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Feng H, Zhang Y, Liu K, Zhu Y, Yang Z, Zhang X, Liu Y. Intrinsic gene changes determine the successful establishment of stable renal cancer cell lines from tumor tissue. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2526-2534. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Feng
- Cell Resource Center, Department of Pathology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology; Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Kan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology; Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Cell Resource Center, Department of Pathology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Zhenli Yang
- Cell Resource Center, Department of Pathology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Urology; Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Cell Resource Center, Department of Pathology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University; Beijing China
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52
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Incorrect strain information for mouse cell lines: sequential influence of misidentification on sublines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 53:225-230. [PMID: 27844419 PMCID: PMC5348555 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Misidentification or cross-contamination of cell lines can cause serious issues. Human cell lines have been authenticated by short tandem repeat profiling; however, mouse cell lines have not been adequately assessed. In this study, mouse cell lines registered with the JCRB cell bank were examined by simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) analysis to identify their strains. Based on comparisons with 7 major inbred strains, our results revealed their strains in 80 of 90 cell lines. However, 12 of the 80 cell lines (15%) were found to differ from registered information. Of them, 4 cell lines originated from the same mouse, which had been generated through mating between two different inbred strains. The genotype of the mouse sample had not been examined after the backcross, leading to strain misidentification in those cell lines. Although 8 other cell lines had been established as sublines of a BALB/c cell line, their SSLP profiles are similar to a Swiss cell line. This affects differences in genotypes between inbred and outbred strains. Because the use of inbred samples and interbreeding between strains are not involved in human materials, our results suggest that the cause and influence of misidentification in mouse cell lines are different from those in human.
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Abstract
Different genomic technologies have been applied to cell line authentication, but only one method (short tandem repeat [STR] profiling) has been the subject of a comprehensive and definitive standard (ASN-0002). Here we discuss the power of this document and why standards such as this are so critical for establishing the consensus technical criteria and practices that can enable progress in the fields of research that use cell lines. We also examine other methods that could be used for authentication and discuss how a combination of methods could be used in a holistic fashion to assess various critical aspects of the quality of cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Almeida
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Cole
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anne L. Plant
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, The National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
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Wu X, Deng L, Tang D, Ying G, Yao X, Liu F, Liang G. miR-615-5p prevents proliferation and migration through negatively regulating serine hydromethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6813-21. [PMID: 26662310 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that miR-615-5p was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) preventing both growth and migration. However, the underlying mechanism by which miR-615-5p played a role in HCC remains unknown. Here, in our present study, to investigate the mechanism of miR-615-5p, bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assay were employed to ascertain the downstream target of miR-615-5p finding that the serine hydromethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) was the direct downstream target. Knockdown or overexpression of miR-615-5p can lead to increasing or decreasing expression of SHMT2 in HCC cells. Besides, knockdown or overexpression of SHMT2 can suppress or promote both proliferation and migration of HCC cells, indicating that miR-615-5p can directly and negatively regulate the SHMT2 in HCC cells. In addition, to understand the clinicopathological significance of SHMT2 expression in HCC, immunohistochemistry was performed. It was found that SHMT2 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis and TNM stage. Together, our results for the first time showed that miR-615-5p prevents proliferation and migration through negatively regulating SHMT2 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510700, China., Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510700, People's Republic of China
| | - Decai Tang
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Gang Ying
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xuequan Yao
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fukun Liu
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 282 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Gui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Maïga S, Brosseau C, Descamps G, Dousset C, Gomez-Bougie P, Chiron D, Ménoret E, Kervoelen C, Vié H, Cesbron A, Moreau-Aubry A, Amiot M, Pellat-Deceunynck C. A simple flow cytometry-based barcode for routine authentication of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma cell lines. Cytometry A 2015; 87:285-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Maïga
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
- Service D'hématologie; CHU Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
| | - Carole Brosseau
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
| | - Géraldine Descamps
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
| | - Christelle Dousset
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
