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Handle KF, Bakry R, Bonn GK. Phosphonium based anion exchange resin for enrichment of phenolic acids. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1700:464049. [PMID: 37178554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the efficiency of a phosphonium-based strong anion exchange sorbent for the extraction of some selected phenolic acids. The material was synthesized through chloromethylation of a porous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) substrate with high degree of crosslinking, followed by quaternarization with tributyl phosphine. The parameters affecting the solid phase extraction of five phenolic acids, namely chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid and rosmarinic acid were optimized. The sample pH and the type, volume and concentration of the eluting solutions were investigated. The analysis of the phenolic acids after extraction was performed using HPLC with diode array detection. Limit of detection, limit of quantitation, linear range, correlation coefficient and reproducibility for the determination of the phenolic acids were estimated. The retention of the phenolic acids on the developed phase was studied using breakthrough analysis. The experimental breakthrough curves were fitted by Boltzmann's function, and the regression parameters were utilized for the determination of the breakthrough parameters. The results obtained using the developed phase were compared with those obtained by the commercially available Oasis MAX sorbent. The proposed approach was successfully applied for the extraction and pre-concentration of rosmarinic acid from rosemary leaf (Rosmarini folium) alcoholic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl F Handle
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Rania Bakry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Günther K Bonn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innrain 66a, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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Abdel Hammed MR, Ahmed YA, Adam EN, Bakry R, Elnaggar MG. sVCAM-1, and TGFβ1 in chronic phase, chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Egypt J Immunol 2022; 29:163-173. [PMID: 36208045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The outcome for chronic phase (CP) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients has changed dramatically since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. We examined the characteristics of CML patients during TKI therapy by determining the plasma concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), and transforming growth factor (TGFβ1) biomarkers. The plasma levels of sVCAM-1 and TGFβ1 were measured by ELISA at baseline and after 3 months of TKI treatment. The levels of sVCAM-1, and TGFβ1 were significantly elevated in patients with CML (P< 0.01). Dasatinib treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the levels of these biomarkers (P< 0.01). In conclusion, plasma levels of sVCAM-1 and TGFβ1 could have a role in the pathogenesis of CML and may be used as predictors of hematological and molecular responses to TKIs. A favorable outcome for Dasatinib therapy was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad R Abdel Hammed
- Department of Internal Medicine & Hematology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals and South Egypt Cancer Institute Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yoseryeia A Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine & Hematology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esraa N Adam
- Department of Internal Medicine & Hematology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania Bakry
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Elnaggar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Abdel Hammed M, Ahmed Y, Adam E, Bakry R, Elnaggar M. sVCAM-1, and TGFβ1 in chronic phase, chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Egypt J Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.55133/eji.290416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The outcome for chronic phase (CP) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients has changed dramatically since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. We examined the characteristics of CML patients during TKI therapy by determining the plasma concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), and transforming growth factor (TGFβ1) biomarkers. The plasma levels of sVCAM-1 and TGFβ1 were measured by ELISA at baseline and after 3 months of TKI treatment. The levels of sVCAM-1, and TGFβ1 were significantly elevated in patients with CML (P< 0.01). Dasatinib treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the levels of these biomarkers (P< 0.01). In conclusion, plasma levels of sVCAM-1 and TGFβ1 could have a role in the pathogenesis of CML and may be used as predictors of hematological and molecular responses to TKIs. A favorable outcome for Dasatinib therapy was observed.
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Mostafa A, Abd Allah A, Abd Alwahed S, Hafez R, Hussien S, Bakry R. Interleukin 17 role as a biomarker in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients. Sohag Medical Journal 2022; 26:42-50. [DOI: 10.21608/smj.2022.131003.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Mostafa A, Abd Allah A, Abd Alwahed S, Hafez R, Hussien S, Bakry R. Interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma roles as biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients. Sohag Medical Journal 2022; 26:51-59. [DOI: 10.21608/smj.2022.131134.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Otter M, Partl G, Noisternig M, Bakry R. Fluoroponytailed ionic liquids as co-porogens for poly(butyl methacrylate- co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic supports for thin layer chromatography. Analyst 2022; 147:534-541. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02005f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porous layered monolithic substrates of poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) were synthesized via UV initiated free radical polymerization in the presence of fluoroponytailed ionic liquids as co-porogenic constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Otter
