels resulting from the minimized matrix effects. The quality of obtained MS/MS spectra was very good so that they can provide information about the structure of analytes, and they were used for verification of the analytes identities. The pITP pretreatment improved the detection limits of the analyzed therapeutic peptides at least 25 times compared to the CZE-ESI-MS itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Staňová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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57
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Dolnik V, Gurske WA. Size separation of proteins by capillary zone electrophoresis with cationic hitchhiking. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2884-92. [PMID: 21948216 PMCID: PMC3516881 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes a method of size separation of proteins by capillary sieving electrophoresis with cationic surfactant. Proteins are separated within 12 min with repeatability of migration times better than 0.2%. Some proteins achieve the separation efficiency of 200,000 theoretical plates. The method can be used for determination of protein relative molecular masses. The accuracy of the determined relative molecular masses and the limitation of the method were investigated by the analysis of more than 60 proteins. The method also allows separation of protein oligomers. Proteins can be quantitated after the electrokinetic injection in the concentration range 0.07-0.43 g/L. The average detection limit is about 2 mg/L.
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58
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Bachmann S, Bakry R, Huck CW, Polato F, Corradini D, Bonn GK. Peptide mapping using capillary electrophoresis offline coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2830-9. [PMID: 21953317 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the results of a study carried out to evaluate the offline hyphenation of capillary zone electrophoresis with matrix-assisted lased desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for the analysis of low-abundant complex samples, represented by the tryptic phosphorylated peptides of phosphoproteins, such as α-casein, β-casein, and fetuin. The proposed method employs a latex-coated capillary and consists in the online preconcentration of the tryptic peptides by a pH-mediated stacking method, their separation by capillary zone electrophoresis, and subsequent deposition of the separated analytes onto a MALDI target for their MS analysis. The online preconcentration method allows loading a large sample volume (∼150 nL), which is introduced into the capillary after the hydrodynamic injection of a short plug of 1.0 M ammonium hydroxide solution and is sandwiched between two plugs of the acidic background electrolyte solution (BGE) filling the capillary. The sample spotting of the separated analytes onto the MALDI target is performed either during or postseparation using an automatic spotting device connected to the exit of the separation capillary. The proposed method allows the separation and identification of multiphosphorylated peptides from other peptides and enables their identification at femtomole level with improved efficiency compared with LC approaches hyphenated to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bachmann
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
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59
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Deiber JA, Piaggio MV, Peirotti MB. Global conformations of proteins as predicted from the modeling of their CZE mobility data. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2779-87. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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60
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Yone A, Carballo RR, Grela DA, Rezzano IN, Vizioli NM. Study of peptide-ligand interactions in open-tubular capillary columns covalently modified with porphyrins. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2840-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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61
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Lin QH, Cheng YQ, Dong YN, Zhu Y, Pan JZ, Fang Q. High-speed separation of proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis with partial translational spontaneous sample injection. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2898-903. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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62
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Wang T, Ma J, Wu S, Yuan H, Zhang L, Liang Z, Zhang Y. Integrated platform of capillary isoelectric focusing, trypsin immobilized enzyme microreactor and nanoreversed-phase liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for online protein profiling. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2848-56. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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63
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Zalewska M, Bizoń A, Milnerowicz H. Comparison of capillary electrophoretic techniques for analysis and characterization of metallothioneins. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3061-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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64
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Taichrib A, Scriba GKE, Neusüß C. Identification and characterization of impurities of tetracosactide by capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1365-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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65
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Zhou D, Tan L, Xiang L, Zeng R, Cao F, Zhu X, Wang Y. Brush-like copolymer as a physically adsorbed coating for protein separation by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1738-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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66
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Marák J, Staňová A, Gajdoštínová S, Škultéty L, Kaniansky D. Some possibilities of an analysis of complex samples by a mass spectrometry with a sample pretreatment by an offline coupled preparative capillary isotachophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1273-81. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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67
