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Revel-Vilk S, Shai E, Turro E, Jahshan N, Hi-Am E, Spectre G, Daum H, Kalish Y, Althaus K, Greinacher A, Kaplinsky C, Izraeli S, Mapeta R, Deevi SVV, Jarocha D, Ouwehand WH, Downes K, Poncz M, Varon D, Lambert MP. GNE variants causing autosomal recessive macrothrombocytopenia without associated muscle wasting. Blood 2018; 132:1851-1854. [PMID: 30171045 PMCID: PMC6202914 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-04-845545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Revel-Vilk
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, and
| | - Ela Shai
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ernest Turro
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nivin Jahshan
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esti Hi-Am
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galia Spectre
- Department of Hematology, Belinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Daum
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yossef Kalish
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karina Althaus
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chaim Kaplinsky
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and
| | - Shai Izraeli
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Genes, Development and Environment Research Institute, Tel Aviv University and Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rutendo Mapeta
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sri V V Deevi
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Danuta Jarocha
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Varon
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michele P Lambert
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Carrillo N, Malicdan MC, Huizing M. GNE Myopathy: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Challenges. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:900-914. [PMID: 30338442 PMCID: PMC6277305 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy, previously known as hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM), or Nonaka myopathy, is a rare autosomal recessive muscle disease characterized by progressive skeletal muscle atrophy. It has an estimated prevalence of 1 to 9:1,000,000. GNE myopathy is caused by mutations in the GNE gene which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis. The pathophysiology of the disease is not entirely understood, but hyposialylation of muscle glycans is thought to play an essential role. The typical presentation is bilateral foot drop caused by weakness of the anterior tibialis muscles with onset in early adulthood. The disease slowly progresses over the next decades to involve skeletal muscles throughout the body, with relative sparing of the quadriceps until late stages of the disease. The diagnosis of GNE myopathy should be considered in young adults presenting with bilateral foot drop. Histopathologic findings on muscle biopsies include fiber size variation, atrophic fibers, lack of inflammation, and the characteristic "rimmed" vacuoles on modified Gomori trichome staining. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of pathogenic (mostly missense) mutations in both alleles of the GNE gene. Although there is no approved therapy for this disease, preclinical and clinical studies of several potential therapies are underway, including substrate replacement and gene therapy-based strategies. However, developing therapies for GNE myopathy is complicated by several factors, including the rare incidence of disease, limited preclinical models, lack of reliable biomarkers, and slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Carrillo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - May C Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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53
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Wu Y, Yuan L, Guo Y, Lu A, Zheng W, Xu H, Yang Y, Hu P, Gu S, Wang B, Deng H. Identification of a GNE homozygous mutation in a Han-Chinese family with GNE myopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5533-5538. [PMID: 30160005 PMCID: PMC6201217 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy is a rare, recessively inherited, early adult‐onset myopathy, characterized by distal and proximal muscle degeneration which often spares the quadriceps. It is caused by mutations in the UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine 2‐epimerase/N‐acetylmannosamine kinase gene (GNE). This study aimed to identify the disease‐causing mutation in a three‐generation Han‐Chinese family with members who have been diagnosed with myopathy. A homozygous missense mutation, c.1627G>A (p.V543M) in the GNE gene co‐segregates with the myopathy present in this family. A GNE myopathy diagnosis is evidenced by characteristic clinical manifestations, rimmed vacuoles in muscle biopsies and the presence of biallelic GNE mutations. This finding broadens the GNE gene mutation spectrum and extends the GNE myopathy phenotype spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Medical Information, Information Security and Big Data Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anjie Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengzhi Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaojuan Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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54
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Su F, Miao J, Liu X, Wei X, Yu X. Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles: Spectrum of GNE gene mutations in seven Chinese patients. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1505-1512. [PMID: 30112071 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) is a rare, autosomal, recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the GNE gene. DMRV is an adult-onset disorder characterized by progressive muscle atrophy and weakness, which initially involves the distal muscles with quadriceps sparing. To date, >150 GNE mutations have been reported in different populations from around the world. The present study investigated the clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of seven unrelated DMRV patients from China. Genetic analysis in these patients revealed three novel mutations (c.455_456insC, p.P421L, and p.A287T) and five previously reported mutations (p.D207V, p.C44S, p.G576R, p.A669P, and p.D218G). In addition, the literature on DMRV was reviewed to provide an overview of the disease and broaden the mutational spectrum of the GNE gene in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Su
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wei
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xuefan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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55
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Bhattacharya S, Khadilkar SV, Nalini A, Ganapathy A, Mannan AU, Majumder PP, Bhattacharya A. Mutation Spectrum of GNE Myopathy in the Indian Sub-Continent. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 5:85-92. [PMID: 29480215 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-170270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GNE myopathy is an adult onset recessive genetic disorder that affects distal muscles sparing the quadriceps. GNE gene mutations have been identified in GNE myopathy patients all over the world. Homozygosity is a common feature in GNE myopathy patients worldwide. OBJECTIVES The major objective of this study was to investigate the mutation spectrum of GNE myopathy in India in relation to the population diversity in the country. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have collated GNE mutation data of Indian GNE myopathy patients from published literature and from recently identified patients. We also used data of people of Indian subcontinent from 1000 genomes database, South Asian Genome database and Strand Life Science database to determine frequency of GNE mutations in the general population. RESULTS A total of 67 GNE myopathy patients were studied, of whom 21% were homozygous for GNE variants, while the rest were compound heterozygous. Thirty-five different mutations in the GNE gene were recorded, of which 5 have not been reported earlier. The most frequent mutation was p.Val727Met (65%) found mainly in the heterozygous form. Another mutation, p.Ile618Thr was also common (16%) but was found mainly in patients from Rajasthan, while p.Val727Met was more widely distributed. The latter was also seen at a high frequency in general population of Indian subcontinent in all the databases. It was also present in Thailand but was absent in general population elsewhere in the world. CONCLUSION p.Val727Met is likely to be a founder mutation of Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Bhattacharya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,World Without GNE Myopathy (India), New Delhi, India
| | - Satish V Khadilkar
- Department of Neurology, Grant Government Medical College and J.J. Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Partha P Majumder
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Alok Bhattacharya