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Partl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Noisternig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rania Bakry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Partl GJ, Naier BFE, Bakry R, Schlapp-Hackl I, Kopacka H, Wurst K, Gelbrich T, Fliri L, Schottenberger H. Can't touch this: Highly omniphobic coatings based on self-textured C6-fluoroponytailed polyvinylimidazolium monoliths. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Khallaf S, Mohammed D, ElNaggar M, Abdel-Hameed M, Bakry R. 846P Predictive and prognostic values of serum VEGF in patients with multiple myelomas receiving bortezomib-based therapy. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Mohammed D, Khallaf S, El-Naggar M, Abdel-Hameed M, Bakry R. Interleukin-10: A Potential Prognostic Marker in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. Kasr-Al-Aini J of Clin Onc and Nuc Med 2021. [DOI: 10.21608/resoncol.2021.51503.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Zaky AH, Elsers D, Bakry R, Abdelwanis M, Nabih O, Hafez R, Rezk M. Prognostic Value of Accumulative Expression of COX-2 and p53 in Small and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1183-1190. [PMID: 31187468 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in carcinogenesis, which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. P53 is a tumor suppressor gene that contributes to apoptosis and cell cycle control. There is functional interaction between p53 and COX-2, which lead to abrogation of apoptosis and progression of malignancy. To assess the relationship between COX-2, p53 expression and the clinicopathololgic features in SLL and DLBCL. We immunohistochemically examined the expression of COX-2 and p53 in non-neoplastic lymphoid cells, lymph nodal low-grade (50 cases of SLL), intermediate and high-grade lymphomas (100 cases of DLBCL) and their corresponding bone marrow specimens. The expression of COX-2 and p53 was absent in the in non-neoplastic lymphoid cells. In contrast, their expression values increased progressively with the advancing grade of lymphoma (p < 0.001). COX-2 expression was significantly associated with advanced disease stage, high-grade lymphomas, and disease relapse and p53 expression. The p53was detected in 64.5% in patients positive for COX-2. The expressions of COX-2 and p53 proteins, were significantly associated with shorter overall-survival and progression free survival. Here we report up-regulation of COX-2and p53 protein expression in SLL and DLBCL indicating their interactive involvement in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Our data provide a rationale for further investigation of COX-2 expression in lymphomas for potential prognostic, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amen H Zaky
- Medical Oncology & Hematology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Asyut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Elsers
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Asyut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania Bakry
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Asyut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abdelwanis
- Radiotherapy Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Asyut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ola Nabih
- Clinical Oncology Department, Asyut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania Hafez
- Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Asyut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Rezk
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Asyut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Abu El-Makarem M, El-Akad A, Elian M, Sherif T, El-Shaheed R, Abd El Fatah A, Sayed D, Bakry R, Mahmoud A. Non-neoplastic Portal Vein Thrombosis in HCV Cirrhosis Patients: Is it an Immuno-Inflammatory Disorder? Ann Hepatol 2018; 16:574-583. [PMID: 28611261 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a critical complication in cirrhotic patients. We explored the role of the activated factor VII-antithrombin (FVIIa-AT) complex and enhanced monocytic tissue factor (TF) expression in the development and prediction of non-neoplastic PVT in cirrhotic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 30 HCV-cirrhosis patients were included in our study. They were compared to 35 cirrhotic patients without PVT, 15 non-cirrhotic patients with PVT, and 15 healthy controls. The plasma level of the FVIIa-AT complexes was analyzed by ELISA. MIF CD142, CD86, and HLA-DR on monocytes (CD14) were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with cirrhotic patients without PVT, cirrhotic patients with PVT had comparable plasma values of FVIIa, AT, and the FVIIa-AT complex. However, they had significantly lower values compared to non-cirrhotic patients with PVT and healthy controls. Cirrhotic patients with PVT had increased monocytic TF expression (MIF CD142) compared to non-PVT cirrhotic patients and healthy controls [86.5 (93.5) vs. 18 (32.0) and 11.0 (6.0), respectively; p < 0.001 for each]. However, cirrhosis PVT could not be distinguished from non-cirrhosis PVT. The area under the ROC curve of MIF CD142 was 0.759 (0.641- 0.876; p = 0.000) at an optimal cut-off value of 45, which yielded a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 77.1%, as well as a PPV and NPV of 69.2% for each. CONCLUSION Enhanced expression of monocytic TF may have a role in the development and prediction of non-neoplastic PVT in HCV-cirrhosis patients. Large multicenter studies are necessary to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abu El-Makarem
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Atef El-Akad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Elian
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Tahra Sherif
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Ragaa El-Shaheed
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Abd El Fatah
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Douaa Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Rania Bakry
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Aisha Mahmoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Al-Zoairy R, Pedrini MT, Khan MI, Engl J, Tschoner A, Ebenbichler C, Gstraunthaler G, Salzmann K, Bakry R, Niederwanger A. Serotonin improves glucose metabolism by Serotonylation of the small GTPase Rab4 in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:1. [PMID: 28053672 PMCID: PMC5209910 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin (5-HT) improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, however, the underlying molecular mechanism has remained elusive. Previous studies suggest that 5-HT can activate intracellular small GTPases directly by covalent binding, a process termed serotonylation. Activated small GTPases have been associated with increased GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane. Therefore, we investigated whether serotonylation of small GTPases may be involved in improving Insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. METHODS Using fully differentiated L6 rat skeletal muscle cells, we studied the effect of 5-HT in the absence or presence of insulin on glycogen synthesis, glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. To prove our L6 model we additionally performed preliminary experiments in C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells. RESULTS Incubation with 5-HT led to an increase in deoxyglucose uptake in a concentration-dependent fashion. Accordingly, GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane and glycogen content were increased. These effects of 5-HT on Glucose metabolism could be augmented by co-incubation with insulin and blunted by co incubation of 5-HT with monodansylcadaverine, an inhibitor of protein serotonylation. In accordance with this observation, incubation with 5-HT resulted in serotonylation of a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 25 kDa. We identified this protein as the small GTPase Rab4, the activity of which has been shown to be stimulated by both insulin signalling and serotonylation. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that 5-HT elicits its beneficial effects on Glucose metabolism through serotonylation of Rab4, which likely represents the converging point between the insulin and the 5-HT signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Al-Zoairy
