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Lv Y, Wang X, Huang J, Zhang W, Zhu M, Dekyi K, Zhang Y, Zheng L, Li H. Sialic acid in human milk and infant formulas in China: concentration, distribution and type. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1506-1512. [PMID: 38178715 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This study compared the concentrations, types and distributions of sialic acid (SA) in human milk at different stages of the postnatal period with those in a range of infant formulas. Breast milk from mothers of healthy, full-term and exclusively breastfed infants was collected on the 2nd (n 246), 7th (n 135), 30th (n 85) and 90th (n 48) day after birth. The SA profiles of human milk, including their distribution, were analysed and compared with twenty-four different infant formulas. Outcome of this observational study was the result of natural exposure. Only SA of type Neu5Ac was detected in human milk. Total SA concentrations were highest in colostrum and reduced significantly over the next 3 months. Approximately 68·7–76·1 % of all SA in human milk were bound to oligosaccharides. Two types of SA, Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc, have been detected in infant formulas. Most SA was present in infant formulas combined with protein. Breastfed infants could receive more SA than formula-fed infants with the same energy intake. Overall, human milk is a preferable source of SA than infant formulas in terms of total SA content, dynamics, distribution and type. These SA profiles in the natural state are worth to be considered by the production of formulas because they may have a great effect on infant nutrition and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Quanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361015, People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361015, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Meizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelsang Dekyi
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, People's Republic of China
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Li M, Arjomandi A, Sun X, Lu E, Tyagi T, Lin W, Fischer SK, Kaur S, Xu K. Novel Selective Quantification of Zinpentraxin Alfa Biotherapeutic in the Presence of Endogenous Isomer in Plasma Samples of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients Using Immunoaffinity LC-MS. AAPS J 2023; 26:9. [PMID: 38114736 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fatal interstitial lung disease that affects three million patients worldwide and currently without an effective cure. Zinpentraxin alfa, a recombinant human pentraxin-2 (rhPTX-2) protein, has been evaluated as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of IPF. Clinical pharmacokinetic analysis of zinpentraxin alfa has been challenging historically due to interference from serum amyloid P component (SAP), an endogenous human pentraxin-2 protein. These molecules share an identical primary amino acid sequence and glycan composition; however, zinpentraxin alfa possesses α2,3-linked terminal sialic acid residues while SAP is an α2,6-linked isomer. By taking advantage of this only structural difference, we developed a novel assay strategy where α2,3-sialidase was used to selectively hydrolyze α2,3-linked sialic acid residues, resulting in desialylated zinpentraxin alfa versus unchanged sialylated SAP, following an immunoaffinity capture step. Subsequent tryptic digestion produced a unique surrogate asialo-glycopeptide from zinpentraxin alfa and allowed specific quantification of the biotherapeutic in human plasma. In addition, a common peptide shared by both molecules was selected as a surrogate to determine total hPTX-2 concentrations, i.e., sum of zinpentraxin alfa and SAP. The quantification methods for both zinpentraxin alfa and total hPTX-2 were validated and used in pharmacokinetic assessment in IPF patients. The preliminary results suggest that endogenous SAP levels remained largely constant in IPF patients throughout the treatment with zinpentraxin alfa. Our novel approach provides a general bioanalytical strategy to selectively quantify α2,3-sialylated glycoproteins in the presence of their corresponding α2,6-linked isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyin Li
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Audrey Arjomandi
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Bioanalytical Services, Frontage Laboratories, Inc., 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania, 19341, USA
| | - Erhu Lu
- Bioanalytical Services, Frontage Laboratories, Inc., 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania, 19341, USA
| | - Tulika Tyagi
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - WeiYu Lin
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Saloumeh K Fischer
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Surinder Kaur
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Keyang Xu
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
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Feng D, Wang D, Wang D, Zhong Q, Li G, Zhang L, Chen N, Lin X, Miao S. Stable isotope ratio analysis of carbon to distinguish sialic acid from freshly stewed bird's nest products. Anal Methods 2022; 14:4386-4392. [PMID: 36281988 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01152b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Freshly stewed bird's nest products are easily adulterated with exogenous synthetic sialic acid to enhance the grade of the products and sell at high prices. This paper identifies the carbon stable isotope characteristics of sialic acid from natural and commercially synthetic sources using stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Specifically, an off-line pretreatment technique combined with on-line LC-IRMS was developed to accurately determine δ13C values of sialic acid in a freshly stewed bird's nest. This method has no obvious isotope fractionation and good reproducibility. EA-IRMS was used to determine the δ13C values of commercial sialic acid. The results showed that the δ13C values of sialic acid from natural and synthetic sources were -29.90% ± 0.42% and -16.26% ± 3.91%, respectively, with distinct carbon stable isotope distribution characteristics. By defining a δ13C threshold value of -28.54% for natural SA, additional commercial SA from a minimum of 10% can be identified. Therefore, δ13C was proposed as a suitable tool for verifying the authenticity of fresh stewed bird's nests on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- Technology Innovation Center of Light Industrial Consumer Goods Quality and Safety, Beijing 100015, China.
- Sinolight Technology Innovation Center Co. Ltd, Beijing 100015, China
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Daobing Wang
- Technology Innovation Center of Light Industrial Consumer Goods Quality and Safety, Beijing 100015, China.
- Sinolight Technology Innovation Center Co. Ltd, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Beijing Xiaoxiandun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China
- Hebei Edible Bird's Nest Fresh Stew Technology Innovation Center, Langfang 065700, China
| | - Qiding Zhong
- Technology Innovation Center of Light Industrial Consumer Goods Quality and Safety, Beijing 100015, China.
- Sinolight Technology Innovation Center Co. Ltd, Beijing 100015, China
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, China
- Sinolight Inspection & Certification Co., Ltd., Beijing 100016, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Technology Innovation Center of Light Industrial Consumer Goods Quality and Safety, Beijing 100015, China.
- Sinolight Technology Innovation Center Co. Ltd, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Luoqi Zhang
- Technology Innovation Center of Light Industrial Consumer Goods Quality and Safety, Beijing 100015, China.
- Sinolight Technology Innovation Center Co. Ltd, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Food Industry Promotion Center, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaoxian Lin
- Beijing Xiaoxiandun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China
- Hebei Edible Bird's Nest Fresh Stew Technology Innovation Center, Langfang 065700, China
| | - Shu Miao
- Beijing Xiaoxiandun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China
- Hebei Edible Bird's Nest Fresh Stew Technology Innovation Center, Langfang 065700, China
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Abstract
The human brain grows rapidly in early life which requires adequate nutrition. Human milk provides optimal nutrition for the developing brain, and breastfeeding significantly improves the cognition development of infants. These benefits have been largely attributed to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), associated with sialic acid (Sia). Subsequently, sialylated HMOS present a vital source of exogenous Sia to infants. Sialic acid is a key molecule essential for proper development of gangliosides, and therefore critical in brain development and function. Recent pre-clinical studies suggest dietary supplementation with Sia or sialylated oligosaccharides enhances intelligence and cognition performance in early and later life. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests the involvement of Sia in brain homeostasis and disbalance correlates with common pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, this review will discuss early brain health and development and the role of Sia in this process. Additionally, studies associating breastfeeding and specific HMOS to benefits in cognitive development are critically assessed. Furthermore, the review will assess studies implying the potential role of HMOS and microbiota in brain development via the gut-brain axis. Finally, the review will summarize recent advances regarding the role of Sia in neurodegenerative disease in later life and potential roles of dietary Sia sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Bella Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esmée D'Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Sophia Bunn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S van Leeuwen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sector Human Nutrition and Health, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Esther CR, O'Neal WK, Anderson WH, Kesimer M, Ceppe A, Doerschuk CM, Alexis NE, Hastie AT, Barr RG, Bowler RP, Wells JM, Oelsner EC, Comellas AP, Tesfaigzi Y, Kim V, Paulin LM, Cooper CB, Han MK, Huang YJ, Labaki WW, Curtis JL, Boucher RC. Identification of Sputum Biomarkers Predictive of Pulmonary Exacerbations in COPD. Chest 2022; 161:1239-1249. [PMID: 34801592 PMCID: PMC9131049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved understanding of the pathways associated with airway pathophysiologic features in COPD will identify new predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. RESEARCH QUESTION Which physiologic pathways are altered in the airways of patients with COPD and will predict exacerbations? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We applied a mass spectrometric panel of metabolomic biomarkers related to mucus hydration and inflammation to sputa from the multicenter Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study. Biomarkers elevated in sputa from patients with COPD were evaluated for relationships to measures of COPD disease severity and their ability to predict future exacerbations. RESULTS Sputum supernatants from 980 patients were analyzed: 77 healthy nonsmokers, 341 smokers with preserved spirometry, and 562 patients with COPD (178 with Global Initiative on Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage 1 disease, 303 with GOLD stage 2 disease, and 81 with GOLD stage 3 disease) were analyzed. Biomarkers from multiple pathways were elevated in COPD and correlated with sputum neutrophil counts. Among the most significant analytes (false discovery rate, 0.1) were sialic acid, hypoxanthine, xanthine, methylthioadenosine, adenine, and glutathione. Sialic acid and hypoxanthine were associated strongly with measures of disease severity, and elevation of these biomarkers was associated with shorter time to exacerbation and improved prediction models of future exacerbations. INTERPRETATION Biomarker evaluation implicated pathways involved in mucus hydration, adenosine metabolism, methionine salvage, and oxidative stress in COPD airway pathophysiologic characteristics. Therapies that target these pathways may be of benefit in COPD, and a simple model adding sputum-soluble phase biomarkers improves prediction of pulmonary exacerbations. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01969344; URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Esther
