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Won EJ, Choi B, Hong S, Khim JS, Shin KH. Importance of accurate trophic level determination by nitrogen isotope of amino acids for trophic magnification studies: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:677-690. [PMID: 29621727 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last several decades, persistent organic pollutants and metals cause great concern for their toxicity in organisms as well as for their bioaccumulation and/or trophic transfer through the food chains in ecosystems. A large number of studies therefore have focused on the trophic levels of organisms to illustrate food web structure, as a critical component in the study of pollutant dynamics and biomagnification. The trends in biomagnification of pollutants in food webs indeed provide fundamental information about the properties and fates of pollutants in ecosystems. The trophic magnification supports the establishment of a reliable trophic structure, which can further aid the understanding of the transport and exposure routes of contaminants in accumulation and risk assessments. Recently, efforts to interpret the food web structure using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios have contributed to better understanding of the fate of pollutants in the ecosystem. However, it is known that this isotope analysis of bulk ones has many weaknesses, particularly for uncertainties on the estimate of trophic levels and therefore of magnification factors for studied organisms, enough to support a regulatory interpretation. In this review, we collate studies that investigated biomagnification characteristics of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, along with calculated trophic magnification factors. Moreover, we introduce a novel approach, compound-specific stable isotope analysis of nitrogen in amino acids, to establish reliable food web structures and accurate trophic levels for biomagnification studies. This method promises to provide sound results for interpreting the influence of the pollutant in organisms, along with their bioaccumulation and magnification characteristics, as well as that in ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyung Choi
- Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
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Babut M, Labadie P, Simonnet-Laprade C, Munoz G, Roger MC, Ferrari BJD, Budzinski H, Sivade E. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl compounds in freshwater fish from the Rhône River: Influence of fish size, diet, prey contamination and biotransformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:38-47. [PMID: 28654807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pools of aquatic plants and benthic invertebrates were collected along with 47 individuals from three cyprinid fish species (Barbus barbus, Gobio gobio, Rutilus rutilus) at a site in the Rhône River (France). Carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios (δ13C and δ15N) and a wide range of per- and poly-fluorinated chemicals (PFASs) were analysed in all samples. The sum of PFAS concentrations (ΣPFAS) increased from aquatic plants to fish dorsal muscles; molecular profiles were dominated by C9-C13 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), while perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) were detected in all samples at lower concentrations. ΣPFAS and especially ΣPFCAs were higher in barbels (B. barbus) than in other species, while roaches (R. rutilus) were less contaminated by PFOS than barbels and gudgeons (G. gobio). Gudgeons accumulated significantly higher FOSA concentrations. Young (small) barbels displayed significantly higher PFOS, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) concentrations than did large specimens; conversely, perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) concentrations were significantly higher in large barbels. Multiple linear regressions were performed on the whole set of fish samples with size, mass and isotopic ratios as explicative variables, and several single compounds as explained variables. Regardless of the compound, the regressions did not explain much of the contamination variability. However, adding species as a qualitative variable, i.e. performing analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) improved the fit greatly, while adding sex did not. Diet (i.e. δ13C and δ15N) was the main factor explaining interspecific differences. Biotransformation was assessed by comparing concentration ratios of PFOS or FOSA to their precursors in the food-web compartments. These ratios increased from invertebrates to fish, and differed among fish species, suggesting that biotransformation occurred but was species-specific. Biomagnification factor calculations showed that C11-C13 PFCAs, PFOS and FOSA were apparently biomagnified in barbels and gudgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Babut
- Irstea, UR MALY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, BP 32108, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Pierre Labadie
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France; CNRS, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Caroline Simonnet-Laprade
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Marie-Claude Roger
- Irstea, UR MALY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, BP 32108, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Benoit J D Ferrari
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Eawag/EPFL, EPFL ENAC IIE-GE, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France; CNRS, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), UMR 5805 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie de l'environnement (LPTC), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Eve Sivade
