51
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Iron depletion is a novel therapeutic strategy to target cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98405-98416. [PMID: 29228699 PMCID: PMC5716739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate iron levels are essential for human health. However, iron overload can act as catalyst for the formation of free radicals, which may cause cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which maintain the hallmark stem cell characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation capacity, have been proposed as a driving force of tumorigenesis and metastases. In the present study, we investigated the role of iron in the proliferation and stemness of CSCs, using the miPS-LLCcm cell model. Although the anti-cancer agents fluorouracil and cisplatin suppressed the proliferation of miPS-LLCcm cells, these drugs did not alter the expression of stemness markers, including Nanog, SOX2, c-Myc, Oct3/4 and Klf4. In contrast, iron depletion by the iron chelators deferasirox and deferoxamine suppressed the proliferation of miPS-LLCcm cells and the expression of stemness markers. In an allograft model, deferasirox inhibited the growth of miPS-LLCcm implants, which was associated with decreased expression of Nanog and Sox2. Altogether, iron appears to be crucial for the proliferation and maintenance of stemness of CSCs, and iron depletion may be a novel therapeutic strategy to target CSCs.
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52
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Kiyuna T, Murakami T, Tome Y, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Miyake K, Kanaya F, Singh A, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Analysis of Stroma Labeling During Multiple Passage of a Sarcoma Imageable Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (iPDOX) in Red Fluorescent Protein Transgenic Nude Mice. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3367-3371. [PMID: 28300287 PMCID: PMC5550328 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) was previously established that acquired red fluorescent protein (RFP)-expressing stroma by growth in an RFP transgenic nude mouse. In the present study, an imageable PDOX model (iPDOX) of UPS was established by orthotopic implantation in the biceps femoris of transgenic RFP nude mice. After the tumors grew to a diameter of 10 mm, they were harvested and the brightest portion of the tumors were subsequently orthotopically transplanted to both RFP and non-colored nude mice. The UPS PDOX tumor was again transplanted to RFP transgenic and non-colored nude mice, and finally a 3rd passage was made in the same manner. Five UPS tumors from each passage in both RFP and non-colored mouse models were harvested. The FV1,000 confocal microscope was used to visualize and quantitate the RFP area of the resected tumors. The average percent fluorescent area in the first passage of RFP mice was 34 ± 22%; in the second passage, 34 ± 20%; and 36 ± 11% in the third passage of RFP transgenic nude mice. The average tumor RFP area in the first passage from RFP mice to non-colored mice was 20 ± 7%; in the second passage, 28 ± 11%; in the third passage was 27 ± 13%. The present results demonstrate the extensive and stable acquisition of stroma by the UPS-tumor growing orthotopically in transgenic RFP nude mice (iPDOX). This model can be used for screening for effective drugs for individual patients and drug discovery. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3367-3371, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
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53
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Miyake K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Li Y, Singh AS, Dry SM, Eckardt MA, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Eribulin regresses a doxorubicin‐resistant Ewing's sarcoma with a
FUS‐ERG
fusion and
CDKN2A‐
deletion in a patient‐derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:967-972. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Mark A. Eckardt
- Department of SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical OncologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc.San DiegoCalifornia
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
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54
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The combination of temozolomide-irinotecan regresses a doxorubicin-resistant patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of recurrent Ewing's sarcoma with a FUS-ERG fusion and CDKN2A deletion: Direction for third-line patient therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103129-103136. [PMID: 29262551 PMCID: PMC5732717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the usefulness of a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of a doxorubicin-resistant metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma, with a unique combination of a FUS-ERG fusion and CDKN2A deletion, to identify effective drugs for third-line chemotherapy of the patient. Our previous study showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitors were effective on the Ewing’s sarcoma PDOX, but not doxorubicin, similar to the patient’s resistance to doxorubicin. The results of the previous PDOX study were successfully used for second-line therapy of the patiend. In the present study, the PDOX mice established with the Ewing’s sarcoma in the right chest wall were randomized into 5 groups when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: untreated control; gemcitabine combined with docetaxel (intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); irinotecan combined with temozolomide (irinotecan: i.p. injection; temozolomide: oral administration, daily, for 2 weeks); pazopanib (oral administration, daily, for 2 weeks); yondelis (intravenous injection, weekly, for 2 weeks). All mice were sacrificed on day 15. Body weight and tumor volume were assessed 2 times per week. Tumor weight was measured after sacrifice. Irinotecan combined with temozolomide was the most effective regimen compared to the untreated control group (p=0.022). Gemcitabine combined with docetaxel was also effective (p=0.026). Pazopanib and yondelis did not have significant efficacy compared to the untreated control (p=0.130, p=0.818). These results could be obtained within two months after the physician’s request and were used for third-line therapy of the patient.
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55
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Hoffman RM. Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Models of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091875. [PMID: 28858204 PMCID: PMC5618524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a recalcitrant tumor. Although “targeted” and immune therapies have been highly touted, only relatively few patients have had durable responses. To overcome this problem, our laboratory has established the melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model with the use of surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). Promising results have been obtained with regard to identifying effective approved agents and experimental therapeutics, as well as combinations of the two using the melanoma PDOX model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103-8220, USA.
