51
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SUV39H2 promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis via tri-methylation of the SLIT1 promoter. Cancer Lett 2018; 422:56-69. [PMID: 29458143 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 2 (SUV39H2) is a member of the SUV39H subfamily of lysine methyltransferases. Its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) proliferation and metastasis has remained unexplored. Here, we determined that SUV39H2 was upregulated in CRC tissues compared with that in adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Further statistical analysis revealed that high SUV39H2 expression was strongly associated with distant metastasis (P = 0.016) and TNM stage (P = 0.038) and predicted a shorter overall survival (OS; P = 0.018) and progression-free survival (PFS; P = 0.018) time for CRC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that ectopically expressed SUV39H2 enhanced CRC proliferation and metastasis, while SUV39H2 knockdown inhibited CRC proliferation and metastasis. A molecular screen of SUV39H2 targets found that SUV39H2 negatively regulated the expression of SLIT guidance ligand 1 (SLIT1). Moreover, rescue assays suggested that SLIT1 could antagonize the function of SUV39H2 in CRC. Mechanistic studies indicated that SUV39H2 can directly bind to the SLIT1 promoter, suppressing SLIT1 transcription by catalyzing histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) tri-methylation. In summary, we propose that SUV39H2 can predict CRC patient prognosis and stimulate CRC malignant phenotypes via SLIT1 promoter tri-methylation.
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52
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Liu B, Zhang X, Song F, Liu Q, Dai H, Zheng H, Cui P, Zhang L, Zhang W, Chen K. A functional single nucleotide polymorphism of SET8 is prognostic for breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:34277-87. [PMID: 27144429 PMCID: PMC5085155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus rs16917496 (T > C) within the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of SET8 was associated with susceptibility in several malignancies including breast cancer. To further elucidate the prognostic relevance of this SNP in breast cancer, we conducted a clinical study as well as SET8 expression analysis in a cohort of 1,190 breast cancer patients. We demonstrated the expression levels of SET8 in TT genotype were higher than in CC genotypes, and high levels of SET8 were associated with poor survival. SET8 expression was significantly higher in breast tumor tissue than in paired adjacent normal tissue. In addition, survival analysis in 315 patients showed SNP rs16917496 was an independent prognostic factor of breast cancer outcome with TT genotype associated with poor survival compared with CC/CT genotypes. Thus, this SNP may serve as a genetic prognostic factor and a treatment target for breast cancer. Future studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xining Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hongji Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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53
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Nguyen L, Masouminia M, Mendoza A, Samadzadeh S, Tillman B, Morgan T, French B, French S. Alcoholic hepatitis versus non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Levels of expression of some proteins involved in tumorigenesis. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 104:45-49. [PMID: 29307797 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is commonly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and/or hypertriglyceridemia, while alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) is associated with alcohol abuse. Both NASH and ASH patients can develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) if left untreated. However, the rate of tumorigenesis in NASH and ASH appears to be different. Individuals with NASH progress to HCC at a rate of 0.5% annually (Lindenmeyer and McCullough, 2018), when individuals with ASH progress to HCC at a rate of 3-10% annually (Schwartz and Reinus, 2012). Thus, the objective of our study is to determine if there are differences in NASH versus ASH in the levels of different proteins expressed involved in cancer development. The method used was measuring the proteins expressed in liver biopsied sections from NASH and ASH patients using immunohistochemical staining with fluorescent antibodies and then quantitating the fluorescence intensity morphometrically. The 20 proteins tested are parts of the Ingenuity Canonical Pathway of Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer and include: RAP2B, NAIP, FYN, PAK6, SUV39H1, GNAI1, BAX, E2F3, CKDN2B, BAK1, BCL2, DIABLO, RASGRF2, GNA15, PIK3CB, BRCA1, MAP2K1, BIRC3, CDK2, and ATM. In ASH, the proteins that showed upregulated levels of expression were SUV39H1, E2F3, BCL2, BAK1, BIRC3, and GNAI1. In NASH, the proteins that showed upregulated levels of expression were BAK1 and GNAI1 and the protein that showed downregulated level of expression was BCL2. Additionally, levels of expression for SUV39H1, E2F3, BCL2, BAK1, BIRC3, and GNAI1 were significant upregulated in ASH compared to NASH. These results showed significant differences in ASH compared to normal liver, and significant differences in ASH compared to NASH. Thus, we conclude that there are more proteins involved in tumorigenesis in ASH compared to NASH and in ASH compared to normal liver, which is consistent with the known tumor development rate in ASH and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Nguyen
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Samuel French
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
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54