- Rhone-Mediterranean and Corsica Water Agency, 2-4 allée de Lodz, 69363 Lyon, France
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Varol M, Kaya GK, Alp A. Heavy metal and arsenic concentrations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in a dam reservoir on the Firat (Euphrates) River: Risk-based consumption advisories. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1288-1296. [PMID: 28525936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of ten metals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in the Karakaya Dam Reservoir (Turkey) on the Firat River were determined. The metal concentrations in rainbow trout did not exceed the maximum permissible levels. Biomagnification factors (BMF) of ten metals were <1, indicating that these metals were not biomagnified. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of each metal was much lower than the respective tolerable daily intake (TDI). The target hazard quotient (THQ) for individual metal and total THQ for combined metals were lower than 1, indicating no health risk for consumers due to the intake of either individual metal or combined metals. The cancer risk (CR) value for toxic inorganic As was below 10-6, indicating no carcinogenic risk. According to the calculated maximum allowable consumption rates (CRmm), an adult may safely consume 28 meals of rainbow trout from the dam reservoir per month with no adverse carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects. According to these results, the consumption of rainbow trout farmed in this dam reservoir is completely safe for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memet Varol
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Aquatic Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Gülderen Kurt Kaya
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fish Processing Technology, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Alper Alp
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fish Processing Technology, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
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54
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Munoz G, Budzinski H, Babut M, Drouineau H, Lauzent M, Menach KL, Lobry J, Selleslagh J, Simonnet-Laprade C, Labadie P. Evidence for the Trophic Transfer of Perfluoroalkylated Substances in a Temperate Macrotidal Estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8450-8459. [PMID: 28679050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present survey examines the trophodynamics of a suite of 19 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a temperate macrotidal estuary (Gironde, SW France). Across the 147 biota samples (18 taxa) collected, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), and C8-C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) were the most-recurrent analytes. ΣPFASs ranged between 0.66-45 ng per g of wet weight of the whole body. Benthic organisms had relatively high ΣPFASs compared to demersal organisms and displayed specific composition profiles with higher relative abundances of C8 and C9 PFCAs. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were determined through the use of linear mixed effect models including censored data, thereby considering data below detection limits as well as the interspecific variability of δ15N and PFAS levels (random effects). TMFs were almost consistently >1 in the benthic food web as well as when considering all data pooled together, providing evidence for the biomagnification of several PFASs in estuarine environments. In addition, in contrast with previous observations, TMFs determined in the estuarine benthic web were found to significantly decrease with increasing chain length for C8-C14 PFCAs and C6-C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates. This suggests that PFAS chemical structure might not be necessarily predictive of TMFs, which are also influenced by the trophic web characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Munoz
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805 , F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Marc Babut
- IRSTEA, UR MALY , F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Mathilde Lauzent
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805 , F-33400 Talence, France
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Mudumbi JBN, Ntwampe SKO, Matsha T, Mekuto L, Itoba-Tombo EF. Recent developments in polyfluoroalkyl compounds research: a focus on human/environmental health impact, suggested substitutes and removal strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:402. [PMID: 28721589 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Between the late 1940s and early 1950s, humans manufactured polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) using electrochemical fluorination and telomerisation technologies, whereby hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms, thus conferring unnatural and unique physicochemical properties to these compounds. Presently, there are wide ranges of PFCs, and owing to their bioaccumulative properties, they have been detected in various environmental matrices and in human sera. It has thus been suggested that they are hazardous. Hence, this review aims at highlighting the recent development in PFC research, with a particular focus on perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), the most studied and predominantly found PFCs in various environmental matrices, although recent reports have included perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), which was previously regarded as innocuously harmless, when compared to its counterparts, PFOA and PFOS. As such, proper investigations are thus required for a better understanding of short-chain PFC substitutes, which have been suggested as suitable replacements to long-chained PFCs, although these substitutes have also been suggested to pose various health risks comparable to those associated with long-chain PFCs. Similarly, several novel technologies, such as PFC reduction using zero-valent iron, including removal at point of use, adsorption and coagulation, have been proposed. However, regardless of how efficient removers some of these techniques have proven to be, short-chain PFCs remain a challenge to overcome for scientists, in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baptist Nzukizi Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Tandi Matsha
