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Berencsi A, Gombos F, Kovács I. Capacity to improve fine motor skills in Williams syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2016; 60:956-968. [PMID: 27485486 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) are known to have difficulties in carrying out fine motor movements; however, a detailed behavioural profile of WS in this domain is still missing. It is also unknown how great the capacity to improve these skills with focused and extensive practice is. METHOD We studied initial performance and learning capacity in a sequential finger tapping (FT) task in WS and in typical development. Improvement in the FT task has been shown to be sleep dependent. WS subjects participating in the current study have also participated in earlier polysomnography studies, although not directly related to learning. RESULTS WS participants presented with great individual variability. In addition to generally poor initial performance, learning capacity was also greatly limited in WS. We found indications that reduced sleep efficiency might contribute to this limitation. CONCLUSIONS Estimating motor learning capacity and the depth of sleep disorder in a larger sample of WS individuals might reveal important relationships between sleep and learning, and contribute to efficient intervention methods improving skill acquisition in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berencsi
- Laboratory for Psychological Research, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Bárczi Gusztáv Faculty of Special Education, Institute for Methodology of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - F Gombos
- Laboratory for Psychological Research, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of General Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - I Kovács
- Laboratory for Psychological Research, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of General Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
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Backhaus W, Braass H, Renné T, Gerloff C, Hummel FC. Motor Performance Is not Enhanced by Daytime Naps in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:125. [PMID: 27303292 PMCID: PMC4886106 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of sleep on motor learning in the aging brain was investigated using an experimental diurnal nap setup. As the brain ages several components of learning as well as motor performance change. In addition, aging is also related to sleep architectural changes. This combination of slowed learning processes and impaired sleep behavior raises the question of whether sleep can enhance learning and specifically performance of procedural tasks in healthy, older adults. Previous research was able to show sleep-dependent consolidation overnight for numerous tasks in young adults. Some of these study findings can also be replicated for older adults. This study aims to clarify whether sleep-dependent consolidation can also be found during shorter periods of diurnal sleep. The impact of midday naps on motor consolidation was analyzed by comparing procedural learning using a sequence and a motor adaptation task, in a crossover fashion in healthy, non-sleep deprived, older adults randomly subjected to wake (45 min), short nap (10–20 min sleep) or long nap (50–70 min sleep) conditions. Older adults exhibited learning gains, these were not found to be sleep-dependent in either task. The results suggest that daytime naps do not have an impact on performance and motor learning in an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifried Backhaus
- Brain Imaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Braass
- Brain Imaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany; Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Brain Imaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm C Hummel
- Brain Imaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany; University Sleep Medicine Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Agaplesion HospitalHamburg, Germany
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53
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Cousins JN, El-Deredy W, Parkes LM, Hennies N, Lewis PA. Cued Reactivation of Motor Learning during Sleep Leads to Overnight Changes in Functional Brain Activity and Connectivity. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002451. [PMID: 27137944 PMCID: PMC4854410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays a role in memory consolidation. This is demonstrated by improved performance and neural plasticity underlying that improvement after sleep. Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) allows the manipulation of sleep-dependent consolidation through intentionally biasing the replay of specific memories in sleep, but the underlying neural basis of these altered memories remains unclear. We use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show a change in the neural representation of a motor memory after targeted reactivation in slow-wave sleep (SWS). Participants learned two serial reaction time task (SRTT) sequences associated with different auditory tones (high or low pitch). During subsequent SWS, one sequence was reactivated by replaying the associated tones. Participants were retested on both sequences the following day during fMRI. As predicted, they showed faster reaction times for the cued sequence after targeted memory reactivation. Furthermore, increased activity in bilateral caudate nucleus and hippocampus for the cued relative to uncued sequence was associated with time in SWS, while increased cerebellar and cortical motor activity was related to time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Functional connectivity between the caudate nucleus and hippocampus was also increased after targeted memory reactivation. These findings suggest that the offline performance gains associated with memory reactivation are