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,World Without GNE Myopathy (India), New Delhi, India
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56
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Role of IGF-1R in ameliorating apoptosis of GNE deficient cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7323. [PMID: 29743626 PMCID: PMC5943343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (SAs) are nine carbon acidic amino sugars, found at the outermost termini of glycoconjugates performing various physiological and pathological functions. SA synthesis is regulated by UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase (GNE) that catalyzes rate limiting steps. Mutations in GNE result in rare genetic disorders, GNE myopathy and Sialuria. Recent studies indicate an alternate role of GNE in cell apoptosis and adhesion, besides SA biosynthesis. In the present study, using a HEK cell-based model for GNE myopathy, the role of Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor (IGF-1R) as cell survival receptor protein was studied to counter the apoptotic effect of non-functional GNE. In the absence of functional GNE, IGF-1R was hyposialylated and transduced a downstream signal upon IGF-1 (IGF-1R ligand) treatment. IGF-1 induced activation of IGF-1R led to AKT (Protein Kinase B) phosphorylation that may phosphorylate BAD (BCL2 Associated Death Promoter) and its dissociation from BCL2 to prevent apoptosis. However, reduced ERK (Extracellular signal-regulated kinases) phosphorylation in GNE deficient cells after IGF-1 treatment suggests downregulation of the ERK pathway. A balance between the ERK and AKT pathways may determine the cell fate towards survival or apoptosis. Our study suggests that IGF-1R activation may rescue apoptotic cell death of GNE deficient cell lines and has potential as therapeutic target.
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57
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Pogoryelova O, González Coraspe JA, Nikolenko N, Lochmüller H, Roos A. GNE myopathy: from clinics and genetics to pathology and research strategies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:70. [PMID: 29720219 PMCID: PMC5930817 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GNE myopathy is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disease, which starts as a distal muscle weakness and ultimately leads to a wheelchair bound state. Molecular research and animal modelling significantly moved forward understanding of GNE myopathy mechanisms and suggested therapeutic interventions to alleviate the symptoms. Multiple therapeutic attempts are being made to supplement sialic acid depleted in GNE myopathy muscle cells. Translational research field provided valuable knowledge through natural history studies, patient registries and clinical trial, which significantly contributed to bringing forward an era of GNE myopathy treatment. In this review, we are summarising current GNE myopathy, scientific trends and open questions, which would be of significant interest for a wide neuromuscular diseases community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Pogoryelova
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Nikoletta Nikolenko
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Present Address: Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Roos
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Biomedical Research Department, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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58
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Leoyklang P, Class B, Noguchi S, Gahl WA, Carrillo N, Nishino I, Huizing M, Malicdan MC. Quantification of lectin fluorescence in GNE myopathy muscle biopsies. Muscle Nerve 2018; 58:286-292. [PMID: 29603301 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GNE myopathy is an adult-onset muscle disorder characterized by impaired sialylation of (muscle) glycans, detectable by lectin histochemistry. We describe a standardized method to quantify (lectin-) fluorescence in muscle sections, applicable for diagnosis and response to therapy for GNE myopathy. METHODS Muscle sections were fluorescently labeled with the sialic acid-binding Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) lectin and antibodies to sarcolemma residence protein caveolin-3 (CAV-3). Entire tissue sections were imaged in tiles and fluorescence was quantified. RESULTS SNA fluorescence co-localizing with CAV-3 was ∼50% decreased in GNE myopathy biopsies compared with muscle-matched controls, confirming previous qualitative results. DISCUSSION This quantitative fluorescence method can accurately determine sialylation status of GNE myopathy muscle biopsies. This method is adaptable for expression of other membrane-associated muscle proteins, and may be of benefit for disorders in which therapeutic changes in expression are subtle and difficult to assess by other methods. Muscle Nerve 58: 286-292, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petcharat Leoyklang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bld. 10, Room 10C103 Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Bradley Class
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bld. 10, Room 10C103 Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.,NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nuria Carrillo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bld. 10, Room 10C103 Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.,Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bld. 10, Room 10C103 Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - May Christine Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bld. 10, Room 10C103 Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.,NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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59
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Zhu W, Eto M, Mitsuhashi S, Takata K, Beck G, Sumi-Akamaru H, Mochizuki H, Sakoda S, Takahashi MP, Nishino I. GNE myopathy caused by a synonymous mutation leading to aberrant mRNA splicing. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 28:154-157. [PMID: 29307446 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
GNE myopathy is a rare autosomal recessive myopathy caused by bi-allelic mutations in GNE. We report the case of a 36-year-old man who presented with typical clinical and pathological features of GNE myopathy including distal dominant muscle weakness from the age of 29 and numerous rimmed vacuoles on muscle biopsy. Targeted next-generation sequencing revealed a novel synonymous mutation, c.1500A>G (p.G500=), together with a common Japanese mutation c.620A>T (p.D207V). The cDNA analysis of the biopsied muscle revealed that this synonymous mutation creates a cryptic splice donor site that causes aberrant splicing. This report will expand our understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of GNE myopathy emphasizing the importance of interpreting synonymous variants in genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (MGC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Masaki Eto
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D-4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neurology, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, 3-4-5 Nishi-iwata, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 578-8588, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (MGC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazushiro Takata
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D-4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Goichi Beck
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D-4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisae Sumi-Akamaru
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D-4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D-4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saburo Sakoda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D-4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanori P Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D-4, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (MGC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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60
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Pogoryelova O, Cammish P, Mansbach H, Argov Z, Nishino I, Skrinar A, Chan Y, Nafissi S, Shamshiri H, Kakkis E, Lochmüller H. Phenotypic stratification and genotype-phenotype correlation in a heterogeneous, international cohort of GNE myopathy patients: First report from the GNE myopathy Disease Monitoring Program, registry portion. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 28:158-168. [PMID: 29305133 PMCID: PMC5857291 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Patient registry is a valuable tool in international GNE myopathy research. The registry expands the knowledge of GNE myopathy genetics and epidemiology. The registry allows monitoring of the disease progression and discovering diversity. The data suggest possible genotype–phenotype correlation in GNE myopathy.
