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Calanzani N, Druce PE, Snudden C, Milley KM, Boscott R, Behiyat D, Saji S, Martinez-Gutierrez J, Oberoi J, Funston G, Messenger M, Emery J, Walter FM. Identifying Novel Biomarkers Ready for Evaluation in Low-Prevalence Populations for the Early Detection of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review. Adv Ther 2021; 38:793-834. [PMID: 33306189 PMCID: PMC7889689 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Detecting upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in primary care is challenging, as cancer symptoms are common, often non-specific, and most patients presenting with these symptoms will not have cancer. Substantial investment has been made to develop biomarkers for cancer detection, but few have reached routine clinical practice. We aimed to identify novel biomarkers for upper GI cancers which have been sufficiently validated to be ready for evaluation in low-prevalence populations. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, and Web of Science for studies published in English from January 2000 to October 2019 (PROSPERO registration CRD42020165005). Reference lists of included studies were assessed. Studies had to report on second measures of diagnostic performance (beyond discovery phase) for biomarkers (single or in panels) used to detect pancreatic, oesophageal, gastric, and biliary tract cancers. We included all designs and excluded studies with less than 50 cases/controls. Data were extracted on types of biomarkers, populations and outcomes. Heterogeneity prevented pooling of outcomes. Results We identified 149 eligible studies, involving 22,264 cancer cases and 49,474 controls. A total of 431 biomarkers were identified (183 microRNAs and other RNAs, 79 autoantibodies and other immunological markers, 119 other proteins, 36 metabolic markers, 6 circulating tumour DNA and 8 other). Over half (n = 231) were reported in pancreatic cancer studies. Only 35 biomarkers had been investigated in at least two studies, with reported outcomes for that individual marker for the same tumour type. Apolipoproteins (apoAII-AT and apoAII-ATQ), and pepsinogens (PGI and PGII) were the most promising biomarkers for pancreatic and gastric cancer, respectively. Conclusion Most novel biomarkers for the early detection of upper GI cancers are still at an early stage of matureness. Further evidence is needed on biomarker performance in low-prevalence populations, in addition to implementation and health economic studies, before extensive adoption into clinical practice can be recommended. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12325-020-01571-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Calanzani
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Paige E Druce
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Snudden
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristi M Milley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Boscott
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dawnya Behiyat
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Smiji Saji
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javiera Martinez-Gutierrez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jasmeen Oberoi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garth Funston
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mike Messenger
- Leeds Centre for Personalised Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jon Emery
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona M Walter
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lee J, Lee HS, Park SB, Kim C, Kim K, Jung DE, Song SY. Identification of Circulating Serum miRNAs as Novel Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer Using a Penalized Algorithm. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1007. [PMID: 33498271 PMCID: PMC7863930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is difficult to detect in the early stages; thus, identifying specific and sensitive biomarkers for PC diagnosis is crucial, especially in the case of early-stage tumors. Circulating microRNAs are promising non-invasive biomarkers. Therefore, we aimed to identify non-invasive miRNA biomarkers and build a model for PC diagnosis. For the training model, blood serum samples from 63 PC patients and 63 control subjects were used. We selected 39 miRNA markers using a smoothly clipped absolute deviation-based penalized support vector machine and built a PC diagnosis model. From the double cross-validation, the average test AUC was 0.98. We validated the diagnosis model using independent samples from 25 PC patients and 81 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and compared the results with those obtained from the diagnosis using carbohydrate antigen 19-9. For the markers miR-155-5p, miR-4284, miR-346, miR-7145-5p, miR-5100, miR-661, miR-22-3p, miR-4486, let-7b-5p, and miR-4703-5p, we conducted quantitative reverse transcription PCR using samples from 17 independent PC patients, 8 ICC patients, and 8 healthy individuals. Differential expression was observed in samples from PC patients. The diagnosis model based on the identified markers showed high sensitivity and specificity for PC detection and is potentially useful for early PC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08733, Korea;
| | - Hee Seung Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.B.P.); (C.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Soo Been Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.B.P.); (C.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Chanyang Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.B.P.); (C.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kahee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.B.P.); (C.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Dawoon E. Jung
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Si Young Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.B.P.); (C.K.); (K.K.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Peng C, Wang J, Gao W, Huang L, Liu Y, Li X, Li Z, Yu X. Meta-analysis of the Diagnostic Performance of Circulating MicroRNAs for Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:660-671. [PMID: 33437201 PMCID: PMC7797557 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.52706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have suggested that differentially expressed miRNAs may be promising diagnostic markers for pancreatic cancer (PC), but the results are inconsistent. We aimed to summarize the diagnostic accuracy of circulating miRNAs, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and the combination of miRNAs and CA19-9. Material and Methods: A literature search of online databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang was conducted. Relative data were extracted from eligible included studies, and a meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 46 studies involving 4,326 PC patients and 4,277 non-PC controls were included. The pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and AUC of the circulating miRNAs for differentiating PC patients from non-PC controls were 0.79 (0.77-0.81), 0.77 (0.75-0.79), and 0.85 (0.81-0.87), respectively. The combination of miRNAs and CA19-9 greatly improved the SEN, SPE and AUC to 0.84 (0.80-0.87), 0.91 (0.89-0.93) and 0.94 (0.92-0.96), respectively. Moreover, circulating miRNAs also yielded an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for early-stage PC with a SEN of 0.79 (0.76-0.82), a SPE of 0.74 (0.68-0.79) and an AUC of 0.81 (0.77-0.84). Conclusion: Circulating miRNAs exhibited satisfactory diagnostic performance for PC and even early-stage PC. The combination of circulating miRNAs and CA19-9 can further improve the diagnostic accuracy, providing a novel strategy for PC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenzhe Gao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Center for Medical Experiments, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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Nguyen L, Schilling D, Dobiasch S, Raulefs S, Santiago Franco M, Buschmann D, Pfaffl MW, Schmid TE, Combs SE. The Emerging Role of miRNAs for the Radiation Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123703. [PMID: 33317198 PMCID: PMC7763922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease with a high mortality rate. Radiotherapy is one treatment option within a multimodal therapy approach for patients with locally advanced, non-resectable pancreatic tumors. However, radiotherapy is only effective in about one-third of the patients. Therefore, biomarkers that can predict the response to radiotherapy are of utmost importance. Recently, microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, have come into focus as there is growing evidence that microRNAs could serve as diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers in various cancer entities, including pancreatic cancer. Moreover, their high stability in body fluids such as serum and plasma render them attractive candidates for non-invasive biomarkers. This article describes the role of microRNAs as suitable blood biomarkers and outlines an overview of radiation-induced microRNAs changes and the association with radioresistance in pancreatic cancer. Abstract Today, pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a five-year overall survival rate of less than 7%. Only 15–20% of patients are eligible for curative intent surgery at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, neoadjuvant treatment regimens have been introduced in order to downsize the tumor by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To further increase the efficacy of radiotherapy, novel molecular biomarkers are urgently needed to define the subgroup of pancreatic cancer patients who would benefit most from radiotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could have the potential to serve as novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers in patients with pancreatic cancer. In the present article, the role of miRNAs as blood biomarkers, which are associated with either radioresistance or radiation-induced changes of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer, is discussed. Furthermore, the manuscript provides own data of miRNAs identified in a pancreatic cancer mouse model as well as radiation-induced miRNA changes in the plasma of tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Nguyen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Dobiasch
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Raulefs
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Santiago Franco
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
| | - Dominik Buschmann
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany; (D.B.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany; (D.B.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Thomas E. Schmid
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.N.); (D.S.); (S.D.); (S.R.); (M.S.F.); (T.E.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4140-4501
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MiR-196: emerging of a new potential therapeutic target and biomarker in colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9913-9920. [PMID: 33130965 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of microRNAs, as key elements in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis, is correlated with various stages of this cancer. miR-196 is involved in the initiation and progression of a verity of malignances, especially CRC. miR-196 in CRC cells could target different types of genes with oncogenic and/or tumor suppressor function such as HOX genes, GATA6, SOCS1, SOCS3, ANXA1, DFFA, PDCD4, ZG16 and ING5. Therefore, these genes could be up or down-regulated in cells and subsequently change the capacity of CRC cells in terms of tumor development, progression and, response to therapy. Comprehension of miR-196-associated aberrations underlying the CRC pathogenesis might introduce promising targets for therapy. Additionally, it seems that miR-196 expression profiling, especially circulatory exosomal miR-196, might be useful for diagnosis and prognosis determination of the CRC patients. In this review, at first, we summarize the roles of miR-196 in different types of cancers. After that, a detailed discussion about this miRNA and also their targets in CRC pathogenesis, progression, and response to treatment are represented. Moreover, we highlight the potential utilization of miR-196 and its targets as therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers in early detection and prediction of prognosis in CRC patients.