supported by altered functional activity in key cognitive and motor networks, and that this consolidation is differentially mediated by both REM sleep and SWS. Slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep are associated with the reactivation and consolidation of a motor skill within distinct brain networks. After a motor skill is learned, the memory undergoes "offline" processing so that improvement occurs even without further practice. Sleep has been shown to enhance this consolidation and, in the process, to reorganize the brain regions involved. However, it remains unclear how sleep does this, and whether different sleep stages have different contributions. One popular idea is that the memory trace is reactivated during slow-wave sleep—a period of sleep characterized by synchronized activity at a slow frequency and high amplitude, as recorded by electroencephalography (EEG)—which drives memory reorganization within the brain. To test this in humans, we took advantage of "targeted memory reactivation," where replay of specific memories is cued by presentation of a sound that was present during learning. After sleep, motor performance was faster for cued memories, suggesting that the trace was consolidated during sleep. Coupled with this, brain activation and connectivity in several motor-learning areas was enhanced for the cued memory. Furthermore, some changes in brain activity were associated with time spent in slow-wave sleep, while others were associated with time spent in rapid-eye movement sleep. These observations provide further insight into sleep's unique role in memory consolidation by showing that offline skill enhancement depends on the reactivation of specific memories, and the associated changes in neural activity may rely upon processing that unfolds across different stages of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cousins
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wael El-Deredy
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Laura M Parkes
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Hennies
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistr, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Penelope A Lewis
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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54
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Um YH, Jeong JH, Hong SC, Kim TW, Lim HK, Seo HJ, Han JH. Association between sleep parameters and cognitive function in drug-naïve children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a polysomnographic study. Sleep Med 2016; 21:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hesseg RM, Gal C, Karni A. Not quite there: skill consolidation in training by doing or observing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:189-94. [PMID: 27084926 PMCID: PMC4836636 DOI: 10.1101/lm.041228.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We tested the notion that action observation engages learning processes and mnemonic representations overlapping with those engaged in actual performance. An identical number of training instances, actual performance, or observation, was afforded on a finger opposition sequence task. Both training modes resulted in immediate gains in performance, as well as in robust delayed, “off-line,” gains, indicating post-training consolidation. However, the expression of delayed gains could be blocked by the subsequent performance of a second sequence (post-training interference), but not by its observation. The mnemonic representations of “how-to” knowledge acquired from actual or observed movement may not overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmit Gal
- University of Haifa Israel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Avi Karni
- University of Haifa Israel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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56
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Rozengurt R, Barnea A, Uchida S, Levy DA. Theta EEG neurofeedback benefits early consolidation of motor sequence learning. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:965-73. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Rozengurt
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology and Sagol Unit for Applied Neuroscience; Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya; Herzliya Israel
- Biokeshev Clinic; Givat Haim Ichud Israel
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences; Waseda University; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Sunao Uchida
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences; Waseda University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Daniel A. Levy
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology and Sagol Unit for Applied Neuroscience; Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya; Herzliya Israel
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Gorgoni M, Lauri G, Truglia I, Cordone S, Sarasso S, Scarpelli S, Mangiaruga A, D'Atri A, Tempesta D, Ferrara M, Marra C, Rossini PM, De Gennaro L. Parietal Fast Sleep Spindle Density Decrease in Alzheimer's Disease and Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8376108. [PMID: 27066274 PMCID: PMC4811201 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8376108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have identified two types of sleep spindles: fast (13-15 Hz) centroparietal and slow (11-13 Hz) frontal spindles. Alterations in spindle activity have been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Only few studies have separately assessed fast and slow spindles in these patients showing a reduction of fast spindle count, but the possible local specificity of this phenomenon and its relation to cognitive decline severity are not clear. Moreover, fast and slow spindle density have never been assessed in AD/MCI. We have assessed fast and slow spindles in 15 AD patients, 15 amnesic MCI patients, and 15 healthy