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Likholobov V, P'yanova L, Danilenko A, Godovikova T, Sedanova A. Protein-functionalized fluorocarbon hemosorbent for binding to hepatitis B surface antigen. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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52
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Wang YH, Liao J, Zhang DM, Wu DB, Tao YC, Wang ML, Chen EQ, Tang H. Tenofovir monotherapy versus tenofovir plus entecavir combination therapy in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis patients with partial virological response to entecavir. J Med Virol 2019; 92:302-308. [PMID: 31609007 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy and TDF + entecavir (ETV) combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with the partial virological response (PVR) to ETV. METHODS CHB patients with PVR to ETV were switched to TDF monotherapy or TDF + ETV combination therapy. The primary efficacy outcome was a virological response (VR), and the secondary efficacy outcomes were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization. The primary safety outcomes were changes in serum creatinine and serum phosphorus levels. RESULTS A total of 143 patients were investigated, including 63 patients in the TDF monotherapy group and 80 patients in the TDF + ETV combination therapy group. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were comparable between groups. The median age of patients was 44.5 years, and 76.2% of them were male. The VR rate in TDF + ETV group was higher than that of the TDF group at 48 weeks (88.8% vs 71.4%; P = .009). At 48 weeks, the HBeAg seroconversion rate of TDF + ETV group was higher than that of the TDF group (30% vs 15.9%; P = .049). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with elevated ALT in the TDF group and TDF + ETV group at 48 weeks (9.5% vs 7.5%; P = .665). After adjusting the treatment regimen, serum creatinine levels increased slightly and serum phosphorus level decreased slightly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS TDF + ETV combination therapy for 48 weeks had a higher VR rate than TDF monotherapy in CHB patients with PVR to ETV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong-Bo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Chao Tao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng-Lan Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Song JE, Lee CH, Kim BS. Efficacy of long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with partial virologic response in real practice. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:802-810. [PMID: 30959583 PMCID: PMC6610193 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The optimal management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with partial virologic response (PVR) to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of prolonged TDF therapy in treatment-naïve CHB patients with PVR to TDF therapy in real practice. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the efficacy of prolonged TDF therapy in treatment-naïve CHB patients with PVR to TDF. PVR was defined as a decrease in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA over 2 log10 IU/mL from baseline, with detectable HBV DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction at week 48. RESULTS We included 232 patients who underwent TDF therapy for over 48 weeks. Forty-two patients (18.1%) showed PVR. In multivariate analysis, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity, and high levels of serum HBV DNA at baseline and week 12 were independent predictive factors for PVR during TDF therapy. Out of 42 patients with PVR, 39 (92.9%) achieved virologic response (VR) during continuous TDF treatment; the cumulative VR rates at 24, 36, and 48 months were 79.8%, 88.2%, and 95.6%, respectively. With an additional 12 months of therapy, VR was achieved in 28/31 (90.3%) patients with HBV DNA < 100 IU/mL, compared to 5/11 (45.5%) patients with HBV DNA ≥ 100 IU/mL, at week 48. CONCLUSION The vast majority of patients achieved VR through prolonged TDF therapy, thus TDF treatment can be maintained in nucleos(t)ide-naïve patients with PVR at week 48, especially in those with low viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Hyeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Correspondence to Byung Seok Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 33 Duryugongwon-ro 17- gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea Tel: +82-53-650-4090 Fax: +82-53-656-3281 E-mail:
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KASL clinical practice guidelines for management of chronic hepatitis B. Clin Mol Hepatol 2019; 25:93-159. [PMID: 31185710 PMCID: PMC6589848 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2019.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Guo C, Guo G, Zhou X, Chen Y, Han Z, Yang C, Zhao S, Su H, Lian Z, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME, Zhou X, Han Y. Long-term Outcomes of Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:1175-1182.e2. [PMID: 30613001 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) mobilized with colony-stimulating factor can promote liver regeneration and increase liver function in patients with liver diseases. However, the long-term effects of stem cell treatments on survival and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis have not been determined. We investigated the long-term effects of autologous stem cell transplantation and risk of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 2 cohorts of patients with decompensated cirrhosis who received transplantations of autologous PBSCs (n = 282) or standard medical treatment (SMT, n = 286) in China from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2016. Patients were followed up until death or liver transplantation. Mortality data were obtained by case records and confirmed by telephone calls. Survival time was calculated and HCC was confirmed by computed tomography or ultrasound. We used propensity score matching to adjust the differences between the 2 groups. Survival and incidence of HCC were analyzed and Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine the prognostic factors. RESULTS After propensity score matching, time of survival was significantly higher in the PBSC group than the SMT group (P = .001). The adjusted rate of 5-year survival was 71.2% in the PBSC group and 52.1% in the SMT group. The overall incidence of HCC did not differ significantly between the PBSC and SMT groups (21.1% vs 20.4%; P = .999). Significant improvement of liver functions was observed at 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years after PBSC transplantation compared with the SMT group. CONCLUSIONS In a long-term analysis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis, autologous transplants of PBSCs significantly improved long-term survival compared with a control group. PBSC transplant did not appear to increase the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanya Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheyi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimin Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhexiong Lian
- Institute of Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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Ge Z, Tian T, Meng L, Song C, Yu C, Xu X, Liu J, Dai J, Hu Z. HBV mutations in EnhII/BCP/PC region contribute to the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3086-3093. [PMID: 31033235 PMCID: PMC6558498 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accompanied by HBV infection, HBV mutations gradually occur because HBV polymerase appears proofread deficiencies. In our previous study, we have identified that EnhII/BCP/PC mutations and genotype C of HBV DNA were associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. In this study, we extend our research to explore HCC prognosis associated genotype and mutations in EnhII/BCP/PC regions. Methods We designed a case‐cohort study of 331 HCC patients to evaluate the effects of the HBV genotypes and mutations on HCC survival. Log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analyses. Results Results showed that genotype C, which was more frequent in HBV‐related HCC (77.4%), presented a negative signal with HCC survival. Interestingly, we detected a significant association between EnhII/BCP/PC mutation nt1753 and HCC prognosis (Log‐rank P = 0.034). Subgroup analysis revealed that this risk effect was more pronounced in non‐B genotype (P = 0.090 for heterogeneity test). We also detected a borderline multiplicative interaction between genotypes of nt1753 and HBV genotype on HCC survival (P for interaction = 0.069). Conclusions These findings indicated that, in Chinese population, nt1753 in EnhII/BCP/PC region might be a novel marker for HCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Meng
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ci Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome detection and genotyping in virally suppressed patients using nested polymerase chain reaction-based Sanger sequencing. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 93:318-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tarao K, Nozaki A, Ikeda T, Sato A, Komatsu H, Komatsu T, Taguri M, Tanaka K. Real impact of liver cirrhosis on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in various liver diseases-meta-analytic assessment. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1054-1065. [PMID: 30791221 PMCID: PMC6434205 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that the incidence of developing hepatocelluler carcinoma (HCC) is increased in liver cirrhosis of different etiologies. However, comparison of HCC incidence in various liver diseases has not yet been estimated. We surveyed this comparison. Methods The PubMed database was examined (1989‐2017) for studies published in English language regarding the prospective follow‐up results for the development of HCC in various liver diseases. A meta‐analysis was performed for each liver disease. Results The annual incidence (%) of HCC in the non‐cirrhotic stage and cirrhotic stage, and the ratio of HCC incidence in the cirrhotic stage/non‐cirrhotic stage were as follows. (a) hepatitis B virus liver disease: 0.37%→3.23% (8.73‐fold), (b) hepatitis C virus liver diseases: 0.68%→4.81% (7.07‐fold), (c) primary biliary cholangitis (0.26%→1.79%, 6.88‐fold), (d) autoimmune hepatitis (0.19%→0.53%, 2.79‐fold), and (e) NASH (0.03%→1.35%, 45.00‐fold). Regarding primary hemochromatosis and alcoholic liver diseases, only follow‐up studies in the cirrhotic stage were presented, 1.20% and 2.06%, respectively. Conclusions When the liver diseases advance to cirrhosis, the incidence of HCC is markedly increased. The development of HCC must be closely monitored by ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography, irrespective of the different kinds of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tarao