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael T. Pedrini
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Engl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Tschoner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Ebenbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Karin Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rania Bakry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Niederwanger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Adel M, Abdo Elgamal D, Bakry R, Abdelkader M, Elshazly M, Kamel A. SUTURE VERSUS FIBRIN GLUE MICRONEURAL ANASTOMOSIS OF THE FEMORAL NERVE IN SPRAGUE DEWLY RAT MODEL. A COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CLINICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND STATISTICAL FEATURES. Acta Chir Plast 2017; 59:65-71. [PMID: 29446305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerve injury is a frequently encountered clinical problem that leads to functional losses at the long-term. Although microsurgical repair has been introduced to clinical practice in peripheral nerve injuries, unsatisfactory outcomes regarding functional recovery in target organ cause an increasing interest on studies about nerve injury and biology of the recovery in nerve injuries1. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sciatic nerves of seventy adult Sprague Dewly rats were transected and primary anastomosis was performed. Rats were then divided into three groups: Control group, while 30 rats were repaired with sutures, and the remaining 30 were repaired with fibrin glue. After 30 days the rats were sacrified and the sciatic nerves were investigated histologically with morphometrical and statistical analyses. RESULTS In microsurgical nerve repair, suture placement has been thought to cause hindrance to the sprouting axons and compress the blood supply to the fascicles, thereby impairing the regeneration of the transected nerve ends after repair, with possible neuroma formation. On the other hand, fibrin glue is a simple, effective technique, less time consuming than suturing. Another advantage of this suture-free technique is that it avoids injuring the axon with needles, and the lack of foreign bodies minimizes the inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION We recommend using fibrin glue as it demonstrates less inflammatory reaction, less scar tissue formation, it is less time consuming and provides better outcomes.
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Sayyed HG, Osama A, Idriss NK, Sabry D, Abdelrhim AS, Bakry R. Comparison of the therapeutic effectiveness of human CD34 + and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on improvement of experimental liver fibrosis in Wistar rats. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2016; 8:128-139. [PMID: 27785340 PMCID: PMC5078485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have numerous advantages as grafts for cell transplantation. We hypothesized differing impacts of human UCB cells and rat BM-MSCs on reversal of hepatic injury and revival of liver function in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. METHODS Forty rats were divided into 4 groups; control group, CCl4 group, CCl4/CD34+ group and CCl4/BM-MSCs group. Blood samples were driven from rats at 4, 8 and 12 weeks to measure serum concentration of albumin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Quantitative expression of collagen Iα, TGF-β, α-SMA, albumin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TNF-α were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological examination of the liver tissue was performed. GFP labeled cells were detected in groups injected with stem cells. RESULTS Regarding liver function, CD34+ were more efficient than BM-MSCs in elevating albumin (P<0.05) and reducing ALT (P<0.05) concentrations. Concerning gene expression, CD34+ were more effective than BM-MSCs in reducing gene expressions of collagen Iα (P<0.01), TGF-β1 (P<0.01) and α-SMA (P<0.01). Both CD34+ and BM-MSCs have the same efficacy in reducing TNF-α (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, CD34+ were more valuable than BM-MSCs in increasing gene expression of albumin (P<0.05) and MMP-9 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Taken together; human UCB CD34+ stem cells were more efficient in improvement of experimental liver injury than BM-MSCs. This study highlighted an important role of human UCB CD34+ stem cells in liver fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam G Sayyed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssuit, Egypt
| | - Amany Osama
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssuit, Egypt
| | - Naglaa K Idriss
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssuit, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo UniversityCario, Egypt
| | - Azza S Abdelrhim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversitySohag, Egypt
| | - Rania Bakry
- Department of Oncological Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut UniversityAssuit, Egypt
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Shaltout AS, Sayed D, Badary MS, Nafee AM, El Zohri MH, Bakry R, Ahmed SH. Effect of IL6 and IL23 on double negative T cells and anti ds-DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:937-943. [PMID: 27343994 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several evidences suggest that DN T cells, IL23 and IL6 play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of DN T cells in SLE patients and the relation to their activity also to assess the possible role of IL6 and IL23 on DN T cells. Thirty patients with SLE and sixteen healthy blood donor females were enrolled. There was a significant increase in DN T cells in patients than controls (P=0.001). These cells had a significant positive correlation with SLEDAI (r=0.486, P=0.006). DN T cells from SLE patient samples were expanded when stimulated in vitro with RhIL6 or RhIL23 in patients than controls. Furthermore, anti ds-DNA level was found to be increased in supernatant of PBMCs when stimulated by these cytokines in different concentrations. Our findings suggest that IL6 and IL23 may play role in SLE pathogenesis through their effect on DN T cells and anti ds-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa S Shaltout
- Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Douaa Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Badary
- Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amany M Nafee
- Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona H El Zohri
- Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rania Bakry
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Shabaan H Ahmed
- Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Koeck R, Fischnaller M, Bakry R, Tessadri R, Bonn GK. Preparation and evaluation of monolithic poly(N-vinylcarbazole-co-1,4-divinylbenzene) capillary columns for the separation of small molecules. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5897-907. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bakry R. PS240. Factors Affecting the Response of the Vascular Endothelium to the Microsuturing Trauma. J Vasc Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.03.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fischnaller M, Köck R, Bakry R, Bonn GK. Enrichment and desalting of tryptic protein digests and the protein depletion using boron nitride. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 823:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zaky AH, Bakry R, El-sayed MI, Elwanis MA, Nabih O. Impact of treatment-related toxicity on outcome of HCV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in rituximab era. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:412-6. [PMID: 24620947 DOI: 10.1179/1607845413y.0000000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED NOVELTY AND IMPACT: This first study compares the survival of HCV-positive DLBCL treated with and without rituximab which showed in toxicity and the outcome. BACKGROUND The effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on prognosis and hepatic toxicity in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the rituximab era is unclear. The treatment and the outcome of patients with DLBCL and HCV infection are still a matter of debate. METHODS We analyzed 137 DLBCL patients positive to HCV, treated with chemotherapy regimens include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) ± rituximab. Survival outcomes and hepatic toxicity were compared in DLBCL patients positive to HCV infection according to CHOP ± rituximab. RESULT Our result showed that the group of patients treated with R-CHOP has significant high incidence of hepatic toxicity grade (3-4) (28 vs. 18%, P value 0.001) and worse progression-free survival (55 vs. 80%, P value 0.002) in comparison with the group treated with CHOP, and also there is significant difference between both groups in overall survival. This first study compares the survival of HCV-positive DLBCL treated with and without rituximab which showed significant differences. CONCLUSION We conclude that HCV-positive patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab plus CHOP have high incidence in hepatic toxicity. Specific protocols evaluating antiviral therapy should be designed for these patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/mortality
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Disease Progression
- Disease-Free Survival
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Female
- Hepacivirus/physiology
- Hepatitis C/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods
- Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prognosis
- Rituximab
- Survival Rate
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
- Young Adult
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Najam-ul-Haq M, Rainer M, Trojer L, Feuerstein I, Vallant RM, Huck CW, Bakry R, Bonn GK. Alternative profiling platform based on MELDI and its applicability in clinical proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 4:447-52. [PMID: 17705703 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.4.4.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence of numerous proteomics data and their results in literature reveal the importance and influence of proteins and peptides on human cell cycle. For instance, the proteomic profiling of biological samples, such as serum, plasma or cells, and their organelles, carried out by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, has led to the discovery of numerous key proteins involved in many biological disease processes. However, questions still remain regarding the reproducibility, bioinformatic artifacts and cross-validations of such experimental set-ups. The authors have developed a material-based approach, termed material-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MELDI-MS), to facilitate and improve the robustness of large-scale proteomic experiments. MELDI-MS includes a fully automated protein-profiling platform, from sample preparation and analysis to data processing involving state-of-the-art methods, which can be further improved. Multiplexed protein pattern analysis, based on material morphology, physical characteristics and chemical functionalities provides a multitude of protein patterns and allows prostate cancer samples to be distinguished from non-prostate cancer samples. Furthermore, MELDI-MS enables not only the analysis of protein signatures, but also the identification of potential discriminating peaks via capillary liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The optimized MELDI approach offers a complete proteomics platform with improved sensitivity, selectivity and short sample preparation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry & Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Hasan E, Khalaf M, Badrawy H, Bakry R, Mossad E. Evaluation of multidrug resistance in acute leukemia using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Egypt J Haematol 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-1067.124839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sayed D, El-Badawy OHB, Eldin EN, Bakry R, Badary MS, Abd-Alrahman ME, El-Feky MA, Thabit AG. Is Foxp3 a good marker for regulatory T cells? Egypt J Immunol 2014; 21:1-8. [PMID: 25812348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To track the changes in the tested Treg markers especially Foxp3 following activation to determine whether data of human studies using Foxp3 in evaluation of Tregs are reliable or not. Four-colour flow cytometry analysis was carried out to calculate the percentages of Tregs before and after lymphocyte activation. Foxp3 expression by CD4(+)CD25(+)* and CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells increased after T cell activation. A moderate negative correlation was observed between the percentage of each of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)IL10(+) or CD4(+)CD25(high) Foxp3(+)IL10(+) T cells and the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells "after activation" and a weak negative correlation was similarly observed between the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+)IL10(+) T cells and the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells "after activation". A moderate negative correlation was observed between the percentage of each of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)IL10(+), CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+)IL10(+) or CD4(+)CD25(-) Foxp3(+)lL10(+) T cells and the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells "after activation". CD4(+)CD25(high) T cell subpopulation expressed a significantly higher level of intracellular Foxp3 compared with CD4(+)CD25(low) and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells subpopulations. In conclusions, Foxp3 is a good marker of Tregs especially if panels of markers were used for their identification. CD4(+)CD25(high) Foxp3(+) T cell subpopulation mostly represents Tregs and thus should be the one targeted in Treg studies.