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Wayne H Anderson
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Agathe Ceppe
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - J Michael Wells
- Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Elizabeth C Oelsner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Victor Kim
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura M Paulin
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yvonne J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Wassim W Labaki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI; Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Hirschberg D, Ekman B, Wahlberg J, Landberg E. Altered immunoglobulin G glycosylation in patients with isolated hyperprolactinaemia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247805. [PMID: 33635916 PMCID: PMC7909626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin is a peptide hormone produced in the anterior pituitary, which increase in several physiological and pathological situations. It is unclear if hyperprolactinaemia may affect glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Twenty-five patients with hyperprolactinemia and 22 healthy control subjects were included in the study. The groups had similar age and gender distribution. A panel of hormonal and haematological analyses, creatinine, glucose, liver enzymes and immunoglobulins were measured by routine clinical methods. IgG was purified from serum by Protein G Sepharose. Sialic acid was released from IgG by use of neuraminidase followed by quantification on high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Tryptic glycopeptides of IgG was analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Hormone and immunoglobulin levels were similar in the two groups, except for IgA and prolactin. Significantly higher IgG1 and IgG2/3 galactosylation was found in the patient group with hyperprolactinaemia compared to controls. (A significant correlation between prolactin and IgG2/3 galactosylation (Rs 0.61, p<0.001) was found for samples with prolactin values below 2000 mIU/L. The relative amount of sialylated and bisecting glycans on IgG did not differ between patients and controls. The four macroprolactinaemic patients showed decreased relative amount of bisecting IgG2/3 glycans. Hyperprolactinaemia was found to be associated with increased galactosylation of IgG1and IgG2/3. This may have impact on IgG interactions with Fc-receptors, complement and lectins, and consequently lead to an altered immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertil Ekman
- Department of Endocrinology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Wahlberg
- Department of Endocrinology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Landberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Dold JEGA, Wittmann V. Metabolic Glycoengineering with Azide- and Alkene-Modified Hexosamines: Quantification of Sialic Acid Levels. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1243-1251. [PMID: 33180370 PMCID: PMC8048827 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) is an established method to incorporate chemical reporter groups into cellular glycans for subsequent bioorthogonal labeling. The method has found broad application for the visualization and isolation of glycans allowing their biological roles to be probed. Furthermore, targeting of drugs to cancer cells that present high concentrations of sialic acids on their surface is an attractive approach. We report the application of a labeling reaction using 1,2‐diamino‐4,5‐methylenedioxybenzene for the quantification of sialic acid derivates after MGE with various azide‐ and alkene‐modified ManNAc, GlcNAc, and GalNAc derivatives. We followed the time course of sialic acid production and were able to detect sialic acids modified with the chemical reporter group – not only after addition of ManNAc derivatives to the cell culture. A cyclopropane‐modified ManNAc derivative, being a model for the corresponding cyclopropene analog, which undergoes fast inverse‐electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reactions with 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines, resulted in the highest incorporation efficiency. Furthermore, we investigated whether feeding the cells with natural and unnatural ManNAc derivative results in increased levels of sialic acids and found that this is strongly dependent on the investigated cell type and cell fraction. For HEK 293T cells, a strong increase in free sialic acids in the cell interior was found, whereas cell‐surface sialic acid levels are only moderately increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias E. G. A. Dold
- University of KonstanzDepartment of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)78457KonstanzGermany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- University of KonstanzDepartment of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)78457KonstanzGermany
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Liou LB, Huang CC. Reverse expression of α2,6-sialic acid ratios on IgG, IgM, and IgG/IgM autoantibodies correlates with mouse arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:1079-1086. [PMID: 33009208 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialic acids (SIAs), for example, α2,6-SIAs, can link to conserved N-glycans of immunoglobulin G (IgG). In this study, we investigated the correlation between α2,6-SIA on IgG and IgM and the disease activity of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in mice. METHODS We measured α2,6-SIA levels in IgGs and IgMs in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Additionally, α2,6-SIA levels in rheumatoid factors (RFs) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies in RA patients were measured. Correlations between α2,6-SIA on Igs and CIA were analyzed and also in RA patients by utilizing the disease activity score 28 (DAS28). The ability to differentiate RA progression by Ig and autoantibody α2,6-SIA levels was examined. RESULTS In CIA mice, plasma IgG-α2,6-SIA/IgG ratios decreased, whereas plasma IgM-α2,6-SIA/IgM ratios increased. Moreover, arthritis was not observed in collagen-injected mice with decreased IgG-α2,6-SIA/IgG ratios and without increased IgM-α2,6-SIA/IgM ratios. Isolated IgG-α2,6-SIA/IgG ratios displayed a significant inverse correlation with DAS28 scores (r = -0.383, p = 0.037). In contrast, isolated IgM-α2,6-SIA/IgM ratios correlated positively with DAS28 (r = 0.351, p = 0.009). Isolated IgG-anti-CCP-α2,6-SIA/plasma IgG-anti-CCP ratios were differentiated into either the remission (higher ratios) or the nonremission (lower ratios) category (p = 0.061), which is similar to the pattern for C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.041) but different from that for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p = 0.421). Using multiple linear regression analysis, plasma IgMRF-α2,6-SIA/IgMRF ratios displayed a correlation with DAS28 (p = 0.006), which was also observed in the ESR (p = 0.005), but was different from that for CRP (p = 0.222). CONCLUSION Concurrent reverse expression of α2,6-SIA ratios on IgM and IgG correlated with the occurrence of CIA and RA disease activity. Thus, α2,6-SIA ratios on IgG-anti-CCP antibodies and IgMRF are potential markers for evaluating RA disease activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieh-Bang Liou
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Ching Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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Bwanali L, Crihfield CL, Newton EO, Zeger VR, Gattu S, Holland LA. Quantification of the α2-6 Sialic Acid Linkage in Branched N-Glycan Structures with Capillary Nanogel Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:1518-1524. [PMID: 31829566 PMCID: PMC8631463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sialylation and sialic acid linkage in N-glycans are markers of disease but are analytically challenging to quantify. A capillary electrophoresis method is reported that integrates a unique combination of enzymes and lectins to modify sialylated N-glycans in real time in the capillary so that N-glycan structures containing α2-6-linked sialic acid are easily separated, detected, and quantified. In this study, N-glycans were sequentially cleaved by enzymes at the head of the separation capillary so that the presence of α2-6-linked sialic acids corresponded to a shift in the analyte migration time in a manner that enabled interpretation of the N-glycan structure. Following injection, only afucosylated N-glycan structures were passed through enzyme zones that contained α2-3 sialidase, followed by β1-3,4 galactosidase, which cleaved any terminal α2-3-linked sialic acid and underlying galactose yielding a terminal N-acetyl glucosamine. With this treatment complete, a third zone of α2-3,6,8 sialidase converted the remaining α2-6-linked sialic acid to terminal galactose. With these enzyme processing steps the α2-6-linked sialic acid residues on an N-glycan correlated directly to the number of terminal galactose residues that remained. The number of terminal galactose residues could be interpreted as a stepwise decrease in the migration time. Complex N-glycans from α-1-acid glycoprotein were analyzed using this approach, revealing that a limited number of α2-6-linked sialic acids were present with biantennary, triantennary, and tetraantennary N-glycans of α-1-acid glycoprotein generally containing 0 or 1 α2-6-linked sialic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Bwanali
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Cassandra L. Crihfield
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ebenezer O. Newton
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Victoria R. Zeger
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Srikanth Gattu
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lisa A. Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Zhao Y, Mahajan G, Kothapalli CR, Sun XL. Sialylation status and mechanical properties of THP-1 macrophages upon LPS stimulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:573-578. [PMID: 31445704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface receptors are the key contributors of macrophage function. Most macrophage cell surface receptors are glycoproteins with sialic acids at the terminal of their glycans. It is well recognized that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces cell surface sialylation changes that may in turn contribute to macrophage functions. In addition, cellular mechanics such as elasticity is also a major determinant of macrophage function, which in turn is modulated by LPS. In this report, we characterized the sialylation status of macrophages upon LPS stimulation and assessed the changes in its mechanical properties and function. Specifically, we confirmed that sialylation status is closely related to macrophage biomechanical characteristics (elastic modulus, tether force, tether radius, adhesion force, and membrane tension) and thus directly involved in macrophage function. Further, we modulated macrophage sialylation status by feeding the cell with exogenous free sialic acid (Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc) and sialidase inhibitors, and examined the resulting effects on cellular mechanics and function. A systematic recognition of sialylation status related to cellular mechanics of macrophages will contribute to defining their phenotypes and elucidate macrophage functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, OH 44115, United States
| | - Gautam Mahajan
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, OH 44115, United States
| | - Chandrasekhar R Kothapalli
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, OH 44115, United States.
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Gene Regulation of Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, OH 44115, United States; Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, OH 44115, United States.