- Tarao's Gastroenterological Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akito Nozaki
- Gastroenterological Center, Medical Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ikeda
- Gastroenterology Department, Yokosuka General Hospital Uwamachi, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Komatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Komatsu
- Department Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Lee HM, Ahn J, Kim WR, Lim JK, Nguyen M, Pan CQ, Kim D, Mannalithara A, Te H, Trinh H, Chu D, Tran T, Woog J, Lok AS. A Comparison Between Community and Academic Practices in the USA in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Receiving Entecavir: Results of the ENUMERATE Study. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:358-366. [PMID: 30238203 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The management of chronic hepatitis B patients is not well characterized in real-world practice. We compared baseline characteristics of CHB patients on entecavir, the frequency of on-treatment monitoring, and the effectiveness of ETV treatment between academic and community practices. METHODS Treatment-naïve CHB patients ≥18 years old, treated with ETV for ≥12 months from 2005 to 2013, in 26 community and academic practices throughout the USA were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS Of 841 patients enrolled, 658 (65% male, 83% Asian, median age 47, 9% with cirrhosis) met inclusion criteria. Half of the patients (52%) were from community practices. A lower percentage of patients in community practices had cirrhosis or liver cancer (5 vs. 14%). Community practices more often treated patients with baseline ALT < 2 × ULN. Over a median follow-up of 4 years, community practices were more likely to discontinue ETV with less frequent laboratory monitoring compared to academic practices. The 5-year cumulative probability of ALT normalization was greater among patients treated in community practices (70 vs. 50%, p < 0.001), but the 5-year cumulative probability of undetectable HBV DNA was lower (45 vs. 70%, p < 0.001) than those treated in academic practices. CONCLUSION Academic practices saw CHB patients with more advanced liver disease, more often followed AASLD guidelines, and monitored patients on ETV treatment more frequently than community practices. While patients in community practices were less likely to achieve undetectable HBV DNA and more likely to achieve ALT normalization, the rates of HBeAg loss and seroconversion as well as HBsAg loss were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1200 E. Broad St., 14th Floor, P.O. Box 980341, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Joseph Ahn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - W Ray Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Mindie Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Q Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NYU Langone Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Donghee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ajitha Mannalithara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helen Te
- Digestive Disease Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huy Trinh
- San Jose Gastroenterology, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Danny Chu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tram Tran
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna S Lok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Yang Z, Li J, Feng G, Wang Y, Yang G, Liu Y, Zhang S, Feng J, Zhang X. Hepatitis B virus X protein enhances hepatocarcinogenesis by depressing the targeting of NUSAP1 mRNA by miR- 18b. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16:276-287. [PMID: 31516748 PMCID: PMC6713641 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism whereby HBx modulates the targeting of NUSAP1 by miR-18b to enhance hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods We employed an integrated approach of bioinformatics analysis and molecular experiments in hepatoma cells, HBV transgenic mice, and clinical liver cancer tissues to investigate the role of HBx-regulated miR-18b in the development of liver cancer. Results In this study, we report that the HBx-mediated tumor suppressor miR-18b modulates hepatocarcinogenesis during the host-HBV interaction. The expression levels of miR-18b were lower in clinical HBV-positive liver cancer tissues and liver tissues of HBV-transgenic mice. Interestingly, HBx inhibited miR-18b expression by inducing the methylation of CpG islands in its promoter. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that HBx enhanced hepatocarcinogenesis by increasing the expression of target genes of miR-18b. Moreover, we identified nucleolar spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) as one of the target genes of miR-18b. NUSAP1 was expressed at high levels in liver cancer tissues. Interestingly, HBx up-regulated NUSAP1 by suppressing miR-18b. Functionally, miR-18b significantly inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells by depressing NUSAP1 levels in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Thus, we conclude that the targeting of NUSAP1 mRNA by the tumor suppressor miR-18b is controlled by HBx-modulated promoter methylation during the host-virus interaction, leading to hepatocarcinogenesis. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which HBx-mediated miRNAs modulate hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guoxing Feng
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinyan Feng
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Kim BG, Park NH, Lee SB, Jeon S, Park JH, Jung SW, Jeong ID, Bang SJ, Shin JW. The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma within and beyond the first 5 years of entecavir in Korean patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int 2018; 38:2269-2276. [PMID: 30052303 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has decreased due to potent antiviral agents. However, it remains uncertain whether the risk of HCC will diminish after long-term antiviral therapy in Asia, where CHB is endemic and vertical transmission is common. This study aimed to compare the incidence of HCC within and beyond the first 5 years of entecavir (ETV) in treatment-naïve Korean patients with CHB. METHODS We performed a retrospective observational analysis of data from 894 consecutive, adult patients with CHB undergoing ETV treatment at a tertiary referral hospital in Ulsan, Korea from January 1, 2007 through April 31, 2017. We compared the HCC incidence rates per 100 person-years within and beyond the first 5 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses for factors predictive of HCC were performed. RESULTS The incidence rate of HCC in patients with CHB did not differ statistically when we compared within and beyond the first 5 years of ETV therapy (2.29% vs 1.66% per person-year, P = 0.217). Failure to achieve maintained virological response (MVR) was a major independent risk factor for HCC in patients at a follow-up of <5 years. In contrast, in patients with a follow-up of ≥5 years, achieving MVR was not significantly associated with HCC development. CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of HCC may not change significantly before and after 5 years of ETV therapy in Korean CHB patients. The risk of HCC in Asian CHB patients may remain in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Gyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Neung Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeon
- Statistical Consulting Laboratory, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Seok Won Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - In Du Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Effects of Virologic Response to Treatment on Short- and Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Decompensated Cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16:1954-1963.e3. [PMID: 29753085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about the effects of antiviral therapy on short- and long-term survival of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related decompensated cirrhosis. We aimed to determine whether a maintained virologic response (MVR, defined as persistent undetectable HBV DNA during therapy) associates with short-term (6 mo) and long-term (6-120 mo) survival of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS We performed a 10-year observation analysis using data from the Epidemiology and Natural History of Liver Cirrhosis study of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in Korea. Of the entire cohort (1595 patients enrolled at onset of decompensation since 2005), our analysis comprised 295 patients who immediately began treatment with entecavir (n = 179) or lamivudine (n = 116) after decompensation. We collected laboratory test results, data on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, and Child-Turcotte-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores. The mean follow-up time was 62.3 ± 36.5 months. The primary end point was time of liver transplant-free survival. RESULTS The median survival time was 7.7 years; 60.1% of patients survived for 5 years and 45.7% survived for 10 years without liver transplantation. An MVR was observed in 116 patients (39.3%); these patients had significantly longer times of transplant-free survival than patients without MVR. Survival times associated with the occurrence of HCC; survival of patients without HCC was excellent if they survived the first 6 months after initiation of antiviral therapy, whereas the survival rates of patients with HCC decreased persistently over time. A baseline MELD score above 20 and multiple complications were associated with short-term mortality. MVR was the factor most strongly associated with long-term transplant-free survival. Significantly higher proportions of patients who received entecavir survived 10 years compared with patients who received lamivudine, but no difference was observed among patients with MVRs. Patients with MVRs had significant improvement in hepatic function over time, but nonsignificant reductions in risk of HCC or HCC-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS In a 10-year observation study of patients in Korea with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis, we found baseline MELD score and MVR to entecavir or lamivudine to associate with short- and long-term transplant-free survival. The benefits of an MVR are maintained for up to 10 years even after decompensation, but patients are still at risk for HCC.