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Carvalho Alves-Silva J, do Amaral Rabello D, Oliveira Bravo M, Lucena-Araujo A, Madureira de Oliveira D, Morato de Oliveira F, Magalhaes Rego E, Pittella-Silva F, Saldanha-Araujo F. Aberrant levels of SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 methyltransferase are associated with genomic instability in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:654-661. [PMID: 28833505 DOI: 10.1002/em.22128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal alterations are commonly detected in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and impact disease pathogenesis, prognosis, and progression. Telomerase expression (hTERT), its activity and the telomere length are other important predictors of survival and multiple outcomes in CLL. SUV39H and SUV420H enzymes are histone methyltransferases (HMTases) involved in several cellular processes, including regulation of telomere length, heterochromatin organization, and genome stability. Here, we investigated whether SUV39H1, SUV39H2, SUV420H1, SUV420H2, and hTERT are associated with genomic instability of CLL. SUV39H (1/2), SUV420H (1/2), and hTERT expression was determined in 59 CLL samples by real time PCR. In addition, ZAP-70 protein expression was evaluated by Flow Cytometry and patients' karyotype was defined by Cytogenetic Analysis. Low expression of SUV39H1 was associated with the acquisition of altered and complex karyotypes. Conversely, high expression of SUV39H2 correlated with cytogenetic abnormalities in CLL patients. The pattern of karyotypic alterations differed in samples with detectable or undetectable hTERT expression. Furthermore, hTERT expression in CLL showed a correlation with transcript levels of SUV39H2, which, in part, can explain the association between SUV39H2 expression and cytogenetic abnormalities. Moreover, SUV39H1 correlated with SUV420H1 expression while SUV420H2 was associated with all other investigated HMTases. Our data show that the differential expression of SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 is associated with genomic instability and that the modulation of these HMTases can be an attractive approach to prevent CLL evolution. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:654-661, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carvalho Alves-Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade de Brasília, Av. L2 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brasil
| | - Doralina do Amaral Rabello
- Laboratório de Patologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade de Brasília, Av. L2 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brasil
| | - Martha Oliveira Bravo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Av. L2 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brasil
| | - Antônio Lucena-Araujo
- Laboratório de Hematologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brasil
| | - Diego Madureira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Patologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade de Brasília, Av. L2 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brasil
| | - Fábio Morato de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hematologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14.048-900, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Magalhaes Rego
- Laboratório de Hematologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14.048-900, Brasil
| | - Fábio Pittella-Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade de Brasília, Av. L2 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brasil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Laboratório de Patologia Molecular do Câncer, Universidade de Brasília, Av. L2 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Av. L2 Norte, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brasil
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55
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Yaseen I, Choudhury M, Sritharan M, Khosla S. Histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 participates in host defense by methylating mycobacterial histone-like protein HupB. EMBO J 2017; 37:183-200. [PMID: 29170282 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cell defense against an invading pathogen depends upon various multifactorial mechanisms, several of which remain undiscovered. Here, we report a novel defense mechanism against mycobacterial infection that utilizes the histone methyltransferase, SUV39H1. Normally, a part of the host chromatin, SUV39H1, was also found to be associated with the mycobacterial bacilli during infection. Its binding to bacilli was accompanied by trimethylation of the mycobacterial histone-like protein, HupB, which in turn reduced the cell adhesion capability of the bacilli. Importantly, SUV39H1-mediated methylation of HupB reduced the mycobacterial survival inside the host cell. This was also true in mice infection experiments. In addition, the ability of mycobacteria to form biofilms, a survival strategy of the bacteria dependent upon cell-cell adhesion, was dramatically reduced in the presence of SUV39H1. Thus, this novel defense mechanism against mycobacteria represents a surrogate function of the epigenetic modulator, SUV39H1, and operates by interfering with their cell-cell adhesion ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiyaz Yaseen
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Mitali Choudhury
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manjula Sritharan
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjeev Khosla
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India
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56
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Epigenetic reprogramming in liver fibrosis and cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:124-132. [PMID: 29079534 PMCID: PMC5716427 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel insights into the epigenetic control of chronic liver diseases are now emerging. Recent advances in our understanding of the critical roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNA may now be exploited to improve management of fibrosis/cirrhosis and cancer. Furthermore, improved technologies for the detection of epigenetic markers from patients' blood and tissues will vastly improve diagnosis, treatment options and prognostic tracking. The aim of this review is to present recent findings from the field of liver epigenetics and to explore their potential for translation into therapeutics to prevent disease promoting epigenome reprogramming and reverse epigenetic changes.