GNE myopathy is a rare distal myopathy, caused by mutations in the GNE gene, affecting sialic acid synthesis. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic early stage patients to severely debilitating forms. This first report describes clinical presentations and severity of the disease, using data of 150 patients collected via the on-line, patient-reported registry component of the GNE Myopathy Disease Monitoring Program (GNEM-DMP). Disease progression was prospectively analysed, over a 2-year period, using the GNE myopathy functional activity scale (GNEM-FAS). The average annual rates of decline in function were estimated at −9.6% and −3.2% in ambulant and non-ambulant patients respectively. 4.3% of participants became non-ambulant within one year. The mean time from onset to required use of a wheelchair was 11.9 years. Mean delay of genetic diagnosis from symptom onset was 5.2 years. Mutation specific analysis demonstrated genotype–phenotype relationships; i.e. p.Ala662Val may be associated with a more severe phenotype, compared to p.Val727Met. Patients with compound heterozygous mutation in epimerase and kinase domain appeared to have a more severe phenotype compared to patients with both mutations located within one domain. Acknowledging the limitations of the study, these findings suggest that the severity of the GNE mutations affects disease severity. The GNEM-DMP is a useful data collection tool, prospectively measuring the progression of GNE myopathy, which could play an important role in translational and clinical research and further understanding of genotype–phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Pogoryelova
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, UK.
| | - Phillip Cammish
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Zohar Argov
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yiumo Chan
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. Novato, CA, USA
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Shamshiri
- Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emil Kakkis
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc. Novato, CA, USA
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, UK
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61
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Xu X, Wang AQ, Latham LL, Celeste F, Ciccone C, Malicdan MC, Goldspiel B, Terse P, Cradock J, Yang N, Yorke S, McKew JC, Gahl WA, Huizing M, Carrillo N. Safety, pharmacokinetics and sialic acid production after oral administration of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) to subjects with GNE myopathy. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 122. [PMID: 28641925 PMCID: PMC5949875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
GNE myopathy is a rare, autosomal recessive, inborn error of sialic acid metabolism, caused by mutations in GNE, the gene encoding UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase. The disease manifests as an adult-onset myopathy characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy. There is no medical therapy available for this debilitating disease. Hyposialylation of muscle glycoproteins likely contributes to the pathophysiology of this disease. N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc), an uncharged monosaccharide and the first committed precursor in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway, is a therapeutic candidate that prevents muscle weakness in the mouse model of GNE myopathy. We conducted a first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-ascending dose study to evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics of ManNAc in GNE myopathy subjects. Single doses of 3 and 6g of oral ManNAc were safe and well tolerated; 10g was associated with diarrhea likely due to unabsorbed ManNAc. Oral ManNAc was absorbed rapidly and exhibited a short half-life (~2.4h). Following administration of a single dose of ManNAc, there was a significant and sustained increase in plasma unconjugated free sialic acid (Neu5Ac) (Tmax of 8-11h). Neu5Ac levels remained above baseline 48h post-dose in subjects who received a dose of 6 or 10g. Given that Neu5Ac is known to have a short half-life, the prolonged elevation of Neu5Ac after a single dose of ManNAc suggests that intracellular biosynthesis of sialic acid was restored in subjects with GNE myopathy, including those homozygous for mutations in the kinase domain. Simulated plasma concentration-time profiles support a dosing regimen of 6g twice daily for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lea L Latham
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Frank Celeste
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carla Ciccone
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - May Christine Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barry Goldspiel
- NIH Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pramod Terse
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Cradock
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nora Yang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Selwyn Yorke
- New Zealand Pharmaceuticals, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - John C McKew
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nuria Carrillo
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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62
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Garland J, Stephen J, Class B, Gruber A, Ciccone C, Poliak A, Hayes CP, Singhal V, Slota C, Perreault J, Gavrilova R, Shrader JA, Chittiboina P, Joe G, Heiss J, Gahl WA, Huizing M, Carrillo N, Malicdan MCV. Identification of an Alu element-mediated deletion in the promoter region of GNE in siblings with GNE myopathy. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:410-417. [PMID: 28717665 PMCID: PMC5511805 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GNE myopathy is a rare genetic disease characterized by progressive muscle atrophy and weakness. It is caused by biallelic mutations in the GNE gene that encodes for the bifunctional enzyme, uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 2‐epimerase/N‐acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) kinase. Typical characteristics of GNE myopathy include progressive myopathy, first involving anterior tibialis muscle and sparing the quadriceps, and rimmed vacuoles on muscle biopsy. Identifying biallelic mutations by sequencing of the GNE gene confirms the diagnosis of GNE myopathy. In a subset of patients, diagnostic confirmation is challenged by the identification of mutations in only one allele, suggesting mutations in deep intronic regions or regulatory regions. Methods We performed targeted sequencing and copy number variant (CNV) analysis of GNE in two siblings who clinically presented with GNE myopathy. Further molecular and biochemical studies were done to characterize the effect of a previously uncharacterized GNE mutation. Results We report two siblings of Indian descent with characteristic features of GNE myopathy, including progressive skeletal muscle weakness initially involving the anterior tibialis, and rimmed vacuoles on muscle biopsy, in which a heterozygous mutation, p.Val727Met, was identified in both affected siblings, but no other deleterious variants in either coding region or exon–intron boundaries of the gene. Subsequent insertion/deletion analysis identified a novel 11.3‐kb deletion (Chr9 [GRCh37]: g.36257583_36268910del) encompassing the GNE promoter region, with breakpoints residing in Alu repeats. Gene expression analysis revealed reduced GNEmRNA and protein levels, confirming decreased expression of the deleted allele harboring the deletion. Conclusions We have identified GNE as one of the genes susceptible to Alu‐mediated recombination. Our findings suggest that the deletion may encompass the promoter or another region necessary for GNE expression. In patients with typical manifestations of GNE myopathy and a single GNE variant identified, copy number variant (CNV) analysis may be useful in arriving at the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Garland
- Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA.,Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected DiseasesNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Joshi Stephen
- Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Bradley Class
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected DiseasesNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Carla Ciccone
- Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Aaron Poliak
- Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Christina P Hayes
- Surgical Neurology BranchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Vandana Singhal
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected DiseasesNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Christina Slota
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected DiseasesNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - John Perreault
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected DiseasesNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA.,Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Ralitza Gavrilova
- Clinical Genomics and Department of NeurologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Joseph A Shrader
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineClinical CenterNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Prashant Chittiboina
- Surgical Neurology BranchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Galen Joe
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineClinical CenterNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - John Heiss
- Surgical Neurology BranchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA.,NIH Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramCommon FundOffice of the DirectorNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA.,Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nuria Carrillo
- Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA.,Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected DiseasesNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA.,NIH Undiagnosed Diseases ProgramCommon FundOffice of the DirectorNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA.,Office of the Clinical DirectorNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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63
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Harada H, Kai H, Shibata R, Niiyama H, Nishiyama Y, Murohara T, Yoshida N, Katoh A, Ikeda H. New diagnostic index for sarcopenia in patients with cardiovascular diseases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178123. [PMID: 28542531 PMCID: PMC5436875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an aging and disease-related syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, with the risk of frailty and poor quality of life. Sarcopenia is diagnosed by a decrease in skeletal muscle index (SMI) and reduction of either handgrip strength or gait speed. However, measurement of SMI is difficult for general physicians because it requires special equipment for bioelectrical impedance assay or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to explore a novel, simple diagnostic method of sarcopenia evaluation in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS We retrospectively investigated 132 inpatients with CVD (age: 72±12 years, age range: 27-93 years, males: 61%) Binomial logistic regression and correlation analyses were used to assess the associations of sarcopenia with simple physical data and biomarkers, including muscle-related inflammation makers and nutritional markers. RESULTS Sarcopenia was present in 29.5% of the study population. Serum concentrations of adiponectin and sialic acid were significantly higher in sarcopenic than non-sarcopenic CVD patients. Stepwise multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that adiponectin, sialic acid, sex, age, and body mass index were independent factors for sarcopenia detection. Sarcopenia index, obtained from the diagnostic regression formula for sarcopenia detection including the five independent factors, indicated a high accuracy in ROC curve analysis (sensitivity 94.9%, specificity 69.9%) and the cutoff value for sarcopenia detection was -1.6134. Sarcopenia index had a significant correlation with the conventional diagnostic parameters of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Our new sarcopenia index using simple parameters would be useful for diagnosing sarcopenia in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhito Harada
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hisashi Kai
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niiyama
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Yoshida
- Institute of Health and Sports Sciences, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Atsushi Katoh
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hisao Ikeda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Fukuoka Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Omuta, Japan
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64
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Abeln M, Borst KM, Cajic S, Thiesler H, Kats E, Albers I, Kuhn M, Kaever V, Rapp E, Münster-Kühnel A, Weinhold B. Sialylation Is Dispensable for Early Murine Embryonic Development in Vitro. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1305-1316. [PMID: 28374933 PMCID: PMC5502888 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The negatively charged nonulose sialic acid (Sia) is essential for murine development in vivo. In order to elucidate the impact of sialylation on differentiation processes in the absence of maternal influences, we generated mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines that lack CMP‐Sia synthetase (CMAS) and thereby the ability to activate Sia to CMP‐Sia. Loss of CMAS activity resulted in an asialo cell surface accompanied by an increase in glycoconjugates with terminal galactosyl and oligo‐LacNAc residues, as well as intracellular accumulation of free Sia. Remarkably, these changes did not impact intracellular metabolites or the morphology and transcriptome of pluripotent mESC lines. Moreover, the capacity of Cmas−/− mESCs for undirected differentiation into embryoid bodies, germ layer formation and even the generation of beating cardiomyocytes provides first and conclusive evidence that pluripotency and differentiation of mESC in vitro can proceed in the absence of (poly)sialoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Abeln
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristina M Borst
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elina Kats
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Iris Albers
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Kuhn
- TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, A joint venture between Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.,glyXera GmbH, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja Münster-Kühnel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Weinhold
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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65
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GNE myopathy in a Chinese male with a novel homozygous mutation. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 39:68-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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66
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Pham ND, Pang PC, Krishnamurthy S, Wands AM, Grassi P, Dell A, Haslam SM, Kohler JJ. Effects of altered sialic acid biosynthesis on N-linked glycan branching and cell surface interactions. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9637-9651. [PMID: 28424265 PMCID: PMC5465488 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GNE (UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase) myopathy is a rare muscle disorder associated with aging and is related to sporadic inclusion body myositis, the most common acquired muscle disease of aging. Although the cause of sporadic inclusion body myositis is unknown, GNE myopathy is associated with mutations in GNE. GNE harbors two enzymatic activities required for biosynthesis of sialic acid in mammalian cells. Mutations to both GNE domains are linked to GNE myopathy. However, correlation between mutation-associated reductions in sialic acid production and disease severity is imperfect. To investigate other potential effects of GNE mutations, we compared sialic acid production in cell lines expressing wild type or mutant forms of GNE. Although we did not detect any differences attributable to disease-associated mutations, lectin binding and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that GNE deficiency is associated with unanticipated effects on the structure of cell-surface glycans. In addition to exhibiting low levels of sialylation, GNE-deficient cells produced distinct N-linked glycan structures with increased branching and extended poly-N-acetyllactosamine. GNE deficiency may affect levels of UDP-GlcNAc, a key metabolite in the nutrient-sensing hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, but this modest effect did not fully account for the change in N-linked glycan structure. Furthermore, GNE deficiency and glucose supplementation acted independently and additively to increase N-linked glycan branching. Notably, N-linked glycans produced by GNE-deficient cells displayed enhanced binding to galectin-1, indicating that changes in GNE activity can alter affinity of cell-surface glycoproteins for the galectin lattice. These findings suggest an unanticipated mechanism by which GNE activity might affect signaling through cell-surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam D Pham
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038 and
| | - Poh-Choo Pang
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Soumya Krishnamurthy
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038 and
| | - Amberlyn M Wands
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038 and
| | - Paola Grassi
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J Kohler
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038 and
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67
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Slota C, Bevans M, Yang L, Shrader J, Joe G, Carrillo N. Patient reported outcomes in GNE myopathy: incorporating a valid assessment of physical function in a rare disease. Disabil Rehabil 2017. [PMID: 28637129 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1283712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the psychometric properties of three patient reported outcome (PRO) measures characterizing physical function in GNE myopathy: the Human Activity Profile, the Inclusion Body Myositis Functional Rating Scale, and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale. METHODS This analysis used data from 35 GNE myopathy subjects participating in a natural history study. For construct validity, correlational and known-group analyses were between the PROs and physical assessments. Reliability of the PROs between baseline and 6 months was evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient model; internal consistency was tested with Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS The hypothesized moderate positive correlations for construct validity were supported; the strongest correlation was between the human activity profile adjusted activity score and the adult myopathy assessment endurance subscale score (r = 0.81; p < 0.0001). The PROs were able to discriminate between known high and low functioning groups for the adult myopathy assessment tool. Internal consistency of the PROs was high (α > 0.8) and there was strong reliability (ICC >0.62). CONCLUSION The PROs are valid and reliable measures of physical function in GNE myopathy and should be incorporated in investigations to better understand the impact of progressive muscle weakness on physical function in this rare disease population. Implications for Rehabilitation GNE myopathy is a rare muscle disease that results in slow progressive muscle atrophy and weakness, ultimately leading to wheelchair use and dependence on a caregiver. There is limited knowledge on the impact of this disease on the health-related quality of life, specifically physical function, of this rare disease population. Three patient reported outcomes have been shown to be valid and reliable in GNE myopathy subjects and should be incorporated in future investigations to better understand how progressive muscle weakness impacts physical functions in this rare disease population. The patient reported outcome scores of GNE myopathy patients indicate a high risk for falls and impaired physical functioning, so it is important clinicians assess and provide interventions for these subjects to maintain their functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Slota
- a Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases , National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,b RTI Health Solutions , NC , USA
| | - Margaret Bevans
- c National Institutes of Health Clinical Center , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Li Yang
- c National Institutes of Health Clinical Center , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Joseph Shrader
- d Rehabilitation Medicine Department , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Galen Joe
- d Rehabilitation Medicine Department , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Nuria Carrillo
- a Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases , National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,e National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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68
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Khadilkar SV, Nallamilli BRR, Bhutada A, Hegde M, Gandhi K, Faldu HD, Patil SB. A report on GNE myopathy: Individuals of Rajasthan ancestry share the Roma gene. J Neurol Sci 2017; 375:239-240. [PMID: 28320138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish V Khadilkar
- Department of Neurology, Grant Government Medical College and J.J. Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400008, India.