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56
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Combination treatment with recombinant methioninase enables temozolomide to arrest a BRAF V600E melanoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85516-85525. [PMID: 29156737 PMCID: PMC5689627 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive requirement for methionine termed methionine dependence, appears to be a general metabolic defect in cancer. We have previously shown that cancer-cell growth can be selectively arrested by methionine deprivation such as with recombinant methioninase (rMETase). The present study used a previously-established patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of BRAF V600E-mutant melanoma to determine the efficacy of rMETase in combination with a first-line melanoma drug, temozolomide (TEM). In the present study 40 melanoma PDOX mouse models were randomized into four groups of 10 mice each: untreated control (n=10); TEM (25 mg/kg, oral 14 consecutive days, n=10); rMETase (100 units, intraperitoneal 14 consecutive days, n=10); combination TEM + rMETase (TEM: 25 mg/kg, oral rMETase: 100 units, intraperitoneal 14 consecutive days, n=10). All treatments inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control (TEM: p=0.0081, rMETase: p=0.0037, TEM-rMETase: p=0.0024) on day 14 after initiation. However, the combination therapy of TEM and rMETase was significantly more efficacious than either mono-therapy (TEM: p=0.0051, rMETase: p=0.0051). The present study is the first demonstrating the efficacy of rMETase combination therapy in a PDOX model, suggesting potential clinical development, especially in recalcitrant cancers such as melanoma, where rMETase may enhance first-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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57
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Igarashi K, Murakami T, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Zhang Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Yanagawa J, Russell TA, Singh AS, Tsuchiya H, Elliott I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. A patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of a cisplatinum-resistant osteosarcoma lung metastasis that was sensitive to temozolomide and trabectedin: implications for precision oncology. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62111-62119. [PMID: 28977930 PMCID: PMC5617490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of trabectedin (TRAB) and temozolomide (TEM) compared to cisplatinum (CDDP) on a patient-derived orthotopic xenogrraft (PDOX) of a lung-metastasis from an osteosarcoma of a patient who failed CDDP therapy. Osteosarcoma resected from the patient was implanted orthotopically in the distal femur of mice to establish PDOX models which were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3: G1, control without treatment; G2, CDDP (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, TRAB (0.15 mg/kg, intravenous injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G4, TEM (25 mg/kg, oral, daily, for 14 days). Tumor size and body weight were measured with calipers and a digital balance, respectively, twice a week. On day 14 after initiation of treatment, TEM and TRAB, but not CDDP, significantly inhibited tumor volume compared to untreated control: control (G1): 814.5±258.8 mm3; CDDP (G2): 608.6±126.9 mm3; TRAB (G3): 286.6±133.0 mm3; TEM (G4): 182.9±69.1 mm3. CDDP vs. control, p=0.07; TRAB vs. control, p=0.0004; TEM vs. control p =0.0002; TRAB vs. CDDP, p =0.0002; TEM vs. CDDP, p =0.00003. The results of the present study show that a PDOX model of an osteosarcoma lung-metastasis that recurred after adjuvant CDDP-treatment has identified potentially, highly-effective drugs for this recalcitrant disease, while accurately maintaining the CDDP resistance of the tumor in the patient, thereby demonstrating the potential of the osteosarcoma PDOX model for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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58
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh AS, Miwa S, Odani A, Eilber FC, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. A novel anionic-phosphate-platinum complex effectively targets an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma better than cisplatinum and doxorubicin in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX). Oncotarget 2017; 8:63353-63359. [PMID: 28968995 PMCID: PMC5609927 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A patient high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic soft-tissue sarcoma (UPS) from a striated muscle was previously orthotopically implanted in the right biceps femoris muscle of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. In the present study, two weeks after orthotopic transplantation of the UPS, mice were treated intraperitoneally with cisplatinum (CDDP), doxorubicin (DOX) or a novel anionic-phosphate-platinum compound 3Pt. Treatments were repeated weekly for a total of 3 times. Six weeks after transplantation, all mice were sacrificed and evaluated. After two weeks treatment, tumor sizes were as follows: control (G1): 2208.3 mm3; CDDP (G2): 841.8±3 mm3, p=0.0001; DOX (G3): 693.1±3 mm3, p=6.56E-7; 3Pt (G4): 333.7±1 mm3, p=4.8E-8. 3Pt showed significantly more efficacy compared to other therapy drugs tested: CDDP (p=0.0002), DOX (p=0.001). There were no animal deaths in any of the four groups. The present results suggest 3Pt is a promising new candidate for UPS since it was demonstrated to be effective in a PDOX model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akira Odani
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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59
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Wang J, Sun Z, Liu Y, Kong L, Zhou S, Tang J, Xing HR. Comparison of tumor biology of two distinct cell sub-populations in lung cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96852-96864. [PMID: 29228576 PMCID: PMC5722528 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the stem-like properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain indirect and qualitative, especially the ability of CSCs to undergo asymmetric cell division for self renewal and differentiation, a unique property of cells of stem origin. It is partly due to the lack of stable cellular models of CSCs. In this study, we developed a new approach for CSC isolation and purification to derive a CSC-enriched cell line (LLC-SE). By conducting five consecutive rounds of single cell cloning using the LLC-SE cell line, we obtained two distinct sub-population of cells within the Lewis lung cancer CSCs that employed largely symmetric division for self-renewal (LLC-SD) or underwent asymmetric division for differentiation (LLC-ASD). LLC-SD and LLC-ASD cell lines could be stably passaged in culture and be distinguished by cell morphology, stem cell marker, spheroid formation and subcutaneous tumor initiation efficiency, as well as orthotopic lung tumor growth, progression and survival. The ability LLC-ASD cells to undergo asymmetric division was visualized and quantified by the asymmetric segregation of labeled BrdU and NUMB to one of the two daughter cells in anaphase cell division. The more stem-like LLC-SD cells exhibited higher capacity for tumorigenesis and progression and shorter survival. As few as 10 LLC-SD could initiate subcutaneous tumor growth when transplanted to the athymic mice. Collectively, these observations suggest that the SD-type of cells appear to be on the top of the hierarchical order of the CSCs. Furthermore, they have lead to generated cellular models of CSC self-renewal for future mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chong Qing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chong Qing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongli Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chong Qing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangsheng Kong