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57
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Hosseini A, Minucci S. A comprehensive review of lysine-specific demethylase 1 and its roles in cancer. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1123-1142. [PMID: 28699367 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation plays a key role in the regulation of chromatin structure, and its dynamics regulates important cellular processes. The investigation of the role of alterations in histone methylation in cancer has led to the identification of histone methyltransferases and demethylases as promising novel targets for therapy. Lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1, also known as KDM1A) is the first discovered histone lysine demethylase, with the ability to demethylase H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2 at target loci in a context-dependent manner. LSD1 regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells, and is highly expressed in various cancers, playing an important role in differentiation and self-renewal of tumor cells. In this review, we summarize recent studies about the LSD1, its role in normal and tumor cells, and the potential use of small molecule LSD1 inhibitors in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hosseini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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58
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Lai X, Deng Z, Guo H, Zhu X, Tu W. HP1α is highly expressed in glioma cells and facilitates cell proliferation and survival. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28623138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alteration plays critical roles in gliomagenesis by regulating gene expression through modifications of Histones and DNA. Trimethylation of H3K9, an essential repressed transcription mark, and one of its methyltransferase, SUV39H1, are implicated in glioma pathogenesis and progression. We find that the protein level of HP1α, a reader of H3K9me3 is elevated in cultured glioma cell lines and glioma tissues. H3K9me3 is also upregulated. Depletion of HP1α and SUV39H1 weakens glioma cell proliferation capacity and results in apoptosis of cells. Furthermore, we find that HP1α and H3K9me3 are enriched in the FAS and PUMA promoters, which suggests that upregulated HP1α and H3K9me3 contribute to cell survival by suppressing apoptotic activators. These data suggests that up-regulated HP1α and H3K9me3 in glioma cells are functionally associated with glioma pathogenesis and progression and may serve as novel biomarkers for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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59
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Maizels Y, Elbaz A, Hernandez-Vicens R, Sandrusy O, Rosenberg A, Gerlitz G. Increased chromatin plasticity supports enhanced metastatic potential of mouse melanoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:282-290. [PMID: 28551377 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis formation is strongly dependent on the migration capabilities of tumor cells. Recently it has become apparent that nuclear structure and morphology affect the cellular ability to migrate. Previously we found that migration of melanoma cells is both associated with and dependent on global chromatin condensation. Therefore, we anticipated that tumor progression would be associated with increased chromatin condensation. Interestingly, the opposite has been reported for melanoma. In trying to resolve this contradiction, we show that during growth conditions, tumor progression is associated with global chromatin de-condensation that is beneficial for faster proliferation. However, upon induction of migration, in both low- and high-metastatic mouse melanoma cells chromatin undergoes condensation to support cell migration. Our results reveal that throughout tumor progression induction of chromatin condensation by migration signals is maintained, whereas the organization of chromatin during growth conditions is altered. Thus, tumor progression is associated with an increase in chromatin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Maizels
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Adi Elbaz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ariel University, Israel
| | | | - Oshrat Sandrusy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Anna Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Gabi Gerlitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ariel University, Israel.