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Elie Fereche Itoba-Tombo
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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56
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Xie Z, Lu G, Yan Z, Liu J, Wang P, Wang Y. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals in food webs from a large freshwater lake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:356-366. [PMID: 28034558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are increasingly detected in environmental matrices, but information on their trophic transfer in aquatic food webs is insufficient. This study investigated the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of 23 pharmaceuticals in Taihu Lake, China. Pharmaceutical concentrations were analyzed in surface water, sediments and 14 aquatic species, including plankton, invertebrates and fish collected from the lake. The median concentrations of the detected pharmaceuticals ranged from not detected (ND) to 49 ng/L in water, ND to 49 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments, and from ND to 130 ng/g dw in biota. Higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals were found in zoobenthos relative to plankton, shrimp and fish muscle. In fish tissues, the observed pharmaceutical contents in the liver and brain were generally higher than those in the gills and muscle. Both bioaccumulation factors (median BAFs: 19-2008 L/kg) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (median BSAFs: 0.0010-0.037) indicated a low bioaccumulation potential for the target pharmaceuticals. For eight of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in food webs, the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were analyzed from two different regions of Taihu Lake. The TMFs for roxithromycin, propranolol, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in the two food webs ranged from 0.28 to 1.25, suggesting that none of these pharmaceuticals experienced trophic magnification. In addition, the pharmaceutical TMFs did not differ significantly between the two regions in Taihu Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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57
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Wu Y, Tan H, Sutton R, Chen D. From Sediment to Top Predators: Broad Exposure of Polyhalogenated Carbazoles in San Francisco Bay (U.S.A.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2038-2046. [PMID: 28112952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides the first comprehensive investigation of polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) contamination in an aquatic ecosystem. PHCZs have been found in soil and aquatic sediment from several different regions, but knowledge of their bioaccumulation and trophodynamics is extremely scarce. This work investigated a suite of 11 PHCZ congeners in San Francisco Bay (United States) sediment and organisms, including bivalves (n = 6 composites), sport fish (n = 12 composites), harbor seal blubber (n = 18), and bird eggs (n = 8 composites). The most detectable congeners included 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (36-CCZ), 3,6-dibromocarbazole (36-BCZ), 1,3,6-tribromocarbazole (136-BCZ), 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole (1368-BCZ), and 1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole (18-B-36-CCZ). The median concentrations of ΣPHCZs were 9.3 ng/g dry weight in sediment and ranged from 33.7 to 164 ng/g lipid weight in various species. Biomagnification was observed from fish to harbor seal and was mainly driven by chlorinated carbazoles, particularly 36-CCZ. Congener compositions of PHCZs differed among species, suggesting that individual congeners may be subject to different bioaccumulation or metabolism in species occupying various trophic levels in the studied aquatic system. Toxic equivalent (TEQ) values of PHCZs were determined on the basis of their relative effect potencies (REP) compared to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The median TEQ was 1.2 pg TEQ/g dry weight in sediment and 4.8-19.5 pg TEQ/g lipid weight in biological tissues. Our study demonstrated the broad exposure of PHCZs in San Francisco Bay and their characteristics of bioaccumulation and biomagnification along with dioxin-like effects. These findings raise the need for additional research to better elucidate their sources, environmental behavior, and fate in global environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Hongli Tan
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Rebecca Sutton
- San Francisco Estuary Institute , 4911 Central Avenue, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| | - Da Chen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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58