- Centre D'investigation Clinique; CHU De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
| | - Patricia Gomez-Bougie
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
- Service D'hématologie; CHU Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
| | - David Chiron
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
| | | | - Charlotte Kervoelen
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
- Myelomax SAS; Nantes France
| | - Henri Vié
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
| | - Anne Cesbron
- Laboratoire D'histocompatibilité Et D'immunogénétique; Etablissement Français Du Sang Pays De Loire; Nantes F-44000 France
| | - Agnès Moreau-Aubry
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
| | - Martine Amiot
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
- Service D'hématologie; CHU Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
| | - Catherine Pellat-Deceunynck
- INSERM; UMR892; Nantes F-44000 France
- Université De Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
- CNRS; UMR 6299; Nantes F-44000 France
- Service D'hématologie; CHU Nantes; Nantes F-44000 France
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56
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Kono K, Takada N, Yasuda S, Sawada R, Niimi S, Matsuyama A, Sato Y. Characterization of the cell growth analysis for detection of immortal cellular impurities in human mesenchymal stem cells. Biologicals 2014; 43:146-9. [PMID: 25523786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of in vitro cell senescence/growth after serial passaging can be one of ways to show the absence of immortalized cells, which are frequently tumorigenic, in human cell-processed therapeutic products (hCTPs). However, the performance of the cell growth analysis for detection of the immortalized cellular impurities has never been evaluated. In the present study, we examined the growth rates of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs, passage 5 (P = 5)) contaminated with various doses of HeLa cells, and compared with that of hMSCs alone. The growth rates of the contaminated hMSCs were comparable to that of hMSCs alone at P = 5, but significantly increased at P = 6 (0.1% and 0.01% HeLa) or P = 7 (0.001% HeLa) within 30 days. These findings suggest that the cell growth analysis is a simple and sensitive method to detect immortalized cellular impurities in hCTPs derived from human somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kono
- Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kami-yoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Takada
- Division of Cellular & Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kami-yoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; Research on Disease Bioresources, Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease and Health Policy, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Kobe International Business Center Rm#602, 5-5-2 Minatojima-Minami-Machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cellular & Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kami-yoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Rumi Sawada
- Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kami-yoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Shingo Niimi
- Division of Medical Devices, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kami-yoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Research on Disease Bioresources, Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease and Health Policy, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Kobe International Business Center Rm#602, 5-5-2 Minatojima-Minami-Machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cellular & Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kami-yoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan; Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Quality Assurance Science for Pharmaceuticals, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Aichi, Japan; Department of Cellular & Gene Therapy Products, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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57
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Olszewska A, Bednarczyk P, Siemen D, Szewczyk A. Modulation of the mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-regulated potassium channel by polyunsaturated fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1602-10. [PMID: 25046142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites can modulate several biochemical processes in the cell and thus prevent various diseases. PUFAs have a number of cellular targets, including membrane proteins. They can interact with plasma membrane and intracellular potassium channels. The goal of this work was to verify the interaction between PUFAs and the most common and intensively studied mitochondrial large conductance Ca(2+)-regulated potassium channel (mitoBKCa). For this purpose human astrocytoma U87 MG cell lines were investigated using a patch-clamp technique. We analyzed the effects of arachidonic acid (AA); eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), which is a non-metabolizable analog of AA; docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The open probability (Po) of the channel did not change significantly after application of 10μM ETYA. Po increased, however, after adding 10μM AA. The application of 30μM DHA or 10μM EPA also increased the Po of the channel. Additionally, the number of open channels in the patch increased in the presence of 30μM EPA. Collectively, our results indicate that PUFAs regulate the BKCa channel from the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Detlef Siemen
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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58
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Cell line cross-contamination: WSU-CLL is a known derivative of REH and is unsuitable as a model for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leuk Res 2014; 38:999-1001. [PMID: 24923861 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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59
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Capes-Davis A, Alston-Roberts C, Kerrigan L, Reid YA, Barrett T, Burnett EC, Cooper JR, Dirks WG, MacLeod RAF, Drexler HG, Freshney RI, Healy L, Kohara A, Korch C, Masters JRW, Nakamura Y, Nims RW, Storts DR. Beware imposters: MA-1, a novel MALT lymphoma cell line, is misidentified and corresponds to Pfeiffer, a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell line. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:986-8. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Capes-Davis