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Gao CT, Ren J, Yu J, Li SN, Guo XF, Zhou YZ. KIF23 enhances cell proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and is a potent therapeutic target. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1394. [PMID: 33313139 PMCID: PMC7723550 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent research, high expression of kinesin family member 23 (KIF23), one of the kinesin motor proteins involved in the regulation of cytokinesis, has been shown to be related to poor prognosis in glioma and paclitaxel-resistant gastric cancer, as a results of the enhancement of proliferation, migration, and invasion. In this study, we analyzed the role of KIF23 in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods A bioinformatic method was used to analyze the KIF23 mRNA level in pancreatic tumor tissues compared with normal pancreatic tissues and to analyze the connection between high KIF23 expression and prognosis. We examined the expression of KIF23 using immunohistochemistry and analyzed the connection between the expression of KIF23 and clinicopathological features in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, a colony formation assay, MTT assay, and western blot assay were performed in vitro, along with a mouse xenograft model in vivo, to analyze the effect of KIF23 on proliferation. Further, the correlation between KIF23 and CDCA8 was analyzed by TCGA and immunohistochemical data. Results Bioinformatic results showed that KIF23 mRNA expression was higher in pancreatic tumor tissues than in normal pancreatic tissues and a poor prognosis has been linked to the high expression of KIF23. Immunohistochemistry revealed that KIF23 was highly expressed at the protein level and high expression of KIF23 correlated with adverse clinicopathological features. Our experimental results demonstrated that knockdown of KIF23 could inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cells. Further, a positive correlation between KIF23 and CDCA8 expression existed, and KIF23 might promote pancreatic cancer proliferation by affecting CDCA8 expression. Conclusions Our data showed that high expression of KIF23 is associated with a poor prognosis, and KIF23 might be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Ren
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Zhang Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Non-coding RNA biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 75:153-168. [PMID: 33049362 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, which is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. The late disease diagnosis, the limited availability of effective therapeutic interventions and lack of robust diagnostic biomarkers, are some of the primary reasons for the dismal 5-year survival rates (∼8%) in patients with PDAC. The pancreatic cancer develops through accumulation of a series of genomic and epigenomic alterations which lead to the transformation of normal pancreatic epithelium into an invasive carcinoma - a process that can take up to 15-20 years to develop, from the occurrence of first initiating mutational event. These facts highlight a unique window of opportunity for the earlier detection of PDAC, which could allow timely disease interception and improvement in the overall survival outcomes in patients suffering from this fatal malignancy. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recognized to play a central role in PDAC pathogenesis and are emerging as attractive candidates for biomarker development in various cancers, including PDAC. More specifically, the ncRNAs play a pivotal role in PDAC biology as they affect tumor growth, migration, and invasion by regulating cellular processes including cell cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In this review, we focus on three types of well-established ncRNAs - microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) - and discuss their potential as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in PDAC.
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Kövesdi A, Kurucz PA, Nyírő G, Darvasi O, Patócs A, Butz H. Circulating miRNA Increases the Diagnostic Accuracy of Chromogranin A in Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092488. [PMID: 32887459 PMCID: PMC7565801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite its varying sensitivity and decreased specificity, chromogranin A (CgA) is the most widely used biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors. The most common factor affecting its diagnostic accuracy is the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Our aim was to investigate circulating miRNA expression profiles in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) and pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGL) to find miRNAs which could be used as biomarkers along with CgA in these patients. MiRNA expression profiles were determined with next generation sequencing and validated by quantitative real time PCR in 74 samples obtained from patients and healthy volunteers treated with PPI. We observed a global downregulation of miRNAs in NET compared to controls. A set of miRNAs in combination with CgA resulted in the best discrimination of pNET irrespective of PPI treatment and a combination of miRNAs increased the diagnostic utility of CgA even in pNET patients with low CgA. Abstract Chromogranin A (CgA) is the most widely accepted biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors (NET) but its diagnostic accuracy is dependent on tumor type and the use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPI). We investigated the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs along with CgA in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET). 74 serum samples from patients with pNET (n = 25, nonfunctioning), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL, n = 20), healthy individuals with normal CgA (n = 29) including 10 samples from 5 healthy individuals with and without current PPI treatment were collected. MiRNA expression profiles were determined using next-generation sequencing, followed by validation with individual TaqMan assays. A global downregulation of miRNAs was observed in patients with NET compared to controls. MiRNA expression of 33 miRNAs was able to discriminate tumor samples from controls. No miRNA alone could be considered as an applicable biomarker for pNET or PPGL. However, using a logistic model, the combination of a set of miRNAs increased the discriminatory role of CgA irrespective of PPI treatment. In pNET patients with normal CgA level our regression model yielded high (89.4%) diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.904, sensitivity: 66.6%, specificity: 96.5%). A set of miRNAs increased the diagnostic utility of CgA in pNET even in patients with low CgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Kövesdi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Petra Anna Kurucz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.A.K.); (H.B.)
| | - Gábor Nyírő
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ottó Darvasi
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.A.K.); (H.B.)
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Henriett Butz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.A.K.); (H.B.)
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
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Ariston Gabriel AN, Wang F, Jiao Q, Yvette U, Yang X, Al-Ameri SA, Du L, Wang YS, Wang C. The involvement of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:132. [PMID: 32854710 PMCID: PMC7450552 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At the moment, pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest gastrointestinal diseases, and pancreatic cancer growth is a complex biological process that is based on different kinds of genes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNA (mRNA), and proteins, they act as the most prominent mediator of intercellular communication, and they regulate, instruct, and re-educate their surrounding microenvironment and target specific organs. Due to accumulative evidence proved that exosomes are involved in metastasis, cell proliferation, EMT, angiogenesis, and TME of pancreatic cancer, exosomes are crucial potential candidates to detect pancreatic cancer early. This review aims to convey the current understanding of the main functions employed by exosomes in early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abakundana Nsenga Ariston Gabriel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinlian Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Umwali Yvette
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Samed Ahmed Al-Ameri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China.
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Diagnostic Value of Plasma miR-181b, miR-196a, and miR-210 Combination in Pancreatic Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:6073150. [PMID: 32831826 PMCID: PMC7428876 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6073150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed at investigating the roles of plasma miR-181b, miR-196a, and miR-210 in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods Plasma samples were isolated from 40 patients with PC and 40 healthy individuals, respectively. The expression of miR-181b, miR-196a, and miR-210 was detected by qRT-PCR. The level of carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) was measured by an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of miR-181b, miR-196a, miR-210, CA199, and their combinations in PC. Results The expression of plasma miR-181b, miR-196a, and miR-210 was significantly upregulated in PC patients. The plasma level of CA199 was also significantly increased in PC patients. The expression of miR-181b, miR-196a, and miR-210 was closely associated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and vascular invasion but not correlated with age, gender, and tumor size. miR-181b, miR-196a, and miR-210 have lower AUC than CA199 in the diagnosis of PC. miR-181b+miR-210 and miR-196a+miR-210 also have lower AUC than CA199. It is worth noting that miR-181b+miR-196a+miR-210 has a higher AUC than CA199 in the diagnosis of PC. Conclusion The combination of plasma miR-181b, miR-196a, and miR-210 had a good diagnostic value for PC.
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents the lowest survival rate of all cancers because only 6% of patients reach five-year survival. Alterations in the expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) occur in the tumor of PDAC and in preneoplastic lesions as the called intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Here, we aimed at identifying which miRNAs are significantly altered in liquid biopsies from patients with PDAC and IPMN to find new noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of PDAC.