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chong Qing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixia Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chong Qing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlin Tang
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chong Qing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Rosie Xing
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chong Qing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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60
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Russell TA, Singh AS, Chmielowski B, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel regresses both gastric leiomyosarcoma proliferation and invasion in an imageable patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (iPDOX) model. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1063-1069. [PMID: 28426279 PMCID: PMC5499841 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1314406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric leiomyosarcoma is a recalcitrant cancer and the chemotherapy strategy is controversial. The present study used a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of gastric leiomyosarcoma to identify an effective therapeutic regimen to develop individualized precision medicine for this disease. The gastric leiomyosarcoma obtained from a patient was first grown in transgenic nude mice ubiquitously expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) to stably label the tumor stroma. The RFP-expressing tumor was then passaged orthotopically in the gastric wall of non-transgenic nude mice to establish an imageable PDOX (iPDOX) model. The bright fluorescent tumor was readily imaged over time to determine drug efficacy. Four weeks after implantation, 70 PDOX nude mice were divided into 7 groups: control without treatment (n = 10); doxorubicin (DOX) (2.4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.), once a week for 2 weeks, n = 10); gemcitabine (GEM)/ docetaxel (DOC) (GEM: 100 mg/kg, DOC: 20 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 10); cyclophosphamide (CPA) (140 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 10); temozolomide (TEM) (25 mg/kg, orally, daily for 14 consecutive days, n = 10); yondelis (YON) (0.15 mg/kg, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 10); pazopanib (PAZ) (100 mg/kg, orally, daily for 14 consecutive days, n = 10). On day 14 from initiation of treatment, all treatments except PAZ significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with untreated control (DOX: p < 0.01, GEM/DOC: p < 0.01, CPA: p < 0.01, TEM: p < 0.01, YON: p < 0.01) on day 14 after initiation. In addition, only GEM/DOC was more significantly effective than DOX (p < 0.05). GEM/DOC could regress the leimyosarcoma in the PDOX model and has important clinical potential for precision individual treatment of leiomyosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A. Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- PDOX Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- PDOX Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- PDOX Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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61
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Kawaguchi T, Foster BA, Young J, Takabe K. Current Update of Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Translational Breast Cancer Research. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2017; 22:131-139. [PMID: 28451789 PMCID: PMC5511343 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-017-9378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of patients with breast cancer (BrCa), BrCa remains the third leading cause of cancer death for women in the US due to intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy. Continued understanding of gene expression profiling and genomic sequencing has clarified underlying intratumoral molecular heterogeneity. Recently, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have emerged as a novel tool to address the issues of BrCa genomics and tumor heterogeneity, and to critically transform translational BrCa research in the preclinical setting. PDX models are generated by xenografting cancer tissue fragments obtained from patients to immune deficient mice, and can be passaged into next generations of mice. Generally, in contrast to conventional xenograft using cancer cell lines, PDXs are biologically more stable and recapitulate the individual tumor morphology, gene expression, and drug susceptibility of each patient. PDX may better model the original patient's tumor by retaining tumor heterogeneity, gene expression, and similar response to treatment. PDX models are thus thought to be more translationally relevant, especially as a drug development tool, because PDXs can capture the genetic character and heterogeneity that exists within a single patient's tumor and across a population of patients' tumors. PDX models also hold enormous potential for identifying predictive markers for therapeutic response. It has been repeatedly shown that PDX models demonstrate similar levels of activity as compared to the clinical response to therapeutic interventions. Therefore, this enables identification of therapeutic interventions that can most likely benefit a patient. This allows us to address the issues of BrCa genomics and tumor heterogeneity using PDXs in "pre-clinical" trials. Herein, we reviewed recent scientific development and future perspectives using PDX models in BrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kawaguchi
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jessica Young
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Current status and perspectives of patient-derived xenograft models in cancer research. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:106. [PMID: 28499452 PMCID: PMC5427553 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers remain a major public health problem worldwide, which still require profound research in both the basic and preclinical fields. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are created when cancerous cells or tissues from patients' primary tumors are implanted into immunodeficient mice to simulate human tumor biology in vivo, which have been extensively used in cancer research. The routes of implantation appeared to affect the outcome of PDX research, and there has been increasing applications of patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models. In this review, we firstly summarize the methodology to establish PDX models and then go over recent application and function of PDX models in basic cancer research on the areas of cancer characterization, initiation, proliferation, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment and in preclinical explorations of anti-cancer targets, drugs, and therapeutic strategies and finally give our perspectives on the future prospects of PDX models.