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Koeck R, Bakry R, Tessadri R, Bonn GK. Monolithic poly(N-vinylcarbazole-co-1,4-divinylbenzene) capillary columns for the separation of biomolecules. Analyst 2013; 138:5089-98. [PMID: 23799449 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic capillary columns were prepared by thermally initiated free radical copolymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) and 1,4-divinylbenzene (DVB) within the confines of 200 and 100 μm i.d. fused silica capillaries. The reaction was carried out under the influence of inert micro-(toluene) and macroporogen (1-decanol) and α,α'-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a free radical initiator. The material proved high mechanical stability applying water and acetonitrile as mobile phases. The morphological and porous properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen sorption (BET) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The homogeneity of the copolymerization process was confirmed by elemental analysis and monomer conversion measurements. The newly developed NVC/DVB monolithic supports showed high separation efficiency towards biomolecules, applying reversed-phase (RP) and ion-pair reversed-phase (IP-RP) separation modes, which is exemplified by the separations of peptides, proteins and oligonucleotides. Furthermore the maximum loading capacity was evaluated. The chromatographic performance under isocratic elution was determined in terms of theoretical plate number and plate height, where up to 41,000 plates per column and a minimum plate height value of 1.7 μm were achieved, applying oligonucleotide separations. In gradient elution mode, peak capacities of 96 and 127 were achieved within a gradient time window of 60 min for protein and oligonucleotide separations, respectively. The material proved to have high permeability, good repeatability of the fabrication process and high surface areas in the range of 120-160 m(2) g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Koeck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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EL-Sherry T, Derar R, Bakry R. Changes in blood flow in ovine follicles and serum concentration of estradiol 17 beta (E2) and nitric oxide (NO) around the time of ovulation in Ossimi ewes. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 138:188-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fischnaller M, Bakry R, Vallant RM, Huber LA, Bonn GK. C60-fullerene bound silica for the preconcentration and the fractionation of multiphosphorylated peptides. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 761:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abudukadeer A, Bakry R, Goebel G, Mutz-Dehbalaie I, Widschwendter A, Bonn GK, Fiegl H. Clinical relevance of CDH1 and CDH13 DNA-methylation in serum of cervical cancer patients. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:8353-8363. [PMID: 22942707 PMCID: PMC3430238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the DNA-methylation status of E-cadherin (CDH1) and H-cadherin (CDH13) in serum samples of cervical cancer patients and control patients with no malignant diseases and to evaluate the clinical utility of these markers. DNA-methylation status of CDH1 and CDH13 was analyzed by means of MethyLight-technology in serum samples from 49 cervical cancer patients and 40 patients with diseases other than cancer. To compare this methylation analysis with another technique, we analyzed the samples with a denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) PCR-method. The specificity and sensitivity of CDH1 DNA-methylation measured by MethyLight was 75% and 55%, and for CDH13 DNA-methylation 95% and 10%. We identified a specificity of 92.5% and a sensitivity of only 27% for the CDH1 DHPLC-PCR analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that serum CDH1 methylation-positive patients had a 7.8-fold risk for death (95% CI: 2.2–27.7; p = 0.001) and a 92.8-fold risk for relapse (95% CI: 3.9–2207.1; p = 0.005). We concluded that the serological detection of CDH1 and CDH13 DNA-hypermethylation is not an ideal diagnostic tool due to low diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. However, it was validated that CDH1 methylation analysis in serum samples may be of potential use as a prognostic marker for cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Abudukadeer
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical University of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830000, China; E-Mail:
| | - Rania Bakry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Tirol 6020, Austria; E-Mails: (R.B.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Georg Goebel
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Tirol 6020, Austria; E-Mail:
| | - Irene Mutz-Dehbalaie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Tirol 6020, Austria; E-Mails: (I.M.-D.); (A.W.)
| | - Andreas Widschwendter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Tirol 6020, Austria; E-Mails: (I.M.-D.); (A.W.)
| | - Günther K. Bonn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Tirol 6020, Austria; E-Mails: (R.B.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Heidi Fiegl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Tirol 6020, Austria; E-Mails: (I.M.-D.); (A.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +43-512-504-23113
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Sayed S, Bakry R, El-Shazly M, El-Oteify M, Terzaki S, Fekry M. Effect of major burns on early and late activating markers of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2012; 25:17-21. [PMID: 23012611 PMCID: PMC3431722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is known that lymphocytes immunophenotype is a reflection of the functional level of the immune system. The immunosuppressive effect of major burns is also known for many years. T lymphocytes of 50 major burn patients were analyzed in base line (BL) samples at 24 hours and at 1 week and 2 weeks after burn, using monoclonal antibodies of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25 (IL2R) and HLA-DR by flow cytometry and β2-microglobulin (β2-m) by ELISA. Recorded values were compared with those of 50 healthy donors. There was statistically significant reduction in absolute number of CD3 positive cells (CD3+) (p<0.000) and CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.01) in the first 24 hours in comparison with controls. CD25 (IL-2R) shows insignificant upregulation on T lymphocytes after burn with significant upregulation of HLA-DR. The absolute number of CD3+ cells began to increase after 2 weeks (p=0.03) but remained less than controls (p=0.08). CD4/CD8 ratio was more or less same as healthy controls after 2 weeks. Upregulation of CD25 was insignificantly increased and that of HLA-DR was markedly increased after 2 weeks (p=0.001). Significant negative correlations were detected between mean values of β2-m and both absolute numbers of CD3 and CD4 positive cells in BL and one week samples. In addition there was significant correlation between mean values of β2-m and values of CD25 expression in the BL samples. The obtained data is suggestive of persistent activation of T lymphocytes two weeks after major burns whereas early shedding of β2-m is related to activation of lymphocytes increasing their susceptibility to apoptosis, both indicative of altered immune response. Burn intensivists and surgeons should be keen to support the patients' immune system in the first hours following major burns. This support will ensure free-bacteremic blood with a consequent better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute
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Belal S, Abdel-Razak O, El-Walily AF, Bakry R. Spectrophotometric Determination of Captopril and Penicillamine through the Use of Ligand Exchange Complexation Reactions. Int J Biomed Sci 2011; 7:289-94. [PMID: 23675249 PMCID: PMC3614845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two spectrophotmetric methods based on combined redox - ligand exchange reactions were developed for the determination of captopril and penicillamine in pure form and in their dosage forms. The first method is based on attenuating the absorbance of a ternary complex: silver (I) - bromopyrogallol red - phenanthroline in a buffer solution of pH6-8. The method has the concentration ranges 2-10 μg mL(-1) and 0.5-1.75 μg mL(-1) for captopril and penicillamine respectively, and the detection limits 7.1 × 10(-2) and 5.7 × 10(-2) μg mL(-1) for captopril and penicillamine respectively. The second method is based on decreasing the absorbance of a chloroformic solution of copper (II) - oxine chelate when shaken with the drug solution in buffer medium of pH 8. The drugs were determined in the concentrations 30-90 μg mL(-1) and 30-100 μg mL(-1) for captopril and penicillamine respectively, and the detection limits 0.94 and 1.76 μg mL(-1) for captopril and penicillamine respectively. The proposed methods were applied in the analysis of both compounds in their pharmaceutical preparations, and results were favorably compared with reference spectrophotometric methods regarding accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21521, Egypt;
| | - Omayma Abdel-Razak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdel-Fattah El-Walily
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21521, Egypt;
| | - Rania Bakry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Bachmann S, Bakry R, Huck CW, Polato F, Corradini D, Bonn GK. Peptide mapping using capillary electrophoresis offline coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2830-9. [PMID: 21953317 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the results of a study carried out to evaluate the offline hyphenation of capillary zone electrophoresis with matrix-assisted lased desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for the analysis of low-abundant complex samples, represented by the tryptic phosphorylated peptides of phosphoproteins, such as α-casein, β-casein, and fetuin. The proposed method employs a latex-coated capillary and consists in the online preconcentration of the tryptic peptides by a pH-mediated stacking method, their separation by capillary zone electrophoresis, and subsequent deposition of the separated analytes onto a MALDI target for their MS analysis. The online preconcentration method allows loading a large sample volume (∼150 nL), which is introduced into the capillary after the hydrodynamic injection of a short plug of 1.0 M ammonium hydroxide solution and is sandwiched between two plugs of the acidic background electrolyte solution (BGE) filling the capillary. The sample spotting of the separated analytes onto the MALDI target is performed either during or postseparation using an automatic spotting device connected to the exit of the separation capillary. The proposed method allows the separation and identification of multiphosphorylated peptides from other peptides and enables their identification at femtomole level with improved efficiency compared with LC approaches hyphenated to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bachmann
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Bakry R, Rainer M, Huck C, Bonn G. Protein profiling for cancer biomarker discovery using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and infrared imaging: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 690:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sayed D, Bakry R, El-Sharkawy N, Zahran A, Khalaf MR. Flow cytometric platelet cross-matching to predict platelet transfusion in acute leukemia. J Clin Apher 2010; 26:23-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jca.20273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Finkenstedt A, Wolf E, Höfner E, Gasser BI, Bösch S, Bakry R, Creus M, Kremser C, Schocke M, Theurl M, Moser P, Schranz M, Bonn G, Poewe W, Vogel W, Janecke AR, Zoller H. Hepatic but not brain iron is rapidly chelated by deferasirox in aceruloplasminemia due to a novel gene mutation. J Hepatol 2010; 53:1101-7. [PMID: 20801540 PMCID: PMC2987498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Aceruloplasminemia is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease associated with brain and liver iron accumulation which typically presents with movement disorders, retinal degeneration, and diabetes mellitus. Ceruloplasmin is a multi-copper ferroxidase that is secreted into plasma and facilitates cellular iron export and iron binding to transferrin. RESULTS A novel homozygous ceruloplasmin gene mutation, c.2554+1G>T, was identified as the cause of aceruloplasminemia in three affected siblings. Two siblings presented with movement disorders and diabetes. Complementary DNA sequencing showed that this mutation causes skipping of exon 14 and deletion of amino acids 809-852 while preserving the open reading frame. Western blotting of liver extracts and sera of affected patients showed retention of the abnormal protein in the liver. Aceruloplasminemia was associated with severe brain and liver iron overload, where hepatic mRNA expression of the iron hormone hepcidin was increased, corresponding to the degree of iron overload. Hepatic iron concentration normalized after 3 and 5months of iron chelation therapy with deferasirox, which was also associated with reduced insulin demands. During short term treatment there was no clinical or imaging evidence for significant effects on brain iron overload. CONCLUSIONS Aceruloplasminemia can show an incomplete clinical penetrance but is invariably associated with iron accumulation in the liver and in the brain. Iron accumulation in aceruloplasminemia is a result of defective cellular iron export, where hepcidin regulation is appropriate for the degree of iron overload. Iron chelation with deferasirox was effective in mobilizing hepatic iron but has no effect on brain iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Finkenstedt
- Department of Medicine II Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elmar Höfner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bethina Isasi Gasser
- Department of Medicine II Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sylvia Bösch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rania Bakry
- Department of Analytical Chemistry & Radiochemistry, Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marc Creus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kremser
- Department of Radiology I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Schocke
- Department of Radiology I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Theurl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melanie Schranz
- Department of Medicine II Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenther Bonn
- Department of Analytical Chemistry & Radiochemistry, Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Vogel
- Department of Medicine II Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas R. Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Department of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Medicine II Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Corresponding author. Address: Department of Medicine II Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Tel.: +43 512 504 23255; fax: +43 512 504 23309.