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11
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Reuven EM, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Yu H, Duchi R, Perota A, Conchon S, Bachar Abramovitch S, Soulillou JP, Galli C, Chen X, Padler-Karavani V. Biomimetic Glyconanoparticle Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS Nano 2019; 13:2936-2947. [PMID: 30840433 PMCID: PMC6756924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy aims to harness the immune system to combat malignant processes. Transformed cells harbor diverse modifications that lead to formation of neoantigens, including aberrantly expressed cell surface carbohydrates. Targeting tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) hold great potential for cancer immunotherapy. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a dietary non-human immunogenic carbohydrate that accumulates on human cancer cells, thereby generating neoantigens. In mice, passive immunotherapy with anti-Neu5Gc antibodies inhibits growth of Neu5Gc-positive tumors. Here, we designed an active cancer vaccine immunotherapy strategy to target Neu5Gc-positive tumors. We generated biomimetic glyconanoparticles using engineered αGal knockout porcine red blood cells to form nanoghosts (NGs) that either express (NGpos) or lack expression (NGneg) of Neu5Gc-glycoconjugates in their natural context. We demonstrated that optimized immunization of "human-like" Neu5Gc-deficient Cmah-/- mice with NGpos glyconanoparticles induce a strong, diverse and persistent anti-Neu5Gc IgG immune response. The resulting anti-Neu5Gc IgG antibodies were also detected within Neu5Gc-positive tumors and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Using detailed glycan microarray analysis, we further demonstrate that the kinetics and quality of the immune responses influence the efficacy of the vaccine. These findings reinforce the potential of TACA neoantigens and the dietary non-human sialic acid Neu5Gc, in particular, as immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | | | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roberto Duchi
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Andrea Perota
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Sophie Conchon
- Institut de Transplantation–Urologie–Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Institut de Transplantation–Urologie–Néphrologie, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1064, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea, Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- FondazioneAvantea Cremona, Italy
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Corresponding Author: Department of Cell Research & Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel. Tel: +972-3-640-6737. Fax: +972-3-642-2046.
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12
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Levonis SM, Pittet J, Pointon BCM, Schweiker SS. Combining versatility with cost-effectiveness: Determination of both free and bound sialic acids, N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycolylneuraminic in unprocessed bovine milk. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1104:130-133. [PMID: 30469128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M Levonis
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Julie Pittet
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bethaney C M Pointon
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephanie S Schweiker
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Kuo CW, Guu SY, Khoo KH. Distinctive and Complementary MS 2 Fragmentation Characteristics for Identification of Sulfated Sialylated N-Glycopeptides by nanoLC-MS/MS Workflow. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2018; 29:1166-1178. [PMID: 29644550 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High sensitivity identification of sulfated glycans carried on specific sites of glycoproteins is an important requisite for investigation of molecular recognition events involved in diverse biological processes. However, aiming for resolving site-specific glycosylation of sulfated glycopeptides by direct LC-MS2 sequencing is technically most challenging. Other than the usual limiting factors such as lower abundance and ionization efficiency compared to analysis of non-glycosylated peptides, confident identification of sulfated glycopeptides among the more abundant non-sulfated glycopeptides requires additional considerations in the selective enrichment and detection strategies. Metal oxide has been applied to enrich phosphopeptides and sialylated glycopeptides, but its use to capture sulfated glycopeptides has not been investigated. Likewise, various complementary MS2 fragmentation modes have yet to be tested against sialylated and non-sialylated sulfoglycopeptides due to limited appropriate sample availability. In this study, we have investigated the feasibility of sequencing tryptic sulfated N-glycopeptide and its MS2 fragmentation characteristics by first optimizing the enrichment methods to allow efficient LC-MS detection and MS2 analysis by a combination of CID, HCD, ETD, and EThcD on hybrid and tribrid Orbitrap instruments. Characteristic sulfated glyco-oxonium ions and direct loss of sulfite from precursors were detected as evidences of sulfate modification. It is anticipated that the technical advances demonstrated in this study would allow a feasible extension of our sulfoglycomic analysis to sulfoglycoproteomics. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yun Guu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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14
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Chai W, Zhang Y, Mauri L, Ciampa MG, Mulloy B, Sonnino S, Feizi T. Assignment by Negative-Ion Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry of the Tetrasaccharide Backbones of Monosialylated Glycans Released from Bovine Brain Gangliosides. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2018; 29:1308-1318. [PMID: 29752599 PMCID: PMC6003998 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides, as plasma membrane-associated sialylated glycolipids, are antigenic structures and they serve as ligands for adhesion proteins of pathogens, for toxins of bacteria, and for endogenous proteins of the host. The detectability by carbohydrate-binding proteins of glycan antigens and ligands on glycolipids can be influenced by the differing lipid moieties. To investigate glycan sequences of gangliosides as recognition structures, we have underway a program of work to develop a "gangliome" microarray consisting of isolated natural gangliosides and neoglycolipids (NGLs) derived from glycans released from them, and each linked to the same lipid molecule for arraying and comparative microarray binding analyses. Here, in the first phase of our studies, we describe a strategy for high-sensitivity assignment of the tetrasaccharide backbones and application to identification of eight of monosialylated glycans released from bovine brain gangliosides. This approach is based on negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ESI-CID-MS/MS) of the desialylated glycans. Using this strategy, we have the data on backbone regions of four minor components among the monosialo-ganglioside-derived glycans; these are of the ganglio-, lacto-, and neolacto-series. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate School of Biochemical, Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, University of Milan, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Maria G Ciampa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate School of Biochemical, Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, University of Milan, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate School of Biochemical, Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, University of Milan, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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15
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Gilormini PA, Lion C, Vicogne D, Guérardel Y, Foulquier F, Biot C. Chemical glycomics enrichment: imaging the recycling of sialic acid in living cells. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:515-523. [PMID: 29294191 PMCID: PMC5959963 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) over the past two decades enabled the bioimaging studies of glycosylation processes in physio-pathological contexts. Herein, we successfully applied the chemical reporter strategy to image the fate of sialylated glycoconjugates in healthy and sialin-deficient patient fibroblasts. This chemical glycomics enrichment is a powerful tool for tracking sialylated glycoconjugates and probing lysosomal recycling capacities. Thus, such strategies appear fundamental for the characterization of lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre André Gilormini
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Cédric Lion
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Vicogne
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - François Foulquier
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Christophe Biot
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
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16
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Wang DE, Yan J, Jiang J, Liu X, Tian C, Xu J, Yuan MS, Han X, Wang J. Polydiacetylene liposomes with phenylboronic acid tags: a fluorescence turn-on sensor for sialic acid detection and cell-surface glycan imaging. Nanoscale 2018; 10:4570-4578. [PMID: 29461547 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid (SA) located at the terminal end of glycans on cell membranes has been shown to play an important yet distinctive role in various biological and pathological processes. Effective methods for the facile, sensitive and in situ analysis of SA on living cell surfaces are of great significance in terms of clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, a new polydiacetylene (PDA) liposome-based sensor system bearing phenylboronic acid (PBA) and 1,8-naphthalimide derived fluorophore moieties was developed as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for the detection of free SA in aqueous solution and the in situ imaging of SA-terminated glycans on living cell surfaces. In the sensor system, three diacetylene monomers, PCDA-pBA, PCDA-Nap and PCDA-EA, were designed and synthesized to construct the composite PDA liposome sensor. The monomer PCDA-pBA modified with PBA molecules was employed as a receptor for SA recognition, while the monomer PCDA-Nap containing a 1,8-naphthalimide derivative fluorophore was used for fluorescence signaling. When the composite PDA liposomes were formed, the energy transfer between the fluorophore and the conjugated backbone could directly quench the fluorescence of the fluorophore. In the presence of additional SA or SA abundant cells, the strong binding of SA with PBA moieties disturbed the pendent side chain conformation, resulting in the fluorescence restoration of the fluorophore. The proposed methods realized the fluorescence turn-on detection of free SA in aqueous solution and the in situ imaging of SA on living MCF-7 cell surfaces. This work provides a new potential tool for simple and selective analysis of SA on living cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-En Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China.
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17
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Harada H, Kai H, Shibata R, Niiyama H, Nishiyama Y, Murohara T, Yoshida N, Katoh A, Ikeda H. New diagnostic index for sarcopenia in patients with cardiovascular diseases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178123. [PMID: 28542531 PMCID: PMC5436875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an aging and disease-related syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, with the risk of frailty and poor quality of life. Sarcopenia is diagnosed by a decrease in skeletal muscle index (SMI) and reduction of either handgrip strength or gait speed. However, measurement of SMI is difficult for general physicians because it requires special equipment for bioelectrical impedance assay or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to explore a novel, simple diagnostic method of sarcopenia evaluation in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS We retrospectively investigated 132 inpatients with CVD (age: 72±12 years, age range: 27-93 years, males: 61%) Binomial logistic regression and correlation analyses were used to assess the associations of sarcopenia with simple physical data and biomarkers, including muscle-related inflammation makers and nutritional markers. RESULTS Sarcopenia was present in 29.5% of the study population. Serum concentrations of adiponectin and sialic acid were significantly higher in sarcopenic than non-sarcopenic CVD patients. Stepwise multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that adiponectin, sialic acid, sex, age, and body mass index were independent factors for sarcopenia detection. Sarcopenia index, obtained from the diagnostic regression formula for sarcopenia detection including the five independent factors, indicated a high accuracy in ROC curve analysis (sensitivity 94.9%, specificity 69.9%) and the cutoff value for sarcopenia detection was -1.6134. Sarcopenia index had a significant correlation with the conventional diagnostic parameters of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Our new sarcopenia index using simple parameters would be useful for diagnosing sarcopenia in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhito Harada
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hisashi Kai
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niiyama
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Yoshida
- Institute of Health and Sports Sciences, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Atsushi Katoh
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hisao Ikeda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Fukuoka Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Omuta, Japan
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18
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Baskakov IV. Limited understanding of the functional diversity of N-linked glycans as a major gap of prion biology. Prion 2017; 11:82-88. [PMID: 28324664 PMCID: PMC5399891 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2017.1301338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among a broad range of hypotheses on the molecular nature of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or scrapie agents discussed in 1960s was a hypothesis of self-replicating polysaccharides. While the studies of the past 40 years provided unambiguous proof that this is not the case, emerging evidence suggests that carbohydrates in the form of sialylated N-linked glycans, which are a constitutive part of mammalian prions or PrPSc, are essential in determining prion fate in an organism. The current extra-view article discusses recent advancements on the role of N-linked glycans and specifically their sialylation status in controlling prion fate. In addition, this manuscript introduces a new concept on the important role of strain-specific functional carbohydrate epitopes on the PrPSc surface as main determinants of strain-specific biologic features. According to this concept, individual strain-specific folding patterns of PrPSc govern selection of PrPC sialoglycoforms expressed by a host that can be accommodated within particular PrPSc structures. Strain-specific patterns of functional carbohydrate epitopes formed by N-linked glycans on PrPSc surfaces define strain-specific biologic features. As a constitutive part of PrPSc, the individual strain-specific patterns of carbohydrate epitopes propagate faithfully within a given host as long as individual strain-specific PrPSc structures are maintained, ensuring inheritance of strain-specific biologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia V. Baskakov
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Abstract
Advanced tools for cell imaging are of particular interest as they can detect, localize and quantify molecular targets like abnormal glycosylation sites that are biomarkers of cancer and infection. Targeting these biomarkers is often challenging due to a lack of receptor materials. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are promising artificial receptors; they can be tailored to bind targets specifically, be labeled easily, and are physically and chemically stable. Herein, we demonstrate the application of MIPs as artificial antibodies for selective labeling and imaging of cellular targets, on the example of hyaluronan and sialylation moieties on fixated human skin cells and tissues. Thus, fluorescently labeled MIP nanoparticles templated with glucuronic acid (MIPGlcA) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (MIPNANA) are respectively applied. Two different fluorescent probes are used: (1) MIPGlcA particles, ~400 nm in size are labeled with the dye rhodamine that target the extracellular hyaluronan on cells and tissue specimens and (2) MIP-coated InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) of two different colors, ~125 nm in size that target the extracellular and intracellular hyaluronan and sialylation sites. Green and red emitting QDs are functionalized with MIPGlcA and MIPNANA respectively, enabling multiplexed cell imaging. This is a general approach that can also be adapted to other target molecules on and in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Panagiotopoulou
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, 60203, France.