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Yanagawa J, Russell TA, Singh AS, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Intra-arterial administration of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R regresses a cisplatin-resistant relapsed osteosarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1164-1170. [PMID: 28494180 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1317417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model was established with a lung metastasis from an osteosarcoma patient which developed after adjuvant cisplatinum (CDDP) treatment. In this model, we previously demonstrated the efficacy of trabectedin (TRAB) and temozolomide (TEM) compared with CDDP. In the present report, osteosarcoma tissue was implanted orthotopically in the distal femur of mice which were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3; On day 14 after initiation of treatment, all but CDDP significantly inhibited tumor volume growth compared with untreated controls. Control (G1): 793.7 ± 215.0 mm3; CDDP (G2): 588.1 ± 176.9 mm3; Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) intravenous (i.v.) (G3): 269.7 ± 72.7 mm3; S. typhimurium A1-R intra-arterial (i.a.) (G4): 70.2 ± 18.9 mm3 (CDDP: p = 0.056; S. typhimurium A1-R i.v.: p = 0.0001; S. typhimurium A1-R i.a.: p = 0.00003, all vs. untreated controls). i.a. administration of S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than either CDDP (p = 0.00007), or i.v. administration of S. typhimurium A1-R (p = 0.00007) and significantly regressed the tumor volume compared with day 0 (p = 0.001). The new model of i.a. administration of S. typhimurium A1-R has great promise for the treatment of recalcitrant osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- d Department of Pathology , University of California Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- d Department of Pathology , University of California Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- d Department of Pathology , University of California Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- f Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- e Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Singh AS, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. High Efficacy of Pazopanib on an Undifferentiated Spindle-Cell Sarcoma Resistant to First-Line Therapy Is Identified With a Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Nude Mouse Model. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2739-2743. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Department of Pathology; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of Pathology; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology; University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc.; San Diego California
- Department of Surgery; University of California; San Diego California
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Chmielowski B, Kiyuna T, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-Targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R Sensitizes Melanoma With a BRAF-V600E Mutation to Vemurafenib in a Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Nude Mouse Model. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2314-2319. [PMID: 28106277 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previously, a BRAF-V600E-mutant melanoma obtained from the right chest wall of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. Trametinib (TRA), an MEK inhibitor, caused tumor regression. In contrast, another MEK inhibitor, cobimetinib (COB) could slow but not arrest growth or cause regression of the melanoma PDOX. First-line therapy temozolomide (TEM) could slow but not arrest tumor growth or cause regression. In addition, vemurafenib (VEM) was not effective even though VEM is supposed to target the BRAF-V600E mutation. We also previously demonstrated that tumor-targeting with S. typhimurium A1-R combined with TEM was significantly more effective than either S. typhimurium A1-R alone or TEM alone on the melanoma PDOX with the BRAF-V600E mutation. The present study used this PDOX model of melanoma to test its sensitivity to VEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R compared to VEM alone and VEM combined with COB. VEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than VEM alone or VEM combined with COB (P = 0.0216) which is currently first line therapy for advanced melanoma with a BRAF-V600E mutation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2314-2319, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,PDOX Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,PDOX Inc., San Diego, California
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66
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Temozolomide combined with irinotecan caused regression in an adult pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75874-75880. [PMID: 29100276 PMCID: PMC5652670 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare and recalcitrant, highly-malignant mesenchymal tumor in need of improved therapeutic strategies. Our laboratory pioneered the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model with the technique of surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). We previously described the development of a PDOX model of adult pleomorphic RMS where the tumor behaved similar to the patient donor. A high-grade pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma from a striated muscle was previously grown orthotopically in the right biceps-femoris muscle of nude mice to establish the PDOX model. In the present study, the PDOX models were randomized into the following treatment groups when tumor volume reached 100 mm3: G1, control without treatment; G2, cyclophosphamide (CPA) 140 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 3 weeks; G3, temozolomide (TEM), 25 mg/kg, per oral (p.o.), daily, for 21 days; G4, temozolomide (TEM) 25 mg/kg, p.o., daily, for 21 days combined with irinotecan (IRN), 4 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 21 days. After 3 weeks, treatment of PDOX with TEM combined with IRN was so powerful that it resulted in tumor regression and the smallest tumor volume compared to other groups. The RMS PDOX model should be of use to design the treatment program for the patient and for drug discovery and evaluation for this recalcitrant tumor type.