elderly controls (HC). Participants underwent baseline polysomnographic recording (19 cortical derivations). Spindles during nonrapid eye movements sleep were automatically detected, and spindle densities of the three groups were compared in the derivations where fast and slow spindles exhibited their maximum expression (parietal and frontal, resp.). AD and MCI patients showed a significant parietal fast spindle density decrease, positively correlated with Minimental State Examination scores. Our results suggest that AD-related changes in spindle density are specific for frequency and location, are related to cognitive decline severity, and may have an early onset in the pathology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lauri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Truglia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Cordone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Sarasso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aurora D'Atri
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Tempesta
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 Coppito, Italy
| | - Camillo Marra
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Laventure S, Fogel S, Lungu O, Albouy G, Sévigny-Dupont P, Vien C, Sayour C, Carrier J, Benali H, Doyon J. NREM2 and Sleep Spindles Are Instrumental to the Consolidation of Motor Sequence Memories. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002429. [PMID: 27032084 PMCID: PMC4816304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies have convincingly demonstrated that sleep plays a critical role in motor sequence learning (MSL) consolidation, the specific contribution of the different sleep stages in this type of memory consolidation is still contentious. To probe the role of stage 2 non-REM sleep (NREM2) in this process, we used a conditioning protocol in three different groups of participants who either received an odor during initial training on a motor sequence learning task and were re-exposed to this odor during different sleep stages of the post-training night (i.e., NREM2 sleep [Cond-NREM2], REM sleep [Cond-REM], or were not conditioned during learning but exposed to the odor during NREM2 [NoCond]). Results show that the Cond-NREM2 group had significantly higher gains in performance at retest than both the Cond-REM and NoCond groups. Also, only the Cond-NREM2 group yielded significant changes in sleep spindle characteristics during cueing. Finally, we found that a change in frequency of sleep spindles during cued-memory reactivation mediated the relationship between the experimental groups and gains in performance the next day. These findings strongly suggest that cued-memory reactivation during NREM2 sleep triggers an increase in sleep spindle activity that is then related to the consolidation of motor sequence memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Laventure
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stuart Fogel
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, The Brain & Mind Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Albouy
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Catherine Vien
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chadi Sayour
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Habib Benali
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mantua J, Baran B, Spencer RMC. Sleep benefits consolidation of visuo-motor adaptation learning in older adults. Exp Brain Res 2015; 234:587-95. [PMID: 26563162 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is beneficial for performance across a range of memory tasks in young adults, but whether memories are similarly consolidated in older adults is less clear. Performance benefits have been observed following sleep in older adults for declarative learning tasks, but this benefit may be reduced for non-declarative, motor skill learning tasks. To date, studies of sleep-dependent consolidation of motor learning in older adults are limited to motor sequence tasks. To examine whether reduced sleep-dependent consolidation in older adults is generalizable to other forms of motor skill learning, we examined performance changes over intervals of sleep and wake in young (n = 62) and older adults (n = 61) using a mirror-tracing task, which assesses visuo-motor adaptation learning. Participants learned the task either in the morning or in evening, and performance was assessed following a 12-h interval containing overnight sleep or daytime wake. Contrary to our prediction, both young adults and older adults exhibited sleep-dependent gains in visuo-motor adaptation. There was a correlation between performance improvement over sleep and percent of the night in non-REM stage 2 sleep. These results indicate that motor skill consolidation remains intact with increasing age although this relationship may be limited to specific forms of motor skill learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Mantua
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 419 Tobin Hall/135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Bengi Baran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 419 Tobin Hall/135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Rebecca M C Spencer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 419 Tobin Hall/135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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60