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Kong L, Liu P, Zheng M, Wang Z, Gao Y, Liang K, Wang H, Tan X. The miR-1224-5p/ELF3 Axis Regulates Malignant Behaviors of Pancreatic Cancer via PI3K/AKT/Notch Signaling Pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3449-3466. [PMID: 32368099 PMCID: PMC7185335 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s248507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aberrant expression of microRNAs contributes to the progression of pancreatic cancer by targeting downstream genes. A novel regulatory axis, miR-1224-5p/ELF3, was identified by bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification. Studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms behind this axis lead to a better understanding of the development of pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods The differential expression of miR-1224-5p and ELF3 was verified based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and clinical samples. The relationship between miR-1224-5p and ELF3 was demonstrated by luciferase assay and Western blot. The related signaling pathways of the miR-1224-5p/ELF3 axis in pancreatic cancer were investigated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and verified by Western blot. An analysis between ELF3 expression and immune infiltration was performed. Cellular and animal experiments were utilized to explore the effects of miR-1224-5p and ELF3 in pancreatic cancer. Results Suppressed expression of miR-1224-5p in pancreatic tumor tissues and cancer cells was identified first. Furthermore, miR-1224-5p is correlated with clinicopathological features, and decreased expression of miR-1224-5p indicates poor prognosis. miR-1224-5p serves as a tumor suppressor and inhibits malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer based on in vivo and in vitro assays. The putative target gene ELF3 was predicted by bioinformatic analysis and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of ELF3 can improve the malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer and demonstrates poor prognosis and advanced clinical stage. The inhibitory role of miR-1224-5p in pancreatic cancer is manifested by its direct targeting of ELF3. A negative correlation between ELF3 expression and immune cell infiltration was identified, suggesting an immunosuppressive state resulting from ELF3 overexpression. The PI3K/AKT/Notch signaling pathways and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are important underlying mechanisms. Conclusion The miR-1224-5p/ELF3 axis may serve as a new diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic biomarker in pancreatic cancer. The related PI3K/AKT/Notch/EMT signaling pathways greatly promote the elucidation of the progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingming Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Zhongpeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaitao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
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Indrieri A, Carrella S, Carotenuto P, Banfi S, Franco B. The Pervasive Role of the miR-181 Family in Development, Neurodegeneration, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062092. [PMID: 32197476 PMCID: PMC7139714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs playing a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression. Evidence accumulating in the past decades indicate that they are capable of simultaneously modulating diverse signaling pathways involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the function of a highly conserved group of miRNAs, the miR-181 family, both in physiological as well as in pathological conditions. We summarize a large body of studies highlighting a role for this miRNA family in the regulation of key biological processes such as embryonic development, cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, mitochondrial function, and immune response. Importantly, members of this family have been involved in many pathological processes underlying the most common neurodegenerative disorders as well as different solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The relevance of this miRNA family in the pathogenesis of these disorders and their possible influence on the severity of their manifestations will be discussed. A better understanding of the miR-181 family in pathological conditions may open new therapeutic avenues for devasting disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (P.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), 20090 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (S.B.); (B.F.); Tel.: +39-081-19230655 (A.I.); +39-081-19230606 (S.B.); +39-081-19230615 (B.F.)
| | - Sabrina Carrella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (P.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Carotenuto
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (P.C.)
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Therapeutics Unit 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Sandro Banfi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (P.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (S.B.); (B.F.); Tel.: +39-081-19230655 (A.I.); +39-081-19230606 (S.B.); +39-081-19230615 (B.F.)
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; (S.C.); (P.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (S.B.); (B.F.); Tel.: +39-081-19230655 (A.I.); +39-081-19230606 (S.B.); +39-081-19230615 (B.F.)
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Gong R, Jiang Y. Non-coding RNAs in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:309. [PMID: 32257946 PMCID: PMC7089935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are reported to be expressed in human cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These ncRNAs affect the growth, migration and invasion of tumor cells by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as playing important roles in epigenetic processes, transcription and post-transcriptional regulation. It is still unclear whether alterations in ncRNAs influence PDAC development and progression. Because of this, analysis based on existing data on ncRNAs, which are crucial for modulating pancreatic tumorigenesis, will be important for future research on PDAC. Here, we summarize ncRNAs with tumor-promoting functions: HOTAIR, HOTTIP, MALAT1, lncRNA H19, lncRNA PVT1, circ-RNA ciRS-7, circ-0030235, circ-RNA_100782, circ-LDLRAD3, circ-0007534, circRHOT1, circZMYM2, circ-IARS, circ-RNA PDE8A, miR-21, miR-155, miR-221/222, miR-196b, miR-10a. While others including GAS5, MEG3, and lncRNA ENST00000480739, has_circ_0001649, miR-34a, miR-100, miR-217, miR-143 inhibit the proliferation and invasion of PDAC. Hence, we summarize the functions of ncRNAs in the occurrence, development and metastasis of PDAC, with the goal to provide guidance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Jiang W, Deng X, Zhu T, Wei Y, Lei Z, Guo M, Yang J. Identification of Cholangiocarcinoma Associated with Hepatolithiasis via the Combination of miRNA and Ultrasound. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1845-1853. [PMID: 32210627 PMCID: PMC7075433 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s241870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) associated with hepatolithiasis (HL) is difficult. There is no effective method to discriminate CCA associated with HL (HL-CCA) from HL currently. Objective To explore the value of clinical data, ultrasonic characteristics and miRNA expression level in the identification of HL-CCA. Methods Thirty-one patients with HL-CCA in Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital were enrolled in the observation group, while 40 patients with HL alone were included in the control group. The clinical data, ultrasonic characteristics, and miRNA expression level of the two groups were recorded and analyzed to explore the potential indicators for the identification of HL-CCA. Results The accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of HL-CCA was low (54.84%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that liver abscess (P=0.021), indistinct border demarcation (P=0.015), non-homogenous echotexture (P=0.019), missed portal vein around lesion (P=0.032), miRNA-21 (P=0.018) and miRNA-221 (P=0.009) were the potential indicators for the identification of HL-CCA. The combined diagnosis based on logistic regression contained liver abscess, border demarcation, echotexture, portal vein around lesion, miRNA-21 and miRNA-221. The results showed that the accuracy of combined diagnosis identifying HL-CCA was the most accurate (AUC=0.911), which was significantly greater than the AUC of miRNA-21 or miRNA-221 individually (P<0.05), with a sensitivity and specificity of 77.42% and 97.50%, respectively. Conclusion Patients with HL-CCA show high incidence of hepatic abscess and elevated miRNA-21 and miRNA-221 expression level. The ultrasonic features are more likely to show indistinct border demarcation, non-homogenous echotexture, and missed portal vein around lesion. The combined diagnosis is more accurate in the identification of HL-CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuya Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Department of Ultrasound, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, People's Republic of China
| | - Meimei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Xing L, Xu H, Wang K, She J, Shi F, Wu H, Sun Y, Gao J, He S. miR-204-5p Suppress Lymph Node Metastasis via Regulating CXCL12 and CXCR4 in Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:3199-3206. [PMID: 32231725 PMCID: PMC7097947 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) exhibits a poor prognosis due to extensive invasion and lymphatic metastasis in the advanced stage. In this study, we firstly found that the expression of miR-204-5p markedly decreased in GC patients' tissue and serum, especially in GC with lymphatic metastasis. And ROC analysis showed miR-204-5p also served as a predicted factor for the lymphatic metastasis of GC. CXCL12 and CXCR4 were predicted and confirmed as the functional targets of miR-204-5p by Targetscan analysis, dual luciferase assay and western blotting analysis. In addition, we further determined that miR-204-5p suppresses migration and invasion in GC. This finding elucidates new functions and mechanisms for miR-204-5p in GC development and provides a new potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun She
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feiyu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Sun
- Institute of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical College, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical College, China