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60
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Jehanno C, Flouriot G, Nicol-Benoît F, Le Page Y, Le Goff P, Michel D. Envisioning metastasis as a transdifferentiation phenomenon clarifies discordant results on cancer. Breast Dis 2017; 36:47-59. [PMID: 27177343 DOI: 10.3233/bd-150210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is generally conceived as a dedifferentiation process in which quiescent post-mitotic differentiated cells acquire stem-like properties and the capacity to proliferate. This view holds for the initial stages of carcinogenesis but is more questionable for advanced stages when the cells can transdifferentiate into the contractile phenotype associated to migration and metastasis. Singularly from this perspective, the hallmark of the most aggressive cancers would correspond to a genuine differentiation status, even if it is different from the original one. This seeming paradox could help reconciling discrepancies in the literature about the pro- or anti-tumoral functions of candidate molecules involved in cancer and whose actual effects depend on the tumoral grade. These ambiguities which are likely to concern a myriad of molecules and pathways, are illustrated here with the selected examples of chromatin epigenetics and myocardin-related transcription factors, using the human MCF10A and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Self-renewing stem like cells are characterized by a loose chromatin with low levels of the H3K9 trimetylation, but high levels of this mark can also appear in cancer cells acquiring a contractile-type differentiation state associated to metastasis. Similarly, the myocardin-related transcription factor MRTF-A is involved in metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas this factor is naturally enriched in the quiescent cells which are precisely the most resistant to cancer: cardiomyocytes. These seeming paradoxes reflect the bistable epigenetic landscape of cancer in which dedifferentiated self-renewing and differentiated migrating states are incompatible at the single cell level, though coexisting at the population level.
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61
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Altieri F, Di Stadio CS, Federico A, Miselli G, De Palma M, Rippa E, Arcari P. Epigenetic alterations of gastrokine 1 gene expression in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16899-16911. [PMID: 28129645 PMCID: PMC5370009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrokine 1 (GKN1) protein is important for maintaining the physiological function of the gastric mucosa. GKN1 is down-regulated in gastric tumor tissues and derived cell lines and its over-expression in gastric cancer cells induces apoptosis, suggesting a possible role for the protein as a tumor suppressor. However, the mechanism by which GKN1 is inactivated in gastric cancer remains unknown. Here, we investigated the causes of GKN1 silencing to determine if epigenetic mechanisms such as histonic modification could contribute to its down-regulation. To this end, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays for the trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9triMe) and its specific histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (SUV39H1) were performed on biopsies of normal and cancerous human gastric tissues. GKN1 down-regulation in gastric cancer tissues was shown to be associated with high levels of H3K9triMe and with the recruitment of SUV39H1 to the GKN1 promoter, suggesting the presence of an epigenetic transcriptional complex that negatively regulates GKN1 expression in gastric tumors. The inhibition of histone deacetylases with trichostatin A was also shown to increase GKN1 mRNA levels. Collectively, our results indicate that complex epigenetic machinery regulates GKN1 expression at the transcriptional level, and likely at the translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Altieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Stella Di Stadio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Federico
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Miselli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Emilia Rippa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Arcari
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnology Scarl, Naples, Italy
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62
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Abstract
Compelling evidence have demonstrated that bulk tumors can arise from a unique subset of cells commonly termed "cancer stem cells" that has been proposed to be a strong driving force of tumorigenesis and a key mechanism of therapeutic resistance. Recent advances in epigenomics have illuminated key mechanisms by which epigenetic regulation contribute to cancer progression. In this review, we present a discussion of how deregulation of various epigenetic pathways can contribute to cancer initiation and tumorigenesis, particularly with respect to maintenance and survival of cancer stem cells. This information, together with several promising clinical and preclinical trials of epigenetic modulating drugs, offer new possibilities for targeting cancer stem cells as well as improving cancer therapy overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Boon Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jhin Jieh Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #12-01, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
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63
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Inflammatory cytokine IL6 cooperates with CUDR to aggravate hepatocyte-like stem cells malignant transformation through NF-κB signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36843. [PMID: 27833137 PMCID: PMC5104983 DOI: 10.1038/srep36843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines and lncRNAs are closely associated with tumorigenesis. Herein, we reveal inflammatory cytokines IL6 cooperates with long noncoding RNA CUDR to trigger the malignant transformation of human embryonic stem cells-derived hepatocyte-like stem cells. Mechanistically, IL6 cooperates with CUDR to cause MELLT3 to interact with SUV39h1 mRNA3′UTR and promote SUV39h1 expression. Moreover, the excessive SUV39h1 also increases tri-methylation of histone H3 on nineth lysine (H3K9me3). Intriguingly, under inflammatory conditions, H3K9me3 promotes the excessive expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB, and in turn, phorsphorylated NF-κB promotes the expression and phosphorylation of Stat3. Furthermore, that the phosphorylated Stat3 loads onto the promoter region of miRs and lncRNAs. Ultimately, the abnormal expression of miRs and lncRNAs increased telomerase activity, telomere length and microsatellite instability (MSI), leading to malignant transformation of hepatocyte-like stem cells.