| | - Stephanie Kunath
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, 60203, France
| | - Karsten Haupt
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, 60203, France
| | - Bernadette Tse Sum Bui
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, Compiègne Cedex, 60203, France
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20
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Claumarchirant L, Sanchez-Siles LM, Matencio E, Alegría A, Lagarda MJ. Evaluation of Sialic Acid in Infant Feeding: Contents and Bioavailability. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:8333-8342. [PMID: 27750424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) contents and bioaccessibility (BA) in human milk (HM) and infant formulas (IFs) were determined, and Sia intakes by infants between 0 and 6 months of age were evaluated. Total Sia contents in HM decreased during lactation from 136.14 to 24.47 mg/100 mL. The total Sia contents in IFs (13.15-25.78 mg/100 mL) were lower than in HM and were not related to the addition of ingredients acting as sources of Sia in their formulation. The Sia intakes derived from IF consumption were lower than in HM, and only one IF reached the intakes provided by HM from the age of 2 months. Despite the lower total Sia content in IFs, the BA of Sia in IFs (88.08-92.96%) was significantly greater than in mature HM (72.51%) and similar to that found in colostrum (96.43%). However, the Sia contents in the available soluble fraction of IFs did not reach those provided by HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Claumarchirant
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Sanchez-Siles
- Hero Institute of Infant Nutrition, Hero Group , Avenida Murcia 1, 30820 Alcantarilla (Murcia), Spain
| | - Esther Matencio
- Hero Institute of Infant Nutrition, Hero Group , Avenida Murcia 1, 30820 Alcantarilla (Murcia), Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - María Jesús Lagarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
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21
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Ito H, Hoshi K, Osuka F, Gotoh M, Saito T, Hojo H, Suzuki R, Ohira H, Honda T, Hashimoto Y. Lectin inhibits antigen-antibody reaction in a glycoform-specific manner: Application for detecting α2,6sialylated-carcinoembryonic antigen. Proteomics 2016; 16:3081-3084. [PMID: 27492976 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein marker, which is widely used for diagnosing various cancers, especially colon adenocarcinoma. In addition, CEA mediates homotypic adhesion of colon adenocarcinoma cells, which appears to favor hematogenous metastasis. CEA carries α2,6sialyl residues on its N-glycans whereas a normal counterpart, normal fecal antigen-2, does α2,3sialyl residues, suggesting that cancer-specific α2,6sialylation on CEA may play a role for cell invasion and metastasis. A simple and rapid estimation of α2,6sialyled CEA in detergent extracts from formalin-fixed colon adenocarcinoma by "lectin inhibition" is reported. In the lectin inhibition method, Sambucus sieboldiana Agglutinin (SSA) lectin, an α2,6sialic acid binder, was used as a glycoform-specific inhibitor for antigen-antibody reaction in ELISA. Detergent extracts from colon adenocarcinoma showed a fair amount of ELISA signal in the absence of SSA whereas the signal was markedly reduced (45≈74%) in the presence of SSA, suggesting that the extracts contains α2,6sialyled CEA. The presence of α2,6sialyled CEA in the extracts was confirmed by lectin microarray, in which SSA, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, and Trichosanthes japonica agglutinin I lectins were used as α2,6sialyl binders. Thus lectin inhibition is a simple and rapid method for detecting α2,6sialyled CEA even in crude detergent extracts from formalin-fixed adenocarcinoma tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Kyoka Hoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Osuka
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Mitsukazu Gotoh
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hojo
- Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Rei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Division of Human Life Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Nursing, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
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22
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Luley-Goedl C, Czabany T, Longus K, Schmölzer K, Zitzenbacher S, Ribitsch D, Schwab H, Nidetzky B. Combining expression and process engineering for high-quality production of human sialyltransferase in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2016; 235:54-60. [PMID: 27018228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase I, ST6Gal-I has drawn considerable interest for its use as biocatalyst for in-vitro glycoengineering of recombinantly produced therapeutic proteins. By attaching sialic acid onto the terminal galactoses of biantennary protein N-glycans, ST6Gal-I facilitates protein remodeling towards a humanized glycosylation and thus optimized efficacy in pharmacological use. Secreted expression of ST6Gal-I in Pichia pastoris is promising, but proteolysis restricts both the yield and the quality of the enzyme produced. Focusing on an N-terminally truncated (Δ108) variant of ST6Gal-I previously shown to represent a minimally sized, still active form of ST6Gal-I, we show here that protein expression engineering and optimization of bioreactor cultivation of P. pastoris KM71H (pPICZαB) synergized to enhance the maximum enzyme titer about 57-fold to 17units/L. N-Terminal fusion to the Flag-tag plus deletion of a potential proteolytic site (Lys(114)-Asn→Gln(114)-Asn) improved the intrinsic resistance of Δ108ST6Gal-I to degradation in P. pastoris culture. A mixed glycerol/methanol feeding protocol for P. pastoris growth and induction was key for enzyme production in high yield and quality. The sialyltransferase was recovered from the bioreactor culture in a yield of 70% using a single step of anion-exchange chromatography. Its specific activity was 0.05units/mg protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tibor Czabany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Longus
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Schmölzer
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Zitzenbacher
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Doris Ribitsch
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Schwab
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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23
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Post DMB, Ketterer MR, Coffin JE, Reinders LM, Munson RS, Bair T, Murphy TF, Foster ED, Gibson BW, Apicella MA. Comparative Analyses of the Lipooligosaccharides from Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus Show Differences in Sialic Acid and Phosphorylcholine Modifications. Infect Immun 2016; 84:765-74. [PMID: 26729761 PMCID: PMC4771351 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01185-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus haemolyticus and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are closely related upper airway commensal bacteria that are difficult to distinguish phenotypically. NTHi causes upper and lower airway tract infections in individuals with compromised airways, while H. haemolyticus rarely causes such infections. The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is an outer membrane component of both species and plays a role in NTHi pathogenesis. In this study, comparative analyses of the LOS structures and corresponding biosynthesis genes were performed. Mass spectrometric and immunochemical analyses showed that NTHi LOS contained terminal sialic acid more frequently and to a higher extent than H. haemolyticus LOS did. Genomic analyses of 10 strains demonstrated that H. haemolyticus lacked the sialyltransferase genes lic3A and lic3B (9/10) and siaA (10/10), but all strains contained the sialic acid uptake genes siaP and siaT (10/10). However, isothermal titration calorimetry analyses of SiaP from two H. haemolyticus strains showed a 3.4- to 7.3-fold lower affinity for sialic acid compared to that of NTHi SiaP. Additionally, mass spectrometric and immunochemical analyses showed that the LOS from H. haemolyticus contained phosphorylcholine (ChoP) less frequently than the LOS from NTHi strains. These differences observed in the levels of sialic acid and ChoP incorporation in the LOS structures from H. haemolyticus and NTHi may explain some of the differences in their propensities to cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeremy E Coffin
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Robert S Munson
- The Center for Microbial Pathogenesis at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Center for Microbial Interface Biology and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas Bair
- Bioinformatics Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Timothy F Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Eric D Foster
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bradford W Gibson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael A Apicella
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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24
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Gomes de Oliveira AG, Roy R, Raymond C, Bodnar ED, Tayi VS, Butler M, Durocher Y, Perreault H. A systematic study of glycopeptide esterification for the semi-quantitative determination of sialylation in antibodies. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2015; 29:1817-26. [PMID: 26331933 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In the expression of recombinant proteins, an important parameter to control or influence is their level of sialylation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric (MS) methods tend to either underestimate (positive mode) or overestimate (negative mode) the content of sialylated vs. neutral glycans in glycoproteins. Esterification methods have been developed for free sialylated glycans and sialylated Asn-glycans, allowing these acidic groups to ionize with the same efficiency as neutral sugars. METHODS Here we describe a method which modifies glycopeptides by esterification. This simple procedure is applied to glycopeptides isolated from tryptic digests of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), some highly sialylated. To better understand the effect of esterification on the peptide backbone, synthetic EEQYNSTYR was esterified and studied by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Acetamidation of EEQYNSTYR was also studied as some mAb samples had been overalkylated prior to tryptic digestion. RESULTS As a general trend, ethyl-esterification or lactonization is observed for each sialic acid on glycoforms of EEQYNSTYR (the N-glycosylated tryptic peptide of IgG Fc), depending on the branching position of the sialic acid (α2,3 or α2,6). Esterification also affects the carboxyl groups in the peptide, including the C-terminal COOH. CONCLUSIONS For antibody analysis, MALDI-MS ion abundances give a better semi-quantitative estimate of sialylation levels for esterified than for unreacted glycopeptides. The method is simple to use and helps to differentiate the branching patterns of sialic acids in antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rini Roy
- Chemistry Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T2N2
| | - Céline Raymond
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4P2R2
- Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C3J7
