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Tauber AL, Schweiker SS, Levonis SM. The potential association between PARP14 and SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). Future Med Chem 2021; 13:587-592. [PMID: 33467912 PMCID: PMC7818771 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the potential association between the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase member 14 (PARP14) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may aid in understanding the host immunopathological response to the virus. PARP14 has an emerging role in viral infections, and this article considers its potential mechanisms for action in either a pro- or anti-viral manner. It is evident that more experimental work is required; however, PARP14 appears vital in controlling the interferon response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and has potential roles in balancing the proinflammatory cytokines of the cytokine storm. Furthermore, the SARS-CoV-2 macrodomain can prevent the PARP14-mediated antiviral response, suggesting a more complex relationship between PARP14 activity and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Tauber
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4229, Australia
| | - Stephanie S Schweiker
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4229, Australia
| | - Stephan M Levonis
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4229, Australia
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Abstract
This review aims to reflect upon the major developments in PARP14 research from late 2017 to early 2020. In doing so, this report will focus on the continual elucidation of PARP14's function including an emerging role in viral replication. This is in addition to other functional developments in cancer and inflammation, along with reflecting upon the leads in inhibitor design, including the increased attention toward the macrodomain. This report will also include a brief recap on contemporary poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and reflect upon the development surrounding the other poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases to overall give a succinct update to assist the development of selective PARP14 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Tauber
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast 4229, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephan M Levonis
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast 4229, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephanie S Schweiker
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast 4229, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. Schweiker
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond University Gold Coast 4229 Queensland Australia
| | - Amanda L. Tauber
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond University Gold Coast 4229 Queensland Australia
| | - Caleb M. Kam
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond University Gold Coast 4229 Queensland Australia
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- Deakin University Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Campus Geelong 3216 Victoria Australia
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Deakin University Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Campus Geelong 3216 Victoria Australia
| | - Stephan M. Levonis
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond University Gold Coast 4229 Queensland Australia
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Levonis SM, Pittet J, Pointon BCM, Schweiker SS. Combining versatility with cost-effectiveness: Determination of both free and bound sialic acids, N-acetylneuraminic and N-glycolylneuraminic in unprocessed bovine milk. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1104:130-133. [PMID: 30469128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M Levonis
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Julie Pittet
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bethaney C M Pointon
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephanie S Schweiker
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland, Australia
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Schweiker SS, Tauber AL, Sherry ME, Levonis SM. Structure, Function and Inhibition of Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, Member 14 (PARP14). Mini Rev Med Chem 2018; 18:1659-1669. [PMID: 30112992 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180816111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, member 14 (PARP14, alternatively named ARTD8, BAL2, and COAST6) is an intracellular mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferase. PARP14 transfers a negatively charged ADP-ribose unit from a donor NAD+ molecule onto a target protein, post-translationally. PARP14's domain architecture consists of three macrodomains (Macro1, Macro2 and Macro3), a WWE domain and an ARTD (or catalytic domain). The Macro2 and Macro3 domains bind ADPribose (ADPr) with high affinity, whereas the WWE domain stabilizes the protein structure by binding to ADPr derivatives. The catalytic domain is involved in binding the NAD+ and catalyzing the mono- ADP-ribosylation reaction. PARP14 has been identified as a possible anti-cancer and antiinflammatory target. Acting as a transcriptional co-activator for STAT6, PARP14 acts to promote the over activation of the Th2 immune response, thus promoting the metabolic change to an anaerobic state (Warburg effect) and activation of cell survival pathways through JNK2 and the PGI/AMF complex. These changes are consistent with the metabolic sophistication observed in cancer, and the immune imbalance in inflammatory diseases. Current literature on selective and unselective PARP14 inhibitors are reviewed and discussed. Although there is no evidence that selective PARP inhibitors would be advantageous we have proposed some strategies for future design of selective PARP14 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Schweiker
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Amanda L Tauber
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Madeleine E Sherry
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Stephan M Levonis