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64
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Moreno FS, Heidor R, Pogribny IP. Nutritional Epigenetics and the Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bioactive Food Constituents. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:719-33. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1180410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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65
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Piao L, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Nakamura Y, Hamamoto R. SUV39H2 methylates and stabilizes LSD1 by inhibiting polyubiquitination in human cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16939-50. [PMID: 26183527 PMCID: PMC4627283 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
LSD1 is a histone lysine demethylase, which is highly expressed in multiple types of human cancer. Although its roles in transcriptional regulation have been well-studied, functional regulation of LSD1 by post-translational modifications still remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the histone lysine methyltransferase SUV39H2 trimethylated LSD1 on lysine 322. Knockdown of SUV39H2 resulted in a decrease of LSD1 protein even though the mRNA levels were unchanged. SUV39H2-induced LSD1 methylation suppresses LSD1 polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation. In addition, we also observed indirect effect of SUV39H2 overexpression on LSD1-target genes. Our results reveal the regulatory mechanism of LSD1 protein through its lysine methylation by SUV39H2 in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Piao
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterizaion Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterizaion Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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66
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The anticancer effect of chaetocin is enhanced by inhibition of autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2098. [PMID: 26890137 PMCID: PMC5399187 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chaetocin is a fungal metabolite that possesses a potent antiproliferative activity in solid tumors by inducing cell death. Although recent studies have extended the role of chaetocin in tumors, the underlying molecular mechanisms such as the downstream cascade that induces cell death has not clearly been elucidated. In this study, we show that chaetocin is able to induce both apoptosis and autophagy in several hepatoma cell lines including HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7 cell lines. Moreover, we found that the inhibition of caspase-3/7 activity by z-VAD-fmk treatment was able to block chaetocin-mediated cell death, whereas blocking autophagy by Bafilomycin A1 or the knockdown of autophagy protein 5 enhanced cell death mediated by chaetocin. These findings suggest that chaetocin has a potent anticancer effect against hepatoma. Inhibition of autophagy may potentiate anticancer effects of chaetocin thus providing evidence that combined treatment with chaetocin and autophagy inhibitors will be an effective strategy for treating cancer.