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Yim HJ, Kim IH, Suh SJ, Jung YK, Kim JH, Seo YS, Yeon JE, Kim CW, Kwon SY, Park SH, Lee MS, Um SH, Byun KS. Switching to tenofovir vs continuing entecavir for hepatitis B virus with partial virologic response to entecavir: a randomized controlled trial. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:1321-1330. [PMID: 29772084 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Entecavir 0.5 mg (ETV) is widely used among treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. However, 10%-30% of patients show partial virologic response (PVR) to the drug. If the hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to replicate, the underlying liver disease may progress. Herein, we compared the efficacy of switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with that of continuing ETV in CHB patients with PVR to ETV. This was an open-label randomized controlled trial including CHB patients who had been receiving 0.5 mg of ETV for >12 months, but who still had detectable HBV DNA levels of >60 IU/mL without known resistance to ETV. Sixty patients were enrolled and 45 qualified for the study: Twenty-two patients were randomly assigned into the TDF group and 23 into the ETV group. After 12 months of treatment, the virologic response rate (HBV DNA <20 IU/mL) was significantly higher in the TDF group than in the ETV group, as measured using per-protocol analysis (55% vs 20%; P = .022) and intention-to-treat analysis (50% vs 17.4%; P = .020). The reduction in HBV DNA was greater (-1.13 vs -0.67 log10 IU/mL; P = .024), and the mean HBV DNA level was lower (1.54 vs 2.01 log10 IU/mL; P = .011) in the TDF group than in the ETV group. In conclusion, to achieve optimal response in CHB patients with PVR to ETV, switching to TDF would be a better strategy than continuing ETV. Appropriate modification of therapy would further improve the outcome of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - S J Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Y K Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y S Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J E Yeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S H Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K S Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Effects of antiviral treatment on the risk of hepatocellular cancer in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 30:1277-1282. [PMID: 30179906 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major complication of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Accumulating data suggest that antiviral treatment in both CHB and CHC reduces the incidence of HCC. Evidence is more consistent for interferon-based treatment in both CHB and CHC and for lamivudine in patients with CHB. However, more limited data suggest that other nucleos(t)ide analogues might also reduce the risk of HCC. In contrast, conflicting data have been reported on the effects of direct-acting antivirals on the incidence of HCC.
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Liu LZ, Sun J, Hou J, Chan HLY. Improvements in the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:1153-1166. [PMID: 30269597 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1530986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primary goals of managing chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are prevention of liver-related complications and reduction of mortality. Universal vaccination has dramatically reduced the incidence of new infection, but the management of existing CHB patients are still challenging. Areas covered: This review compares the similarities and differences among the latest published regional guidelines on the indications and choices of antiviral therapy. We have summarized advances in virological biomarkers and non-invasive tests for liver fibrosis in disease assessment. Benefits and remaining challenges of current standard of care by peginterferon and nucleos(t)ide analogs (NA) have been presented. Data on combination therapy of peginterferon and NA in seeking functional cure of the disease is also critically discussed. We have also described the improvement in the management of CHB at pregnancy and prophylaxis in patients on chemotherapy and immunosuppressants. Expert commentary: Controversies exist in the assessment of disease activity for selection patients for treatment as well as on the use of tenofovir alafenamide as a safe and cost-effective alternative to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Though combination therapy of peginterferon and NA has induced HBsAg seroclearance in a small proportion of patients, peginterferon is not preferred in the future trend of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Zhihong Liu
- a Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian Sun
- a Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- a Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Henry Lik Yuen Chan
- b Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Institute of Digestive Disease , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
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Meng C, Shen X, Jiang W. Potential biomarkers of HCC based on gene expression and DNA methylation profiles. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3183-3192. [PMID: 30127913 PMCID: PMC6096098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify potential biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Three gene expression profiles of GSE95698, GSE49515 and GSE76427 and a DNA methylation profile of GSE73003 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, each comprising data regarding HCC and control tissue samples. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the HCC group and the control group were identified using the limma software package. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the overlapping DEGs. The PPI network of the overlapping DEGs was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins. A total of 41 DEGs were identified in HCC the group compared with control group. The overlapping DEGs were enriched in 11 GO terms and 3 KEGG pathways. A total of 6,349 DMSs were identified, and 6 of the differentially expressed genes were also differentially methylated [Denticleless protein homolog (DTL), Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), Eomesodermin, Endothelial cell specific molecule 1, Nuclear factor κ-light-chain gene enhancer of activated B cells inhibitor, α (NFKBIA) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2)]. The present study suggested that DTL, DUSP1, NFKBIA and SOCS2 may be potential biomarkers of HCC, and the tumor protein 'p53 signaling', 'forkhead box O1' signaling and 'metabolic' pathways may serve roles in the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Shen
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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Hsu YC, Yip TCF, Ho HJ, Wong VWS, Huang YT, El-Serag HB, Lee TY, Wu MS, Lin JT, Wong GLH, Wu CY. Development of a scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in Asians on antivirals for chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2018; 69:278-285. [PMID: 29551708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is inadequately predicted by the scores built from untreated patients. We aimed at developing and validating a risk score to predict HCC in patients with CHB on entecavir or tenofovir treatment. METHODS This study analysed population-wide data from the healthcare databases in Taiwan and Hong Kong to identify patients with CHB continuously receiving entecavir or tenofovir. The development cohort included 23,851 patients from Taiwan; 596 (2.50%) of them developed HCC with a three-year cumulative incidence of 3.56% (95% CI 3.26-3.86%). The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model found that cirrhosis, age (cirrhosis and age interacted with each other), male sex, and diabetes mellitus were the risk determinants. These variables were weighted to develop the cirrhosis, age, male sex, and diabetes mellitus (CAMD) score ranging from 0 to 19 points. The score was externally validated in 19,321 patients from Hong Kong. RESULTS The c indices for HCC in the development cohort were 0.83 (95% CI 0.81-0.84), 0.82 (95% CI 0.81-0.84), and 0.82 (95% CI 0.80-0.83) at the first, second, and third years of therapy, respectively. In the validation cohort, the c indices were 0.74 (95% CI 0.71-0.77), 0.75 (95% CI 0.73-0.78), and 0.75 (95% CI 0.72-0.77) during the first three years, and 0.76 (95% CI 0.74-0.78) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.74-0.77) in the extrapolated fourth and fifth years, respectively. The predicted and observed probabilities of HCC were calibrated in both cohorts. A score <8 and >13 points identified patients at distinctly low and high risks. CONCLUSIONS The easily calculable CAMD score can predict HCC and may inform surveillance policy in patients with CHB during oral antiviral therapy. LAY SUMMARY This study analyses population-wide data from the healthcare systems in Taiwan and Hong Kong to develop and validate a risk score that predicts hepatocellular carcinoma during oral antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. The easily calculable CAMD score requires only simple information (i.e. cirrhosis, age, male sex, and diabetes mellitus) at the baseline of treatment initiation. With a scoring range from 0 to 19 points, the CAMD score discriminates the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with a concordance rate of around 75-80% during the first three years on therapy. The risk prediction can be extrapolated to five years on treatment with similar accuracy. Patients with a score <8 and >13 points were exposed to distinctly lower and higher risks, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chun Hsu
- Big Data Research Center, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hsiu J Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Teng-Yu Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Town Lin
- Big Data Research Center, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Grace Lai-Hung Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Cho H, Ahn H, Lee DH, Lee JH, Jung YJ, Chang Y, Nam JY, Cho YY, Lee DH, Cho EJ, Yu SJ, Lee JM, Kim YJ, Yoon JH. Entecavir and tenofovir reduce hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence more effectively than other antivirals. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:707-717. [PMID: 29316069 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) have been shown to decrease the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence. This study evaluated whether high-potency NAs (entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF]) reduce the risk of tumour recurrence more potently than low-potency NAs after curative treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. This study included 607 consecutive HBV-related HCC patients treated with surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation. The patients were categorized into three groups according to antiviral treatment: group A (no antiviral; n = 261), group B (low-potency NA; n = 90) and group C (high-potency NA; n = 256). The primary end-point was recurrence-free survival (RFS). During the duration of follow-up, the median RFS was 29.4, 25.1, and 88.2 months in groups A, B and C, respectively (P < .001, log-rank test). The multivariate Cox analysis indicated that group C had a significantly longer RFS than both group A (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39, P < .001) and group B (adjusted HR = 0.47, P < .001). When baseline characteristics were balanced using inverse probability weighting, group C still had a significantly longer RFS than group A (adjusted HR = 0.46, P < .001) and group B (adjusted HR = 0.59, P = .007). Group C had significantly lower risk of viral breakthrough than group B (HR = 0.19, P < .001). Viral breakthrough was an independent risk factor for shorter RFS among groups B and C (adjusted HR = 2.03, P = .007, time-dependent Cox analysis). Antiviral agents with high genetic barrier to resistance (entecavir and TDF) reduced the risk of HCC recurrence compared with other antivirals and no antiviral treatment, especially in patients with high baseline viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y J Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Y Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E J Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J M Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mak D, Babb de Villiers C, Chasela C, Urban MI, Kramvis A. Analysis of risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in black South Africans: 2000-2012. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196057. [PMID: 29718992 PMCID: PMC5931658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in black adult South Africans and to estimate the size of the associated risks. METHODS A case-control analysis of 150 black South African patients (aged 18-75 years) with HCC-who were a subset of patients recruited for the Johannesburg Cancer Case Control Study 2000 to 2012-was undertaken. The association between this tumour and hepatitis B/C virus infections, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mono- and co-infections was investigated. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, year of diagnosis, marital status, place of birth and selected modifiable risk factors were calculated. RESULTS HCC was significantly associated with a rural birthplace (p<0.05), being male and living in an urban area for 14 years or less. The Odds Ratio (OR) for HCC increased significantly with HBV DNA+/HBsAg+ (OR 34.5; CI:16.26-73.13), HBV DNA+/HBsAg- (OR 3.76; CI:1.79-7.92), HBV DNA level >2000 IU/ml (OR 8.55; CI:3.00-24.54) to ≥200,000 (OR 16.93; CI:8.65-33.13), anti-HCV (OR 8.98; CI:3.59-22.46), HBV DNA+/HIV+ co-infection (OR 5.36; CI:2.59-11.11), but not with HBV DNA-/HIV+ (OR 0.34; CI:0.14-0.85). We did not find a synergistic interaction between HBV and HIV. Modifiable risk factors (alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, number of sexual partners, diabetes and hormonal contraceptive use) were nonsignificant. DISCUSSION A considerable portion of the HCC burden in Johannesburg and surrounding provinces falls on rural migrants to urban areas, most of whom are men. The HBV will continue to contribute to HCC incidence in older age-groups and in others who missed vaccination. Although we did not find an increased risk for HCC in HIV positive individuals this may change as life expectancy increases due to greater access to antiretroviral therapies, necessitating the addition of hepatitis virus screening to preventive medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mak
