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Zhao W, Su W, Kuang P, Zhang L, Liu J, Yin Z, Wang X. The role of hepatic stellate cells in the regulation of T-cell function and the promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:457-64. [PMID: 22641338 PMCID: PMC3582803 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have immunosuppressive abilities and may be responsible for the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms through which HSCs affect T-cell-mediated immune responses remain unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate these mechanisms. We examined the effect of HSCs on T-cell proliferation and apoptosis, regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity using mixed leukocyte reactions (MLRs). Furthermore, we examined the cytokines present in the supernatant and the effect of this supernatant on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Finally, we examined the effect of HSCs on HCC cells in vivo. We found that activated HSCs induced T-cell hyporesponsiveness, accelerated activated T-cell apoptosis, increased the number of Treg cells and inhibited T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. HSCs also enhanced the expression of some cytokines and promoted the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Furthermore, activated HSCs were able to induce HCC proliferation and Treg cells expansion in vivo. Activated HSCs may induce T cell anergy, thereby facilitating the immunologic escape of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Gosemann JH, Kuebler JF, Pozzobon M, Neunaber C, Hensel JHK, Ghionzoli M, de Coppi P, Ure BM, Holze G. Activation of regulatory T cells during inflammatory response is not an exclusive property of stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35512. [PMID: 22539976 PMCID: PMC3335124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis and systemic-inflammatory-response-syndrome (SIRS) remain major causes for fatalities on intensive care units despite up-to-date therapy. It is well accepted that stem cells have immunomodulatory properties during inflammation and sepsis, including the activation of regulatory T cells and the attenuation of distant organ damage. Evidence from recent work suggests that these properties may not be exclusively attributed to stem cells. This study was designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory potency of cellular treatment during acute inflammation in a model of sublethal endotoxemia and to investigate the hypothesis that immunomodulations by cellular treatment during inflammatory response is not stem cell specific. Methodology/Principal Findings Endotoxemia was induced via intra-peritoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in wild type mice (C3H/HeN). Mice were treated with either vital or homogenized amniotic fluid stem cells (AFS) and sacrificed for specimen collection 24 h after LPS injection. Endpoints were plasma cytokine levels (BD™ Cytometric Bead Arrays), T cell subpopulations (flow-cytometry) and pulmonary neutrophil influx (immunohistochemistry). To define stem cell specific effects, treatment with either vital or homogenized human-embryonic-kidney-cells (HEK) was investigated in a second subset of experiments. Mice treated with homogenized AFS cells showed significantly increased percentages of regulatory T cells and Interleukin-2 as well as decreased amounts of pulmonary neutrophils compared to saline-treated controls. These results could be reproduced in mice treated with vital HEK cells. No further differences were observed between plasma cytokine levels of endotoxemic mice. Conclusions/Significance The results revealed that both AFS and HEK cells modulate cellular immune response and distant organ damage during sublethal endotoxemia. The observed effects support the hypothesis, that immunomodulations are not exclusive attributes of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Gosemann
- Center of Pediatric Surgery Hannover, Hannover Medical School and Bult Children's Hospital, Hannover, Germany.