| | | | - Ashish Bhutada
- Department of Neurology, Grant Government Medical College and J.J. Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400008, India
| | - Madhuri Hegde
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Khanjan Gandhi
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hinaben Dayalal Faldu
- Department of Neurology, Grant Government Medical College and J.J. Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400008, India
| | - Sarika Bapuso Patil
- Department of Neurology, Grant Government Medical College and J.J. Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400008, India
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Zhu W, Mitsuhashi S, Yonekawa T, Noguchi S, Huei JCY, Nalini A, Preethish-Kumar V, Yamamoto M, Murakata K, Mori-Yoshimura M, Kamada S, Yahikozawa H, Karasawa M, Kimura S, Yamashita F, Nishino I. Missing genetic variations in GNE myopathy: rearrangement hotspots encompassing 5'UTR and founder allele. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:159-166. [PMID: 27829678 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
GNE myopathy is an autosomal recessive distal myopathy caused by loss-of-function mutations in the GNE gene, which encodes UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase (GNE), a key enzyme in sialic-acid biosynthesis. By comprehensive screening of manifesting patients using a fine-mapped targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), we identified copy number variations (CNVs) in 13 patients from 11 unrelated families. The nine unique CNVs largely vary in size from 0.3 to 72 kb. Over half of the cases carry different deletions spanning merely exon 2, which contains the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the muscle major transcript hGNE1. Of most unique CNVs, either the telomeric or the centromeric breakpoint locates within intron 2, indicating rearrangement hotspots. Haplotype analysis suggested the existence of a founder allele with exon 2 deletion. The breakpoints for all CNVs were determined by long-range PCR and sequencing. All of the breakpoints of gross deletion/duplications reside within directly oriented pairs of Alu repeats. The results of this study firstly widen the spectra of mutations to CNVs encompassing 5'UTR, underscoring the pivotal role of the hGNE1 transcript. Alu-mediated non-recurrent CNVs may have been overlooked in a wide variety of recessive phenotypes, especially in those associated with genomic Alu-rich genes such as GNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (MGC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (MGC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yonekawa
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (MGC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Veeramani Preethish-Kumar
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kenji Murakata
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kamada
- Department of Neurology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | | | - Seigo Kimura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center (MGC), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Deng W, Ednie AR, Qi J, Bennett ES. Aberrant sialylation causes dilated cardiomyopathy and stress-induced heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:57. [PMID: 27506532 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the third most common cause of heart failure, is often associated with arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death if not controlled. The majority of DCM is of unknown etiology. Protein sialylation is altered in human DCM, with responsible mechanisms not yet described. Here we sought to investigate the impact of clinically relevant changes in sialylation on cardiac function using a novel model for altered glycoprotein sialylation that leads to DCM and to chronic stress-induced heart failure (HF), deletion of the sialyltransferase, ST3Gal4. We previously reported that 12- to 20-week-old ST3Gal4 (-/-) mice showed aberrant cardiac voltage-gated ion channel sialylation and gating that contribute to a pro-arrhythmogenic phenotype. Here, echocardiography supported by histology revealed modest dilated and thinner-walled left ventricles without increased fibrosis in ST3Gal4 (-/-) mice starting at 1 year of age. Cardiac calcineurin expression in younger (16-20 weeks old) ST3Gal4 (-/-) hearts was significantly reduced compared to WT. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was used as a chronic stressor on the younger mice to determine whether the ability to compensate against a pathologic insult is compromised in the ST3Gal4 (-/-) heart, as suggested by previous reports describing the functional implications of reduced cardiac calcineurin levels. TAC'd ST3Gal4 (-/-) mice presented with significantly reduced systolic function and ventricular dilation that deteriorated into congestive HF within 6 weeks post-surgery, while constricted WT hearts remained well-adapted throughout (ejection fraction, ST3Gal4 (-/-) = 34 ± 5.2 %; WT = 53.8 ± 7.4 %; p < 0.05). Thus, a novel, sialo-dependent model for DCM/HF is described in which clinically relevant reduced sialylation results in increased arrhythmogenicity and reduced cardiac calcineurin levels that precede cardiomyopathy and TAC-induced HF, suggesting a causal link among aberrant sialylation, chronic arrhythmia, reduced calcineurin levels, DCM in the absence of a pathologic stimulus, and stress-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, MDC 8, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA
| | - Andrew R Ednie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, MDC 8, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA
| | - Jianyong Qi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, MDC 8, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA.,Intensive Care Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric S Bennett
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, MDC 8, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA.
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71
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GNE Myopathy in Turkish Sisters with a Novel Homozygous Mutation. Case Rep Neurol Med 2016; 2016:8647645. [PMID: 27298745 PMCID: PMC4889787 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8647645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Hereditary inclusion body myopathy is caused by biallelic defects in the GNE gene located on chromosome 9p13. It generally affects adults older than 20 years of age. Methods and Results. In this study, we present two Turkish sisters with progressive myopathy and describe a novel mutation in the GNE gene. Both sisters had slightly higher levels of creatine kinase (CK) and muscle weakness. The older sister presented at 38 years of age with an inability to climb steps, weakness, and a steppage gait. Her younger sister was 36 years old and had similar symptoms. The first symptoms of the disorder were seen when the sisters were 30 and 34 years old, respectively. The muscle biopsy showed primary myopathic features and presence of rimmed vacuoles. DNA analysis demonstrated the presence of previously unknown homozygous mutations [c.2152 G>A (p.A718T)] in the GNE genes. Conclusion. Based on our literature survey, we believe that ours is the first confirmed case of primary GNE myopathy with a novel missense mutation in Turkey. These patients illustrate that the muscle biopsy is still an important method for the differential diagnosis of vacuolar myopathies in that the detection of inclusions is required for the definitive diagnosis.