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Mazza T, Gioffreda D, Fontana A, Biagini T, Carella M, Palumbo O, Maiello E, Bazzocchi F, Andriulli A, Tavano F. Clinical Significance of Circulating miR-1273g-3p and miR-122-5p in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:44. [PMID: 32117716 PMCID: PMC7010806 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of pancreatic cancer (PanC) requires innovation in the current diagnostic approach. This study aimed to uncover new circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) that would distinguish patients with PanC from healthy subjects (HS) compared with the cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), and predict patients' clinical phenotypes and outcomes. MiRNA expression profiles in plasma were investigated by using a two-stage process. In a discovery phase, miRNAs levels were analyzed using the GeneChip™ miRNA 4.0 Affymetrix assay in 10 pools of plasma samples from PanC patients and HS; in a validation phase, significantly altered miRNAs were re-tested in independent cohorts of cancer patients and controls by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). The diagnostic performance of the resulting miRNAs was compared to CA 19-9 determinations, and the associations of miRNAs plasma levels with patients' clinical phenotypes and outcomes were also taken into account. Bioinformatics selection of miRNAs differentially expressed in plasma uncovered miR-18a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-1273g-3p, and miR-6126 as candidate oncogenic miRNAs in PanC. The ddPCR technology confirmed the significant over-expression of miR-122-5p, miR-1273g-3p, and miR-6126 in PanC compared to HS, in line with the trend of the CA 19-9 levels. Plasma levels of miR-1273g-3p, in combination with CA 19-9, showed higher power in distinguishing PanC patients from HS compared to the CA 19-9 tested alone, with a gain in both sensitivity and negative predictive value indicating a low false-negative rate (SE = 90.2% and NPV = 92.3% vs. SE = 82.1% and NPV = 87.9%). None of the oncogenic miRNAs were able to distinguish between a neoplastic and a proliferative/inflammatory disease of the pancreas, and were not able to stratify subjects according to the clinical risk for the disease. The only valuable association in PanC patients was found between miR-1273g-3p and tumor stage, and increased miR-122-5p levels emerged as independent negative prognostic factor for PanC patients (HR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.03–2.43, p = 0.037). Our data highlighted a role for circulating miR-1273g-3p and miR-122-5p as new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PanC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Mazza
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenica Gioffreda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bazzocchi
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della, Foggia, Italy
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Llach J, Carballal S, Moreira L. Familial Pancreatic Cancer: Current Perspectives. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:743-758. [PMID: 32099470 PMCID: PMC6999545 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s172421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal disease, mostly incurable when detected. Thus, despite advances in PC treatments, only around 7% of patients survive 5-years after diagnosis. This morbid outcome is secondary to multifactorial reasons, such as late-stage diagnosis, rapid progression and minimal response to chemotherapy. Based on these factors, it is of special relevance to identify PC high-risk individuals in order to establish preventive and early detection measures. Although most PC are sporadic, approximately 10% cases have a familial basis. No main causative gene of PC has been identified but several known germline pathogenic mutations are related with an increased risk of this tumor. These inherited cancer syndromes represent 3% of all PC. On the other hand, in 7% of cases of PC, there is a strong family history without a causative germline mutation, a situation known as familial pancreatic cancer (FPC). In recent years, there is increasing evidence supporting the benefit of genetic germline analysis in PC patients, and periodic pancreatic screening in PC high-risk patients (mainly those with a lifetime risk greater than 5%), although there is no general agreement in the group of patients and individuals to study and screen. In the present review, we expose an update in the field of hereditary and FPC, with the aim of describing the current strategies and implications in genetic counseling, surveillance and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Llach
- Departmento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d' Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Departmento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d' Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Departmento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d' Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhao Z, Liu W. Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820962117. [PMID: 33357065 PMCID: PMC7768873 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820962117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the latest knowledge on factors, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer, and aims to promote further research on this under-studied malignant tumor. At present, we urgently need to identify high-risk patients with precancerous diseases through screening approaches, so that medical professionals and the general public may better understand prevention strategies or early detection measures. Pancreatic cancer is a highly invasive malignant tumor with a fatal risk, mainly seen in men and older adults (60-85 years old). Pancreatic cancer is now increasingly observed in young patients. Because the disease has no early symptoms and can quickly invade surrounding tissues and organs, it is one of the deadliest cancers. With a view to identify the important factors for the development of pancreatic cancer, previous studies have found that smoking, alcohol, and chronic pancreatitis are considered high-risk factors. Recent studies have shown that abnormal metabolism of human microorganisms, blood type, and glucose and lipid levels are also important factors in the development of pancreatic cancer. Identifying early diagnosis options is an important way to improve detection and survival rates of pancreatic cancer. None of the many tumor markers associated with pancreatic cancer are highly specific, which also indicates further research is required to improve the early detection rate. Future directions in terms of treatment evaluating the relationship between the microbiology-free system and immunotherapy will bring a major breakthrough and is expected to bring exciting clinical applications in improving the life-cycle of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiYu Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Wei Liu, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wei J, Yang L, Wu YN, Xu J. Serum miR-1290 and miR-1246 as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Human Pancreatic Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1325-1333. [PMID: 32047539 PMCID: PMC6995378 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor with no effective early diagnostic biomarkers. This study was performed to screen and identify serum microRNAs (miRNAs) as noninvasive biomarkers for PC diagnosis. Methods: Two upregulated miRNAs were selected by integrated analysis of three independent GEO datasets. Then, the expressions of two miRNAs in serum were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR among 120 PC patients, 40 benign disease controls and 40 healthy controls. The correlation between serum miRNAs and clinical characteristics was analyzed. The diagnostic utility of miRNAs was compared to CA19-9 using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: We discovered miR-1290 and miR-1246 were upregulated in PC patients through GEO datasets analysis. Serum miR-1290 and miR-1246 expression levels were elevated in PC patients compared to all controls and dramatically decreased after tumor resection (all P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for miR-1290 was larger than miR-1246 and CA19-9 (miR-1290: 0.91; miR-1246: 0.81; CA19-9: 0.82). The combined diagnosis of individual or both miRNAs with CA19-9 was more effective for discriminating PC from all controls than the single CA19-9 assay (miR-1290+CA19-9: 0.96, miR-1246+CA19-9: 0.93, miR-1290+miR-1246+CA19-9: 0.97). The abundance of serum miR-1290 and miR-1246 was associated with tumor stage and size respectively and logistic modeling proved that both of them were independent risk factors for PC. Conclusion: Serum miR-1290 and miR-1246 might be promising biomarkers for PC diagnosis and the combined detection of CA19-9, together with miR-1290 or miR-1246, could improve the diagnostic accuracy of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi-Ning Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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71
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Madadi S, Soleimani M. Plasma microRNA investigation: the impact of selecting a suitable internal control on data normalization in pancreatic cancer. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2019; 26:E1. [PMID: 30719875 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Madadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmide Blvd, Hamadan?, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmide Blvd, Hamadan?, 6517838678, Iran
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72
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Qian L, Li Q, Baryeh K, Qiu W, Li K, Zhang J, Yu Q, Xu D, Liu W, Brand RE, Zhang X, Chen W, Liu G. Biosensors for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: a review. Transl Res 2019; 213:67-89. [PMID: 31442419 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by extremely high mortality and poor prognosis and is projected to be the leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030. Due to the lack of early symptoms and appropriate methods to detect pancreatic carcinoma at an early stage as well as its aggressive progression, the disease is often quite advanced by the time a definite diagnosis is established. The 5-year relative survival rate for all stages is approximately 8%. Therefore, detection of pancreatic cancer at an early surgically resectable stage is the key to decrease mortality and to improve survival. The traditional methods for diagnosing pancreatic cancer involve an imaging test, such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, paired with a biopsy of the mass in question. These methods are often expensive, time consuming, and require trained professionals to use the instruments and analyze the imaging. To overcome these issues, biosensors have been proposed as a promising tool for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The present review critically discusses the latest developments in biosensors for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Protein and microRNA biomarkers of pancreatic cancer and corresponding biosensors for pancreatic cancer diagnosis have been reviewed, and all these cases demonstrate that the emerging biosensors are becoming an increasingly relevant alternative to traditional techniques. In addition, we discuss the existing problems in biosensors and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Qian
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qiaobin Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Kwaku Baryeh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Wanwei Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qingcai Yu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Dongqin Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wenju Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China
| | - Randall E Brand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China; School of Food Science & Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health, School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, PR China; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota.