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Xie L, Ichimaru N, Morita M, Chen J, Zhu P, Wang J, Urbanellis P, Shalev I, Nagao S, Sugioka A, Zhong L, Nonomura N, Takahara S, Levy GA, Li XK. Identification of a novel biomarker gene set with sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing between allograft rejection and tolerance. Liver Transpl 2012; 18:444-54. [PMID: 22162188 DOI: 10.1002/lt.22480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here we examined whether the expression of a novel immunoregulatory gene set could be used to predict outcomes in murine models of rapamycin-induced cardiac tolerance, spontaneous hepatic tolerance, and cardiac rejection. The expression of the immunoregulatory gene set was assessed with the GeXP multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis system, and it was correlated to the pathological and biochemical parameters of the allografts. In rejecting cardiac grafts, the increased expression of an inflammatory set of genes, which included CD45, CD4, CD25, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), selectin lymphocyte, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), programmed cell death 1 (Pdcd1), and granzyme B (Gzmb), was seen 8 days after transplantation along with histological evidence of severe allograft rejection. In tolerant cardiac allografts, the expression of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (Fgl2), Pdcd1, killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (Klrg1), CTLA4, and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 was associated with tolerance. In a model of liver allograft tolerance, the increased expression of lectin galactose-binding soluble 1, Fgl2, CD39, phosphodiesterase 3B, Klrg1, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), and transforming growth factor β as well as the inflammatory set of genes was observed 8 to 14 days after transplantation (ie, when there was severe inflammatory injury). At a later time when the liver allografts had been fully accepted and were histologically normal, the expression of the inflammatory set of genes returned to the baseline, but the expression of the tolerogenic set of genes was still increased. Genes that were expressed in tolerant cardiac and liver allografts included Fgl2, Klrg1, and Foxp3, whereas genes associated with rejection included CD25, Gzmb, and IFN-γ. Our data indicate that monitoring the graft expression of a novel biomarker gene set with the GeXP multiplex RT-PCR analysis system may allow differentiation between rejection and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Division of Radiation Safety and Immune Tolerance, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells protect islet transplants by B7-H1 mediated enhancement of T regulatory cells. Transplantation 2012; 93:272-82. [PMID: 22179405 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31823ffd39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Side effects of lifetime immunosuppression for cell transplants often outweigh the benefits; therefore, induction of transplant tolerance is needed. We have shown that cotransplantation with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) effectively protect islet allografts from rejection without requirement of immunosuppression. This study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS MDSC were generated by addition of hepatic stellate cells from various stain mice into dendritic cell (DC) culture. The quality of MDSC was monitored by phenotype and function analyses. MDSC mixed with islet allografts were transplanted into diabetic recipients. T-cell response was analyzed after transplantation by using flow and histochemical analyses, and was compared with islet alone and islet/DC transplant groups. B7-H1 knockout mice were used to determine the role of B7-H1 on MDSC in regulation of T-cell response. RESULTS Cotransplantation with MDSC (not DC) effectively protected islet allografts without requirement of immunosuppression. This is associated with attenuation of CD8 T cells in the grafts and marked expansion of regulatory T (Treg) cells, which contributed to MDSC-induced T-cell hyporesponsiveness. Antigen-specific Treg cells were prone to accumulate in lymphoid organs close to the grafts. Both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that B7-H1 was absolutely required for MDSC to exert immune regulatory activity and induction of Treg cells. CONCLUSION The described approach holds great clinical application potential and may overcome the limitation of requiring chronic administration of immunosuppression in cell transplants. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will facilitate the development of this novel therapeutic strategy.
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Bhatt S, Fung JJ, Lu L, Qian S. Tolerance-inducing strategies in islet transplantation. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:396524. [PMID: 22675353 PMCID: PMC3366204 DOI: 10.1155/2012/396524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic islet transplantation is a promising approach for restoring normoglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients. Current use of immunosuppressive therapies for management of islet transplant recipients can be counterintuitive to islet function and can lead to complications in the long term. The induction of donor-specific tolerance eliminates the dependency on immunosuppression and allows recipients to retain responses to foreign antigens. The mechanisms by which tolerance is achieved involve the deletion of donor-reactive T cells, induction of T-cell anergy, immune deviation, and generation of regulatory T cells. This review will outline the various methods used for inducing donor-specific tolerance in islet transplantation and will highlight the previously unforeseen potential of tissue stromal cells in promoting islet engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumantha Bhatt
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - John J. Fung
- Department of General Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lina Lu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shiguang Qian
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- *Shiguang Qian:
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Soleymaninejadian E, Pramanik K, Samadian E. Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Cytokines and Factors. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 67:1-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Schildberg FA, Wojtalla A, Siegmund SV, Endl E, Diehl L, Abdullah Z, Kurts C, Knolle PA. Murine hepatic stellate cells veto CD8 T cell activation by a CD54-dependent mechanism. Hepatology 2011; 54:262-72. [PMID: 21488077 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The liver has a role in T cell tolerance induction, which is mainly achieved through the functions of tolerogenic hepatic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and regulatory T cells. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known to have various immune functions, which range from immunogenic antigen presentation to the induction of T cell apoptosis. Here we report a novel role for stellate cells in vetoing the priming of naive CD8 T cells. Murine and human HSCs and stromal cells (but not hepatocytes) prevented the activation of naive T cells by dendritic cells, artificial APCs, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin by a cell contact-dependent mechanism. The veto function for inhibiting T cell activation was directly correlated with the activation state of HSCs and was most pronounced in HSCs from fibrotic livers. Mechanistically, high expression levels of CD54 simultaneously restricted the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor and IL-2 in T cells, and this was responsible for the inhibitory effect because exogenous IL-2 overcame the HSC veto function. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a novel function of HSCs in the local skewing of immune responses in the liver through the prevention of local stimulation of naive T cells. These results not only indicate a beneficial role in hepatic fibrosis, for which increased CD54 expression on HSCs could attenuate further T cell activation, but also identify IL-2 as a key cytokine in mediating local T cell immunity to overcome hepatic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Schildberg
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Chou HS, Hsieh CC, Yang HR, Wang L, Arakawa Y, Brown K, Wu Q, Lin F, Peters M, Fung JJ, Lu L, Qian S. Hepatic stellate cells regulate immune response by way of induction of myeloid suppressor cells in mice. Hepatology 2011; 53:1007-19. [PMID: 21374665 PMCID: PMC3079329 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although organ transplants have been applied for decades, outcomes of somatic cell transplants remain disappointing, presumably due to lack of appropriate supporting stromal cells. Thus, cotransplantation with liver stromal cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSC), achieves long-term survival of islet allografts in mice by way of induction of effector T cell apoptosis and generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. In this study we provide evidence both in vitro and in vivo that HSC can promote generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). HSC-induced MDSC demonstrate potent immune inhibitory activity. Induction of MDSC is dependent on an intact interferon gamma signaling pathway in HSC and is mediated by soluble factors, suggesting that the specific tissue stromal cells, such as HSC, play a crucial role in regulating immune response by way of inflammation-induced generation of MDSC. Large amounts of MDSC can be propagated in vitro from bone marrow-derived myeloid precursor cells under the influence of HSC. CONCLUSION Cotransplantation with in vitro generated MDSC can effectively protect islet allografts from host immune attack. Local delivery of potent immune suppressor cells for cell transplants holds great clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shiue Chou
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Horng-Ren Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lianfu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yusuke Arakawa
- Department of General Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kathleen Brown
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland OH
| | - Marion Peters
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, CA
| | - John J. Fung
- Department of General Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lina Lu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, Department of General Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Shiguang Qian
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, Department of General Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Abstract
The mesenchymal elements of the intestinal lamina propria reviewed here are the myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, mural cells (pericytes) of the vasculature, bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells, smooth muscle of the muscularis mucosae, and smooth muscle surrounding the lymphatic lacteals. These cells share similar marker molecules, origins, and coordinated biological functions previously ascribed solely to subepithelial myofibroblasts. We review the functional anatomy of intestinal mesenchymal cells and describe what is known about their origin in the embryo and their replacement in adults. As part of their putative role in intestinal mucosal morphogenesis, we consider the intestinal stem cell niche. Lastly, we review emerging information about myofibroblasts as nonprofessional immune cells that may be important as an alarm system for the gut and as a participant in peripheral immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.W. Powell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0764
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0764
| | - I.V. Pinchuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0764
| | - J.I. Saada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0764
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - R.C. Mifflin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0764
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Abstract
The demands that are imposed on the liver as a result of its function as a metabolic organ that extracts nutrients and clears gut-derived microbial products from the blood are met by a unique microanatomical and immunological environment. The inherent tolerogenicity of the liver and its role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity are mediated by parenchymal and non-parenchymal antigen-presenting cells (APCs), cell-autonomous molecular pathways and locally produced factors. Here, we review the central role of liver APCs in the regulation of hepatic immune function and also consider how recent insights may be applied in strategies to target liver tolerance for disease therapy.