| | - Edward D Bodnar
- Chemistry Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T2N2
| | - Venkata S Tayi
- Microbiology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T2N2
| | - Michael Butler
- Microbiology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T2N2
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4P2R2
- Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C3J7
| | - Hélène Perreault
- Chemistry Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T2N2
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25
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da Silva Modesto KB, de Godói Simões JB, de Souza AF, Damaceno N, Duarte DA, Leite MF, de Almeida ER. Salivary flow rate and biochemical composition analysis in stimulated whole saliva of children with cystic fibrosis. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1650-4. [PMID: 26351748 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is recognized that cystic fibrosis (CF) patients present a risk for oral diseases, since it affects exocrine glands, and the treatment consists of a carbohydrate-rich diet. Recognizing the protective function of saliva on maintaining oral health, the aim of the study was to evaluate salivary parameters in stimulated whole saliva from children with CF. METHODS A case-control study was conducted comparing stimulated whole saliva of healthy (n=28; control group) and CF children (n=21; experimental group). Salivary flow rate, initial pH, buffer capacity (total and in each range of pH), total protein and sialic acid (total, free, and conjugated) concentration, α-amylase and salivary peroxidase activities were evaluated. Data were compared by two-tailed Student t test (95% CI; p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS CF patients presented a significant reduction in salivary parameters compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05): salivary flow rate (36%), buffer capacity (pH range from 6.9 to 6.0), sialic acid concentration (total 75%, free 61%, and conjugated 83%); α-amylase and salivary peroxidase activities (55%). Additionally, a significant increase in total protein concentration (180%) of stimulated whole saliva from CF patients was verified compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Children with CF presented significant changes in salivary composition, including salivary flow rate, buffering capacity and protective proteins of the oral cavity, compared with children without CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Ferreira de Souza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 08060-070, Brazil
| | - Neiva Damaceno
- Department of Pediatrics/Pulmonology, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo, SP 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Danilo Antonio Duarte
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 08060-070, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferreira Leite
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 08060-070, Brazil.
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Bertok T, Šedivá A, Filip J, Ilcikova M, Kasak P, Velic D, Jane E, Mravcová M, Rovenský J, Kunzo P, Lobotka P, Šmatko V, Vikartovská A, Tkac J. Carboxybetaine Modified Interface for Electrochemical Glycoprofiling of Antibodies Isolated from Human Serum. Langmuir 2015; 31:7148-57. [PMID: 26048139 PMCID: PMC4489201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Impedimetric lectin biosensors capable of recognizing two different carbohydrates (galactose and sialic acid) in glycans attached to antibodies isolated from human serum were prepared. The first step entailed the modification of a gold surface by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) deposited from a solution containing a carboxybetaine-terminated thiol applied to the subsequent covalent immobilization of lectins and to resist nonspecific protein adsorption. In the next step, Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) or Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) was covalently attached to the SAM, and the whole process of building a bioreceptive layer was optimized and characterized using a diverse range of techniques including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, quartz crystal microbalance, contact angle measurements, zeta-potential assays, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. In addition, the application of the SNA-based lectin biosensor in the glycoprofiling of antibodies isolated from the human sera of healthy individuals and of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was successfully validated using an SNA-based lectin microarray. The results showed that the SNA lectin, in particular, is capable of discriminating between the antibodies isolated from healthy individuals and those from RA patients based on changes in the amount of sialic acid present in the antibodies. In addition, the results obtained by the application of RCA and SNA biosensors indicate that the abundance of galactose and sialic acid in antibodies isolated from healthy individuals is age-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Department
of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Alena Šedivá
- Department
of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Filip
- Department
of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Marketa Ilcikova
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Dusan Velic
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Bratislava, 842 15, Slovak Republic
- International
Laser Centre, Ilkovičova
3, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic
| | - Eduard Jane
- International
Laser Centre, Ilkovičova
3, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Mravcová
- Laboratory
of Human Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 3, Bratislava, 833 06, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Rovenský
- National
Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešt’any, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Kunzo
- Department
of Sensors and Detectors, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Lobotka
- Department
of Sensors and Detectors, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovak Republic
| | - Vasilij Šmatko
- Department
of Sensors and Detectors, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovská
- Department
of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department
of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
- Tel.: +421 2 5941 0263. E-mail:
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27
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Kwon H, Crisostomo AC, Smalls HM, Finke JM. Anti-aβ oligomer IgG and surface sialic acid in intravenous immunoglobulin: measurement and correlation with clinical outcomes in Alzheimer's disease treatment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120420. [PMID: 25826319 PMCID: PMC4380445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fraction of IgG antibodies with anti-oligomeric Aβ affinity and surface sialic acid was compared between Octagam and Gammagard intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) using two complementary surface plasmon resonance methods. These comparisons were performed to identify if an elevated fraction existed in Gammagard, which reported small putative benefits in a recent Phase III clinical trial for Alzheimer’s Disease. The fraction of anti-oligomeric Aβ IgG was found to be higher in Octagam, for which no cognitive benefits were reported. The fraction and location of surface-accessible sialic acid in the Fab domain was found to be similar between Gammagard and Octagam. These findings indicate that anti-oligomeric Aβ IgG and total surface sialic acid alone cannot account for reported clinical differences in the two IVIG products. A combined analysis of sialic acid in anti-oligomeric Aβ IgG did reveal a notable finding that this subgroup exhibited a high degree of surface sialic acid lacking the conventional α2,6 linkage. These results demonstrate that the IVIG antibodies used to engage oligomeric Aβ in both Gammagard and Octagam clinical trials did not possess α2,6-linked surface sialic acid at the time of administration. Anti-oligomeric Aβ IgG with α2,6 linkages remains untested as an AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Kwon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Amanda C. Crisostomo
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hayley Marie Smalls
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - John M. Finke
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Although the structural diversity of sialic acid (Sia) is rapidly expanding, understanding of its biological significance has lagged behind. Advanced technologies to detect and probe diverse structures of Sia are absolutely necessary not only to understand further biological significance but also to pursue medicinal and industrial applications. Here we describe analytical methods for detection of Sia that have recently been developed or improved, with a special focus on 9-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), deaminoneuraminic acid (Kdn), O-sulfated Sia (SiaS), and di-, oligo-, and polysialic acid (diSia/oligoSia/polySia) in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Much more attention has been paid to these Sia and sialoglycoconjugates during the last decade, in terms of regulation of the immune system, neural development and function, tumorigenesis, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Lille University of Science and Technology, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland Australia
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Niv Y, Boltin D, Halpern M, Cohen M, Levi Z, Vilkin A, Morgenstern S, Manugian V, Lawrence ES, Gagneux P, Kaur S, Sharma P, Batra SK, Ho SB. Membrane-bound mucins and mucin terminal glycans expression in idiopathic or Helicobacter pylori, NSAID associated peptic ulcers. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14913-14920. [PMID: 25356051 PMCID: PMC4209554 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the expression of membrane-bound mucins and glycan side chain sialic acids in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated, non-steroidal inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated and idiopathic-gastric ulcers.
METHODS: We studied a cohort of randomly selected patients with H. pylori (group 1, n = 30), NSAID (group 2, n = 18), combined H. pylori and NSAID associated gastric ulcers (group 3, n = 24), and patients with idiopathic gastric ulcers (group 4, n = 20). Immunohistochemistry for MUC1, MUC4, MUC17, and staining for Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) lectins was performed on sections from the ulcer margins.
RESULTS: Staining intensity of MUC17 was higher in H. pylori ulcers (group 1) than in idiopathic ulcers (group 4), 11.05 ± 3.67 vs 6.93 ± 4.00 for foveola cells, and 10.29 ± 4.67 vs 8.00 ± 3.48 for gland cells, respectively (P < 0.0001). In contrast, MUC1 expression was higher in group 4 compared group 1, 9.89 ± 4.17 vs 2.93 ± 5.13 in foveola cells and 7.63 ± 4.60 vs 2.57± 4.50 for glands, respectively (P < 0.0001). SNA lectin staining was increased in group 4, in parallel to elevated MUC1 expression, indicating more abundant α2-6 sialylation in that group.
CONCLUSION: Cytoplasmic MUC17 staining was significantly decreased in the cases with idiopathic ulcer. The opposite was observed for both MUC1 and SNA lectin. This observation may reflect important pathogenic mechanisms, since different mucins with altered sialylation patterns may differ in their protection efficiency against acid and pepsin.