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73
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Bottani M, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Perspectives on miRNAs as Epigenetic Markers in Osteoporosis and Bone Fracture Risk: A Step Forward in Personalized Diagnosis. Front Genet 2019; 10:1044. [PMID: 31737038 PMCID: PMC6831724 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased incidence of age-related bone diseases. Current diagnostics (e.g., conventional radiology, biochemical markers), because limited in specificity and sensitivity, can distinguish between healthy or osteoporotic subjects but they are unable to discriminate among different underlying causes that lead to the same bone pathological condition (e.g., bone fracture risk). Among recent, more sensitive biomarkers, miRNAs — the non-coding RNAs involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, have emerged as fundamental post-transcriptional modulators of bone development and homeostasis. Each identified miRNA carries out a specific role in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and functional pathways (osteomiRs). miRNAs bound to proteins or encapsulated in exosomes and/or microvesicles are released into the bloodstream and biological fluids where they can be detected and measured by highly sensitive and specific methods (e.g., quantitative PCR, next-generation sequencing). As such, miRNAs provide a prompt and easily accessible tool to determine the subject-specific epigenetic environment of a specific condition. Their use as biomarkers opens new frontiers in personalized medicine. While miRNAs circulating levels are lower than those found in the tissue/cell source, their quantification in biological fluids may be strategic in the diagnosis of diseases that affect tissues, such as bone, in which biopsy may be especially challenging. For a biomarker to be valuable in clinical practice and support medical decisions, it must be (easily) measurable, validated by independent studies, and strongly and significantly associated with a disease outcome. Currently, miRNAs analysis does not completely satisfy these criteria, however. Starting from in vitro and in vivo observations describing their biological role in bone cell development and metabolism, this review describes the potential use of bone-associated circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for determining predisposition, onset, and development of osteoporosis and bone fracture risk. Moreover, the review focuses on their clinical relevance and discusses the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical issues in their measurement, which still limits their routine application. Taken together, research and clinical findings may be helpful for creating miRNA-based diagnostic tools in the diagnosis and treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bottani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Moelcular Biology, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Moelcular Biology, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Moelcular Biology, Milano, Italy.,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education & Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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74
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Tesfaye AA, Azmi AS, Philip PA. miRNA and Gene Expression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:58-70. [PMID: 30558723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenging disease that is mostly diagnosed late in the course of the illness. Unlike other cancers in which measurable successes have been achieved with traditional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and, recently, immunotherapy, PDAC has proved to be poorly responsive to these treatments, with only marginal to modest incremental benefits using conventional cytotoxic therapy. There is, therefore, a great unmet need to develop better therapies based on improved understanding of biology and identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers that would guide therapy. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of some key genes by targeting their 3'-untranslated mRNA region. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to the development of various malignancies, including PDAC. A series of miRNAs have been identified as potential tools for early diagnosis, prediction of treatment response, and prognosis of patients with PDAC. In this review, we present a summary of the miRNAs that have been studied in PDAC in the context of disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh A Tesfaye
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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75
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Xiao M, Lai W, Man T, Chang B, Li L, Chandrasekaran AR, Pei H. Rationally Engineered Nucleic Acid Architectures for Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 119:11631-11717. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Man
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Arun Richard Chandrasekaran
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Hao Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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76
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Rawat M, Kadian K, Gupta Y, Kumar A, Chain PSG, Kovbasnjuk O, Kumar S, Parasher G. MicroRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Biology to Therapeutic Potential. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100752. [PMID: 31557962 PMCID: PMC6827136 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, accounting for more than 45,750 deaths annually in the U.S. alone. The aggressive nature and late diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, coupled with the limitations of existing chemotherapy, present the pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent reports have demonstrated a critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, aberrant expressions of miRNAs have often been associated with the cause and consequence of pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the possible use of miRNAs in the effective management of pancreatic cancer patients. In this review, we provide a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and its role in fundamental cellular process and miRNA studies in pancreatic cancer patients and animal models. Subsequent sections narrate the role of miRNA in, (i) cell cycle and proliferation; (ii) apoptosis; (iii) invasions and metastasis; and (iv) various cellular signaling pathways. We also describe the role of miRNA's in pancreatic cancer; (i) diagnosis; (ii) prognosis and (iii) therapeutic intervention. Conclusion section describes the gist of review with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Kavita Kadian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India.
| | - Yash Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Anand Kumar
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Patrick S G Chain
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Olga Kovbasnjuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Gulshan Parasher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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77
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Gao Z, Jiang W, Zhang S, Li P. The State of the Art on Blood MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:9419072. [PMID: 31583198 PMCID: PMC6754866 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9419072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous advances being made in diagnosis and therapeutic interventions, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still recognized as one of the most lethal malignancies. Early diagnosis and timely curative surgery can markedly improve the prognosis; hence, there is an unmet necessity to explore efficient biomarkers for patients' benefit. Recently, blood miRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be a novel biomarker in human cancers. Part of it is selectively packaged by plasma exosomes released from cells via exocytosis and is highly sensitive to changes in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, due to less invasiveness and technical availability, miRNA-based liquid biopsy holds promise for further wide usage. Therefore, this review is aimed at presenting an update on the association between blood miRNAs and the biology of PDAC, then discussing its clinical utilization further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
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78
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Mehtsun WT, Hashimoto DA, Ferrone CR. Status of 5-Year Survivors of the Whipple Procedure for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Adv Surg 2019; 53:253-269. [PMID: 31327451 DOI: 10.1016/j.yasu.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Winta T Mehtsun
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WAC 460, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel A Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WAC 460, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WAC 460, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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79
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Xue J, Jia E, Ren N, Lindsay A, Yu H. Circulating microRNAs as promising diagnostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer: a systematic review. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6665-6684. [PMID: 31692495 PMCID: PMC6707936 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s207963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common forms of malignant tumors and causes of tumor-related death worldwide. The current prognosis of PC still remains poor due to the lack of effective early detection method. Recently, there is strong support that circulating miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for early detection of various cancers, including PC. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of previous published studies on circulating miRNAs in plasma/serum for early detection of PC and summarize their diagnostic value. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for eligible studies on circulating miRNAs for PC detection. Overall, 29 studies published between 2009 and 2018 evaluating 51 individual miRNAs (no P-value exceeding 0.05) and 13 miRNAs panels were included. Generally, the diagnostic performance of circulating miRNAs for PC detection was strong, with both the sensitivity and specificity of 36% individual miRNAs and 40% miRNAs panels exceeding 80%. Moreover, two promising miRNA panels were discovered and verified externally with all AUC values exceeding 0.95. Therefore, circulating miRNAs may hold potential to be used as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for PC, but large-scale studies are still needed to validate the promising miRNAs and optimize the miRNA panels. Since, the tremendous heterogeneity of studies in this field hampers translating miRNA markers into clinical practice, miRNA analytical procedures are also needed to be standardized in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Erna Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Lindsay
- Major Cancer Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haixin Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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80
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Jelski W, Mroczko B. Biochemical diagnostics of pancreatic cancer - Present and future. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 498:47-51. [PMID: 31430440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers having an exceptionally high mortality rate. Despite a relatively low incidence (10th among cancers), it is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in most developed countries. Improving early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and strengthening the standardised comprehensive treatment remain the main focus of pancreatic cancer research. Tumor markers are usually tumor-associated proteins of clinical relevance in these patients. Although tumor markers carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9) and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) are commonly used, neither demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy. Recently, hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) and various enzymes have been reported as potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. These include macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), macrophage inhibitory cytokine (MIC-1) and various enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, lysosomal exoglycosidases). With the development of molecular technology, detecting K-ras mutation in serum via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is becoming more common and efficient. Because K-ras mutation rates are high in many cancers, some regard it as a potential tumor marker. Others have shown the value of serum miRNAs in detection of pancreatic cancer. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective methods of sufficient diagnostic accuracy to detect early-stage surgically resectable pancreatic cancer. In this article we highlight these biomarkers and summarise recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jelski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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81
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Zhu Y, Wang J, Wang F, Yan Z, Liu G, Ma Y, Zhu W, Li Y, Xie L, Bazhin AV, Guo X. Differential MicroRNA Expression Profiles as Potential Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:575-582. [PMID: 31234772 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a clinical challenge due to its poor prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis of PDAC is extremely important for achieving a cure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as a potential biomarker for the early detection and prognosis of PDAC. In this work we analyzed plasma samples from healthy persons and PDAC patients to assess differential miRNA expression profiles by next generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis. In this way, 165 mature miRNAs were found to be significantly deregulated in the patient group, of which 75 and 90 mature miRNAs were up- and down-regulated compared with healthy individuals, respectively. Furthermore, 1029 novel miRNAs were identified. In conclusion, plasma miRNA expression profiles are different between healthy individuals and patients with PDAC. These data provide a possibility for use of miRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Department of Oncology, International Joint Laboratory for Cell Medical Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, P. R. China.
| | - J Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, P. R. China.
| | - F Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Z Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - G Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, P. R. China
| | - Y Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, 300353, P. R. China.
| | - W Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Y Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - L Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - A V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany.
| | - X Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China.