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67
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Chiba T, Iwama A, Yokosuka O. Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic implications based on stem cell biology. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:50-7. [PMID: 26123821 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advances in its diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis of patients with advanced HCC remains unfavorable. Recent advances in stem cell biology and associated technologies have enabled the identification of minor components of tumorigenic cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSC) or tumor-initiating cells, in cancers such as HCC. Furthermore, because CSC play a central role in tumor development, metastasis and recurrence, they are considered to be a therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Hepatic CSC have been successfully identified using functional and cell surface markers. The analysis of purified hepatic CSC has revealed the molecular machinery and signaling pathways involved in their maintenance. In addition, epigenetic transcriptional regulation has been shown to be important in the development and maintenance of CSC. Although inhibitors of CSC show promise as CSC-targeting drugs, novel therapeutic approaches for the eradication of CSC are yet to be established. In this review, we describe recent progress in hepatic CSC research and provide a perspective on the available therapeutic approaches based on stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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68
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Chernyavskaya Y, Kent B, Sadler KC. Zebrafish Discoveries in Cancer Epigenetics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 916:169-97. [PMID: 27165354 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cancer epigenome is fundamentally different than that of normal cells. How these differences arise in and contribute to carcinogenesis is not known, and studies using model organisms such as zebrafish provide an opportunity to address these important questions. Modifications of histones and DNA comprise the complex epigenome, and these influence chromatin structure, genome stability and gene expression, all of which are fundamental to the cellular changes that cause cancer. The cancer genome atlas covers the wide spectrum of genetic changes associated with nearly every cancer type, however, this catalog is currently uni-dimensional. As the pattern of epigenetic marks and chromatin structure in cancer cells is described and overlaid on the mutational landscape, the map of the cancer genome becomes multi-dimensional and highly complex. Two major questions remain in the field: (1) how the epigenome becomes repatterned in cancer and (2) which of these changes are cancer-causing. Zebrafish provide a tractable in vivo system to monitor the epigenome during transformation and to identify epigenetic drivers of cancer. In this chapter, we review principles of cancer epigenetics and discuss recent work using zebrafish whereby epigenetic modifiers were established as cancer driver genes, thus providing novel insights into the mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Chernyavskaya
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1020, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1020, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brandon Kent
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1020, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1020, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1020, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kirsten C Sadler
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1020, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1020, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- School of Biomedical Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1020, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Campus, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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69
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Variants of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 24 play a crucial role in lung cancer malignancy. Oncogene 2015; 35:3669-80. [PMID: 26568301 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a critical modifier regulating the degradation and function of its target proteins during posttranslational modification. Here we found that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 24 (USP24) is highly expressed in cell lines with enhanced malignancy and in late-stage lung cancer clinical samples. Studying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of USP24 using genomic DNA of lung cancer patients revealed an increase in SNP 7656C/T. When using RNA specimens instead of the genomic DNA of lung cancer patients, we found significant increases in the ratios of variants 930C/T and 7656T/C, suggesting that variants at these two sites are not only caused by the SNP of DNA but also by the RNA editing. USP24-930T and USP24-7656C increase USP24 expression levels by increasing RNA stability. Knocking down USP24 increased Suv39h1 level through a decrease in mouse double-minute 2 homolog levels, thus enhancing lysine-9 methylation of histone H3, and resulting in the prevention of lung cancer malignancy. In conclusion, as USP24 variant analysis revealed a higher ratio of variants in blood specimens of lung cancer patients than that in normal individuals, USP24-930T and USP24-7656C might be useful as diagnostic markers for cancer detection.
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70
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Wang DY, Zou LP, Liu XJ, Zhu HG, Zhu R. Hepatitis B virus X protein induces the histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation on the promoter of p16 gene in hepatocarcinogenesis. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:399-408. [PMID: 26341139 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) suppresses the p16 expression in hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study we explored the relationship between HBx and trimethylation of H3K9 (H3K9me3), and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in HBx inducing the tumor suppressor p16 gene silence. SMMC-7721 and HepG2 hepatoma cell lines were transfected with HBx-expressing plasmid. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction, were performed to detect the expressions of HBx, H3K9me3, and jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJd2B). H3K9me3 enrichment on the p16 promoter was measured by immunoprecipitation-PCR (ChIP-PCR) analyses, and 39 cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) associated-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and corresponding noncancerous liver tissues were also examined. We demonstrated that HBx was able to upregulate H3K9me3 and suppress JMJd2B mRNA and protein levels in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 hepatoma cell lines. JMJd2B, as a specific target of H3K9me3 for demethylation, was inversely correlated with the levels of H3K9me3 in SMMC-7721 (r=-0.666, P<0.05) and HepG2 cells (r=-0.625, P<0.05). The ChIP-PCR data indicated that HBx remarkably increased H3K9me3 on the p16 promoter region. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that H3K9me3 expression in HBx positive HCC samples were significantly higher than that in HBx negative HCC tissues and were associated with decreased levels of JMJd2B expression. JMJd2B immunoreactivity was also remarkably inversed to that of HBx in HCC tissues (r=-0.630, P<0.05). Our results provide evidence that HBx is able to induce H3K9me3 on the p16 promoter via the decrease of demethylase JMJd2B expression and thus promote the repression of p16 gene expression to enhance hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Ping Zou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Guang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Kornienko A, Evidente A, Vurro M, Mathieu V, Cimmino A, Evidente M, van Otterlo WAL, Dasari R, Lefranc F, Kiss R. Toward a Cancer Drug of Fungal Origin. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:937-67. [PMID: 25850821 PMCID: PMC4529806 DOI: 10.1002/med.21348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although fungi produce highly structurally diverse metabolites, many of which have served as excellent sources of pharmaceuticals, no fungi-derived agent has been approved as a cancer drug so far. This is despite a tremendous amount of research being aimed at the identification of fungal metabolites with promising anticancer activities. This review discusses the results of clinical testing of fungal metabolites and their synthetic derivatives, with the goal to evaluate how far we are from an approved cancer drug of fungal origin. Also, because in vivo studies in animal models are predictive of the efficacy and toxicity of a given compound in a clinical situation, literature describing animal cancer testing of compounds of fungal origin is reviewed as well. Agents showing the potential to advance to clinical trials are also identified. Finally, the technological challenges involved in the exploitation of fungal biodiversity and procurement of sufficient quantities of clinical candidates are discussed, and potential solutions that could be pursued by researchers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vurro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/0, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Laboratorie de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratorie de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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72
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Xia RH, Wang Z, Zhang CY, Hu YH, Zhou RR, Wang LZ, Tian Z, Li J. Low expression of endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) is related to H3K9me3 binding with the EDNRB promoter region and is associated with the clinical T tumor stage in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:258-68. [PMID: 26166030 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) expression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and the mechanism of the regulation of EDNRB expression. STUDY DESIGN After screening, EDNRB was selected, and the expression was detected using immunohistochemistry in 33 ACC samples (including 6 clinical tumor stage 1 [T1] patients, 13 T2 patients, 9 T3 patients, and 5 T4 patients) and 20 adjacent glands. Interaction between the EDNRB promoter region and histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) was examined using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in combination with ChIP-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR). EDNRB expression in ACC cells treated with chaetocin was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot tests. RESULTS EDNRB expression was lower in ACC than that in adjacent glands (P = .006). The expression of EDNRB in patients with advanced T stage was lower than that in patients with early T stage (P = .024). The low EDNRB gene expression group had more H3K9me3 binding regions in the gene promoter (P = .003). EDNRB gene expression significantly increased in the ACC cell lines after treatment with chaetocin. Chaetocin could reduce the interaction between the EDNRB promoter and H3K9me3. CONCLUSIONS H3K9me3 binding to the EDNRB promoter region could reduce the EDNRB expression. Low EDNRB expression played a role in the progression of ACC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hui Xia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Ye Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hua Hu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Rui Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Zhen Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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73
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Baumann M, Dieskau AP, Loertscher BM, Walton MC, Nam S, Xie J, Horne D, Overman LE. Tricyclic Analogues of Epidithiodioxopiperazine Alkaloids with Promising In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4451-4457. [PMID: 26301062 PMCID: PMC4540405 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01536g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A short synthesis of 1,4-dioxohexahydro-6H-3,8a-epidithiopyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines will enable future mechanistic and translational studies of these structurally novel and promising clinical antitumor candidates.
Epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids are structurally elaborate alkaloids that show potent antitumor activity. However, their high toxicity and demonstrated interactions with various biological receptors compromises their therapeutic potential. In an effort to mitigate these disadvantages, a short stereocontrolled construction of tricyclic analogues of epidithiodioxopiperazine alkaloids was developed. Evaluation of a small library of such structures against two invasive cancer cell lines defined initial structure–activity relationships (SAR), which identified 1,4-dioxohexahydro-6H-3,8a-epidithiopyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine 3c and related structures as particularly promising antitumor agents. ETP alkaloid analogue 3c exhibits low nanomolar activity against both solid and blood tumors in vitro. In addition, 3c significantly suppresses tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of melanoma and lung cancer, without obvious signs of toxicity, following either intraperitoneal (IP) or oral administration. The short synthesis of molecules in this series will enable future mechanistic and translational studies of these structurally novel and highly promising clinical antitumor candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - André P Dieskau
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Brad M Loertscher
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Mary C Walton
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010
| | - Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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