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72
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Bennmann D, Weidemann W, Thate A, Kreuzmann D, Horstkorte R. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation disrupts GNE enzyme activity in GNE myopathy. FEBS J 2016; 283:2285-94. [PMID: 27037841 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) is the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of sialic acids. Sialic acids are terminal monosaccharides of glycoconjugates and gangliosides, which have an essential influence on various cell interactions. The sialylation of proteins varies during development, aging, and pathogenesis of degenerative diseases such as Morbus Alzheimer, diabetes mellitus type II, or myopathies. Mutation of methionine 743 in the GNE leads to a 30% reduction of the enzyme activity and is responsible for an aggressive form of GNE myopathy. GNE myopathy or hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) is an age-dependent muscular dystrophy. Here, we analyzed the impact of the exchange of methionine to threonine at position 743 which introduces an additional potential phosphorylation/O-GlcNAcylation site. We found increased O-GlcNAcylation of the M743T variant compared to the wild-type GNE. In addition, removal of the O-GlcNAc of the M743T variant resulted in an increased activity comparable to activity of the wild-type GNE. Furthermore, the half-life of the M743T variant is two times longer than for the wild-type GNE protein. This study provides that the balance of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation is decisive involved in efficiency and regulation of GNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Bennmann
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wenke Weidemann
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annett Thate
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Denise Kreuzmann
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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73
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The Interaction of UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine 2-Epimerase/N-Acetylmannosamine Kinase (GNE) and Alpha-Actinin 2 Is Altered in GNE Myopathy M743T Mutant. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2928-2938. [PMID: 27023225 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) is the gene mutated in GNE myopathy. In an attempt to elucidate GNE functions that could account for the muscle pathophysiology of this disorder, the interaction of GNE with α-actinins has been investigated. Surface plasmon resonance and microscale thermophoresis analysis revealed, that in vitro, GNE interacts with α-actinin 2, and that this interaction has a 10-fold higher affinity compared to the GNE-α-actinin 1 interaction. Further, GNE carrying the M743T mutation, the most frequent mutation in GNE myopathy, has a 10-fold lower binding affinity to α-actinin 2 than intact GNE. It is possible that this decrease eventually affects the interaction, thus causing functional imbalance of this complex in skeletal muscle that could contribute to the myopathy phenotype. In vivo, using bi-molecular fluorescent complementation, we show the specific binding of the two proteins inside the intact cell, in a unique interaction pattern between the two partners. This interaction is disrupted in the absence of the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of α-actinin 2, which is altered in α-actinin 1. Moreover, the binding of GNE to α-actinin 2 prevents additional binding of α-actinin 1 but not vice versa. These results suggest that the interaction between GNE and α-actinin 1 and α-actinin 2 occur at different sites in the α-actinin molecules and that for α-actinin 2 the interaction site is located at the C-terminus of the protein.
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74
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Mechanism and inhibition of human UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, the key enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23274. [PMID: 26980148 PMCID: PMC4793188 DOI: 10.1038/srep23274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bifunctional enzyme UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase (GNE) plays a key role in sialic acid production. It is different from the non-hydrolyzing enzymes for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, and it is feed-back inhibited by the downstream product CMP-Neu5Ac. Here the complex crystal structure of the N-terminal epimerase part of human GNE shows a tetramer in which UDP binds to the active site and CMP-Neu5Ac binds to the dimer-dimer interface. The enzyme is locked in a tightly closed conformation. By comparing the UDP-binding modes of the non-hydrolyzing and hydrolyzing UDP-GlcNAc epimerases, we propose a possible explanation for the mechanistic difference. While the epimerization reactions of both enzymes are similar, Arg113 and Ser302 of GNE are likely involved in product hydrolysis. On the other hand, the CMP-Neu5Ac binding mode clearly elucidates why mutations in Arg263 and Arg266 can cause sialuria. Moreover, full-length modelling suggests a channel for ManNAc trafficking within the bifunctional enzyme.