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit (HVDRU), Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chantal Babb de Villiers
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Charles Chasela
- Epidemiology and Strategic Information (ESI), HIV/AIDS, STIS and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Right to Care, EQUIP HEALTH, Centurion, South Africa
| | - Margaret I. Urban
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit (HVDRU), Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Yang Y, Gao J, Tan YT, Li HL, Wang J, Ma X, Zheng W, Shu XO, Xiang YB. Individual and combined effects of hepatitis B surface antigen level and viral load on liver cancer risk. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1131-1137. [PMID: 29065440 PMCID: PMC5902426 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and viral load are both hallmarks of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and have potential to stratify liver cancer risk. METHODS We carried out a nested case-control study including 211 liver cancer cases and 221 controls who were seropositive for HBsAg within two population-based cohorts in Shanghai. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Risk of liver cancer was positively related to increasing levels of HBV-DNA and HBsAg in dose-response manners. Compared with subjects with HBV-DNA < 2000 IU/ml, the adjusted ORs increased from 2.11 (95%CI: 0.99-4.50) to 10.47 (95%CI: 5.06-21.68) for those with HBV-DNA level at 2000-19 999 to ≥ 20 000 IU/ml. Compared with subjects at a low level of HBsAg (0.05-99 IU/ml), the adjusted ORs increased from 1.82 (95%CI: 0.90-3.68) to 2.21 (95%CI: 1.10-4.43) for those with HBsAg level at 100-999 to ≥ 1000 IU/ml. Compared with subjects with HBV-DNA < 2000 IU/ml and HBsAg < 100 IU/ml, the adjusted ORs were increased from 2.20 (95%CI: 1.07-4.49) for those with HBV-DNA < 2000 and HBsAg ≥ 100 IU/ml to 6.94 (95%CI: 3.39-14.23) for those with HBV-DNA ≥ 2000 IU/ml and HBsAg < 1000 IU/ml, and 16.15 (95%CI: 7.60-34.32) for those with HBV-DNA ≥ 2000 IU/ml and HBsAg ≥ 1000 IU/ml. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of HBV-DNA and HBsAg are associated with increased risks of liver cancer. Chronic HBsAg carriers may be suggested to simultaneously lower the viral load to < 2000 IU/ml and HBsAg level to < 100 IU/ml to lower their liver cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medicine Center, Nashville TN 37203-1738, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medicine Center, Nashville TN 37203-1738, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China,Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Tong MJ, Pan CQ, Han SB, Lu DS, Raman S, Hu K, Lim JK, Hann HW, Min AD. An expert consensus for the management of chronic hepatitis B in Asian Americans. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:1181-1200. [PMID: 29479728 PMCID: PMC5900913 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is common with major clinical consequences. In Asian Americans, the HBsAg carrier rate ranges from 2% to 16% which approximates the rates from their countries of origin. Similarly, HBV is the most important cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver related deaths in HBsAg positive Asians worldwide. AIM To generate recommendations for the management of Asian Americans infected with HBV. METHODS These guidelines are based on relevant data derived from medical reports on HBV from Asian countries as well as from studies in the HBsAg positive Asian Americans. The guidelines herein differ from other recommendations in the treatment of both HBeAg positive and negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB), in the approach to HCC surveillance, and in the management of HBV in pregnant women. RESULTS Asian American patients, HBeAg positive or negative, with HBV DNA levels >2000 IU/mL (>104 copies/mL) and ALT values above normal are candidates for anti-viral therapy. HBeAg negative patients with HBV DNA >2000 IU/mL and normal ALT levels but who have either serum albumin <3.5 g/dL or platelet count <130 000 mm3 , basal core promoter (BCP) mutations, or who have first-degree relatives with HCC should be offered treatment. Patients with cirrhosis and detectable HBV DNA must receive life-long anti-viral therapy. Indications for treatment include pregnant women with high viraemia, coinfected patients, and those requiring immunosuppressive therapy. In HBsAg positive patients with risk factors, life-long surveillance for HCC with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) testing and abdominal ultrasound examination at 6-month intervals is required. In CHB patients receiving HCC treatments, repeat imaging with contrast CT scan or MRI at 3-month intervals is strongly recommended. These guidelines have been assigned to a Class (reflecting benefit vs. risk) and a Level (assessing strength or certainty) of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Application of the recommendations made based on a review of the relevant literature and the opinion of a panel of Asian American physicians with expertise in HBV treatment will inform physicians and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Tong
- Pfleger Liver InstituteDivision of Digestive DiseasesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA,Liver CenterHuntington Medical Research InstitutesPasadenaCAUSA
| | - C. Q. Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyNYU Langone Medical CenterNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - S.‐H. B. Han
- Pfleger Liver InstituteDivision of Digestive DiseasesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - D. S.‐K. Lu
- Department of Radiological SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - S. Raman
- Department of Radiological SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - K.‐Q. Hu
- Division of GI/HepatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California, IrvineOrangeCAUSA
| | - J. K. Lim
- Yale Liver Center and Section of Digestive DiseasesYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - H. W. Hann
- Liver Disease Prevention CenterDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologySidney Kimmel Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - A. D. Min
- Department of MedicineIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
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73
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Sohn W, Kang TW, Choi SK, Jung SH, Lee MW, Lim HK, Cho JY, Shim SG, Sinn DH, Gwak GY, Choi MS, Lee JH, Koh KC, Paik SW, Rhim H, Paik YH. Effect of oral antiviral treatment on long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation therapy for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47794-47807. [PMID: 27329596 PMCID: PMC5216979 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral antiviral treatment on the prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radiofrequency (RF) ablation. METHODS Between January 2003 and December 2010, 228 patients without a history of antiviral treatment were treated with RF ablation for a single HBV-related HCC. We divided the patients into two groups, patients who received (n=125) or did not receive antiviral treatment (n=103), based on whether oral antiviral treatment was administered after RF ablation. The median duration of antiviral treatment was 60.1 months. HCC recurrence and overall survival were compared in the two groups in the full cohort and the propensity score-matched cohort. RESULTS In the matched cohort, the probability of HCC recurrence at 5 years was 43.8% for the non-antiviral treatment group and 14.7% for the antiviral treatment group (p<0.001). The probability of overall survival at 5 years was 77.2% for the non-antiviral treatment group and 93.5% for the antiviral treatment group (p=0.002). Multivariable analysis showed that risk factors for HCC recurrence included large tumor size (hazard ratio (HR)=1.30, p=0.022), HBV DNA serum level (HR=1.11, p=0.005), and serum AFP level ≥20 ng/mL (HR=1.66, p=0.005). Overall survival was associated with larger tumor size (HR=1.86, p=0.001) and Child-Pugh Class B (HR=2.13, p=0.019). Oral antiviral treatment after RF ablation was significantly associated with a lower risk of tumor recurrence and death (HR=0.33, p<0.001, and HR=0.44, p=0.004). CONCLUSION Use of oral antiviral treatment after curative RF ablation was associated with favorable outcomes in terms of tumor recurrence and overall survival in patients with HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Sohn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Hepatology, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Sungnam, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kang
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Kyu Choi
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin-Ho Jung
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Woo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Keun Lim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Cho
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwang-Ju, Korea
| | - Sang Goon Shim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Seok Choi
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Hyeok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Cheol Koh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woon Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunchul Rhim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Han Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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74
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Oxidative stress, a trigger of hepatitis C and B virus-induced liver carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3895-3932. [PMID: 27965466 PMCID: PMC5354803 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virally induced liver cancer usually evolves over long periods of time in the context of a strongly oxidative microenvironment, characterized by chronic liver inflammation and regeneration processes. They ultimately lead to oncogenic mutations in many cellular signaling cascades that drive cell growth and proliferation. Oxidative stress, induced by hepatitis viruses, therefore is one of the factors that drives the neoplastic transformation process in the liver. This review summarizes current knowledge on oxidative stress and oxidative stress responses induced by human hepatitis B and C viruses. It focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which these viruses activate cellular enzymes/systems that generate or scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and control cellular redox homeostasis. The impact of an altered cellular redox homeostasis on the initiation and establishment of chronic viral infection, as well as on the course and outcome of liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis will be discussed The review neither discusses reactive nitrogen species, although their metabolism is interferes with that of ROS, nor antioxidants as potential therapeutic remedies against viral infections, both subjects meriting an independent review.