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67
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Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Singh AS, Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Miyake K, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, DeLong JC, Lwin TM, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Bouvet M, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. The irony of highly-effective bacterial therapy of a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of Ewing's sarcoma, which was blocked by Ewing himself 80 years ago. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1046-1052. [PMID: 28296559 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1304340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
William B. Coley developed bacterial therapy of cancer more than 100 years ago and had clinical success. James Ewing, a very famous cancer pathologist for whom the Ewing sarcoma is named, was Coley's boss at Memorial Hospital in New York and terminated Coley's bacterial therapy of cancer. A tumor from a patient with soft-tissue Ewing's sarcoma, who failed doxorubicin (DOX) therapy, was previously implanted in nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. In the present study, the Ewing's sarcoma PDOX was treated with tumor-targeting S. typhimurium A1-R expressing green fluorescent (GFP), alone and in combination with DOX. S. typhimurium A1-R-GFP was detected in the tumors after intratumor (i.t.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection. The combination of S. typhimurium A1-R and DOX significantly reduced tumor weight (37.8 ± 15.6 mg) compared to the untreated control (73.8 ± 10.1 mg, P < 0.01). S. typhimurium A1-R monotherapy-treated tumors tended to be smaller (50.9 ± 17.8 mg, P = 0.051). DOX monotherapy did not show efficacy (66.3 ± 26.4 mg, P = 0.82), as was the case with the patient. The PDOX model faithfully replicated the DOX resistance the Ewing's sarcoma had in the patient. S. typhimurium A1-R converted the Ewing's sarcoma from DOX resistant to sensitive. One can only wonder how bacterial therapy and immunotherapy of cancer would have developed over the past 80 years if Ewing did not stop Coley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Arun S Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yong Zhang
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Jonathan C DeLong
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Chishima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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68
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Kiyuna T, Murakami T, Tome Y, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Russell T, Eckardt MA, Crompton J, Singh A, Bernthal N, Bukata S, Federman N, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Labeling the Stroma of a Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Mouse Model of Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Soft-Tissue Sarcoma With Red Fluorescent Protein for Rapid Non-Invasive Imaging for Drug Screening. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:361-365. [PMID: 27357060 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory pioneered patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models using surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). PDOX models are patient-like, in contrast to the ectopic subcutaneous-transplant cancer models. In the present study, we demonstrate that an undifferentiated pleomorphic soft-tissue sarcoma (UPS-STS) PDOX model acquired bright RFP-expressing stroma through one passage in red fluorescent protein (RFP) transgenic mice, which upon passage to non-colored nude mice was non-invasively imageable. A PDOX nude mouse model of UPS-STS was established in the biceps femoris of nude mice. After the tumors grew to a diameter of 10 mm, the tumors were subsequently passaged to RFP transgenic mice, and after tumor growth were then passaged to non-transgenic nude mice. Tumors were divided into small fragments and transplanted in the biceps femoris at each passage. The OV100 Small Animal Fluorescence Imaging System and FV1000 laser scanning confocal microscope were used to image RFP fluorescence in the UPS-STS PDOX models. UPS-STS PDOX tumors, previously grown in RFP transgenic nude mice for only one passage, had very bright fluorescence and after passage to non-transgenic nude mice maintained the bright fluorescence and were non-invasively imageable. FV1000 confocal imaging revealed diffusely distributed bright RFP stromal cells in the PDOX tumor, both in RFP transgenic mice and after passage to non-transgenic mice. These results demonstrate a powerful method to make the PDOX UPS-STS model brightly fluorescent for non-invasive imaging, as well as for confocal microscopy of individual stromal cells associated with the tumor. The RFP-labeled UPS PDOX has the potential to rapidly screen for novel effective agents for individual patients, including stroma-targeting drugs, whereby the stromal cells are a visual target. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 361-365, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Tara Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Veterans Affairs Los Angeles Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph Crompton
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicholas Bernthal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan Bukata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Noah Federman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
- PDOX Inc., San Diego, California
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69
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Murakami T, Murata T, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Hwang HK, Hiroshima Y, Hozumi C, Komatsu S, Kikuchi T, Lwin TM, Delong JC, Miyake K, Zhang Y, Tanaka K, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Cervical Cancer Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Is Sensitive to Cisplatinum and Resistant to Nab-paclitaxel. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:61-65. [PMID: 28011474 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a world-wide problem that requires transformative therapeutic strategies. We have previously developed patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse models of this disease. In the present report, we demonstrate that the standard drug, cisplatinum (CDDP), is highly-effective while the new, highly-touted agent, nab-paclitaxel (NAB-PTX) is ineffective. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cervical PDOX tumors were grown on the cervix of nude mice for 4 weeks after surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). Tumors were treated with CDDP or NAB-PTX. RESULTS H&E staining demonstrated that the PDOX tumor recapitulated the original patient tumor. CDDP was highly-effective. One tumor that was treated with CDDP completely regressed. CDDP-treated tumors were smaller (tumor volume ratio: 0.42±0.36) than the control group (tumor volume ratio: 3.47±1.66) (p<0.01). In contrast, NAB-PTX did not show significant efficacy on the cervical cancer PDOX model (tumor volume ratio: 2.85±1.45) (p=0.47). CDDP-treated tumor weight (50±50 mg) was significantly less than control (238±114 mg) (p<0.01). NAB-PTX-treated tumors were not reduced in weight (246±136 mg) compared to control (p=0.91). There were no significant differences in mouse body weight between groups. Histological evaluation demonstrated that CDDP-treated tumors were fibrotic with scattered squamous cell nests compared to control or NAB-PTX-treated tumors. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrate the power of PDOX models of cervical cancer to distinguish efficacy of potential therapeutics for individual patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Thinzar M Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan C Delong
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Itaru Endo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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70