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82
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Jiang X, Hou D, Wei Z, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Li J. Extracellular and intracellular microRNAs in pancreatic cancer: from early diagnosis to reducing chemoresistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41544-019-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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83
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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this research was to study whether plasma microRNAs (miRNA) can be used for early detection of pancreatic cancer (PC) by analyzing prediagnostic plasma samples collected before a PC diagnosis. Background: PC has a poor prognosis due to late presenting symptoms and early metastasis. Circulating miRNAs are altered in PC at diagnosis but have not been evaluated in a prediagnostic setting. Methods: We first performed an initial screen using a panel of 372 miRNAs in a retrospective case-control cohort that included early-stage PC patients and healthy controls. Significantly altered miRNAs at diagnosis were then measured in an early detection case-control cohort wherein plasma samples in the cases are collected before a PC diagnosis. Carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (Ca 19–9) levels were measured in all samples for comparison. Results: Our initial screen, including 23 stage I-II PC cases and 22 controls, revealed 15 candidate miRNAs that were differentially expressed in plasma samples at PC diagnosis. We combined all 15 miRNAs into a multivariate statistical model, which outperformed Ca 19–9 in receiver-operating characteristics analysis. However, none of the candidate miRNAs, individually or in combination, were significantly altered in prediagnostic plasma samples from 67 future PC patients compared with 132 matched controls. In comparison, Ca 19–9 levels were significantly higher in the cases at <5 years before diagnosis. Conclusion: Plasma miRNAs are altered in PC patients at diagnosis, but the candidate miRNAs found in this study appear late in the course of the disease and cannot be used for early detection of the disease.
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Serum miR-16 as a potential biomarker for human cancer diagnosis: results from a large-scale population. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:787-796. [PMID: 30706130 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a serious public health problem worldwide, and difficulty in early diagnosis has been the chief obstacle to improve the prognosis of patients. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were widely studied to be potential biomarkers for cancer detection. miR-16 is a prevalent but sophisticated one. In the current study, we aimed to assess the diagnostic value of serum miR-16 for cancer detection. METHODS A total of 1458 cancer patients, containing ten types of cancers, and 1457 non-cancer controls were recruited in this study. qRT-PCR was used for the amplification of miRNAs. In addition, a meta-analysis of reported studies was performed to confirm our findings systematically. RESULTS Consequently, miR-16 was down-regulated in ESCC, GCA and GNCA patients compared with NCs (all P < 0.001), while up-regulated in PDAC patients (P = 0.001), LAC, LSCC and EEC patients (all P < 0.001). But no significant differences were observed in CRC, EOC and TC patients when compared to NCs (P = 0.747, 0.235 and 0.268, respectively). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of miR-16 in GCA, ESCC, LAC, LSCC, GNCA, PDAC and EEC were 0.881, 0.780, 0.757, 0.693, 0.602, 0.614 and 0.681, respectively. Results of meta-analysis showed that miR-16 achieved an overall pooled sensitivity of 0.72, specificity of 0.79, and AUC of 0.85, suggesting that miR-16 was a promising biomarker in cancer detection. CONCLUSIONS We provided a comprehensive view of the diagnostic value of serum miR-16 in cancer diagnosis, and confirmed that circulating miR-16 could play an important role in cancer detection.
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85
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Karasek P, Gablo N, Hlavsa J, Kiss I, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Hermanova M, Kala Z, Slaby O, Prochazka V. Pre-operative Plasma miR-21-5p Is a Sensitive Biomarker and Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Surgical Resection. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:321-327. [PMID: 29976637 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as a clinically useful tool for non-invasive detection and prognosis estimation in various cancer types including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of the present study was to provide an independent validation of circulating miRNAs identified in previous studies as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers in PDAC. Based on the literature search, 6 miRNAs were chosen as candidates for independent validation; miR-21-5p, miR-375, miR-155, miR-17-5p, miR-126-5p and miR-1290. Validation of these miRNAs was performed in a cohort of 25 patients with PDAC undergoing surgical resection and 24 healthy donors. Plasma levels of miRNAs were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. We confirmed significantly higher levels of all tested miRNA in blood plasma of PDAC patients in comparison to healthy controls with miR-21-5p showing the highest analytical performance (p<0.001; AUC>0.99). Increased levels of miR-21-5p (p=0.045) and miR-375 (p=0.013) were significantly associated with overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that miR-21-5p is a significant unfavorable prognostic factor independent on other clinical variables including adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio 2.95; 95% CI 1.06-8.18; p=0.038). Our preliminary data indicate promising diagnostic and prognostic utility of plasma miR-21-5p in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Karasek
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Gablo
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hlavsa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kiss
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marketa Hermanova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kala
- Department of Surgery, Faculty Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Prochazka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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86
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Baradaran B, Shahbazi R, Khordadmehr M. Dysregulation of key microRNAs in pancreatic cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1008-1015. [PMID: 30551350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is mentioned as one of the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths and also is considered as one of the most malignancies worldwide. Sadly, widely metastasis is frequently observed at the time of PC detection and there are, thereby, almost poor prognosis and ineffective treatment in PC patients. microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of short non-coding RNAs, regulate various cellular and developmental mechanisms, such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and angiogenesis. Also, they have essential roles even on the progression of different human and animal diseases. In recent years, extensive studies confirmed the important role of miRNAs in various steps of PC developments, including; tumor initiation, invasion and metastasis, which can use valuably for cancer detection, prognosis and therapy. Therefore, the present study reviewed the new recent investigations in miRNAs involvement in the biology of PC associated with their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Shahbazi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran.
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87
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MicroRNAs in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:314-324. [PMID: 30588176 PMCID: PMC6305615 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.80051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a disease with very poor prognosis (only 5-6% of patients are still alive after five years). Attempts to improve the results of treatment of pancreatic cancer focus on a better understanding of the pathogenesis, and non-invasive diagnostic methods (genetic testing from peripheral blood), which would create the possibility of early diagnosis and early surgical treatment before the onset of metastasis. New hopes for the improvement of early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are associated with genetic testing of microRNA expression changes. A large body of evidence has revealed that microRNAs are aberrantly expressed in the serum and in cancer tissues and elicit oncogenic or tumour-suppressive functions. Selected microRNAs can distinguish pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from non-cancerous lesions of the pancreas. This review focuses on the involvement of microRNAs in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Research results related to the development of a novel therapeutic strategy based on the modulation of microRNA expressions for a better outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer are also presented.