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75
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Kim YM, Shin HP, Lee JI, Joo KR, Cha JM, Jeon JW, Yoon JY, Kwak MS. Real-world single-center experience with entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in treatment-naïve and experienced patients with chronic hepatitis B. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:326-335. [PMID: 30004042 PMCID: PMC6253913 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_49_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The goal of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is to improve survival of the patients by achieving a complete virological response (CVR). This study aimed to evaluate long-term efficacy of entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in nucleos(t)ide analog (NA)-naïve and NA-experienced Korean patients with CHB and to determine the incidence of cirrhosis-related complications in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients treated with ETV or TDF from July 2007 to January 2017. We examined CVR and analyzed the predictive factors influencing the rate of CVR and evaluated the incidences of cirrhosis-related complications. RESULTS The proportion of patients who achieved CVR was 94.2% in the ETV group and 91.1% in the TDF group (P = 0.358). Among patients who achieved CVR, the mean time to CVR was 13.5 ± 14.3 months in the ETV group and 11.5 ± 10.6 months in the TDF group (P = 0.169). Positive predictive factors for CVR included the current treatment with TDF, a low hepatitis B virus DNA level, negative hepatitis B e-antigen status, and high alanine aminotransferase level in baseline laboratory test. The annual incidence rate of HCC was 127 per 10,000 patient-years (1.27% per year) in ETV group, and 85 per 10,000 patient-years (0.85% per year) in TDF group (P = 0.526). CONCLUSION Both ETV and TDF therapy resulted in a high CVR, and the annual incidence rates of HCC and other cirrhosis-related complications were not significantly different between the two treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Phil Shin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Address for correspondence: Dr. Hyun Phil Shin, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul - 05278, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
| | - Joung Il Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ro Joo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myung Cha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Jeon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Yoon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seob Kwak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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76
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Paik N, Sinn DH, Lee JH, Oh IS, Kim JH, Kang W, Gwak GY, Paik YH, Choi MS, Lee JH, Koh KC, Paik SW. Non-invasive tests for liver disease severity and the hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients with low-level viremia. Liver Int 2018; 38:68-75. [PMID: 28581248 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We tested whether non-invasive tests for liver disease severity can stratify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients showing low-level viremia (LLV, HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL). METHODS A retrospective cohort of 1006 chronic hepatitis B patients showing persistently LLV, defined by at least two consecutive assessments in the year before enrolment, was assessed for HCC development. Two non-invasive serum biomarkers, the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), were tested. Cirrhosis was defined with ultrasonography. RESULTS During a median 5.1 years of follow-up, HCC developed in 36 patients. HCC incidence rate at 5 years was significantly higher for cirrhotic patients (19/139, 13.7%), but was not null for non-cirrhotic patients (17/867, 2.0%, P<.001). APRI at a cut-off of 0.5 was more specific but less sensitive for HCC development, and FIB-4 at a cut-off of 1.45 was more sensitive but less specific. When both APRI and FIB-4 were used to group patients, the 5-year cumulative HCC incidence rate was 13.9%, 1.4% and 1.2% for both high, any high, and both low APRI and FIB-4 score among all patients (n=1006, P<.001), respectively, and was 11.4%, 1.5% and 0.4% in the same respective order among non-cirrhotic patients (n=867, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The combined use of two non-invasive serum biomarkers (APRI and FIB-4) could stratify HCC risk for chronic HBV-infected patients with LLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namyoung Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong H Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In S Oh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung H Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonseok Kang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Han Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon S Choi
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang C Koh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung W Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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77
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Feng GX, Li J, Yang Z, Zhang SQ, Liu YX, Zhang WY, Ye LH, Zhang XD. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes the development of liver fibrosis and hepatoma through downregulation of miR-30e targeting P4HA2 mRNA. Oncogene 2017; 36:6895-6905. [PMID: 28846110 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced liver necrosis takes great part in liver cirrhosis progression. However, less is known about whether hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has effect on liver fibrosis. Here, we report that HBV leads to liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis through miR-30e targeting P4HA2. HBV transgenic mouse was treated by CCl4 to generate a model of liver fibrosis. A crucial enzyme catalyzing collagen formation, prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit α2 (P4HA2) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blotting or quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. The function of HBV-modulated P4HA2 in hepatoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo was analyzed by EdU, MTT, colony-forming assay and animal transplantation assay. HBV transgenic mice exhibited more collagen deposition in liver after intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. P4HA2 was dramatically augmented in liver samples of HBV transgenic mice, clinical liver cirrhosis and liver cancer patients. Mechanistically, HBx was capable of inducing P4HA2 through suppressing miR-30e, in which miR-30e could target P4HA2 mRNA 3' untranslated region in liver cancer cells. HBx inhibited the miR-30e expression through increasing methylation of CpG islands in its promoter mediated by EZH2-formed complexes. Functionally, HBx-elevated P4HA2 enhanced the collagen deposition in the liver in vivo and in vitro, leading to liver fibrosis and liver cancer progression. In conclusion, HBx promotes the development of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma through miR-30e targeting P4HA2 mRNA. We provide novel perspective on how HBx induces liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - S Q Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y X Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - W Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - L H Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - X D Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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78
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Kim JH, Sinn DH, Kang W, Gwak GY, Paik YH, Choi MS, Lee JH, Koh KC, Paik SW. Low-level viremia and the increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients receiving entecavir treatment. Hepatology 2017; 66:335-343. [PMID: 28012257 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The long-term clinical impact of low-level viremia (LLV; <2,000 IU/mL) is not well understood. As a result, it is unclear whether the development of LLV during entecavir monotherapy requires a change in therapy. A retrospective cohort of 875 treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfected patients (mean age 47.7 years, male = 564 [65.5%], cirrhosis = 443 [50.6%]) who received entecavir monotherapy were analyzed for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HCC risk was compared between patients who maintained virological response (MVR), defined by persistently undetectable HBV DNA (<12 IU/mL), and patients who experienced LLV, defined by either persistent or intermittent episodes of <2,000 IU/mL detectable HBV DNA. During a median 4.5 years of follow-up (range 1.0-8.7 years), HCC was diagnosed in 85 patients (9.7%). HCC developed more frequently in patients who experienced LLV than MVR (14.3% versus 7.5% at 5 years, P = 0.015). The hazard ratio comparing those with LLV to MVR was 1.98 (95% confidence interval = 1.28-3.06, P = 0.002, adjusted for age, sex, hepatitis B e antigen, baseline HBV DNA levels, and cirrhosis). Among patients with cirrhosis, those with LLV exhibited a significantly higher HCC risk than those with MVR (HCC incidence rate at 5 years 23.4% versus 10.3%, adjusted hazard ratio = 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.34-3.60; P = 0.002). However, for patients without cirrhosis, there was no significant difference in the HCC risk between LLV and MVR. CONCLUSION LLV observed during entecavir monotherapy was associated with a higher risk of HCC, especially for those with cirrhosis, indicating that LLV during potent antiviral therapy is consequential. (Hepatology 2017;66:335-343).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonseok Kang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Han Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moon Seok Choi
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Hyeok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Cheol Koh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Woon Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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79
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Min AD. Low-level viremia in hepatitis b patients on antiviral treatment: Can we ignore it? Hepatology 2017; 66:312-314. [PMID: 28437872 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert D Min
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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80