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Morgan KM, Riedlinger GM, Rosenfeld J, Ganesan S, Pine SR. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Potential Utility in Personalized Medicine. Front Oncol 2017; 7:2. [PMID: 28154808 PMCID: PMC5243815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional preclinical studies of cancer therapeutics have relied on the use of established human cell lines that have been adapted to grow in the laboratory and, therefore, may deviate from the cancer they were meant to represent. With the emphasis of cancer drug development shifting from non-specific cytotoxic agents to rationally designed molecularly targeted therapies or immunotherapy comes the need for better models with predictive value regarding therapeutic activity and response in clinical trials. Recently, the diversity and accessibility of immunodeficient mouse strains has greatly enhanced the production and utility of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models for many tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combined with next-generation sequencing, NSCLC PDX mouse models offer an exciting tool for drug development and for studying targeted therapies while utilizing patient samples with the hope of eventually aiding in clinical decision-making. Here, we describe NSCLC PDX mouse models generated by us and others, their ability to reflect the parental tumors’ histomorphological characteristics, as well as the effect of clonal selection and evolution on maintaining genomic integrity in low-passage PDXs compared to the donor tissue. We also raise vital questions regarding the practical utility of PDX and humanized PDX models in predicting patient response to therapy and make recommendations for addressing those questions. Once collaborations and standardized xenotransplantation and data management methods are established, NSCLC PDX mouse models have the potential to be universal and invaluable as a preclinical tool that guides clinical trials and standard therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Morgan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory M Riedlinger
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rosenfeld
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sharon R Pine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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71
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Murakami T, Miwa S, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh A, Kimura H, Hayashi K, Yamamoto N, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of adult rhabdomyosarcoma invades and recurs after resection in contrast to the subcutaneous ectopic model. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:91-94. [PMID: 27830986 PMCID: PMC5270546 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1252885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare mesenchymal tumor. The aim of the present study was to develop a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of RMS and compare the PDOX model to a subcutaneous (s.c.)-transplant model. A patient RMS from a striated muscle was grown orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle and right quadriceps muscle of nude mice to establish a PDOX model, as well as under the skin to establish an s.c. MODEL PDOX tumors grew at a statistically-significant faster rate compared to the s.c. tumors. Recurrence after surgical resection occurred only in PDOX tumors, not in the s.c. MODEL Histologically, only the PDOX model was shown to be invasive. In conclusion, these results indicate that the PDOX model of adult RMS is malignant and the subcutaneous model is benign. These results emphasize that a proper tumor microenvironment is necessary for patient-like behavior of a tumor in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
- c Department of orthopedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japa
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Shinji Miwa
- c Department of orthopedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japa
| | - Scott D Nelson
- d Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- d Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- d Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun Singh
- e Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- c Department of orthopedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japa
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- c Department of orthopedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japa
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- c Department of orthopedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japa
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- c Department of orthopedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japa
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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72
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Price DN, McBride AA, Anton M, Kusewitt DF, Norenberg JP, MacKenzie DA, Thompson TA, Muttil P. Longitudinal Assessment of Lung Cancer Progression in Mice Using the Sodium Iodide Symporter Reporter Gene and SPECT/CT Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169107. [PMID: 28036366 PMCID: PMC5201271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate of any tissue-specific cancer in both men and women. Research continues to investigate novel drugs and therapies to mitigate poor treatment efficacy, but the lack of a good descriptive lung cancer animal model for preclinical drug evaluation remains an obstacle. Here we describe the development of an orthotopic lung cancer animal model which utilizes the human sodium iodide symporter gene (hNIS; SLC5A5) as an imaging reporter gene for the purpose of non-invasive, longitudinal tumor quantification. hNIS is a glycoprotein that naturally transports iodide (I-) into thyroid cells and has the ability to symport the radiotracer 99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTcO4-). A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells were genetically modified with plasmid or lentiviral vectors to express hNIS. Modified cells were implanted into athymic nude mice to develop two tumor models: a subcutaneous and an orthotopic xenograft tumor model. Tumor progression was longitudinally imaged using SPECT/CT and quantified by SPECT voxel analysis. hNIS expression in lung tumors was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, hematoxylin and eosin staining and visual inspection of pulmonary tumors was performed. We observed that lentiviral transduction provided enhanced and stable hNIS expression in A549 cells. Furthermore, 99mTcO4- uptake and accumulation was observed within lung tumors allowing for imaging and quantification of tumor mass at two-time points. This study illustrates the development of an orthotopic lung cancer model that can be longitudinally imaged throughout the experimental timeline thus avoiding inter-animal variability and leading to a reduction in total animal numbers. Furthermore, our orthotopic lung cancer animal model is clinically relevant and the genetic modification of cells for SPECT/CT imaging can be translated to other tissue-specific tumor animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique N. Price
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Amber A. McBride
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Martina Anton
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Donna F. Kusewitt
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P. Norenberg
- New Mexico Center for Isotopes in Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Debra A. MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Pavan Muttil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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73