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88
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Faraldi M, Gomarasca M, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Free Circulating miRNAs Measurement in Clinical Settings: The Still Unsolved Issue of the Normalization. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 87:113-139. [PMID: 30342709 PMCID: PMC7112021 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating molecules that are released into the circulation in response to specific stimuli are considered potential biomarkers for physiological or pathological processes. Their effective usefulness as biomarkers resides in their stability and high availability in all the biological fluids, combined with the limited invasiveness of intervention. Among the circulating molecules, miRNAs represent a novel class of biomarkers as they possess all the required characteristics such as sensitivity, predictivity, specificity, robustness, translatability, and noninvasiveness. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, that act as inhibitors of protein translation, and intervene in the complex network of the post-transcriptional mechanisms finely regulating gene expression. The emerging role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for clinical applications (e.g., cancer and cardiovascular diseases diagnosis and prediction, musculoskeletal disease diagnosis and bone fracture risk prediction), however, requires the standardization of miRNA processing, from sample collection and sample storage, to RNA isolation, RNA reverse-transcription, and data analyses. Normalization is one of the most controversial issues related to quantitative Real-Time PCR data analysis since no universally accepted normalization strategies and reference genes exist, even more importantly, for circulating miRNA quantification. As it is widely demonstrated that the choice of different normalization strategies influences the results of gene expression analysis, it is important to select the most appropriate normalizers for each experimental set. This review discloses on the different strategies adopted in RT-qPCR miRNA normalization and the concerning issues to highlight on the need of a universally accepted methodology to make comparable the results produced by different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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89
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Kunovsky L, Tesarikova P, Kala Z, Kroupa R, Kysela P, Dolina J, Trna J. The Use of Biomarkers in Early Diagnostics of Pancreatic Cancer. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:5389820. [PMID: 30186820 PMCID: PMC6112218 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5389820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies with increasing incidence. The poor prognosis is due to the aggressive nature of the tumor, late detection, and the resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A radical surgery procedure is the only treatment that has been shown to improve the 5-year survival rate to 20-25%. However, the majority of patients (80-85%) are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease and just 15-20% patients are diagnosed in an early stage allowing them to undergo the potentially curative surgical resection. The early detection of PDAC without the use of invasive methods is challenging and discovery of a cost-effective biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity could significantly improve the treatment and survival in these patients. In this review, we summarize current and newly examined biomarkers in early PDAC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumir Kunovsky
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Brno Bohunice, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno Bohunice, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Tesarikova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Boskovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kala
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno Bohunice, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kroupa
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Brno Bohunice, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kysela
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno Bohunice, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Dolina
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Brno Bohunice, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trna
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Brno Bohunice, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Boskovice, Czech Republic
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90
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Wei L, Yao K, Gan S, Suo Z. Clinical utilization of serum- or plasma-based miRNAs as early detection biomarkers for pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis up to now. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12132. [PMID: 30170450 PMCID: PMC6392607 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal disease, however current screening methods unable to achieve early diagnosis. Blood-based microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising molecular biomarkers for detecting PC. This meta-analysis summaries studies identifying serum- or plasma-based miRNAs dysregulated in PC patients compared to non-PC cases to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy for characterizing PC. METHODS A systematically reviews and meta-analysis of published studies was conducted to compare the serum or plasma miRNAs expressions between PC patients and non-PC cases. Summary estimates for sensitivity, specificity, along with other measures of accuracy of miRNAs in the diagnosis of PC were pooled using the random-effects model. I and Q tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of included studies. The Spearman test was used to analyze the threshold effect. RESULTS Twenty-seven eligible studies were identified after electronic search and literature selection. For single miRNA dysregulation, 32 miRNAs were found to be upregulated in PC patients, and 5 miRNAs were downregulated. Four studies identified a 2-miRNA panel, and 10 studies identified a panel consisting of 3 or more miRNAs which were used to detect PC patients. Additionally, 8 studies combined miRNA panels and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) to diagnose PC. The pooled sensitivities for these 4 groups were 0.77 to 0.85, and specificities were 0.70 to 0.87. The highest area under the curve (AUC), 0.9308, was identified using 2 miRNA panels with sensitivity and specificity of 0.79 (0.74-0.83) and 0.85 (0.81-0.89), respectively. There was great heterogeneity of these 4 miRNA groups. Results of Spearman test revealed that there existed a threshold effect on single miRNA group (r=-0.437, P=.001), and none of the other groups (P all>.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum- or plasma-based miRNAs are capable of distinguishing PC from non-PC with relatively high sensitivity and specificity. In future, miRNAs may be used as promising diagnostic biomarkers for detection of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan Province, China
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91
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Lv Y, Zhou Z, Shen Y, Zhou Q, Ji J, Liu S, Zhang Y. Coupled Fluorometer-Potentiostat System and Metal-Free Monochromatic Luminophores for High-Resolution Wavelength-Resolved Electrochemiluminescent Multiplex Bioassay. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1362-1367. [PMID: 29882407 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers is critical for the early diagnosis of diseases. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) offers outstanding advantages, e.g., low background, over other optical sensing techniques. However, multiplexed ECL bioassay is hindered not only by the lack of generally available ECL spectrometers but also by the limited number of biocompatible monochromatic ECL luminophores for decades. Herein, we report addressing these issues by re-examination of the recent tabletop spectrofluorometer coupled potentiostat as a high-resolution ECL spectrum acquisition system and using carbon nitrides as monochromatic luminophores. A wavelength-resolved multiplexing ECL biosensor is demonstrated to simultaneously detect CA19-9 and mesothelin, two pancreatic cancer biomarkers, at a single-electrode interface. This work could initiate new opportunities for more general multiplex ECL biosensors with competitive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Lv
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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92
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Llop E, Guerrero PE, Duran A, Barrabés S, Massaguer A, Ferri MJ, Albiol-Quer M, de Llorens R, Peracaula R. Glycoprotein biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2537-2554. [PMID: 29962812 PMCID: PMC6021768 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i24.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaC) shows a clear tendency to increase in the next years and therefore represents an important health and social challenge. Currently, there is an important need to find biomarkers for PaC early detection because the existing ones are not useful for that purpose. Recent studies have indicated that there is a large window of time for PaC early detection, which opens the possibility to find early biomarkers that could greatly improve the dismal prognosis of this tumor. The present manuscript reviews the state of the art of the existing PaC biomarkers. It focuses on the anomalous glycosylation process and its role in PaC. Glycan structures of glycoconjugates such as glycoproteins are modified in tumors and these modifications can be detected in biological fluids of the cancer patients. Several studies have found serum glycoproteins with altered glycan chains in PaC patients, but they have not shown enough specificity for PaC. To find more specific cancer glycoproteins we propose to analyze the glycan moieties of a battery of glycoproteins that have been reported to increase in PaC tissues and that can also be found in serum. The combination of these new candidate glycoproteins with their aberrant glycosylation together with the existing biomarkers could result in a panel, which would expect to give better results as a new tool for early diagnosis of PaC and to monitor the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Llop
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Pedro E Guerrero
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Adrià Duran
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Sílvia Barrabés
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - María José Ferri
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
- Clinic Laboratory, University Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Maite Albiol-Quer
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, University Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Rafael de Llorens
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IdIBGi). Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt 17190, Spain
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93
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Welinsky S, Lucas AL. Familial Pancreatic Cancer and the Future of Directed Screening. Gut Liver 2018; 11:761-770. [PMID: 28609837 PMCID: PMC5669591 DOI: 10.5009/gnl16414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States and the 12th most common worldwide. Mortality is high, largely due to late stage of presentation and suboptimal treatment regimens. Approximately 10% of PC cases have a familial basis. The major genetic defect has yet to be identified but may be inherited by an autosomal dominant pattern with reduced penetrance. Several known hereditary syndromes or genes are associated with an increased risk of developing PC and account for approximately 2% of PCs. These syndromes include the hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma, Lynch syndrome, familial polyposis, ataxia-telangiectasia, and hereditary pancreatitis. Appropriate screening using methods such as biomarkers or imaging, with endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, may assist in the early detection of neoplastic lesions in the high-risk population. If these lesions are detected and treated before the development of invasive carcinoma, PC disease morbidity and mortality may be improved. This review will focus on familial PC and other hereditary syndromes implicated in the increased risk of PC; it will also highlight current screening methods and the future of new screening modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Welinsky
- Samuel F. Bronfman Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aimee L Lucas
- Samuel F. Bronfman Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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94