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Wu Y, Shao Z, Gao W, Li H, Xu M. [Relationship between the level of sialic acid during perinatal period and early intelligence development of full term infants]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2014; 52:107-111. [PMID: 24739721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between the status of sialic acid (SA) during perinatal period and early intelligence development of healthy full term infant, and to explore the effect of SA on the early intelligence development. METHOD A total of 127 pairs of healthy mothers-neonates in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University were recruited randomly in this prospective cohort study. The levels of SA from body fluids of mothers-neonates were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, such as the full-term maternal and cord blood and the colostrum. The questionnaire surveys were carried out in mothers and mental development evaluation according to Children's Development Center of China (CDCC) were carried out in infants 3 to 4 months of age to obtain the mental development index (MDI) and psycho-motor development index (PDI). RESULT A total of 120 pairs of maternal-neonatal subjects with complete data were included into statistical analysis. The levels of SA of maternal and cord blood and colostrum were (2.25 ± 0.02), (1.21 ± 0.01), and (5.01 ± 0.06) mmol/L respectively. MDI and PDI of infants 3 to 4 months of age were (99.40 ± 1.87) and (98.53 ± 1.96). The analysis using multiple linear regression indicated that MDI was associated with SA levels of cord blood and colostrum (β = 0.636, 0.175, P < 0.05), and PDI was also associated with them (β = 0.502, 0.262, P < 0.05). The levels of SA of cord blood and colostrums were individually divided into high-level group and low-level one according to the median level. MDI and PDI in high-level group of cord blood were both significantly higher than that in low-level group (111.85 ± 2.79) vs. (108.88 ± 2.0) , (101.08 ± 4.44) vs. (98.88 ± 2.0) P < 0.01. So were MDI and PDI in high-level group of colostrum compared with those in low-level group (111.71 ± 3.07) vs. (108.81 ± 1.56), P < 0.01; (101.29 ± 4.23) vs.(98.56 ± 1.79), P < 0.05. The analysis on correlation between the levels of maternal-neonatal body fluids showed that the level of SA of colostrum was positively correlated with that of cord blood (r = 0.507, P = 0.004). However, no correlation was found either between the level of SA of maternal and cord blood or between the level of SA of maternal blood and colostrums. Further division into high-level and low-level groups was done according to the median level of maternal blood. The levels of SA of colostrum and cord blood in high-level group were markedly higher than those in low-level one (5.12 ± 0.35) vs. (4.87 ± 0.22) and (1.21 ± 0.02) vs. (1.17 ± 0.01), P < 0.05. CONCLUSION High levels of SA of cord blood and colostrums might be beneficial to the early intelligence development of full term infant. Abundant intake of SA during perinatal period and good function of placenta may play important role in early intelligence development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhili Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Meiyu Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Lee H, German JB, Kjelden R, Lebrilla CB, Barile D. Quantitative analysis of gangliosides in bovine milk and colostrum-based dairy products by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:9689-9696. [PMID: 24024650 DOI: 10.1021/jf402255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Milk gangliosides have gained considerable attention because they participate in diverse biological processes, including neural development, pathogen binding, and activation of the immune system. Herein, we present a quantitative measurement of the gangliosides present in bovine milk and other dairy products and byproducts. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography separation was used for high-throughput analysis and achieved a short running time without sacrificing chromatographic resolution. Dynamic multiple reaction monitoring was conducted for 12 transitions for GM3 and 12 transitions for GD3. Transitions to sialic acid fragments (m/z 290.1) were chosen for the quantitation. There was a considerable amount of gangliosides in day 2 milk (GM3, 0.98 mg/L; GD3, 15.2 mg/L) which dramatically decreased at day 15 and day 90. GM3 and GD3 were also analyzed in pooled colostrum, colostrum cream, colostrum butter, and colostrum buttermilk. The separation and analytical approaches here proposed could be integrated into the dairy industry processing adding value to side-streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Foods for Health Institute, University of California-Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
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Everest-Dass AV, Kolarich D, Campbell MP, Packer NH. Tandem mass spectra of glycan substructures enable the multistage mass spectrometric identification of determinants on oligosaccharides. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2013; 27:931-939. [PMID: 23592194 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glycosylation of proteins and lipids affects many biological processes, such as host-pathogen interactions, cell communication, and initiation of the immune responses. Terminal glycan substructures, or determinants, often govern the function or recognition of the carrier glycoconjugate and modulate these processes. In this study we describe a strategy using multistage mass spectrometry to identify and confirm these glycan substructures. METHODS An online tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) spectral fragment library of glycan substructures that typically occur at the non-reducing terminus of glycoconjugates was created to enable the easier identification and confirmation of glycan determinants on oligosaccharides released from glycoproteins. Oligosaccharides were separated by porous graphitized carbon capillary chromatography and analysed by ion trap MS. Candidate product ions that constitute the glycan substructure mass were identified in the MS(2) product ion spectrum, and used as the precursor ion for subsequent MS(3) fragmentation. The resulting MS(3) spectrum was matched against the MS(2) spectral fragment library to identify the glycan substructure(s) that comprise the parent oligosaccharide. RESULTS Thirty biologically important terminal glycan determinants commonly observed on glycoconjugates were fragmented by positive and negative ion mass spectrometry and the MS(2) product ion masses manually annotated and stored in the UniCarb-DB online database. Negative ion tandem mass spectra were especially useful in assigning isobaric glycan structures. We have applied this strategy for the identification of the sulphation, blood group antigens and sialic acid linkages on complex N-and O-glycans released from glycoproteins. CONCLUSIONS We show the potential of these glycan substructure MS(2) spectra in the negative ionization mode to facilitate the assignment of determinants on N- and O-linked glycans released from glycoproteins. Comparing the structural feature ions of known glycan reference substructures assists in the annotation of complex glycan product ion spectra, and can remove the need for other orthogonal confirmation analyses such as sequential glycosidase digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Everest-Dass
- Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a highly complex and regulated posttranslational modification. In this process several glycosyltransferase families are involved. In cancer this delicate equilibrium is disrupted leading to glycosylation changes on glycoconjugates, namely, glycoproteins. One of the major consequences is the increase of sialylated oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins. Here we describe an experimental methodology focused in the enrichment and characterization of sialic acid containing glycopeptides by MALDI mass spectrometry and the subsequent data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Osório
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Renu N, Kaithwas G, Ramteke PW, Saraf SA. Effect of Linum usitatissimum (linseed/flaxseed) fixed oil on experimental esophagitis in albino rats. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2012; 75:331-335. [PMID: 23082704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of Linum usitatissimum fixed oil on experimental esophagitis in albino rats. METHODS Group of rats (n = 6), treated with vehicle control (0.9% NaCl, 3 mL/kg, i.p.) or L. usitatissimum fixed oil (1, 2, 3 mL/kg, i.p.) or omeprazole (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Rats were subjected to pylorus and forestomach ligation to induce esophagitis and were compared to a control sham group. Animals were sacrificed after 6 h and evaluated for the gastric pH, gastric volume, total acidity and esophagitis index. Esophageal tissues were further subjected to estimations of sialic acid, collagen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, tissue glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase. RESULTS Treatment with fixed oil significantly inhibited the gastric secretion, total acidity and esophagitis index. The oil also altered the levels of sialic acid and collagen towards normal with significant antioxidant activity in esophageal tissues. CONCLUSION The lipoxygenase inhibitory, histamine antagonistic, antisecretory (anticholinergic) and antioxidant activity of the oil was attributed for its effect in reflux esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Renu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, SHIATS, Formerly Allahabad Agricultural Institute-Deemed to be University, Allahabad-211 007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sundaram S, Matathia A, Qian J, Zhang J, Hsieh MC, Liu T, Crowley R, Parekh B, Zhou Q. An innovative approach for the characterization of the isoforms of a monoclonal antibody product. MAbs 2011; 3:505-12. [PMID: 22123057 PMCID: PMC3242836 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.3.6.18090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The complex and lengthy upstream and downstream production methods of the antibodies make them susceptible to physical and chemical modifications. Several IgG1 immunoglobulins are used as medical agents for the treatment of colon, breast, and head and neck cancers, and at least four to eight isoforms exist in the products. The regulatory agencies understand the complex nature of the antibody molecules and allow the manufactures to set their own specifications for lot release, provided the safety and efficacy of the products are established in animal models prior to clinical trials. During the manufacture of a mAb product, we observed lot-to-lot variability in the isoform content and, although the variability is within the set specifications for lot release, made attempts to gain mechanistic insight by isolating and characterizing the individual isoforms. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and liquid chromatography (LC)/mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analyses of the isolated isoforms indicate that this variability is caused by sialic acid content, as well as truncation of C-terminal lysine of the individual isoforms. Sialidase and carboxypeptidase treatment of the product confirm the observations made by MALDI and LC/MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Chee Furng Wong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
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Lagarto A, Bueno V, Guerra I, Valdés O, Couret M, López R, Vega Y. Absence of hematological side effects in acute and subacute nasal dosing of erythropoietin with a low content of sialic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 63:563-7. [PMID: 20488687 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of human recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) as a neuroprotective agent is limited due to its hematological side effects. An erythropoietin along with a low content of sialic acid (rhEPOb), similar to that produced in the brain during hypoxia, may be used as a neuroprotective agent without risk of thrombotic events. The objective of this investigation was to assess the toxicological potential of a nasal formulation with rhEPOb in acute, subacute and nasal irritation assays in rats. Healthy Wistar rats (Cenp:Wistar) were used for the assays. In an irritation test, animals received 15 μl of rhEPOb into the right nostril. Rats were sacrificed after 24 h and slides of the nasal mucosa tissues were examined. Control and treated groups showed signs of a minimal irritation consisting of week edema and vascular congestion in all animals. In the acute toxicity test, the dose of 47,143 UI/kg was administered by nasal route. Hematological patterns, body weight, relative organ weight, and organ integrity were not affected by single dosing with rhEPOb. In the subacute toxicity test, Wistar rats of both sexes received 6,600 UI/kg/day for 14 days. The toxicological endpoints examined included animal body weight, food consumption, hematological and biochemical patterns, selected tissue weights, and histopathological examinations. An increase of lymphocytes was observed in males that was considered to reflect an immune response to treatment. Histopathological examination of organs and tissues did not reveal treatment-induced changes. The administration of rhEPOb at daily doses of 6,600 UI/kg during 14 days did not produce hematological side effects. These results suggest that rhEPOb could offer the same neuroprotection as EPO, without hematological side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Lagarto
- Drug Research and Development Center, CIDEM, 17 No. 6208 e/62 y 64, Playa, Código Postal 11300, Ciudad Habana, Cuba.