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Nakamura Y, Ohler ZW, Householder D, Nagaya T, Sato K, Okuyama S, Ogata F, Daar D, Hoa T, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Spontaneous Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-expressing Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 16:408-414. [PMID: 28151706 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new cancer treatment that combines the specificity of antibodies for targeting tumors with the toxicity induced by a sensitive photoabsorber following exposure to NIR light. Most studies of NIR-PIT have been performed in xenograft models of cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of NIR-PIT in a transgenic model of spontaneous lung cancer expressing human EGFR (hEGFR-TL). Mice were separated into 3 groups for the following treatments: (1) no treatment (control); (2) 150 μg of photoabsorber, IR700, conjugated to panitumumab, an antibody targeting EGFR [antibody-photoabsorber conjugate (APC)] intravenously (i.v.) only; (3) 150 μg of APC i.v. with NIR light administration. Each treatment was performed every week up to three weeks. MRI was performed 1 day before and 3, 6, 13, 20, 27, and 34 days after first NIR-PIT. The relative volume of lung tumors was calculated from the tumor volume at each MRI time point divided by the initial volume. Steel test for multiple comparisons was used to compare the tumor volume ratio with that of control. Tumor volume ratio was inhibited significantly in the NIR-PIT group compared with control group (P < 0.01 at all time points). In conclusion, NIR-PIT effectively treated a spontaneous lung cancer in a hEGFR-TL transgenic mouse model. MRI successfully monitored the therapeutic effects of NIR-PIT. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 408-14. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakamura
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zoe Weaver Ohler
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Deborah Householder
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kazuhide Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shuhei Okuyama
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fusa Ogata
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dagane Daar
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tieu Hoa
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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74
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Chang JS, Su CY, Yu WH, Lee WJ, Liu YP, Lai TC, Jan YH, Yang YF, Shen CN, Shew JY, Lu J, Yang CJ, Huang MS, Lu PJ, Lin YF, Kuo ML, Hua KT, Hsiao M. GIT1 promotes lung cancer cell metastasis through modulating Rac1/Cdc42 activity and is associated with poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36278-91. [PMID: 26462147 PMCID: PMC4742177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 1 (GIT1) is participated in cell movement activation, which is a fundamental process during tissue development and cancer progression. GIT1/PIX forming a functional protein complex that contributes to Rac1/Cdc42 activation, resulting in increasing cell mobility. Although the importance of Rac1/Cdc42 activation is well documented in cancer aggressiveness, the clinical importance of GIT1 remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the clinical significance of GIT1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and also verified the importance of GIT1-Rac1/Cdc42 axis in stimulating NSCLC cell mobility. The result indicated higher GIT1 expression patients had significantly poorer prognoses in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with lower GIT1 expression patients. Higher GIT1 expression was an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis and associated with migration/invasion of NSCLC cells in transwell assay. In vivo studies indicated that GIT1 promotes metastasis of NSCLC cells. Finally, GIT1 was found to stimulate migration/invasion by altering the activity of Rac1/Cdc42 in NSCLC cells. Together, the GIT1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. GIT1 is critical for the invasiveness of NSCLC cells through stimulating the activity of Rac1/Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Shou Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Yang
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuh Shew
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Lu
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University College of Life Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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75
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Oh DY, Kim S, Choi YL, Cho YJ, Oh E, Choi JJ, Jung K, Song JY, Ahn SE, Kim BG, Bae DS, Park WY, Lee JW, Song S. HER2 as a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36219-30. [PMID: 26435481 PMCID: PMC4742172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery and radiation are the current standard treatments for cervical cancer. However, there is no effective therapy for metastatic or recurrent cases, necessitating the identification of therapeutic targets. In order to create preclinical models for screening potential therapeutic targets, we established 14 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of cervical cancers using subrenal implantation methods. Serially passaged PDX tumors retained the histopathologic and genomic features of the original tumors. Among the 9 molecularly profiled cervical cancer patient samples, a HER2-amplified tumor was detected by array comparative genomic hybridization and targeted next-generation sequencing. We confirmed HER2 overexpression in the tumor and serially passaged PDX. Co-administration of trastuzumab and lapatinib in the HER2-overexpressed PDX significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to the control. Thus, we established histopathologically and genomically homologous PDX models of cervical cancer using subrenal implantation. Furthermore, we propose HER2 inhibitor-based therapy for HER2-amplified cervical cancer refractory to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Yi Oh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokhwi Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jae Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ensel Oh
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Jung
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Song
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suzie E Ahn
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangyong Song
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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76
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Zhang Y, Toneri M, Ma H, Yang Z, Bouvet M, Goto Y, Seki N, Hoffman RM. Real-Time GFP Intravital Imaging of the Differences in Cellular and Angiogenic Behavior of Subcutaneous and Orthotopic Nude-Mouse Models of Human PC-3 Prostate Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2546-51. [PMID: 27012365 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are two major types of mouse xenograft models of cancer: subcutaneous implantation and orthotopic implantation. Subcutaneous transplant models are widely used with both cancer cell lines and human-tumor specimens. Recently, subcutaneous models of patient tumors, termed patient-derived xenographs (PDX) have become highly popular and have acquired such names as "Avatar" and "Xenopatients." However, such s.c. models rarely metastasize and are therefore not patient-like. In contrast, orthotopic models have the capability to metastasize. If intact fragments of tumor tissue are implanted by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI), the metastatic potential can match that of the donor patient. The present study images in real time, using green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, the very different tumor behavior at the orthotopic and subcutaneous sites of human prostate cancer PC-3 in athymic nude mice. By day-2 after tumor implantation, the orthotopic tumor is already highly vascularized and the cancer cells have begun to migrate out of the tumor. In contrast, the subcutaneous tumor only begins to be vascularized by day-3 and cells do not migrate from the tumor. Angiogenesis is much more extensive in the orthotopic tumor throughout the 2-week observation period. The orthotopic PC-3-GFP tumor progresses very rapidly and distinct metastasis have appeared in lymph nodes by day-3 which rapidly appear in many areas of the abdominal cavity including portal lymph nodes by day-7. At day-14, no invasion or metastasis was observed with the s.c. tumor even when the animal was extensively explored. These results explain why orthotopic tumors mimimc clinical metastatic tumors in nude mice and why subcutaneous tumors do not. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2546-2551, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Makoto Toneri
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Huaiyu Ma
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, California.