- CellBank Australia - Children's Medical Research Institute; Westmead; New South Wales; Australia
| | | | - Liz Kerrigan
- American Type Culture Collection (ATCC); Manassas; VA
| | | | - Tanya Barrett
- National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI); National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda; MD
| | | | - Jim R. Cooper
- Culture Collections Public Health England; Porton Down; UK
| | - Wilhelm G. Dirks
- Leibnitz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures; Braunschweig; Germany
| | - Roderick A. F. MacLeod
- Leibnitz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures; Braunschweig; Germany
| | - Hans G. Drexler
- Leibnitz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures; Braunschweig; Germany
| | - R. Ian Freshney
- Institute of Cancer Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow; UK
| | - Lyn Healy
- UK Stem Cell Bank; National Institute for Biological Standards and Control; Potters Bar; UK
| | - Arihiro Kohara
- Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources (JCRB); National Institute of Biomedical Innovation; Osaka; Japan
| | - Christopher Korch
- DNA Sequencing and Analysis Core; University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora; CO
| | - John R. W. Masters
- The Prostate Cancer Research Centre; University College London; London; UK
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- RIKEN BioResource Center; Cell Engineering Division; Tsukuba; Japan
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60
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Johnen G, Rozynek P, von der Gathen Y, Bryk O, Zdrenka R, Johannes C, Weber DG, Igwilo-Okuefuna OB, Raiko I, Hippler J, Brüning T, Dopp E. Cross-contamination of a UROtsa stock with T24 cells--molecular comparison of different cell lines and stocks. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64139. [PMID: 23691160 PMCID: PMC3656924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UROtsa is an authentic, immortalized human urothelial cell line that is used to study the effects of metals and other toxic substances, mostly in the context of bladder cancer carcinogenesis. Unusual properties on the molecular level of a provided UROtsa cell line stock prompted us to verify its identity. METHODS UROtsa cell line stocks from different sources were tested on several molecular levels and compared with other cell lines. MicroRNA and mRNA expression was determined by Real-Time PCR. Chromosome numbers were checked and PCR of different regions of the large T-antigen was performed. DNA methylation of RARB, PGR, RASSF1, CDH1, FHIT, ESR1, C1QTNF6, PTGS2, SOCS3, MGMT, and LINE1 was analyzed by pyrosequencing and compared with results from the cell lines RT4, T24, HeLa, BEAS-2B, and HepG2. Finally, short tandem repeat (STR) profiling was applied. RESULTS All tested UROtsa cell line stocks lacked large T-antigen. STR analysis unequivocally identified our main UROtsa stock as the bladder cancer cell line T24, which was different from two authentic UROtsa stocks that served as controls. Analysis of DNA methylation patterns and RNA expression confirmed their differences. Methylation pattern and mRNA expression of the contaminating T24 cell line showed moderate changes even after long-term culture of up to 56 weeks, whereas miRNAs and chromosome numbers varied markedly. CONCLUSIONS It is important to check the identity of cell lines, especially those that are not distributed by major cell banks. However, for some cell lines STR profiles are not available. Therefore, new cell lines should either be submitted to cell banks or at least their STR profile determined and published as part of their initial characterization. Our results should help to improve the identification of UROtsa and other cells on different molecular levels and provide information on the use of urothelial cells for long-term experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum, IPA, Bochum, Germany.
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61
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Somaschini A, Amboldi N, Nuzzo A, Scacheri E, Ukmar G, Ballinari D, Malyszko J, Raddrizzani L, Landonio A, Gasparri F, Galvani A, Isacchi A, Bosotti R. Cell line identity finding by fingerprinting, an optimized resource for short tandem repeat profile authentication. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:254-9. [PMID: 23356232 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of biological data on wide panels of tumor cell lines is recognized as a valid contribution to the cancer research community. However, research laboratories can benefit from this knowledge only after the identity of each individual cell line used in the experiments is verified and matched to external sources. Among the methods employed to assess cell line identity, DNA fingerprinting by profiling Short Tandem Repeat (STR) at variable loci has become the method of choice. However, the analysis of cancer cell lines is sometimes complicated by their intrinsic genetic instability, resulting in multiple allele calls per locus. In addition, comparison of data across different sources must deal with the heterogeneity of published profiles both in terms of number and type of loci used. The aim of this work is to provide the scientific community a homogeneous reference dataset for 300 widely used tumor cell lines, profiled in parallel on 16 loci. This large dataset is interfaced with an in-house developed software tool for Cell Line Identity Finding by Fingerprinting (CLIFF), featuring an original identity score calculation, which facilitates the comparison of STR profiles from different sources and enables accurate calls when multiple loci are present. CLIFF additionally allows import and query of proprietary STR profile datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Somaschini
- Business Unit Oncology, Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l., Nerviano (MI), Italy