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Korman M, Dagan Y, Karni A. Nap it or leave it in the elderly: A nap after practice relaxes age-related limitations in procedural memory consolidation. Neurosci Lett 2015; 606:173-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Astill RG, Piantoni G, Raymann RJEM, Vis JC, Coppens JE, Walker MP, Stickgold R, Van Der Werf YD, Van Someren EJW. Sleep spindle and slow wave frequency reflect motor skill performance in primary school-age children. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:910. [PMID: 25426055 PMCID: PMC4227520 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The role of sleep in the enhancement of motor skills has been studied extensively in adults. We aimed to determine involvement of sleep and characteristics of spindles and slow waves in a motor skill in children. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized sleep-dependence of skill enhancement and an association of interindividual differences in skill and sleep characteristics. METHODS 30 children (19 females, 10.7 ± 0.8 years of age; mean ± SD) performed finger sequence tapping tasks in a repeated-measures design spanning 4 days including 1 polysomnography (PSG) night. Initial and delayed performance were assessed over 12 h of wake; 12 h with sleep; and 24 h with wake and sleep. For the 12 h with sleep, children were assigned to one of three conditions: modulation of slow waves and spindles was attempted using acoustic perturbation, and compared to yoked and no-sound control conditions. ANALYSES Mixed effect regression models evaluated the association of sleep, its macrostructure and spindles and slow wave parameters with initial and delayed speed and accuracy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Children enhance their accuracy only over an interval with sleep. Unlike previously reported in adults, children enhance their speed independent of sleep, a capacity that may to be lost in adulthood. Individual differences in the dominant frequency of spindles and slow waves were predictive for performance: children performed better if they had less slow spindles, more fast spindles and faster slow waves. On the other hand, overnight enhancement of accuracy was most pronounced in children with more slow spindles and slower slow waves, i.e., the ones with an initial lower performance. Associations of spindle and slow wave characteristics with initial performance may confound interpretation of their involvement in overnight enhancement. Slower frequencies of characteristic sleep events may mark slower learning and immaturity of networks involved in motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Astill
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Sleep Centre, Slotervaartziekenhuis Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Piantoni
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy J E M Raymann
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jose C Vis
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Sleepvision, Berg en Dal Netherlands
| | - Joris E Coppens
- Department of Technology and Software Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Stickgold
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ysbrand D Van Der Werf
- Department of Emotion and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University and Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Medical Psychology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
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63
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Duclos C, Beauregard MP, Bottari C, Ouellet MC, Gosselin N. The impact of poor sleep on cognition and activities of daily living after traumatic brain injury: a review. Aust Occup Ther J 2014; 62:2-12. [PMID: 25331353 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Patients frequently report sleep disruptions or insomnia during their hospital stay, particularly after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The consequences of these sleep disturbances on everyday activities are not well documented and are therefore not considered in the evaluation of independence in activities of daily living (ADLs). The goal of this narrative review is to explore the consequences of poor sleep quality on cognition and ADLs in the acute and subacute stages of a moderate and severe TBI, when patients are in acute care or inpatient rehabilitation. METHODS We will present an overview of normal sleep and its role in cognitive functioning, and then present the findings of studies that have investigated sleep characteristics in hospital settings and the consequences of sleep disturbances on ADLs. RESULTS During hospitalisation, TBI patients present severe sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep fragmentation, which are probably influenced by both the medical condition and the hospital or rehabilitation environment. Sleep disruption is associated with several cognitive deficits, including attention, memory and executive function impairments. Poor quality and/or insufficient quantity of sleep in acute TBI probably affect general functioning and ADLs calling for these cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The cognitive impairments present following TBI are probably exacerbated by poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation during hospitalisation, which in turn impact ADLs among this population. Health-care personnel should further consider sleep disturbances among people with TBI and a sleep protocol should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duclos
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Lungu O, Monchi O, Albouy G, Jubault T, Ballarin E, Burnod Y, Doyon J. Striatal and hippocampal involvement in motor sequence chunking depends on the learning strategy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103885. [PMID: 25148078 PMCID: PMC4141721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor sequences can be learned using an incremental approach by starting with a few elements and then adding more as training evolves (e.g., learning a piano piece); conversely, one can use a global approach and practice the whole sequence in every training session (e.g., shifting gears in an automobile). Yet, the neural correlates associated with such learning strategies in motor sequence learning remain largely unexplored to date. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure the cerebral activity of individuals executing the same 8-element sequence after they completed a 4-days training regimen (2 sessions each day) following either a global or incremental strategy. A network comprised of striatal and fronto-parietal regions was engaged significantly regardless of the learning strategy, whereas the global training regimen led to additional cerebellar and temporal lobe recruitment. Analysis of chunking/grouping of sequence elements revealed a common prefrontal network in both conditions during the chunk initiation phase, whereas execution of chunk cores led to higher mediotemporal activity (involving the hippocampus) after global than incremental training. The novelty of our results relate to the recruitment of mediotemporal regions conditional of the learning strategy. Thus, the present findings may have clinical implications suggesting that the ability of patients with lesions to the medial temporal lobe to learn and consolidate new motor sequences may benefit from using an incremental strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Lungu
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle (UNF), Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Center for Research in Aging, Donald Berman Maimonides Geriatric Center, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Oury Monchi
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle (UNF), Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Département de Radiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Geneviève Albouy
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle (UNF), Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Thomas Jubault
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle (UNF), Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Yves Burnod
- INSERM U678, Université de Paris VI Jussieu, Paris, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionelle (UNF), Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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65
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Gabitov E, Manor D, Karni A. Done that: short-term repetition related modulations of motor cortex activity as a stable signature for overnight motor memory consolidation. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:2716-34. [PMID: 24893741 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An almost universally accepted tacit expectation is that learning and memory consolidation processes must be reflected in the average brain activity in brain areas relevant to task performance. Motor cortex (M1) plasticity has been implicated in motor skill acquisition and its consolidation. Nevertheless, no consistent pattern of changes in the average signal, related to motor learning or motor memory consolidation following a single session of training, has emerged from imaging studies. Here we show that the pattern and magnitude of short-term brain activity modulations in response to task repetition, in M1, may provide a robust signature for effective motor memory consolidation processes. We studied participants during the paced performance of a finger-to-thumb opposition sequence (FOS), intensively trained a day earlier, and a similarly constructed untrained FOS. In addition to within-session "on-line" gains, most participants expressed delayed, consolidation-phase gains in the performance of the trained FOS. The execution of the trained FOS induced repetition enhancements in the contralateral M1 and bilaterally in the medial-temporal lobes, offsetting novelty-related repetition suppression effects. Moreover, the M1 modulations were positively correlated with the magnitude of each participant's overnight delayed gains but not with absolute performance levels. Our results suggest that short-term enhancements of brain signals upon task repetition reflect the effectiveness of overnight motor memory consolidation. We propose that procedural memory consolidation processes may affect the excitation-inhibition balance within cortical representations of the trained movements; this new balance is better reflected in repetition effects than in the average level of evoked neural activity.
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66
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Debas K, Carrier J, Barakat M, Marrelec G, Bellec P, Hadj Tahar A, Karni A, Ungerleider LG, Benali H, Doyon J. Off-line consolidation of motor sequence learning results in greater integration within a cortico-striatal functional network. Neuroimage 2014; 99:50-8. [PMID: 24844748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The consolidation of motor sequence learning is known to depend on sleep. Work in our laboratory and others have shown that the striatum is associated with this off-line consolidation process. In this study, we aimed to quantify the sleep-dependent dynamic changes occurring at the network level using a measure of functional integration. We directly compared changes in connectivity before and after sleep or the simple passage of daytime. As predicted, the results revealed greater integration within the cortico-striatal network after sleep, but not an equivalent daytime period. Importantly, a similar pattern of results was also observed using a data-driven approach; the increase in integration being specific to a cortico-striatal network, but not to other known functional networks. These findings reveal, for the first time, a new signature of motor sequence consolidation: a greater between-regions interaction within the cortico-striatal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Debas
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de recherche de l'institut gériatrique de l'université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de recherche de l'institut gériatrique de l'université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre d'étude du sommeil et des rythmes biologiques, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Barakat
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de recherche de l'institut gériatrique de l'université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Marrelec