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Mishra RK, Singh SK. Antispermatogenic and antifertility effects of fruits of Piper nigrum L. in mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2009; 47:706-714. [PMID: 19957882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Effect of oral administration (25 and 100 mg/kg body wt/day, for 20 and 90 days) of fruit powder of Piper nigrum L. on the male reproductive organs of mice, Parkes strain, was investigated. Various reproductive end points such as organs weight, histopathology, sperm parameters, sialic acid and fructose contents, and fertility indices were assessed. Histologically, testes in treated mice, except in those treated with 100 mg of dose for 90 days, showed non-uniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules, as both affected and normal tubules were observed in the same section. In mice treated with 100 mg dose for 90 days, degenerative changes were observed in all the tubules. Affected seminiferous tubules showed intraepithelial vacuolation, loosening of germinal epithelium, occurrence of giant cells, and mixing of spermatids of different stages of spermatogenesis; in severe cases, the tubules were lined by mainly a layer of Sertoli cells. Percentage of affected tubules in testes of Piper-treated mice was dose-and duration-related. Further, Piper nigrum treatment for 20 days did not cause appreciable alterations in histological appearance of the epididymis, while the treatment for 90 days caused detectable alterations in the duct. The treatment also had adverse effects on sperm parameters, levels of sialic acid and fructose, and on litter size. Fifty six days after cessation of treatment, the alterations induced in the reproductive organs recovered to control levels, though the litter size in females impregnated by Piper-treated males remained significantly decreased compared to controls.
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Desantis S, Acone F, Corriero A, Deflorio M, Zubani D, Ventriglia G, Palmieri G, De Metrio G. Distribution of sialoglycoconjugates in the oviductal isthmus of the horse during anoestrus, oestrus and pregnancy: a lectin histochemistry study. Eur J Histochem 2009; 48:403-12. [PMID: 15718207 DOI: 10.4081/914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of sialic acid residues as well as other glycosidic sugars has been investigated in the horse oviductal isthmus during anoestrus, oestrus and pregnancy by means of lectin and pre-lectin methods. Ciliated cells and non-ciliated (secretory) cells exhibited different lectin binding profiles that were found to change during the investigated stages. Ciliated cells did not show any reactivity in the basal cytoplasm, while the supra-nuclear cytoplasm displayed a few of oligosaccharides with terminal and internal alphamannose (Man) and/or alphaglucose (Glc) during oestrus and pregnancy and a moderate presence of oligosaccharides terminating in alphafucose (Fuc) during oestrus; cilia exhibited a more complex glycoconjugate pattern for the presence of oligosaccharides terminating in N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), GalNAcalpha1,3 GalNAcalpha1,3galactose(Gal)beta1,4Galbeta1,4N-acetylglucosamine(GlcNAc), Fuc, sialic acid (Neu5Ac)-aGalNAc belonging or not to the GalNAca1,3GalNAca1,3 Galb1,4 Galb1, 4GlcNAc sequence, and. alphaGalNAc and Neu5Aca 2,6Gal/GalNAc increased during oestrus. Cilia displayed terminal Galbeta1,3 GalNAc in pregnancy, terminal alphaGal in anoestrus and pregnancy and terminal or internal D-GlcNAc during anoestrus and pregnancy, respectively. The whole cytoplasm of non-ciliated cells showed oligosaccharides terminating with alphaGalNAc, Neu5Aca2,6Gal/GalNAc, Neu5Ac GalNAca 1,3GalNAcalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Galbeta1,4GlcNAc during the investigated stages, as well as GlcNAc in anoestrus and pregnancy. The supra-nuclear zone of non-ciliated cells exhibited oligosaccharides with terminal Galbeta1,4GlcNAc and internal Man during oestrus and pregnancy as well as terminal alphaGal and Fuc in oestrus and Neu5Ac-Galbeta1,3GalNAc in pregnancy. The luminal surface of non-ciliated cells showed glycans terminating with alphaGalNAc and/or Neu5Ac GalNAcalpha1,3 GalNAcalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Galbeta1,4GlcNAc in all specimens, oligosaccharides with terminal Galbeta1,4GlcNAc and internal Man during oestrus and pregnancy, Neu5Ac alpha2,6Gal/GalNAc in anoestrus and oestrus, and glycans terminating with Galbeta1,3GalNAc, Neu5A acalpha2,3 Galbeta1, 4GlcNac, Neu5ac-Galbeta1,3GalNAc, Neu5Ac-Galbeta1,4 GlcNAc in pregnancy. These findings show the presence of sialoglycoconjugates in the oviductal isthmus of the mare as well as the existence of great modifications in the glycoconjugates linked to different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Desantis
- Dept. of Animal Health and Well-being, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Italy
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Leite MF, Nicolau J. Sodium tungstate on some biochemical parameters of the parotid salivary gland of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a short-term study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 127:154-63. [PMID: 18810331 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown the antidiabetic properties of sodium tungstate. In this study, we evaluated some biochemical parameters of the parotid salivary gland of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate solution (2 mg/ml). The studied groups were: untreated control (UC), treated control (TC), untreated diabetic (UD), and treated diabetic (TD). After 2 and 6 weeks of treatment, parotid gland was removed and total protein and sialic acid (free and total) concentration and amylase and peroxidase activities were determined. Data were compared by variance analysis and Tukey test (p < 0.05). The sodium tungstate treatment modestly decreased the glycemia of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. At week 2 of the study, parotid gland of diabetic rats presented a reduction of total protein concentration (55%) and an increase of amylase (120%) and peroxidase (160%) activities, free (150%) and total (170%) sialic acid concentration. No alteration in the evaluated parameters at week 6 of the study was observed. Sodium tungstate presented no significant effect in parotid gland. Our results suggest that diabetes causes initial modification in biochemical composition of parotid. However, this gland showed a recovery capacity after 6 week of the experimental time. Sodium tungstate has no effect in peripheral tissues, such as salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ferreira Leite
- Centro de Pesquisa em Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, CEP 05508-000.
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Niñonuevo MR, Perkins PD, Francis J, Lamotte LM, LoCascio RG, Freeman SL, Mills DA, German JB, Grimm R, Lebrilla CB. Daily variations in oligosaccharides of human milk determined by microfluidic chips and mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:618-26. [PMID: 18088092 DOI: 10.1021/jf071972u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is a complex biological fluid that provides not only primary nourishment for infants but also protection against pathogens and influences their metabolic, immunologic, and even cognitive development. The presence of oligosaccharides in remarkable abundance in human milk has been associated to provide diverse biological functions including directing the development of an infant's intestinal microflora and immune system. Recent advances in analytical tools offer invaluable insights in understanding the specific functions and health benefits these biomolecules impart to infants. Oligosaccharides in human milk samples obtained from five different individual donors over the course of a 3 month lactation period were isolated and analyzed using HPLC-Chip/TOF-MS technology. The levels and compositions of oligosaccharides in human milk were investigated from five individual donors. Comparison of HPLC-Chip/TOF-MS oligosaccharides profiles revealed heterogeneity among multiple individuals with no significant variations at different stages of lactation within individual donors.
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Abstract
This chapter illustrates the usefulness of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the analysis of sugar acids, that is, monosaccharides and lower oligosaccharides carrying carboxylate, sulphate or phosphate groups. In order to provide a general description of the main results and challenges in the field, some relevant applications and reviews on CE of such saccharidic compounds are tabulated. Furthermore, some detailed experimental procedures are shown, regarding the CE analysis of sugar acids released upon hydrolysis of acidic polysaccharides and of glycans linked to glycoproteins. In particular, the protocols will deal with the following compounds: (i) unsaturated, underivatized oligosaccharides from lyase-treated alginate; (ii) oligosaccharides derivatized with 4-aminobenzonitrile, arising from chemical hydrolysis of alginate; (iii) sialic acid derivatized with 2-aminoacridone, released from human serum immunoglobulin G.