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Misled by animal studies and basic research? Whenever we take a closer look at the outcome of clinical trials in a field such as, most recently, stroke or septic shock, we see how limited the value of our preclinical models was. For all indications, 95% of drugs that enter clinical trials do not make it to the market, despite all promise of the (animal) models used to develop them. Drug development has started already to decrease its reliance on animal models: In Europe, for example, despite increasing R&D expenditure, animal use by pharmaceutical companies dropped by more than 25% from 2005 to 2008. In vitro studies are likewise limited: questionable cell authenticity, over-passaging, mycoplasma infections, and lack of differentiation as well as non-homeostatic and non-physiologic culture conditions endanger the relevance of these models. The standards of statistics and reporting often are poor, further impairing reliability. Alarming studies from industry show miserable reproducibility of landmark studies. This paper discusses factors contributing to the lack of reproducibility and relevance of pre-clinical research. THE CONCLUSION Publish less but of better quality and do not rely on the face value of animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartung
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, CAAT, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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DeGraff DJ, Robinson VL, Shah JB, Brandt WD, Sonpavde G, Kang Y, Liebert M, Wu XR, Taylor JA. Current preclinical models for the advancement of translational bladder cancer research. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 12:121-30. [PMID: 23269072 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common disease representing the fifth most diagnosed solid tumor in the United States. Despite this, advances in our understanding of the molecular etiology and treatment of bladder cancer have been relatively lacking. This is especially apparent when recent advances in other cancers, such as breast and prostate, are taken into consideration. The field of bladder cancer research is ready and poised for a series of paradigm-shifting discoveries that will greatly impact the way this disease is clinically managed. Future preclinical discoveries with translational potential will require investigators to take full advantage of recent advances in molecular and animal modeling methodologies. We present an overview of current preclinical models and their potential roles in advancing our understanding of this deadly disease and for advancing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J DeGraff
- 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville,Tennessee, USA
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64
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Capes-Davis A, Reid YA, Kline MC, Storts DR, Strauss E, Dirks WG, Drexler HG, MacLeod RA, Sykes G, Kohara A, Nakamura Y, Elmore E, Nims RW, Alston-Roberts C, Barallon R, Los GV, Nardone RM, Price PJ, Steuer A, Thomson J, Masters JR, Kerrigan L. Match criteria for human cell line authentication: Where do we draw the line? Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2510-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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65
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Stürzl M, Gaus D, Dirks WG, Ganem D, Jochmann R. Kaposi's sarcoma-derived cell line SLK is not of endothelial origin, but is a contaminant from a known renal carcinoma cell line. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1954-8. [PMID: 22987579 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an endothelial cell-derived tumor. Investigations of the molecular mechanisms of KS pathogenesis and the identification of drugs for treatment of KS depend critically on valid cell-culture models. Two major immortalized cell lines are available for KS research. Recently, the KS cell line KS Y-1 has been shown to be cross-contaminated with the T24 urinary bladder cancer cell line (ATCC HTB-4). Here, we show by short tandem repeat profiling that the second KS cell line, SLK, is indistinguishable from the clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma cell line Caki-1. Immunocytochemical detection of cytokeratin expression confirmed the epithelial-cell origin of SLK cells. Our findings indicate that SLK cells are not of endothelial origin and should not be used in future studies as a model for KS-derived endothelial tumor cells. We suggest that in the future, more attention needs to be paid to the authenticity of cells in lines derived from human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Clinical Center Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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66
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Mancia A, Elliott JT, Halter M, Bhadriraju K, Tona A, Spurlin TA, Middlebrooks BL, Baatz JE, Warr GW, Plant AL. Quantitative methods to characterize morphological properties of cell lines. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:1069-78. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Eltonsy N, Gabisi V, Li X, Russe KB, Mills GB, Stemke-Hale K. Detection algorithm for the validation of human cell lines. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E1024-30. [PMID: 22419365 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines are an important tool in understanding all aspects of cancer growth, development, metastasis and tumor cell death. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of cell lines and diversity of the cancers they represent; however, misidentification and cross-contamination of cell lines can lead to erroneous conclusions. One method that has gained favor for authenticating cell lines is the use of short tandem repeats (STR) to generate a unique DNA profile. The challenge in validating cell lines is the requirement to compare the large number of existing STR profiles against cell lines of interest, particularly when considering that the profiles of many cell lines have drifted over time and original samples are not available. We report here methods that analyze the variations and the proportional changes extracted from tetra-nucleotide repeat regions in the STR analysis. This technique allows a paired match between a target cell line and a reference database of cell lines to find cell lines that match within a user designated percentage cut-off quality matrix. Our method accounts for DNA instability and can suggest whether the target cell lines are misidentified or unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Névine Eltonsy