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de recherche de l'institut gériatrique de l'université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 678, INSERM/University, Paris VI, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de recherche de l'institut gériatrique de l'université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Abdallah Hadj Tahar
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de recherche de l'institut gériatrique de l'université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Avi Karni
- Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging and Learning Research, The Brain-Behavior Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Habib Benali
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 678, INSERM/University, Paris VI, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de recherche de l'institut gériatrique de l'université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada; Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 678, INSERM/University, Paris VI, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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67
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Song S, Cohen LG. Practice and sleep form different aspects of skill. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3407. [PMID: 24647040 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance for skills such as a sequence of finger movements improves during sleep. This has widely been interpreted as evidence for a role of sleep in strengthening skill learning. Here we propose a different interpretation. We propose that practice and sleep form different aspects of skill. To show this, we train 80 subjects on a sequence of key-presses and test at different time points to determine the amount of skill stored in transition (that is, pressing '2' after '3' in '4-3-2-1') and ordinal (that is, pressing '2' in the third ordinal position in '4-3-2-1') forms. We find transition representations improve with practice and ordinal representations improve during sleep. Further, whether subjects can verbalize the trained sequence affects the formation of ordinal but not transition representations. Verbal knowledge itself does not increase over sleep. Thus, sleep encodes different representations of memory than practice, and may mediate conversion of memories between declarative and procedural forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunbin Song
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Leonardo G Cohen
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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68
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Roig M, Ritterband-Rosenbaum A, Lundbye-Jensen J, Nielsen JB. Aging increases the susceptibility to motor memory interference and reduces off-line gains in motor skill learning. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1892-900. [PMID: 24680325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Declines in the ability to learn motor skills in older adults are commonly attributed to deficits in the encoding of sensorimotor information during motor practice. We investigated whether aging also impairs motor memory consolidation by assessing the susceptibility to memory interference and off-line gains in motor skill learning after practice in children, young, and older adults. Subjects performed a ballistic task (A) followed by an accuracy-tracking task (B) designed to disrupt the consolidation of A. Retention tests of A were performed immediately and 24 hours after B. Older adults showed greater susceptibility to memory interference and no off-line gains in motor skill learning. Performing B produced memory interference and reduced off-line gains only in the older group. However, older adults also showed deficits in memory consolidation independent of the interfering effects of B. Age-related declines in motor skill learning are not produced exclusively by deficits in the encoding of sensorimotor information during practice. Aging also increases the susceptibility to memory interference and reduces off-line gains in motor skill learning after practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Roig
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Anina Ritterband-Rosenbaum
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lundbye-Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens Bo Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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69
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Sleep-spindle detection: crowdsourcing and evaluating performance of experts, non-experts and automated methods. Nat Methods 2014; 11:385-92. [PMID: 24562424 PMCID: PMC3972193 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep spindles are discrete, intermittent patterns of brain activity that arise as a result of interactions of several circuits in the brain. Increasingly, these oscillations are of biological and clinical interest because of their role in development, learning, and neurological disorders. We used an internet interface to ‘crowdsource’ spindle identification from human experts and non-experts, and compared performance with 6 automated detection algorithms in middle-to-older aged subjects from the general population. We also developed a method for forming group consensus, and refined methods of evaluating the performance of event detectors in physiological data such as polysomnography. Compared to the gold standard, the highest performance was by individual experts and the non-expert group consensus, followed by automated spindle detectors. Crowdsourcing the scoring of sleep data is an efficient method to collect large datasets, even for difficult tasks such as spindle identification. Further refinements to automated sleep spindle algorithms are needed for middle-to-older aged subjects.