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Szabo Z, Vallant RM, Takátsy A, Bakry R, Najam-ul-Haq M, Rainer M, Huck CW, Bonn GK. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of small molecules using fullerene-derivatized silica as energy-absorbing material. J Mass Spectrom 2010; 45:545-552. [PMID: 20446313 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the growing acceptance of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of a wide variety of compounds, including polymers and proteins, its use in analyzing low-molecular-weight molecules (<1000 m/z) is still limited. This is mainly due to the interference of matrix molecules in the low-mass range. Here the derivatized fullerenes covalently bound to silica particles with different pore sizes are applied as thin layer for laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometric analysis. Thus, an interference of intrinsic matrix ions can be eliminated or minimized in comparison with the state-of-the-art weak organic acid matrices. The desorption/ionization ability of the developed fullerene-silica materials depends on the applied laser power, sample preparation and pore size of the silica particles. Thus, fullerene-silica serves as an LDI support for mass spectrometric analysis of molecules (<1500 Da). The performance of the fullerene-silica is demonstrated by the mass analysis of variety of small molecules such as carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, phospholipids and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szabo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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Bachmann S, Vallant R, Bakry R, Huck CW, Corradini D, Bonn GK. CE coupled to MALDI with novel covalently coated capillaries. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:618-29. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Petter C, Heigl N, Bakry R, Bonn G, Ritsch A, Huck C. Quantification of Low-Density and High-Density Lipoproteins in Human Serum by Material Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy (MEIRS). Curr Med Chem 2009; 16:4601-8. [DOI: 10.2174/092986709789760625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Monolithic columns are an attractive alternative to traditional particulate solid phases for capillary liquid chromatography. A monolith is a continuous interconnected skeleton with large through-pores. This structure reduces the diffusion path and provides high permeability, resulting in excellent separation efficiency. The integral structure enhances the mechanical strength, while the large through-pores (a few microm) have very low flow impedance. This combination allows smaller diameter monolithic columns to be operated at higher flow-rates, simultaneously increasing both sensitivity and throughput. Polymeric monoliths were first described back in the 1960s, but the first successful ones designed for protein separations appeared much later, in the late 1980s. Organic monoliths are based upon copolymerization of a monofunctional and a bifunctional (uncommonly trifunctional) organic precursor in the presence of a suitable initiator and porogenic solvents. During the last 15 years, a vast number of different monomers and crosslinkers have been introduced and copolymerized using different polymerization techniques and initiators. Various mechanisms, including thermally- and UV-initiated free radical polymerization, as well as ring opening metathesis copolymerizations, have been demonstrated for the preparation of monolithic columns. In this review, we summarize the recent application of different organic monoliths, including styrene-, acrylate-, methacrylate-, and acrylamide for the liquid separation of biomolecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Bakry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020-Innsbruck, Austria.
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Böddi K, Takátsy A, Szabó S, Markó L, Márk L, Wittmann I, Ohmacht R, Montskó G, Vallant RM, Ringer T, Bakry R, Huck CW, Bonn GK, Szabó Z. Use of fullerene-, octadecyl-, and triaconthyl silica for solid phase extraction of tryptic peptides obtained from unmodified andin vitroglycated human serum albumin and fibrinogen. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:295-308. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Petter C, Heigl N, Rainer M, Bakry R, Pallua J, Bonn G, Huck C. Development and Application of Fourier-Transform Infrared Chemical Imaging of Tumour in Human Tissue. Curr Med Chem 2009; 16:318-26. [DOI: 10.2174/092986709787002664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Rainer M, Sonderegger H, Bakry R, Huck CW, Morandell S, Huber LA, Gjerde DT, Bonn GK. Analysis of protein phosphorylation by monolithic extraction columns based on poly(divinylbenzene) containing embedded titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide nano-powders. Proteomics 2008; 8:4593-602. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hahn H, Bakry R, Huck C, Rainer M, Najam-ul-Haq M, Bonn G. Current Advances in Antibody Immobilization on Different Surfaces and Beads. CURR PROTEOMICS 2008. [DOI: 10.2174/157016408784911918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Petter CH, Heigl N, Bachmann S, Huck-Pezzei VAC, Najam-ul-Haq M, Bakry R, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Bonn GK, Huck CW. Near infrared spectroscopy compared to liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis as a detection tool for peptide reaction monitoring. Amino Acids 2007; 34:605-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Huck CW, Huck-Pezzei V, Bakry R, Bachmann S, Najam-ul-Haq M, Rainer M, Bonn GK. Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled To Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2174/1874123100701010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review the most important techniques, which are developed to hyphenate capillary electrophoresis to
mass spectrometry (CE-MS), suitable for forensic analysis, are summarized. Analytes of interest are divided into four
main parts, namely, compounds with amine containing side chains, compounds with N-containing saturated ring structures,
other heterocycles and peptides. Sample pre-treatments and direct injection modes used in CE-MS for forensic
analysis are briefly discussed from critical point of view. Special emphasis is placed to point out the advantages of mass
spectrometric detection compared to UV- and laser- induced fluorescence (LIF) detections.