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Mackay D, Celsie AKD, Arnot JA, Powell DE. Processes influencing chemical biomagnification and trophic magnification factors in aquatic ecosystems: Implications for chemical hazard and risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 154:99-108. [PMID: 27038905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) are widely used in scientific and regulatory programs to assess chemical hazards. There is increasing interest in also using biomagnification factors (BMFs) and trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for this purpose, especially for highly hydrophobic substances that may reach high concentrations in predatory species that occupy high trophic level positions in ecosystems. Measurements of TMFs in specific ecosystems can provide invaluable confirmation that biomagnification or biodilution has occurred across food webs, but their use in a regulatory context can be controversial because of uncertainties related to the reliability of measurements and their regulatory interpretation. The objective of this study is to explore some of the recognized uncertainties and dependencies in field BMFs and TMFs. This is accomplished by compiling a set of three simple food web models (pelagic, demersal and combined pelagic-demersal) consisting of up to seven species to simulate field BMFs and TMFs and to explore their dependences on hydrophobicity (expressed as log KOW), rates of biotransformation and growth, sediment-water fugacity ratios, and extent of food web omnivory and issues that arise when chemical concentration gradients exist in aquatic ecosystems. It is shown that empirical TMFs can be highly sensitive to these factors, thus the use of TMFs in a regulatory context must recognize these sensitivities. It is suggested that simple but realistic evaluative food web models could be used to extend BCF and BAF assessments to include BMFs and TMFs, thus providing a tool to address bioaccumulation hazard and the potential risk of exposures to elevated chemical concentrations in organisms at high trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Mackay
- Chemical Properties Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L OG2, Canada.
| | - Alena K D Celsie
- Chemical Properties Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9L OG2, Canada.
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting Inc., 36 Sproat Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4M 1W4, Canada; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - David E Powell
- Dow Corning Corporation, Health and Environmental Sciences, Auburn, MI 48611, USA.
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59
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Kim J, Gobas FAPC, Arnot JA, Powell DE, Seston RM, Woodburn KB. Evaluating the roles of biotransformation, spatial concentration differences, organism home range, and field sampling design on trophic magnification factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 551-552:438-451. [PMID: 26891010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) are field-based measurements of the bioaccumulation behavior of chemicals in food-webs. TMFs can provide valuable insights into the bioaccumulation behavior of chemicals. However, bioaccumulation metrics such as TMF may be subject to considerable uncertainty as a consequence of systematic bias and the influence of confounding variables. This study seeks to investigate the role of systematic bias resulting from spatially-variable concentrations in water and sediments and biotransformation rates on the determination of TMF. For this purpose, a multibox food-web bioaccumulation model was developed to account for spatial concentration differences and movement of organisms on chemical concentrations in aquatic biota and TMFs. Model calculated and reported field TMFs showed good agreement for persistent polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and biotransformable phthalate esters (PEs) in a marine aquatic food-web. Model testing showed no systematic bias and good precision in the estimation of the TMF for PCB congeners but an apparent underestimation of model calculated TMFs, relative to reported field TMFs, for PEs. A model sensitivity analysis showed that sampling designs that ignore the presence of concentration gradients may cause systematically biased and misleading TMF values. The model demonstrates that field TMFs are most sensitive to concentration gradients and species migration patterns for substances that are subject to a low degree of biomagnification or trophic dilution. The model is useful in anticipating the effect of spatial concentration gradients on the determination of the TMF; guiding species collection strategies in TMF studies; and interpretation of the results of field bioaccumulation studies in study locations where spatial differences in chemical concentration exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeshin Kim
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Corning Corporation, 2200 W. Salzburg Road, Auburn, MI 48611, USA
| | - Frank A P C Gobas
- School of Resource & Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting Inc., 36 Sproat Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4M 1W4, Canada; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - David E Powell
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Corning Corporation, 2200 W. Salzburg Road, Auburn, MI 48611, USA
| | - Rita M Seston
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Corning Corporation, 2200 W. Salzburg Road, Auburn, MI 48611, USA
| | - Kent B Woodburn
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Dow Corning Corporation, 2200 W. Salzburg Road, Auburn, MI 48611, USA
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