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Yang X, Wu L, Lin J, Wang A, Wan X, Wu Y, Robson SC, Sang X, Zhao H. Distinct hepatitis B virus integration patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent normal liver tissue. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1324-1330. [PMID: 27943263 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the main etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During chronic infection, HBV DNA can integrate into the human genome, and this has been postulated as a possible mechanism of HBV-induced HCC. In this study we used 2199 HBV integration sites from Dr.VIS v2.0 and mapped them to the human genome (hg19) to obtain viral integration sites (VIS) related to protein-coding and non-protein-coding genes. In total, we found 1,377 and 767 VIS within close proximity to protein coding genes and noncoding genes, respectively. Genes affected more than two times included 23.1% of protein-coding genes and 24.7% of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA). Only 4.8% of VIS were shared between HCC and non-tumor tissues. HBV integrations were more common in chromosomes 5, 8, 10, and 19 in HCC tissue and chromosomes 1 and 2 in non-tumorous tissue. The number of integration sites on each chromosome correlated with the number of fragile sites in non-tumorous tissue but not in HCC tissue. Functional enrichment analysis of the protein-coding genes containing or in close proximity to HBV integration sites in HCC tissue showed an enrichment of cancer related gene ontology terms. Additionally, the most frequently associated lncRNA genes were related to telomere maintenance, protein modification processes, and chromosome localization. Thus, HBV may have preferred integration sites in the human genome that serve a critical role in HCC development. These results show that HCC treatment may benefit from the development of next generation anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Liangcai Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Anqiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xueshuai Wan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Surgery, Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Department of Medicine, Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Surgery, Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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81
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F221Y mutation in hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis following liver resection. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3292-3300. [PMID: 28339094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) is encoded by the polymerase gene in the reverse transcriptase region, which overlaps with the S gene. The association between mutations of HBV RT and the pathobiological features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to examine mutations in this region of the HBV genome and its clinical significance. Briefly, HBV total DNA was extracted from 84 pairs of HCC tumor tissue and corresponding adjacent non‑tumor tissue samples. The RT/S regions (nt130‑1161) were amplified and sequenced using the Sanger method, and associations between RT mutations and the clinical characteristics of patients with HCC were analyzed. Finally, 27 and 29 mutations with frequencies >5% were identified in the RT and S regions, respectively. The rtF221Y variation and a tumor size >8 cm were found to be independent risk factors for the postoperative recurrence of HCC, with hazard ratios of 2.345 (95% CI, 1.391‑3.953; P=0.001) and 1.838 (95% CI, 1.069‑3.161; P=0.028), respectively. rtF221Y was also an independent risk factor for poor overall survival rates (HR=2.557; 95% CI, 1.344‑4.866; P=0.004). The mutation of R122 K in the HBV S protein was closely associated with tumor recurrence (P<0.001). As a result, rtF221Y was identified as a risk factor for poor prognosis and may be a potential viral marker for predicting prognosis in HCC.
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82
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Kim EJ, Yeon JE, Kwon OS, Lee HN, Shin SK, Kang SH, Byun KS, Kim JH, Kwon SY, Suh SJ, Yim HJ, Kim YS, Kim JH. Rapid Alanine Aminotransferase Normalization with Entecavir and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:808-816. [PMID: 28035553 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels can increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. AIM This study is aimed to confirm the impact of rapid ALT normalization (≤30 IU/L) on HCC risk in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cirrhosis after entecavir (ETV) commencement. METHODS A total of 578 treatment-naïve patients with HBV-associated cirrhosis (mean age 51 ± 9 years, male sex 63.3%) were treated with ETV for more than 1 year. Serum ALT and HBV DNA levels were measured at three time points (baseline, 6, and 12 months after ETV commencement) and subjected to risk factor analysis. RESULTS Median follow-up after ETV commencement was 43 (12-98) months. Cumulative incidences of HCC at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years were 0.3, 8.5, 19.5, and 30.6%, respectively. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that older age, abnormal ALT at 6 months or 12 months, and lower platelet count were significant risk factors for HCC. However, gender, HBeAg positivity, abnormal ALT levels or HBV DNA levels at baseline, and detectable HBV DNA at 6 or 12 months were not risk factors. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (P < 0.001), abnormal ALT at 12 months (P = 0.006), and lower platelet count (P = 0.034) were the risk factors for HCC. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal serum ALT levels after ETV commencement are significant risk factor for HCC. Therefore, ALT should be rapidly normalized to minimize the risk of HCC development in patients with HBV-associated cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Joo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Jong Eun Yeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Korea University Guro Hospital, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
| | - Oh Sang Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea.
| | - Heon Nam Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Seung Kak Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Seong Hee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Korea University Guro Hospital, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Korea University Guro Hospital, 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
| | - Jeong Han Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - So Young Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15355, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical College, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 15355, South Korea
| | - Yun Soo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
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83
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Chung GE, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Yoo JJ, Lee M, Cho Y, Lee DH, Kim HY, Yu SJ, Kim YJ, Yoon JH, Zoulim F. Tenofovir has inferior efficacy in adefovir-experienced chronic hepatitis B patients compared to nucleos(t)ide-naïve patients. Clin Mol Hepatol 2017; 23:66-73. [PMID: 28190329 PMCID: PMC5381841 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2016.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims A recent study reported that entecavir had inferior efficacy in nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA)-experienced chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients compared to NA-naïve patients. We sought to compare the efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in NA-experienced and NA-naïve CHB patients. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 252 consecutive patients who had a serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level greater than 2,000 IU/mL at the initiation of TDF treatment and who received TDF for at least 6 months. Complete virologic suppression (CVS) was defined as undetectable serum HBV DNA. We generated a multivariate Cox proportional-hazard model to examine predictive factors that were independently associated with time to CVS. Results The mean age of patients was 48.2 years, and the cohort included 181 NA-naïve patients and 71 NA-experienced patients. The median duration of TDF treatment was 14.4 (interquartile range, 9.5-17.8) months. A total of 167 (92.3%) of 181 NA-naïve patients achieved CVS, and 60 (84.5%) of 71 NA-exposed patients achieved CVS. Forty-nine (89.1%) of 55 patients who previously took an NA aside from adefovir and 11 (68.8%) of 16 adefovir-experienced patients achieved CVS. In multivariable analysis, previous adefovir exposure significantly influenced time to CVS (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.72; P=0.003), after adjusting for HBeAg positivity, baseline HBV DNA level and cirrhosis. Conclusions Tenofovir had inferior efficacy in adefovir-experienced CHB patients compared to NA-naïve patients. The response of patients with previous adefovir exposure to TDF monotherapy should be monitored closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goh Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Gangnam Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Minjong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yuri Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwi Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine Liver Center, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- INSERM Unité 1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon University, Lyon, France
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84
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Mirian M, Khanahmad H, Darzi L, Salehi M, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H. Oligonucleotide aptamers: potential novel molecules against viral hepatitis. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:88-98. [PMID: 28515761 PMCID: PMC5385733 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.202447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis, as an international public health concern, seriously affects communities and health system. In recent years, great strides have been taken for development of new potential tools against viral hepatitis. Among these efforts, a valuable strategy introduced new molecules called “aptamers”. Aptamers as potential alternatives for antibodies could be directed against any protein in infected cells and any components of viral particles. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis based on aptamer technology. In recent years, various types of aptamers including RNA and DNA were introduced against viral hepatitis. Some of these aptamers can be utilized for early and precise diagnosis of hepatitis infections and other group selected as therapeutic tools against viral targets. Designing diagnostic and therapeutic platforms based on aptamer technology is a promising approach in viral infections. The obtained aptamers in the recent years showed obvious potential for use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools against viral hepatitis. Although some modifications to increase the biostability and half-life of aptamers are underway, it seems these molecules will be a favorable substitute for monoclonal antibody in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mirian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Leila Darzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mansour Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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85