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70
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Fogel SM, Albouy G, Vien C, Popovicci R, King BR, Hoge R, Jbabdi S, Benali H, Karni A, Maquet P, Carrier J, Doyon J. fMRI and sleep correlates of the age-related impairment in motor memory consolidation. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:3625-45. [PMID: 24302373 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral studies indicate that older adults exhibit normal motor sequence learning (MSL), but paradoxically, show impaired consolidation of the new memory trace. However, the neural and physiological mechanisms underlying this impairment are entirely unknown. Here, we sought to identify, through functional magnetic resonance imaging during MSL and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings during daytime sleep, the functional correlates and physiological characteristics of this age-related motor memory deficit. As predicted, older subjects did not exhibit sleep-dependent gains in performance (i.e., behavioral changes that reflect consolidation) and had reduced sleep spindles compared with young subjects. Brain imaging analyses also revealed that changes in activity across the retention interval in the putamen and related brain regions were associated with sleep spindles. This change in striatal activity was increased in young subjects, but reduced by comparison in older subjects. These findings suggest that the deficit in sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation in elderly individuals is related to a reduction in sleep spindle oscillations and to an associated decrease of activity in the cortico-striatal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Fogel
- The Brain & Mind Institute, Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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71
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Gruber R, Wise MS, Frenette S, Knäauper B, Boom A, Fontil L, Carrier J. The association between sleep spindles and IQ in healthy school-age children. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 89:229-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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72
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King BR, Fogel SM, Albouy G, Doyon J. Neural correlates of the age-related changes in motor sequence learning and motor adaptation in older adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:142. [PMID: 23616757 PMCID: PMC3628357 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world's population ages, a deeper understanding of the relationship between aging and motor learning will become increasingly relevant in basic research and applied settings. In this context, this review aims to address the effects of age on motor sequence learning (MSL) and motor adaptation (MA) with respect to behavioral, neurological, and neuroimaging findings. Previous behavioral research investigating the influence of aging on motor learning has consistently reported the following results. First, the initial acquisition of motor sequences is not altered, except under conditions of increased task complexity. Second, older adults demonstrate deficits in motor sequence memory consolidation. And, third, although older adults demonstrate deficits during the exposure phase of MA paradigms, the aftereffects following removal of the sensorimotor perturbation are similar to young adults, suggesting that the adaptive ability of older adults is relatively intact. This paper will review the potential neural underpinnings of these behavioral results, with a particular emphasis on the influence of age-related dysfunctions in the cortico-striatal system on motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley R King
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, University of Montreal Montreal, QC, Canada
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73
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Albouy G, Fogel S, Pottiez H, Nguyen VA, Ray L, Lungu O, Carrier J, Robertson E, Doyon J. Daytime sleep enhances consolidation of the spatial but not motoric representation of motor sequence memory. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52805. [PMID: 23300993 PMCID: PMC3534707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor sequence learning is known to rely on more than a single process. As the skill develops with practice, two different representations of the sequence are formed: a goal representation built under spatial allocentric coordinates and a movement representation mediated through egocentric motor coordinates. This study aimed to explore the influence of daytime sleep (nap) on consolidation of these two representations. Through the manipulation of an explicit finger sequence learning task and a transfer protocol, we show that both allocentric (spatial) and egocentric (motor) representations of the sequence can be isolated after initial training. Our results also demonstrate that nap favors the emergence of offline gains in performance for the allocentric, but not the egocentric representation, even after accounting for fatigue effects. Furthermore, sleep-dependent gains in performance observed for the allocentric representation are correlated with spindle density during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep of the post-training nap. In contrast, performance on the egocentric representation is only maintained, but not improved, regardless of the sleep/wake condition. These results suggest that motor sequence memory acquisition and consolidation involve distinct mechanisms that rely on sleep (and specifically, spindle) or simple passage of time, depending respectively on whether the sequence is performed under allocentric or egocentric coordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Albouy
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Canada
- Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stuart Fogel
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Canada
- Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hugo Pottiez
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Canada
| | - Vo An Nguyen
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura Ray
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Canada
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Canada
- Psychiatry Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Research, Donald Berman Maimonides Geriatric Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Canada
- Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre of Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edwin Robertson
- Harvard Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Neurology Department, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Julien Doyon
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, C.R.I.U.G.M., Montreal, Canada
- Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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74
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Fogel S, Martin N, Lafortune M, Barakat M, Debas K, Laventure S, Latreille V, Gagnon JF, Doyon J, Carrier J. NREM Sleep Oscillations and Brain Plasticity in Aging. Front Neurol 2012; 3:176. [PMID: 23248614 PMCID: PMC3522106 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human electroencephalogram (EEG) during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) is characterized mainly by high-amplitude (>75 μV), slow-frequency (<4 Hz) waves (slow waves), and sleep spindles (∼11-15 Hz; >0.25 s). These NREM oscillations play a crucial role in brain plasticity, and importantly, NREM sleep oscillations change considerably with aging. This review discusses the association between NREM sleep oscillations and cerebral plasticity as well as the functional impact of age-related changes on NREM sleep oscillations. We propose that age-related reduction in sleep-dependent memory consolidation may be due in part to changes in NREM sleep oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Fogel
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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