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Righetti PG, Candiano G. Recent advances in electrophoretic techniques for the characterization of protein biomolecules: a poker of aces. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8727-37. [PMID: 21536293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The four classical modes of electrophoresis of protein molecules (sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, IEF, and immobilized pH gradients, IPGs, two-dimensional maps, 2D, and capillary electrophoresis, CE) are here reviewed, with special emphasis on recent innovations. Thus, in the case of SDS-PAGE, a novel method, consisting in focusing SDS-protein micelles against a gradient of cationic charges grafted onto a polyacrylamide gel is presented. In the case of IEF, the recent decoding of the structure, polydispersity, molecular mass distribution and buffering properties of the soluble carrier ampholyte buffers are here discussed. In regard to two dimensional mapping, recent instrumentation for performing 2D maps in horizontal, large gel slabs (up to 30 cm × 40 cm) and in a radial format for the SDS dimension is here evaluated. Finally, in the case of CE, three major applications are presented: a thorough study of capillary IEF and of all experimental variables, a method of importance in screening of rDNA products; the possibility of running proteins and peptide separations in very acidic, amphoteric, isoelectric buffers in absence of any capillary coating; finally, the possibility of producing a facile, user friendly, covalent coating of the wall silanols via bonding of quaternarized piperazines endowed with an iodinated tail. In acidic, volatile buffers, such protein/peptide runs can be directly interfaced with mass spectrometry instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Righetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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68
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A novel amphipathic block copolymer coating forming micelle-like aggregates for separation of steroids in open tubular capillary electrochromatography. Talanta 2011; 84:501-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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69
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Chang PL, Chiu TC, Wang TE, Hu KC, Tsai YH, Hu CC, Bair MJ, Chang HT. Quantitation of branched-chain amino acids in ascites by capillary electrophoresis with light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:1080-3. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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70
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Simionato AVC, Carrilho E, Tavares MFM. Characterization of protein hydrolysates of cosmetic use by CE-MS. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:947-56. [PMID: 21374808 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein hydrolysates have been used as active principles in cosmetic products conferring different properties to the final formulations, which are mostly controlled by the peptide size and its amino acid sequence. In this work, capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry analyses were carried out in order to investigate such characteristics of protein hydrolysates. Samples of different origins (milk, soy and rice) were obtained from a local company, and were analyzed without a previous preparation step. The background electrolyte (BGE) and sheath liquid compositions were optimized for each sample. The best BGE composition (860 mmol/L formic acid--pH 1.8--in 70:30 v/v water/methanol hydro-organic solvent) was chosen based on the overall peak resolution whereas the best sheath liquid was selected based on increased sensitivity and presented different compositions to each sample (10.9-217 mmol/L formic acid in 75:25-25:75 v/v water/methanol hydro-organic solvent). Most of the putative peptides in the hydrolysate samples under investigation presented molecular masses of 1000 Da or less. De novo sequencing was carried out for some of the analytes, revealing the hydrophobicity/polarity of the peptides. Hence, the technique has proved to be an advantageous tool for the quality control of industrial protein hydrolysates.
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71
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Balchen M, Hatterud AG, Reubsaet L, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Fundamental studies on the electrokinetic transfer of net cationic peptides across supported liquid membranes. J Sep Sci 2010; 34:186-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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72
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Krízek T, Coufal P, Tesarová E, Sobotníková J, Bosáková Z. Pluronic F-127 as the buffer additive in capillary entangled polymer electrophoresis: some fundamental aspects. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2458-64. [PMID: 20645387 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric macromolecules of well-designed structures and specific properties open promising directions in the capillary entangled polymer electrophoresis. Pluronic F-127, as a thermoassociating polymer, possesses some unique properties that can be utilized in capillary entangled polymer electrophoresis of amino acids, peptides and proteins. In this study, we studied properties of Pluronic F-127 polymer as an additive to BGE for the separation of peptides and proteins. The influence of the thermoassociation on separation selectivity was studied. The addition of Pluronic caused severe instabilities of the electrical current and the signal of the UV detector. This study reveals remarkable positive effect of a low pressure applied to the inlet buffer vial during the analysis, which apparently stabilizes the electrical current and the detector signal. The effect of hydrodynamic flow induced by the pressure applied on the separation efficiency was studied and the significance of this effect was discussed. Pluronic F-127, as a representative of synthetic macromolecules, was compared with dextran, as a representative of natural polymers, in terms of separation power, selectivity and repeatability of migration times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Krízek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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73
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Kuhnline CD, Lunte SM. Evaluation of an on-capillary copper complexation methodology for the investigation of in vitro metabolism of dynorphin A 1-17. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:2506-14. [PMID: 20658491 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dynorphin A 1-17 is an endogenous neuropeptide implicated in a variety of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and neuropathic pain. Metabolites of this peptide can exhibit their own unique effects in vivo, and it is possible that one of these metabolites is responsible for the neurotoxicity. In this article, the use of CE for the separation of dynorphin A 1-17 from four of its metabolites is described. Buffer additives were investigated to eliminate peptide adsorption to the capillary wall and to improve resolution between closely related metabolites. On-capillary copper complexation was employed and was shown to improve separation efficiency as compared with the separation of native peptides. The method was then applied to in vitro dynorphin metabolism in human plasma as well as rat brain and rat spinal cord slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney D Kuhnline