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Jiang XF, Zhu L, Cui ZM, Guo DW, Sun WY, Lin L, Tang YF, Wang XF, Liang J. Transplant long-surviving induced by CD40-CD40 ligand costimulation blockade is dependent on IFN-γ through its effect on CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. Transpl Immunol 2010; 24:113-8. [PMID: 20955795 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IFN-γ was documented to be commonly associated with acute rejection. In the present study, we investigated the role of IFN-γ in the transplant long-surviving induced by blocking CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40-CD40L) costimulation and its mechanisms. METHODS IFN-γ expression in cardiac allografts and spleens from syngeneic and allogeneic recipients with or without anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody (MR-1) treatment was examined by real-time RT-PCR. The grafts survival time in Wild type (IFN-γ(+/+)) and IFN-γ deficient (IFN-γ(-/-)) recipients was investigated. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) of CD4(+) T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay of CD8(+) T cells were also studied. FoxP3 expression in allografts and spleens from IFN-γ(+/+) or IFN-γ(-/-) recipients with MR-1 treatment was examined. Furthermore, FoxP3, IL-10 and CTLA-4 expressions and the suppressive capability of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells were examined. RESULTS Rejected allografts showed significantly higher IFN-γ expression than long-surviving allografts. Allograft survival was not prolonged in nonimmunosuppressed IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Administration of MR-1 induced long-term survival in 90.1% of IFN-γ(+/+) recipients (98±6.6 days) but failed to do so in IFN-γ(-/-) group (16.2±4.0 days). IFN-γ(-/-) recipients facilitated the proliferation and CTL generation of T cells. The allografts and spleens from IFN-γ(+/+) recipients contained higher FoxP3 expression than IFN-γ(-/-) recipients. Moreover, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from IFN-γ(+/+) recipients displayed a higher FoxP3 and IL-10 expression and suppressive capability. CONCLUSION IFN-γ plays an important role in the long-surviving induced by blocking CD40-CD40L through inhibiting the function of activated T cells and increasing suppressive capability of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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Aoyama T, Inokuchi S, Brenner DA, Seki E. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Hepatology 2010; 52:1390-400. [PMID: 20683935 PMCID: PMC2947579 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic liver disease is associated with hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Chemokines and chemokine receptors are key factors for the migration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and noninflammatory cells such as hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The expression of CX3CR1 and its ligand, CX3CL1, is up-regulated in chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis C. However, the precise role of CX3CR1 in the liver is still unclear. Here we investigated the role of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis model. CX3CR1 was dominantly expressed in Kupffer cells in the liver. In contrast, the main source of CX3CL1 was HSCs. Mice deficient in CX3CR1 showed significant increases in inflammatory cell recruitment and cytokine production [including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α); monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; macrophage inflammatory protein 1β; and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES)] after CCl(4) treatment versus wild-type (WT) mice. This suggested that CX3CR1 signaling prevented liver inflammation. Kupffer cells in CX3CR1-deficient mice after CCl(4) treatment showed increased expression of TNF-α and transforming growth factor β and reduced expression of the anti-inflammatory markers interleukin-10 (IL-10) and arginase-1. Coculture experiments showed that HSCs experienced significantly greater activation by Kupffer cells from CCl(4)-treated CX3CR1-deficient mice versus WT mice. Indeed, augmented fibrosis was observed in CX3CR1-deficient mice versus WT mice after CCl(4) treatment. Finally, CX3CL1 treatment induced the expression of IL-10 and arginase-1 in WT cultured Kupffer cells through CX3CR1, which in turn suppressed HSC activation. CONCLUSION The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction inhibits inflammatory properties in Kupffer cells/macrophages and results in decreased liver inflammation and fibrosis.
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Bomble M, Tacke F, Rink L, Kovalenko E, Weiskirchen R. Analysis of antigen-presenting functionality of cultured rat hepatic stellate cells and transdifferentiated myofibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:342-7. [PMID: 20403338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that hepatic stellate cells (HSC) isolated from Lewis rats have in vitro antigen-presentation cell (APC) functionality and are able to process and present exogenous antigens. We show activation of a major histocompatibility complex II (RT1BI)-restricted T-cell hybridoma specific for guinea pig myelin basic protein (gpMBP) after coculture with HSC. During transdifferentiation of HSC into myofibroblasts (MFB) the APC function was markedly decreased but restorable by addition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Based on our findings we conclude that HSC play a key role in hepatic immune function and that IFN-gamma treatment might mediate its beneficial therapeutic effects via activation of APC function in MFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bomble
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, RWTH-University Hospital, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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