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75
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Willems AP, van Engelen BGM, Lefeber DJ. Genetic defects in the hexosamine and sialic acid biosynthesis pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:1640-54. [PMID: 26721333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation are caused by defects in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. Classically, gene defects with multisystem disease have been identified in the ubiquitously expressed glycosyltransferases required for protein N-glycosylation. An increasing number of defects are being described in sugar supply pathways for protein glycosylation with tissue-restricted clinical symptoms. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we address the hexosamine and sialic acid biosynthesis pathways in sugar metabolism. GFPT1, PGM3 and GNE are essential for synthesis of nucleotide sugars uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and cytidine-5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-sialic acid) as precursors for various glycosylation pathways. Defects in these enzymes result in contrasting clinical phenotypes of congenital myasthenia, immunodeficiency or adult-onset myopathy, respectively. We therefore discuss the biochemical mechanisms of known genetic defects in the hexosamine and CMP-sialic acid synthesis pathway in relation to the clinical phenotypes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Both UDP-GlcNAc and CMP-sialic acid are important precursors for diverse protein glycosylation reactions and for conversion into other nucleotide-sugars. Defects in the synthesis of these nucleotide sugars might affect a wide range of protein glycosylation reactions. Involvement of multiple glycosylation pathways might contribute to disease phenotype, but the currently available biochemical information on sugar metabolism is insufficient to understand why defects in these pathways present with tissue-specific phenotypes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Future research on the interplay between sugar metabolism and different glycosylation pathways in a tissue- and cell-specific manner will contribute to elucidation of disease mechanisms and will create new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke P Willems
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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76
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Zhao J, Wang Z, Hong D, Lv H, Zhang W, Chen J, Yuan Y. Mutational spectrum and clinical features in 35 unrelated mainland Chinese patients with GNE myopathy. J Neurol Sci 2015; 354:21-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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77
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Cerino M, Gorokhova S, Béhin A, Urtizberea JA, Kergourlay V, Salvo E, Bernard R, Lévy N, Bartoli M, Krahn M. Novel Pathogenic Variants in a French Cohort Widen the Mutational Spectrum of GNE Myopathy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2015; 2:131-136. [PMID: 27858732 PMCID: PMC5278624 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-150074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: GNE myopathy is a rare autosomal recessively inherited muscle disease resulting from mutations in the gene encoding GNE (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase), a key enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis. 154 different pathogenic variants have been previously associated with GNE myopathy. Objective: Describe novel pathogenic variants associated with GNE myopathy in a large French cohort. Methods: We analyzed mutational data from 32 GNE myopathy index patients. Novel, as well as previously published pathogenic variants, were examined for possible deleterious effects on splicing. Results: We describe 13 novel pathogenic variants in GNE, identified in the first large French cohort reported to date. We also find that 6 published pathogenic variants might have a previously unrecognized deleterious effect on splicing. Conclusions: Novel pathogenic GNE variants described here raise the total number of different pathogenic variants reported to 167, complementing the recently published GNE mutation update. Our novel findings on possible splice-disrupting effects by several variants suggest that the pathogenicity mechanism of these variants could be reinterpreted, expanding our knowledge about the GNE mutational spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Cerino
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France.,APHM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Svetlana Gorokhova
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Béhin
- Institut de Myologie, APHP, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Eric Salvo
- APHM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Rafaëlle Bernard
- APHM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 13385, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marc Bartoli
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France.,APHM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Krahn
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, 13385, Marseille, France.,APHM, Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 13385, Marseille, France
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78
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Singh R, Arya R. GNE Myopathy and Cell Apoptosis: A Comparative Mutation Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3088-3101. [PMID: 25976366 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In a number of genetic disorders such as GNE myopathy, it is not clear how mutations in target genes result in disease phenotype. GNE myopathy is a progressive neuro-degenerative disorder associated with homozygous or compound heterozygous missense mutations in either epimerase or kinase domain of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase (GNE). This bifunctional enzyme catalyses the rate limiting step in sialic acid biosynthesis. Many mechanisms have been suggested as possible cause of muscle degeneration. These include hyposialylation of critical proteins, defects in cytoskeletal network, sarcomere organization and apoptosis. In order to elucidate the role of GNE in cell apoptosis, we have used HEK cell-based model system overexpressing pathologically relevant GNE mutations. These cells display a reduction in the levels of sialic acid-bound glycoconjugates. These mutants GNE overexpressing cells have defect in cell proliferation as compared to vector or wild-type GNE (wtGNE) controls. Moreover, effect of different GNE mutations on cell apoptosis was also observed using staining with annexin V-FITC and TUNEL assay. The downstream apoptosis signalling pathway involving activation of caspases and increased PARP cleavage were observed in all GNE mutant cell lines. In addition, morpho-structural changes in mitochondria in cells overexpressing different GNE mutants were noticed by transmission electron microscopy, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential was found to be altered in absence of functional GNE. Our results clearly indicate role of GNE in mitochondria-dependent cell apoptosis and provide insights into the pathomechanism of GNE myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ranjana Arya
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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79
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de Dios JKL, Shrader JA, Joe GO, McClean JC, Williams K, Evers R, Malicdan MCV, Ciccone C, Mankodi A, Huizing M, McKew JC, Bluemke DA, Gahl WA, Carrillo-Carrasco N. Atypical presentation of GNE myopathy with asymmetric hand weakness. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:1063-7. [PMID: 25182749 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
GNE myopathy is a rare autosomal recessive muscle disease caused by mutations in GNE, the gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis. GNE myopathy usually manifests in early adulthood with distal myopathy that progresses slowly and symmetrically, first involving distal muscles of the lower extremities, followed by proximal muscles with relative sparing of the quadriceps. Upper extremities are typically affected later in the disease. We report a patient with GNE myopathy who presented with asymmetric hand weakness. He had considerably decreased left grip strength, atrophy of the left anterior forearm and fibro-fatty tissue replacement of left forearm flexor muscles on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was an endoscopist and thus the asymmetric hand involvement may be associated with left hand overuse in daily repetitive pinching and gripping movements, highlighting the possible impact of environmental factors on the progression of genetic muscle conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Karl L de Dios
- Medical Genetics Branch (MGB), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | | | - Galen O Joe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, USA
| | | | - Kayla Williams
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, USA
| | - Robert Evers
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, NIH Clinical Center, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch (MGB), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Carla Ciccone
- Medical Genetics Branch (MGB), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Ami Mankodi
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch (MGB), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - John C McKew
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases (TRND), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, USA
| | | | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch (MGB), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Nuria Carrillo-Carrasco
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases (TRND), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, USA.
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