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Vallant RM, Szabo Z, Bachmann S, Bakry R, Najam-ul-Haq M, Rainer M, Heigl N, Petter C, Huck CW, Bonn GK. Development and Application of C60-Fullerene Bound Silica for Solid-Phase Extraction of Biomolecules. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8144-53. [PMID: 17915938 DOI: 10.1021/ac0712392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer M. Vallant
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Bachmann
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rania Bakry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Rainer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nico Heigl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Petter
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W. Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther K. Bonn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Stecher G, Jarukamjorn K, Zaborski P, Bakry R, Huck CW, Bonn GK. Evaluation of extraction methods for the simultaneous analysis of simple and macrocyclic trichothecenes. Talanta 2007; 73:251-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schranz M, Bakry R, Vogel W, Zoller H. Molekulare Zellbiologie der hepatischen Hepcidinsekretion: Furin als Schlüsselenzym? Z Gastroenterol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-985482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hahn H, Huck CW, Rainer M, Najam-ul-Haq M, Bakry R, Abberger T, Jennings P, Pfaller W, Bonn GK. Analysis of glutathione in supernatants and lysates of a human proximal tubular cell line from perfusion culture upon intoxication with cadmium chloride by HPLC and LC-ESI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1763-9. [PMID: 17594082 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1401-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple and highly effective reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is described for analysing glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in out-flowing supernatants and lysates of perfusion cell cultures of human kidney cells (HK-2 cells) continuously exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2), which is a well-known nephrotoxin. The developed linear liquid chromatographic gradient employs monolithic poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS/DVB) as a stationary phase and is adaptable for coupling to mass spectrometry via an electrospray ionisation interface (LC-ESI/MS), which is carried out in case of co-eluting peaks. This study presents a quantitative assay of glutathione over the time of experiment and cell lysates at the end of the experiment. The assay of out-flowing supernatants has the potential to be applied as an online assay in high time resolution. Glutathione (reduced and oxidised, GSH and GSSG) is chosen as an indicator for toxic effects in the cultured cells. In principle it is possible to show the concentration of glutathione as a function of time in an investigation of exposure of the HK-2 cell line to CdCl2. In addition to glutathione analysis, well-established assays of cell death such as enzyme release and cell viability are performed to obtain information about the number of living cells. Toxicity of 5 microM CdCl2 is manifested in all of the assays applied. Fast (<7 min) and highly reproducible (max. aberration 4.7%) determination of glutathione could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hahn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 52a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
A CE method employing capacitively coupled contactless conductivity (C(4)D) compared to indirect UV-detection was developed for the analysis of phytochemically relevant flavonoids, such as 6-hydroxyflavone, biochanin A, hesperetin and naringenin. To ensure fast separation at highest selectivity, sensitivity and peak symmetry, the pH value and the concentration of the running BGE had to be optimized regarding both co- and counter-EOF mode. Optimum conditions were found to be 1.0 and 5.0 mM chromate BGE (pH 9.50) in the counter- and co-EOF mode, respectively. Validation of the established CE-C(4)D method pointed out to be approximately seven times more sensitive compared to indirect UV-detection applying the same conditions. The lower LOD defined at an S/N of 3:1 was found between 0.12 and 0.21 microg/mL for the analytes of interest using C(4)D and between 0.77 and 1.20 microg/mL using indirect UV-detection. Compared to an earlier published CE method employing direct UV-detection, C(4)D was found to be approximately two times more sensitive. Due to the lower baseline noise, C(4)D showed an excellent regression coefficient >0.99 compared to 0.93 when using indirect UV detection calibrating within a concentration range between 1 and 10 microg/mL. The influence of the sugar moiety on the conductivity of a flavonoid was studied upon the analysis of the aglycon hesperetin and the rutinosid hesperidin. The sugar moiety in hesperedin shows a higher conductivity compared to hesperetin. Finally, the optimized established CE-C(4)D method was applied to the determination and quantification of naringenin in Sinupret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bachmann
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Wieder W, Bisjak CP, Huck CW, Bakry R, Bonn GK. Monolithic poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) capillary columns functionalized to strong anion exchangers for nucleotide and oligonucleotide separation. J Sep Sci 2007; 29:2478-84. [PMID: 17154128 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) monoliths were synthesized and further derivatized to obtain strong anion exchange supports. Capillary monoliths (65 x 0.2 mm id) were prepared in situ by copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and divinylbenzene, employing 1-decanol and tetrahydrofuran as porogens. The free epoxy groups were derivatized in a two step synthesis to obtain quaternary ammonium functionalities. On testing the pressure stability of the synthesized monolith, a highly linear dependence between flow rate and pressure drop was obtained, indicating the high stability of the material even at high flow rates. The morphology of the copolymer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Mercury intrusion porosimetry showed a narrow pore size distribution, having a maximum at 439 nm. On recording a van Deemter plot the number of theoretical plates per meter was found to be 59324. The produced strong anion exchange monoliths turned out to be highly suitable for the separation of nucleotides and oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wieder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria
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