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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74
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Gebauer P, Malá Z, Boček P. Recent progress in analytical capillary isotachophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:83-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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75
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Malá Z, Gebauer P, Boček P. Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:116-26. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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76
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Hasan MN, Park SH, Oh E, Song EJ, Ban E, Yoo YS. Sensitivity enhancement of CE and CE-MS for the analysis of peptides by a dynamic pH junction. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3701-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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77
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Ludewig R, Nietzsche S, Scriba GKE. A weak cation-exchange monolith as stationary phase for the separation of peptide diastereomers by CEC. J Sep Sci 2010; 34:64-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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78
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Mischak H, Schanstra JP. CE-MS in biomarker discovery, validation, and clinical application. Proteomics Clin Appl 2010; 5:9-23. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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79
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Mischak H, Delles C, Klein J, Schanstra JP. Urinary proteomics based on capillary electrophoresis-coupled mass spectrometry in kidney disease: discovery and validation of biomarkers, and clinical application. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2010; 17:493-506. [PMID: 21044772 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Use of capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) technology in proteome analysis has increased, with a focus on the identification of biomarker peptides in clinical proteomics. Among the reported applications, the main focus is on the urinary biomarkers for kidney disease. In this review, we discuss the principal, theoretical, and practical obstacles that are encountered when using CE-MS for the analysis of body fluids for biomarker discovery. We present several examples of a successful application of CE-MS for biomarker discovery in kidney disease, implications for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy evaluation, and will also discuss current challenges and possible future improvements.
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80
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Hua Y, Koshel BM, Wirth MJ. Field-free remobilization of proteins after isoelectric focusing in packed capillaries. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8910-5. [PMID: 20931968 DOI: 10.1021/ac101680z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pressure-driven remobilization without an applied electric field is shown to be possible with capillary isoelectric focusing using packed capillaries. The capillary dimensions are 100 μm i.d. and 2 cm in length, and the packing is made of 0.9 μm nonporous silica particles that are chemically modified with a brush layer of polyacrylamide. Both reversible and irreversible adsorption are shown to be negligible. The packed capillaries eliminate the problem of unwanted hydrodynamic flow between reservoirs. Three proteins are focused: trypsin inhibitor, carbonic anhydrase II, and myoglobin. The time required for focusing in the packed capillaries is increased by only a factor of 2 compared to the open capillary, giving complete focusing in less than 15 min at 200 V/cm. The packed capillaries allow the use of higher electric fields, with resolution continually increasing up to at least 1500 V/cm. The packing obstructs diffusional broadening after the field is turned off: for trypsin inhibitor, D = 6.1(±0.3) × 10(-8) cm(2)/s for the packed capillary vs D = 28.8(±0.3) × 10(-8) cm(2)/s for the open capillary. The broadening contributed by the packing during remobilization is from eddy diffusion, and it is described by its plate height, H, which is the variance per unit length: H = σ(2)/L = 0.64 μm. This limits the resolution to 0.1 pH units for the 2 cm capillary having a pH range of 3-10, giving a theoretical peak capacity of 47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Hua
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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81
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Ye H, Xia S, Lin W, Yu L, Xu X, Zheng C, Liu X, Chen G. CE-ESI-MS coupled with dynamic pH junction online concentration for analysis of peptides in human urine samples. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3400-6. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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82
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Wojcik R, Dada OO, Sadilek M, Dovichi NJ. Simplified capillary electrophoresis nanospray sheath-flow interface for high efficiency and sensitive peptide analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2554-60. [PMID: 20740530 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple nanospray sheath-flow interface for capillary electrophoresis. This interface relies on electrokinetic flow to drive both the separation and the electrospray; no mechanical pump is used for the sheath flow. This system was interfaced with an LCQ mass spectrometer. The best results were observed with a 2-microm diameter emitter tip and a 1-mm spacing between the separation capillary tip and the emitter tip. Under these conditions, mass detection limits (3sigma) of 100 amol were obtained for insulin receptor fragment 1142-1153. The separation efficiency exceeded 200,000 plates for this compound. The relative standard deviation generated during continual infusion of a 50 microM solution of angiotensin II was 2% for the total ion count and 3% for the extracted ion count over a 40-min period. Finally, the interface was also demonstrated for negative ion mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Wojcik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
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