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Bork K, Reutter W, Weidemann W, Horstkorte R. Enhanced sialylation of EPO by overexpression of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManAc kinase containing a sialuria mutation in CHO cells. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4195-8. [PMID: 17706199 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sialylation (e.g. expression of sialic acid) plays a crucial role for function and stability of most glycoproteins. The key enzyme for the biosynthesis of sialic acid is the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine-kinase (GNE). Mutations in the binding site of the feedback inhibitor CMP-sialic acid of the GNE leads to sialuria, a disease in which patients produce sialic acid in gram scale. Here, we report on the use in biotechnology of sialuria-mutated GNE. Expression of the sialuria-mutated GNE in CHO-cells leads to increased sialylation of recombinant expressed erythropoietin (EPO). Our data show that sialuria-mutated-GNE over-expressing cells are the perfect platform to express highly sialylated therapeutic proteins, such as EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya Bork
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
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Rodrigues Santos MTB, Siqueira WL, Nicolau J. Amylase and peroxidase activities and sialic acid concentration in saliva of adolescents with cerebral palsy. Quintessence Int 2007; 38:467-72. [PMID: 17625629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the flow rate, amylase and peroxidase activities, and total protein and sialic acid concentrations in saliva of adolescents with cerebral palsy. METHOD AND MATERIALS The saliva of 24 adolescents with cerebral palsy was compared with that of 18 adolescents without cerebral palsy, all aged around 12 years, 2 months. The whole saliva was collected under slight suction and frozen at -80 degrees C. Flow rate, amylase and peroxidase activities, and total protein and sialic acid concentrations were analyzed by standard methods. RESULTS The flow rate was low in the cerebral palsy group. The cerebral palsy group demonstrated low amylase and peroxidase activities. Boys and girls from the cerebral palsy group demonstrated higher total protein concentration than the boys and girls from the control group. Sialic acid, free and total, concentration was higher in the cerebral palsy group than in the control group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that adolescents with cerebral palsy present alterations in the salivary parameters studied that can increase the risk of oral disease in this population.
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Hashii N, Kawasaki N, Nakajima Y, Toyoda M, Katagiri Y, Itoh S, Harazono A, Umezawa A, Yamaguchi T. Study on the quality control of cell therapy products. Determination of N-glycolylneuraminic acid incorporated into human cells by nano-flow liquid chromatography/Fourier transformation ion cyclotron mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1160:263-9. [PMID: 17570377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), an acidic nine-carbon sugar, is produced in several animals, such as cattle and mice. Since human cells cannot synthesize NeuGc, it is considered to be immunogenic in humans. Recently, NeuGc contamination was reported in human embryonic stem cells cultured with xenogeneic serum and cells, suggesting that possibly NeuGc may harm the efficacy and safety of cell therapy products. Sialic acids have been determined by derivatization with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene (DMB) followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS); however, the limited availability of cell therapy products requires more sensitive and specific methods for the quality test. Here we studied the use of nano-flow liquid chromatography/Fourier transformation ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (nanoLC/FTMS) and nanoLC/MS/MS for NeuGc-specific determination at a low femtomole level. Using our method, we found NeuGc contamination of the human cell line (HL-60RG cells) cultured with human serum. Our method needs only 2.5x10(3) cells for one injection and would be applicable to the determination of NeuGc in cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Hashii
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyouga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Ogasawara Y, Namai T, Yoshino F, Lee MCI, Ishii K. Sialic acid is an essential moiety of mucin as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:2473-7. [PMID: 17485090 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we examined the antioxidant role of mucin, a typical sialic acid containing high-molecular weight glycoprotein. The function of mucin as a hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavenger was characterized using bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM). Non-treated BSM effectively protected DNA from the attack of .OH; however, desialylated BSM lost this potential. Moreover, we estimated the scavenging effects of BSM against .OH generated by UV irradiation of hydrogen peroxide using ESR analysis. Our results indicate that BSM has .OH scavenging ability the and sialic acid in mucin is an essential moiety to scavenge .OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Environmental Biology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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Nakano T, Ikawa N, Ozimek L. Detection of sialylated phosphorylated kappa-casein glycomacropeptide electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels and cellulose acetate strips by the thiobarbituric acid and malachite green dye reactions. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:2714-26. [PMID: 17348671 DOI: 10.1021/jf062987f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A 64 amino acid residue sialylated phosphorylated glycomacropeptide (GMP) from bovine sweet whey can be detected as a Coomassie blue-staining peptide by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. There is, however, limited information available concerning detection of GMP as a sialylated phosphorylated compound. Samples of GMP were electrophoresed on SDS-polyacrylamide gels or cellulose acetate strips (CAS). Immediately following electrophoresis, fractions obtained by cutting gels or strips were subjected to sialic acid determination by the thiobarbituric acid reaction and phosphorus determination by the malachite green dye reaction. Both determinations were found to be sensitive enough to detect approximately 20 and 40 microg of GMP in CAS and SDS gels, respectively. Further studies demonstrated that sialylated phosphorylated GMP can be detected on either SDS gels or CAS loaded with whey products or whey-added margarine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Nakano
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5.
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Wang T, Nam PKS, Shi H, Ma Y. Compositional Monosaccharide Analysis of Transgenic Corn Glycoproteins by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection and LC--MS with Sonic Spray Ionization. J Chromatogr Sci 2007; 45:200-6. [PMID: 17504568 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/45.4.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic corn offers an attractive, cost-effective means for the large-scale production of engineered glycoproteins suitable for pharmaceutical purposes. A glycoprotein expressed in transgenic corn theoretically should not contain glycans because glycosylation sites have been genetically altered. A sensitive and reliable analytical method is developed to investigate this particular protein for the presence of glycans by monitoring the monosaccharide composition. Identification and quantitation of low-level monosaccharides in the glycoprotein hydrolyzate are accomplished by derivatization prior to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence and liquid chromatography (LC)-sonic spray ionization (SSI)-mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. LC-SSI-MS is used to confirm the results from HPLC-fluorescence analysis and to positively identify the compositional monosaccharides. Glucosamine, glucose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, and sialic acid are found in the transgenic corn derived glycoprotein at less than one moiety per protein, which indicates heterogeneity of the particular glycoprotein. In addition to the compositional analysis of low-level monosaccharides in glycoprotein by HPLC-fluorescence, the utility of SSI for the LC-MS analysis of derivatized monosaccharides is demonstrated in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Technology, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Jaggi M, Nakagawa Y, Zipperle L, Hess B. Tamm-Horsfall protein in recurrent calcium kidney stone formers with positive family history: abnormalities in urinary excretion, molecular structure and function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 35:55-62. [PMID: 17345077 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-007-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) powerfully inhibits calcium oxalate crystal aggregation, but structurally abnormal THPs from recurrent calcium stone formers may promote crystal aggregation. Therefore, increased urinary excretion of abnormal THP might be of relevance in nephrolithiasis. We studied 44 recurrent idiopathic calcium stone formers with a positive family history of stone disease (RCSF(fam)) and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (C). Twenty-four-hour urinary THP excretion was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Structural properties of individually purified THPs were obtained from analysis of elution patterns from a Sepharose 4B column. Sialic acid (SA) contents of native whole 24-h urines, crude salt precipitates of native urines and individually purified THPs were measured. THP function was studied by measuring inhibition of CaOx crystal aggregation in vitro (pH 5.7, 200 mM sodium chloride). Twenty-four-hour urine excretion of THP was higher in RCSF(fam) (44.0 +/- 4.0 mg/day) than in C (30.9 +/- 2.2 mg/day, P = 0.015). Upon salt precipitation and lyophilization, elution from a Sepharose 4B column revealed one major peak (peak A, cross-reacting with polyclonal anti-THP antibody) and a second minor peak (peak B, not cross-reacting). THPs from RCSF(fam) eluted later than those from C (P = 0.021), and maximum width of THP peaks was higher in RCSF(fam )than in C (P = 0.024). SA content was higher in specimens from RCSF(fam) than from C, in native 24-h urines (207.5 +/- 20.4 mg vs. 135.2 +/- 16.1 mg, P = 0.013) as well as in crude salt precipitates of 24-h urines (10.4 +/- 0.5 mg vs. 7.4 +/- 0.9 mg, P = 0.002) and in purified THPs (75.3 +/- 9.3 microg/mg vs. 48.8 +/- 9.8 microg/mg THP, P = 0.043). Finally, inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal aggregation by 40 mg/L of THP was lower in RCSF(fam) (6.1 +/- 5.5%, range -62.0 to +84.2%) than in C (24.9 +/- 6.0%, range -39.8 to +82.7%), P = 0.022, and only 25 out of 44 (57%) THPs from RCSF(fam )were inhibitory (positive inhibition value) vs. 25 out of 34 (74%) THPs from C, P < 0.05. In conclusion, severely recurrent calcium stone formers with a positive family history excrete more THP than healthy controls, and their THP molecules elute later from an analytical column and contain more SA. Such increasingly aggregated THP molecules predispose to exaggerated calcium oxalate crystal aggregation, an important prerequisite for urinary stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Jaggi
- Renal Stone Clinic and Stone Research Laboratory, Policlinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
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Rajasekar P, Balasaraswathi K, Anuradha CV. Effects of L-carnitine on RBC membrane composition and function in hyperinsulinemic rats. Ital J Biochem 2007; 56:53-60. [PMID: 17511355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of L-carnitine (CA) on the susceptibility of erythrocyte (RBC) to peroxide-induced lipid oxidation, RBC membrane composition, ATPases activity and oxidative stress in fructose-fed hyperinsulinemic rats. The rats were subjected to experimental hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia by feeding a high fructose diet (60 g/100 g) for 6 weeks. The rats showed significant alterations in the RBC membrane composition. The protein content was lower than control animals, while cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids were higher in fructose-fed animals. Significant differences in the total carbohydrate and relative proportions of hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose of membranes were observed. In these rats, membrane-bound ATPases (total ATPase, Na+, K+ ATPase, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ATPases) were significantly lower while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides (LHP) in RBC membrane were significantly higher than those of control rats. The red cells were more susceptible to peroxide-induced oxidative stress that correlated with reduced levels of vitamin E found RBC membrane. When fructose-diet fed rats were treated simultaneously with CA (300 mg/kg b.w/day, i.p.), such alterations in membrane composition and enzyme activities did not occur. Effects of fructose loading on lipid peroxidation was also alleviated by CA. These findings suggest that high levels of dietary fructose is detrimental to RBC membrane integrity and that CA may have membrane stabilizing effects in this diet-induced model of type 2-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rajasekar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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