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Zhou X, Lu Z, Wang T, Huang Z, Zhu W, Miao Y. Plasma miRNAs in diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer: A miRNA expression analysis. Gene 2018; 673:181-193. [PMID: 29913239 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients may act as a diagnostic biomarker. A four-stage study was performed to identify plasma miRNAs with potential in detecting PC. Exiqon panels (20 PC vs. 10 normal controls (NCs)) were applied in the screening phase to obtain miRNA profiling. The identified miRNAs were further assessed in the training (40 PC vs. 40 NCs) and testing stages (112 PC vs. 116 NCs) with qRT-PCR assays. A six-miRNA signature including up-regulated miR-122-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-193b-3p, miR-221-3p and miR-27b-3p was identified. The signature could accurately discriminate PC patients from NCs with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.848, 0.833 and 0.937 for the training, testing and the external validation stage (41 PC vs. 50 NCs), respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that down-regulated plasma miR-125b-5p could predict worse OS independent from late tumor stage and high CA19-9. All the six miRNAs except miR-122-5p showed high expression levels in PC tissues than those in matched normal tissues. MiR-122-5p and miR-193b-3p were up-regulated, while miR-221-3p was down-regulated in plasma exosomes from PC patients. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the miRNAs might involve in several molecular pathways closely related with PC such as p53 signaling pathway, pancreatic cancer, TGF-beta signaling pathway and so on. In conclusion, we identified a six-miRNA signature in plasma which could act as a non-invasive biomarker in diagnosis and prognosis of PC. Plasma miR-125b-5p might act as an independent biomarker in predicting OS of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zebo Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Road, Wuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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95
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Li X, Gao P, Wang Y, Wang X. Blood-Derived microRNAs for Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis: A Narrative Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:685. [PMID: 29922178 PMCID: PMC5996199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be aberrantly expressed in patients with pancreatic cancer. In present review we explored the biological roles of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer and their clinical value in diagnosis. In the systematic review, the potential value of miRNAs as biomarkers was investigated by reviewing the altered miRNA profiles reported in pancreatic cancer patients in 356 included studies. In the subsequent meta-analysis, we included 17 studies in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer with a panel of altered miRNAs. The following results were obtained: pooled sensitivity of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83–0.92), pooled specificity of 0.83 (95%CI 0.77–0.88), diagnostic odds ratio of 27 (95%CI 14–53), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90 (95%CI 0.88–0.93). To further explore the value of a single miRNA, the diagnostic value of miR-21 in PA was also demonstrated by the pooled sensitivity (0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.94), specificity (0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.83) as well as AUC (0.91 (95%CI 0.88–0.93). In conclusion, our findings suggest that aberrant miRNA expression in blood play an essential role in pancreatic cancer, and meta-analysis revealed blood-derived miRNAs as probable biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Echocardiography, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pujun Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Echocardiography, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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96
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of miRNAs in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:6292396. [PMID: 29887920 PMCID: PMC5977035 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6292396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background It is reported that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, the diagnostic value of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer remains controversial. The meta-analysis was to access diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG Data, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and VIP databases were retrieved up to June 30, 2016, to collect articles concerning the diagnosis of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer. The methodological quality of each study was assessed by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). This meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan5.0, MetaDiSc 1.4, and Stata 12.0 software. Results There are 40 articles including 109 studies. The pooled SEN was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.80–0.82), the pooled SPE was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.77–0.79), the pooled +LR was 3.32 (95% CI, 2.92–3.80), the pooled −LR was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.24–0.31), the pooled DOR was 14.56 (95% CI, 11.55–18.34), and pooled AUC was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.84–0.88). Discussion This meta-analysis demonstrated that miRNA makes a significant impact in the pancreatic cancer diagnosis with a high SEN and SPE, particularly using multiple miRNAs.
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97
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Xie C, Aloreidi K, Patel B, Ridgway T, Thambi-Pillai T, Timmerman G, Khan A, Atiq M. Indeterminate biliary strictures: a simplified approach. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:189-199. [PMID: 29034764 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1391090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pre-operative evaluation of biliary strictures remains challenging. The dilemma that exists is how to balance the risk of failing to detect malignancy and the potential morbidity caused by unnecessary surgery in patients with benign etiologies. With emerging novel diagnostic modalities, this study aims to assess the efficacy of diagnostic techniques and facilitate a clinical approach to indeterminate biliary strictures. Areas covered: Conventional imaging modalities are crucial in identifying the location of a stricture and are helpful for choosing further diagnostic modalities. Utilization of endoscopic techniques, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), is key in establishing a diagnosis. The emergence of novel diagnostic modalities, such as fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), peroral cholangioscopy (POC), intraductal endoscopic ultrasound (IDUS) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), enhance the diagnostic yield in the evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures. Expert commentary: More reliable and validated visual criteria for differentiating malignancy from benign biliary conditions, utilizing advanced imaging modalities such as POC and CLE, need to be established. It is of significance to further evaluate these novel diagnostic modalities through ongoing trials and to develop a diagnostic algorithm that reconciles cost-effectiveness with diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Xie
- a Internal Medicine , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Khalil Aloreidi
- a Internal Medicine , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Bhavesh Patel
- b Surgery , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Timothy Ridgway
- b Surgery , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Thavam Thambi-Pillai
- a Internal Medicine , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Gary Timmerman
- a Internal Medicine , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
| | - Adeel Khan
- c Surgery , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Muslim Atiq
- b Surgery , University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine , Sioux Falls , SD , USA
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98
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Guo J, Yuan C, Yan Q, Duan Q, Li X, Yi G. An electrochemical biosensor for microRNA-196a detection based on cyclic enzymatic signal amplification and template-free DNA extension reaction with the adsorption of methylene blue. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 105:103-108. [PMID: 29367007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive electrochemical biosensor was developed for microRNA-196a detection, which is of important diagnostic significance for pancreatic cancer. It was based on cyclic enzymatic signal amplification (CESA) and template-free DNA extension reaction. In the presence of microRNA-196a, duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) catalyzed the digestion of the 3'-PO4 terminated capture probe (CP), resulting in the target recycling amplification. Meanwhile, the 3'-OH terminal of CP was exposed. Then, template-free DNA extension reaction was triggered by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), producing amounts of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). After ssDNA absorbed numerous methylene blue (MB), an ultrasensitive electrochemical readout was obtained. Based on this dual amplification mechanism, the proposed biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity for detection of microRNA-196a down to 15 aM with a linear range from 0.05 fM to 50 pM. This biosensor displayed high specificity, which could discriminate target microRNAs from one base mismatched microRNAs. It also showed good reproducibility and stability. Furthermore, it was successfully applied to the determination of microRNA-196a in plasma samples. In conclusion, with the excellent analytical performance, this biosensor might have the potential for application in clinical diagnostics of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Changjing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Gang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Diagnostics of Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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99
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Ren L, Yu Y. The role of miRNAs in the diagnosis, chemoresistance, and prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:179-187. [PMID: 29416345 PMCID: PMC5790163 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s154226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a very challenging malignancy with late presentation, metastatic potential, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of multitude number of genes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to the development of various malignancies, including PDAC. A series of miRNAs have been defined as holding promise for early diagnostics, as indicators of therapy resistance, and even as markers for prognosis in PDAC patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in diagnosis, chemoresistance, and prognosis in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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100
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Cao Z, Liu C, Xu J, You L, Wang C, Lou W, Sun B, Miao Y, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Plasma microRNA panels to diagnose pancreatic cancer: Results from a multicenter study. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41575-41583. [PMID: 27223429 PMCID: PMC5173079 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) are urgent needed. Plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) might be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of cancer. We analyzed 361 plasma samples from 6 surgical centers in China and performed machine learning approach. We gain insight of the association between the aberrant plasma miRNA expression and pancreatic disease. 671 microRNAs were screened in the discovery phase and 33 microRNAs in the training phase and 13 microRNAs in the validation phase. After the discovery phase and training phase, 2 diagnostic panels were constructed comprising 3 microRNAs in panel I (miR-486-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-106b-3p) and 6 microRNAs in panel II (miR-486-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-106b-3p, miR-938, miR-26b-3p, miR-1285). Panel I and panel II had high accuracy for distinguishing pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis (CP) with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.891 (Standard Error (SE): 0.097) and 0.889 (SE: 0.097) respectively, in the validation phase. Additionally, we demonstrated that the diagnostic value of the panels in discriminating PC from CP were comparable to that of carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA 19–9) 0.775 (SE: 0.053) (P = 0.1 for both). This study identified 2 diagnostic panels based on microRNA expression in plasma with the potential to distinguish PC from CP. These patterns might be developed as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xubao Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaowo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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