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Castro FV, McGinn OJ, Krishnan S, Marinov G, Li J, Rutkowski AJ, Elkord E, Burt DJ, Holland M, Vaghjiani R, Gallego A, Saha V, Stern PL. 5T4 oncofetal antigen is expressed in high risk of relapse childhood pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is associated with a more invasive and chemotactic phenotype. Leukemia 2012; 26:1487-98. [PMID: 22266911 PMCID: PMC3378689 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the overall prognosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is good, outcome after relapse is poor. Recurrence is frequently characterized by the occurrence of disease at extramedullary sites, such as the central nervous system and testes. Subpopulations of blasts able to migrate to such areas may have a survival advantage and give rise to disease recurrence. Gene expression profiling of 85 diagnostic pre-B-ALL bone marrow samples revealed higher 5T4 oncofetal antigen transcript levels in cytogenetic high-risk subgroups of patients (P<0.001). Flow cytometric analysis determined that bone marrow from relapse patients have a significantly higher percentage of 5T4-positive leukemic blasts than healthy donors (P=0.005). The high-risk Sup-B15 pre-B-ALL line showed heterogeneity in 5T4 expression, and the derived, 5T4(+) (Sup5T4) and 5T4(-) (Sup) subline cells, displayed differential spread to the omentum and ovaries following intraperitoneal inoculation of immunocompromised mice. Consistent with this, Sup5T4 compared with Sup cells show increased invasion in vitro concordant with increased LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrin expression, adhesion to extracellular matrix and secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMP-2/-9). We also show that 5T4-positive Sup-B15 cells are susceptible to 5T4-specific superantigen antibody-dependent cellular toxicity providing support for targeted immunotherapy in high-risk pre-B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Castro
- Cancer Research UK Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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69
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.
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70
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Zhao M, Sano D, Pickering CR, Jasser SA, Henderson YC, Clayman GL, Sturgis EM, Ow TJ, Lotan R, Carey TE, Sacks PG, Grandis JR, Sidransky D, Heldin NE, Myers JN. Assembly and initial characterization of a panel of 85 genomically validated cell lines from diverse head and neck tumor sites. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7248-64. [PMID: 21868764 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human cell lines are useful for studying cancer biology and preclinically modeling cancer therapy, but can be misidentified and cross-contamination is unfortunately common. The purpose of this study was to develop a panel of validated head and neck cell lines representing the spectrum of tissue sites and histologies that could be used for studying the molecular, genetic, and phenotypic diversity of head and neck cancer. METHODS A panel of 122 clinically and phenotypically diverse head and neck cell lines from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, oral leukoplakia, immortalized primary keratinocytes, and normal epithelium was assembled from the collections of several individuals and institutions. Authenticity was verified by carrying out short tandem repeat analysis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status and cell morphology were also determined. RESULTS Eighty-five of the 122 cell lines had unique genetic profiles. HPV-16 DNA was detected in 2 cell lines. These 85 cell lines included cell lines from the major head and neck primary tumor sites, and close examination shows a wide range of in vitro phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS This panel of 85 genomically validated head and neck cell lines represents a valuable resource for the head and neck cancer research community that can help advance understanding of the disease by providing a standard reference for cell lines that can be used for biological as well as preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030-4009, USA
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Capes-Davis A, Theodosopoulos G, Atkin I, Drexler HG, Kohara A, MacLeod RAF, Masters JR, Nakamura Y, Reid YA, Reddel RR, Freshney RI. Check your cultures! A list of cross-contaminated or misidentified cell lines. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:1-8. [PMID: 20143388 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cell lines consist of cultured cells derived from a specific donor and tissue of origin that have acquired the ability to proliferate indefinitely. These cell lines are well-recognized models for the study of health and disease, particularly for cancer. However, there are cautions to be aware of when using continuous cell lines, including the possibility of contamination, in which a foreign cell line or microorganism is introduced without the handler's knowledge. Cross-contamination, in which the contaminant is another cell line, was first recognized in the 1950s but, disturbingly, remains a serious issue today. Many cell lines become cross-contaminated early, so that subsequent experimental work has been performed only on the contaminant, masquerading under a different name. What can be done in response-how can a researcher know if their own cell lines are cross-contaminated? Two practical responses are suggested here. First, it is important to check the literature, looking for previous work on cross-contamination. Some reports may be difficult to find and to make these more accessible, we have compiled a list of known cross-contaminated cell lines. The list currently contains 360 cell lines, drawn from 68 references. Most contaminants arise within the same species, with HeLa still the most frequently encountered (29%, 106/360) among human cell lines, but interspecies contaminants account for a small but substantial minority of cases (9%, 33/360). Second, even if there are no previous publications on cross-contamination for that cell line, it is essential to check the sample itself by performing authentication testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Capes-Davis
- CellBank Australia - Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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