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Wong VWS. Management of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis in the era of effective antiviral therapy. Liver Int 2016; 36:1752-1754. [PMID: 27864872 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W S Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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86
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Kumar R, Testoni B, Fresquet J, Lim TKH, Hao Y, Tan HH, Chow WC, Zoulim F. Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients with advanced fibrosis is independent of viral genotype. J Med Virol 2016; 89:845-848. [PMID: 27709629 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B is leading cause of liver related morbidity in Asia with predominant genotypes B and C in East-Asia. Data on Serum, intrahepatic viral-markers, and long-term follow-up of prevalent genotypes (GT) B and C in patients with biopsy proven advanced fibrosis are sparse. To compare serum, intrahepatic viral-markers and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in GT-B and C in patients with advanced fibrosis (Ishak ≥ 4). Sixty-three treatment-naïve patients identified with advanced fibrosis on liver-biopsy performed between 1998 and 2000 at Singapore General Hospital. FFPE tissue was available for 59 patients and serum for 42 patients. HBV-DNA was quantified in serum and liver while qHBsAg quantified in serum. Patients were followed-up till December 2015. The median age was 47 ± 16 years, with 77.7% males. About 19 were GT-B, 43 patients were GT-C, and 1 had both GT-B and C. Mean follow-up was 13.5 years. The median serum HBV-DNA was 6.25 ± 2.17 and 6.58 ± 1.85 log IU/ml, serum HBsAg was 3.29 ± 0.80 and 3.45 ± 1.85 log IU/ml, and intrahepatic HBV-DNA was 0.52 ± 3.73 copies/cell and 0.4 ± 1.37 copies/cell in the GT-B and C, respectively (P > 0.1 in all). Complete cirrhosis (Ishak-6) was present in 47.6%, Ishak-5 fibrosis in 33.3%, and Ishak-4 fibrosis in 19% at recruitment. On follow-up HCC developed in 8/43 in GT-C and in 3/19 GT-B (P = 0.86). Advanced age and cirrhosis were significant factors for development of HCC. No difference in serum HBV-DNA, qHBsAg or intrahepatic HBV-DNA was seen in the two genotypes. HCC development seen over long-term follow-up was independent of genotypes in patients with advanced fibrosis. J. Med. Virol. 89:845-848, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Kumar
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barbara Testoni
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Judith Fresquet
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Tony Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Hao
- Division of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Hui Tan
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Wan Cheng Chow
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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87
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microRNA-539 suppresses tumor growth and tumorigenesis and overcomes arsenic trioxide resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2016; 166:34-40. [PMID: 27717846 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a critical role in tumor growth and progression. In this study, we sought to explore the expression and biological roles of miR-539 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MAIN METHODS The expression of miR-539 in human HCC tissues and cell lines was examined. The effects of miR-539 overexpression on cell growth, tumorigenicity, arsenic trioxide resistance of HCC cells were determined. The signaling pathways involved in the action of miR-539 in HCC were also investigated. KEY FINDINGS miR-539 was downregulated in HCC tissues and cells, relative to corresponding controls. Overexpression of miR-539 inhibited HCC cell viability and colony formation in vitro and impaired tumorigenesis of HCC cells in vivo. Transfection with miR-539 mimic significantly induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, which was coupled with reduced expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and decreased phosphorylation of Stat3. Overexpression of a constitutively active form of Stat3 partially blocked miR-539-mediated apoptosis. Enforced expression of miR-539 resensitized arsenic trioxide-resistant HCC cells to arsenic trioxide. Intratumoral delivery of miR-539 mimic significantly retarded the growth of xenograft tumors from arsenic trioxide-resistant HCC cells by about 35%, compared to delivery of control miRNA (P<0.05). In combination with arsenic trioxide, miR-539 mimic yielded about 80% decrease in tumor burden. SIGNIFICANCE miR-539 functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC and reexpression of this miRNA offers a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease.
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88
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Nathanson MH, Terrault N. Hepatitis B surface antigen loss: Not all that we hoped it would be. Hepatology 2016; 64:328-9. [PMID: 27178231 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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89
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Rapisarda V, Loreto C, Malaguarnera M, Ardiri A, Proiti M, Rigano G, Frazzetto E, Ruggeri MI, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Malaguarnera M, Catania VE, Di Carlo I, Toro A, Bertino E, Mangano D, Bertino G. Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:573-90. [PMID: 27168870 PMCID: PMC4858622 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i13.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The main risk factors for HCC are alcoholism, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cirrhosis, aflatoxin, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and hemophilia. Occupational exposure to chemicals is another risk factor for HCC. Often the relationship between occupational risk and HCC is unclear and the reports are fragmented and inconsistent. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the association of infective and non-infective occupational risk exposure and HCC in order to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venerando Rapisarda
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ardiri
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Proiti
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rigano
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Evelise Frazzetto
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Irene Ruggeri
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Malaguarnera
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bertino
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariano Malaguarnera
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Emanuele Catania
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Isidoro Di Carlo
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Toro
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bertino
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Mangano
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bertino
- Venerando Rapisarda, Dario Mangano, Occupational Medi-cine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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90
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Mehta N, Yao FY. Nucleos(t)ide analogs reduce the risk of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: A can't miss proposition? Hepatology 2016; 63:1415-7. [PMID: 26679367 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Francis Y Yao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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91
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Wong GLH, Tse YK, Chan HLY, Yip TCF, Tsoi KKF, Wong VWS. Oral nucleos(t)ide analogues reduce recurrence and death in chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43:802-13. [PMID: 26843444 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), high viral load was associated with tumour recurrence and deaths. AIMS To investigate the effect of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) on the clinical outcomes after different HCC treatments. METHODS A territory-wide cohort study was conducted using the database from Hospital Authority. We identified CHB patients with HCC by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes in 2000-2012. HCC treatments, NA use and laboratory parameters were retrieved. The primary endpoint was HCC recurrence and death. A 3-month landmark analysis was used to evaluate the primary outcome in patients with or without NA treatment. RESULTS A total of 2198 CHB patients (1230 NA-untreated and 968 NA-treated) with HCC, receiving at least one type of HCC treatment were included in the analysis. At a median follow-up of 2.8 (IQR 1.4-4.9) years, tumour recurrence and death occurred in 451 (36.7%) and 578 (47.0%) untreated patients; and in 216 (22.3%) and 301 (31.1%) NA-treated patients respectively. NA therapy reduced the risk of overall HCC recurrence [adjusted sub-hazard ratio (SHR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-0.80; P < 0.001]. The effect was most obvious in patients undergoing resection (SHR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.37-0.91, P = 0.018). The possibility of NA therapy reducing the risk of death (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.64-1.03, P = 0.092), is most obvious in resection subgroup (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41-0.99, P = 0.050) but insignificant in the other treatment groups. CONCLUSION Our findings show that nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment reduces the risk of HCC recurrence in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated by surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L-H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y-K Tse
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - H L-Y Chan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T C-F Yip
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K K-F Tsoi
- Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - V W-S Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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92
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Prevention of hepatitis B virus-associated liver diseases by antiviral therapy. Hepatol Int 2016; 10:574-93. [PMID: 27026375 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-016-9720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly in Asia-Pacific countries. The major complications in HBV carriers are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver failure and esophageal varices following the progression to cirrhosis, while some develop HCC without cirrhosis. The progression to liver fibrosis and these other complications could be prevented by treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs); however, NUCs must be continuously administered for a long time. Peginterferon could lead to HBV surface antigen loss. It is difficult to use peginterferon in HBV-infected patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Acute liver failure due to HBV infection and acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B could be treated by NUCs. Universal vaccination programs against HBV could prevent new HBV infections globally. Here, we review the currently available treatments for HBV infection.