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Lohning AE, Levonis SM, Williams-Noonan B, Schweiker SS. A Practical Guide to Molecular Docking and Homology Modelling for Medicinal Chemists. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 17:2023-2040. [PMID: 28137238 DOI: 10.2174/1568026617666170130110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating details of the relationship between molecular structure and a particular biological end point is essential for successful, rational drug discovery. Molecular docking is a widely accepted tool for lead identification however, navigating the intricacies of the software can be daunting. Our objective was therefore to provide a step-by-step guide for those interested in incorporating contemporary basic molecular docking and homology modelling into their design strategy. Three molecular docking programs, AutoDock4, SwissDock and Surflex-Dock, were compared in the context of a case study where a set of steroidal and non-steroidal ligands were docked into the human androgen receptor (hAR) using both rigid and flexible target atoms. Metrics for comparison included how well each program predicted the X-ray structure orientation via root mean square deviation (rmsd), predicting known actives via ligand ranking and comparison to biological data where available. Benchmarking metrics were discussed in terms of identifying accurate and reliable results. For cases where no three dimensional structure exists, we provided a practical example for creating a homology model using Swiss-Model. Results showed an rmsd between X-ray ligands from wild-type and mutant receptors and docked poses were 4.15Å and 0.83Å (SwissDock), 2.69Å and 8.80Å (AutoDock4) and 0.39Å and 0.71Å (Surflex-Dock) respectively. Surflex-Dock performed consistently well in pose prediction (less than 2Å) while Auto- Dock4 predicted known active non-steroidal antiandrogens most accurately. Introducing flexibility into target atoms produced the largest degree of change in ligand ranking in Surflex-Dock. We produced a viable homology model of the P2X1 purireceptor for subsequent docking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Lohning
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland. Australia
| | - Stephan M Levonis
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland. Australia
| | - Billy Williams-Noonan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland. Australia
| | - Stephanie S Schweiker
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, 4229, Queensland. Australia
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Pappin BB, Levonis SM, Healy PC, Kiefel MJ, Simone MI, Houston TA. Crystallization-induced amide bond formation creates a boron-centered spirocyclic system. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe 5-nitrosalicylate ester of 2-acetamidophenylboronic acid (C15H10BN2O6) is formed under crystallization conditions from the 5-nitrosalicylate ester of 2-aminophenylboronic acid. The boron at the center of this structure exists as a tetrahedral complex produced by a dative bond with the amide carbonyl. The perpendicular shape produces an unusual packing structure including a bifurcated hydrogen bond between the amide hydrogen and carbonyl groups on two neighboring molecules. We propose that this reaction occurs due to increased Lewis acidity of the nitrosalicylate ester of 2-aminophenylboronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brighid B. Pappin
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Stephan M. Levonis
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Peter C. Healy
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Milton J. Kiefel
- Institute for Glycomics and School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michela I. Simone
- Discipline of Chemistry, Priority Research Centre for Chemical Biology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Todd A. Houston
- Institute for Glycomics and School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Abstract
Boric acid catalyzes methyl esterification of certain sugar acids (sialic acid, deaminated neuraminic acid) and related natural products (quinic acid) quite cleanly in some cases. However, closely related sugar acids (glucuronic acid, 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid) failed to esterify under the same conditions. Factors governing this dichotomy are discussed.
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Levonis SM, Kiefel MJ, Houston TA. Comparing Self-Assembling and Covalent Fluorescent Boronolectins for the Detection of Free Sialic Acid. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A self-assembling fluorescence sensor with boronic acid functionalities was tested for binding selectivity to the monosaccharide, sialic acid. Working from a previously reported system, a self-assembling system could form an imine in situ that enables a conjugated fluorophore to display a measurable change in fluorescence in the presence of monosaccharide. However, further examination showed that free sugars give a similar fluorescence response to just the m-aminophenylboronic acid moiety on its own. Still, such a self-assembly method may be applicable to cell surface saccharide sensing as aldehydes and ketones are noticeably absent on most cells’ exteriors. The original covalent receptor appears best suited for the detection of free sialic acid.
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Levonis SM, Kiefel MJ, Houston TA, Healy PC. 2-Propynyl 2-hydroxybenzoate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o226-7. [PMID: 21580108 PMCID: PMC2980208 DOI: 10.1107/s160053680905421x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C10H8O3, has been synthesized as part of our investigations into the generation of new antibacterial agents and serves as a building block for the synthesis of compound libraries. The compound crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The transoid propynyl ester groups are coplanar with the 2-hydroxybenzoate group with maximum deviations of −0.3507 (3) and 0.1591 (3) Å for the terminal carbons, with intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding providing rigidity to the structure and ensuring that the reactivity of the alkyne is not compromised by steric factors. The propynyl group forms intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions with the phenolic O atom. Supramolecular chains along the b axis are found for both molecules with links by weak O—H⋯O intermolecular interactions in the first independent molecule and C—H⋯O interactions in the second.
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Levonis SM, Kiefel MJ, Houston TA. Boronolectin with divergent fluorescent response specific for free sialic acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:2278-80. [DOI: 10.1039/b900836p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Whereas interaction of boron acids (boric and boronic) with diols and neutral sugar ligands has received much global research attention in recent years, the binding of simple α-hydroxycarboxylic and sugar acids by boron has received less attention. Applications of boron-based fluorescent sensors and chemoselective catalysts targeting this functional motif have appeared only in the past 5 years. The present synopsis will focus on rapid developments that have occurred in both areas during this half decade.
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Abstract
Boric acid catalyzes the monoesterification of malonic acid, likely through a chelation mechanism that is not available to the monoester product. Under more forcing conditions, diesters form to some extent, but conditions can be optimized to favour the monoester product (56–80%). With the easily handled solid acid catalyst, these reactions can be run with excess alcohol as solvent or with stoichiometric amounts of alcohol in acetonitrile with moderate heating.
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