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Oral antiviral therapy reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in persons with chronic hepatitis B infection: combining evidence and common sense. Hepatol Int 2016; 10:239-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-016-9714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Risk Factors and Post-Resection Independent Predictive Score for the Recurrence of Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148493. [PMID: 26901762 PMCID: PMC4762706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Independent risk factors associated with hepatitis B (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection remains unknown. An accurate risk score for HCC recurrence is lacking. METHODS We prospectively followed up 200 patients who underwent liver resection for HBV-related HCC for at least 2 years. Demographic, biochemical, tumor, virological and anti-viral treatment factors were analyzed to identify independent risk factors associated with recurrence after resection and a risk score for HCC recurrence formulated. RESULTS Two hundred patients (80% male) who underwent liver resection for HBV-related HCC were recruited. The median time of recurrence was 184 weeks (IQR 52-207 weeks) for the entire cohort and 100 patients (50%) developed HCC recurrence. Stepwise Cox regression analysis identified that one-month post resection HBV DNA >20,000 IU/mL (p = 0.019; relative risk (RR) 1.67; 95% confidence interval (C.I.): 1.09-2.57), the presence of lymphovascular permeation (p<0.001; RR 2.69; 95% C.I.: 1.75-4.12), microsatellite lesions (p<0.001; RR 2.86; 95% C.I.: 1.82-4.51), and AFP >100ng/mL before resection (p = 0.021; RR 1.63; 95% C.I.: 1.08-2.47) were independently associated with HCC recurrence. Antiviral treatment before resection (p = 0.024; RR 0.1; 95% C.I.: 0.01-0.74) was independently associated with reduced risk of HCC recurrence. A post-resection independent predictive score (PRIPS) was derived and validated with sensitivity of 75.3% and 60.6% and specificity of 55.7% and 79.2%, to predict the 1- and 3-year risks for the HCC recurrence respectively with the hazard ratio of 2.71 (95% C.I.: 2.12-3.48; p<0.001). The AUC for the 1- and 3-year prediction were 0.675 (95% C.I.: 0.6-0.78) and 0.746 (95% C.I.: 0.69-0.82) respectively. CONCLUSION Several tumor, virological and biochemical factors were associated with a higher cumulative risk of HCC recurrence after resection. PRIPS was derived for more accurate risk assessment. Regardless of the HBV DNA level, antiviral treatment should be given to patients before resection to reduce the risk of recurrence.
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Mazzanti R, Arena U, Tassi R. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Where are we? World J Exp Med 2016; 6:21-36. [PMID: 26929917 PMCID: PMC4759352 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v6.i1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second cause of death due to malignancy in the world, following lung cancer. The geographic distribution of this disease accompanies its principal risk factors: Chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection, alcoholism, aflatoxin B1 intoxication, liver cirrhosis, and some genetic attributes. Recently, type II diabetes has been shown to be a risk factor for HCC together with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Although the risk factors are quite well known and it is possible to diagnose HCC when the tumor is less than 1 cm diameter, it remains elusive at the beginning and treatment is often unsuccessful. Liver transplantation is thus far considered the best treatment for HCC as it cures HCC and the underlying liver disease. Using the Milan criteria, overall survival after liver transplantation for HCC is about 70% after 5 years. Many attempts have been made to go beyond the Milan Criteria and according to recent works reasonably good results have been achieved by using a histochemical marker such as cytokeratine 19 and the so-called "up to seven criteria" to divide patients into categories according to their risk of relapse. In addition to liver transplantation other therapies have been proposed such as resection, tumor ablation by different means, embolization and chemotherapy. An important step in the treatment of advanced HCC has been the introduction of sorafenib, the first oral, systemic drug that has provided significant improvement in survival. Treatment of HCC patients must be multidisciplinary and by using the different approaches discussed in this review it is possible to offer prolonged survival and quite good and sometimes even excellent quality of life to many patients.
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Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, Brown RS, Wong JB, Ahmed AT, Farah W, Almasri J, Alahdab F, Benkhadra K, Mouchli MA, Singh S, Mohamed EA, Abu Dabrh AM, Prokop LJ, Wang Z, Murad MH, Mohammed K. Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B viral infection in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology 2016; 63:284-306. [PMID: 26566246 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection remains a significant global health problem. Evidence-based guidelines are needed to help providers determine when treatment should be initiated, which medication is most appropriate, and when treatment can safely be stopped. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases HBV guideline methodology and writing committees developed a protocol a priori for this systematic review. We searched multiple databases for randomized controlled trials and controlled observational studies that enrolled adults ≥18 years old diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who received antiviral therapy. Data extraction was done by pairs of independent reviewers. We included 73 studies, of which 59 (15 randomized controlled trials and 44 observational studies) reported clinical outcomes. Moderate-quality evidence supported the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in patients with immune active chronic HBV infection in reducing the risk of cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In immune tolerant patients, moderate-quality evidence supports improved intermediate outcomes with antiviral therapy. Only very low-quality evidence informed the questions about discontinuing versus continuing antiviral therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients who seroconverted from hepatitis B e antigen to hepatitis B e antibody and about the safety of entecavir versus tenofovir. Noncomparative and indirect evidence was available for questions about stopping versus continuing antiviral therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients, monotherapy versus adding a second agent in patients with persistent viremia during treatment, and the effectiveness of antivirals in compensated cirrhosis with low-level viremia. CONCLUSION Most of the current literature focuses on the immune active phases of chronic HBV infection; decision-making in other commonly encountered and challenging clinical settings depends on indirect evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S F Lok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brian J McMahon
- Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK
| | - Robert S Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - John B Wong
- Division of Clinical Decision Making, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ahmed T Ahmed
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Wigdan Farah
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jehad Almasri
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Fares Alahdab
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Khalid Benkhadra
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Essa A Mohamed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Zhen Wang
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mohammad Hassan Murad
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Khaled Mohammed
- Evidence-Based Practice Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Yu G, Chen X, Chen S, Ye W, Hou K, Liang M. Arsenic trioxide reduces chemo-resistance to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in HBx-HepG2 cells via complex mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:116. [PMID: 26692822 PMCID: PMC4676851 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug resistance is one of the major reasons chemotherapy-based treatments failed in hepatitis B virus (HBV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypoxia is generally associated with tumor chemo-resistance. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the hypoxia-induced chemo-resistance to 5-FU or cisplatin and explored its underlying mechanism in the HBx-HepG2 cells. Methods MTT assay was used to examine the cell viability. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. qRT-PCR was employed to observe the mRNA expression level; and western blot assay was used to determine the protein expression level. Results Our results showed that transfection of HBx plasmid established the HBx-HepG2 cells expressing HBx, and the expression of HBx was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot. Exposure of HBx-HepG2 cells to hypoxia (5 % O2, 3 % O2, 1 % O2) for 48 h increased the chemo-resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (50–1600 µM) and cisplatin (25–800 µM), reduced MMP, and caused the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner. Hypoxia also concentration-dependently (5 % O2, 3 % O2, 1 % O2) reduced mRNA expression level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), lung resistance protein (LRP), and decreased the protein expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), P-gp MRP1, and LRP. Following pretreatment with As2O3 at a non-cytotoxic concentration re-sensitized the hypoxia (1 % O2)-induced chemo-resistance to 5-FU and cisplatin in HBx-HepG2 cells. As2O3 pretreatment also prevented MMP reduction and G0/G1 arrest induced by hypoxia. Meanwhile, As2O3 antagonized increase of HIF-1α protein induced by hypoxia, and it also suppresses the increase in expression levels of P-gp, MRP1, and LRP mRNA and proteins. In addition, As2O3 in combination with 5-FU treatment caused up-regulation of DR5, caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9, and down-regulation of BCL-2, but had no effect of DR4. Conclusions Our results may suggest that As2O3 re-sensitizes hypoxia-induced chemo-resistance in HBx-HepG2 via complex pathways, and As2O3 may be a potential agent that given in combination with other anti-drugs for the treatment of HBV related HCC, which is resistant to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510700 China
| | - Xuezhu Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510700 China
| | - Shudi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510700 China
| | - Weipeng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510700 China
| | - Kailian Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510700 China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510700 China
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanetto
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Kryssia Isabel Rodriguez-Castro
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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