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
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Yamamoto M, Zhao M, Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Shurell E, Eilber FC, Bouvet M, Noda M, Hoffman RM. Efficacy of Tumor-Targeting Salmonella A1-R on a Melanoma Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Nude-Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160882. [PMID: 27500926 PMCID: PMC4976963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium A1-R (Salmonella A1-R) had strong efficacy on a melanoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. GFP-expressing Salmonella A1-R highly and selectively colonized the PDOX melanoma and significantly suppressed tumor growth (p = 0.021). The combination of Salmonella A1-R and cisplatinum (CDDP), both at low-dose, also significantly suppressed the growth of the melanoma PDOX (P = 0.001). Salmonella A1-R has future clinical potential for combination chemotherapy with CDDP of melanoma, a highly-recalcitrant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mako Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Shurell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Makoto Noda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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78
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Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Murakami T, Maawy A, Miwa S, Yamamoto M, Yano S, Sato S, Momiyama M, Mori R, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Ichikawa Y, Bouvet M, Endo I, Zhao M, Hoffman RM. Efficacy of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in combination with anti-angiogenesis therapy on a pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) and cell line mouse models. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12346-57. [PMID: 25402324 PMCID: PMC4322966 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R treatment following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy on VEGF-positive human pancreatic cancer. A pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) that was VEGF-positive and an orthotopic VEGF-positive human pancreatic cancer cell line (MiaPaCa-2-GFP) as well as a VEGF-negative cell line (Panc-1) were tested. Nude mice with these tumors were treated with gemcitabine (GEM), bevacizumab (BEV), and S. typhimurium A1-R. BEV/GEM followed by S. typhimurium A1-R significantly reduced tumor weight compared to BEV/GEM treatment alone in the PDOX and MiaPaCa-2 models. Neither treatment was as effective in the VEGF-negative model as in the VEGF-positive models. These results demonstrate that S. typhimurium A1-R following anti-angiogenic therapy is effective on pancreatic cancer including the PDOX model, suggesting its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Murakami
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ali Maawy
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shinji Miwa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shuya Yano
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sho Sato
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mori
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Yano S, Zhang Y, Miwa S, Kishimoto H, Urata Y, Bouvet M, Kagawa S, Fujiwara T, Hoffman RM. Precise navigation surgery of tumours in the lung in mouse models enabled by in situ fluorescence labelling with a killer-reporter adenovirus. BMJ Open Respir Res 2015; 2:e000096. [PMID: 26380093 PMCID: PMC4567685 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2015-000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current methods of image-guided surgery of tumours of the lung mostly rely on CT. A sensitive procedure of selective tumour fluorescence labelling would allow simple and high-resolution visualisation of the tumour for precise surgical navigation. Methods Human lung cancer cell lines H460 and A549 were genetically transformed to express red fluorescent protein (RFP). Tumours were grown subcutaneously for each cell line and harvested and minced for surgical orthotopic implantation on the left lung of nude mice. Tumour growth was measured by fluorescence imaging. After the tumours reached 5 mm in diameter, they were injected under fluorescence guidance with the telomerase-dependent green fluorescent protein (GFP)-containing adenovirus, OBP-401. Viral labelling of the lung tumours with GFP precisely colocalised with tumour RFP expression. Three days after administration of OBP-401, fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) was performed. Results FGS of tumours in the lung was enabled by labelling with a telomerase-dependent adenovirus containing the GFP gene. Tumours in the lung were selectively and brightly labelled. FGS enabled complete lung tumour resection with no residual fluorescent tumour. Conclusions FGS of tumours in the lung is feasible and more effective than bright-light surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Yano
- AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego, California , USA ; Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego, California , USA ; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego, California , USA
| | - Shinji Miwa
- AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego, California , USA ; Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego, California , USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | | | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego, California , USA
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego, California , USA ; Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego, California , USA
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Hoffman RM. Patient-derived orthotopic xenografts: better mimic of metastasis than subcutaneous xenografts. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:451-2. [PMID: 26422835 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The majority of human solid tumours do not metastasize when grown subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice; this includes patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. However, orthotopic implantation of intact tumour tissue can lead to metastasis that mimics that seen in patients. These patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models have a long history and might better recapitulate human tumours than PDX models.
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Salaün M, Peng J, Hensley HH, Roder N, Flieder DB, Houlle-Crépin S, Abramovici-Roels O, Sabourin JC, Thiberville L, Clapper ML. MMP-13 In-Vivo Molecular Imaging Reveals Early Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132960. [PMID: 26193700 PMCID: PMC4508003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are overexpressed in lung cancer and may serve as potential targets for the development of bioactivable probes for molecular imaging. Objective To characterize and monitor the activity of MMPs during the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods K-rasLSL-G12D mice were imaged serially during the development of adenocarcinomas using fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) and a probe specific for MMP-2, -3, -9 and -13. Lung tumors were identified using FMT and MRI co-registration, and the probe concentration in each tumor was assessed at each time-point. The expression of Mmp2, -3, -9, -13 was quantified by qRT-PCR using RNA isolated from microdissected tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining of overexpressed MMPs in animals was assessed on human lung tumors. Results In mice, 7 adenomas and 5 adenocarcinomas showed an increase in fluorescent signal on successive FMT scans, starting between weeks 4 and 8. qRT-PCR assays revealed significant overexpression of only Mmp-13 in mice lung tumors. In human tumors, a high MMP-13 immunostaining index was found in tumor cells from invasive lesions (24/27), but in none of the non-invasive (0/4) (p=0.001). Conclusion MMP-13 is detected in early pulmonary invasive adenocarcinomas and may be a potential target for molecular imaging of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Salaün
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Laboratoire Quant.I.F - LITIS, EA 4108, Rouen University, Rouen, France; Clinique Pneumologique & CIC INSERM U1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Jing Peng
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Harvey H Hensley
- Biological Imaging Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Navid Roder
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Douglas B Flieder
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Luc Thiberville
- Laboratoire Quant.I.F - LITIS, EA 4108, Rouen University, Rouen, France; Clinique Pneumologique & CIC INSERM U1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Margie L Clapper
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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A better experimental method to detect the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs after adenovirus-mediated introduction of two kinds of p53 in vivo. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:852-9. [PMID: 26164152 PMCID: PMC4521903 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
p53 plays an important role in drug responses by regulating cell cycle progression and inducing programmed cell death. The C-terminal of p53 self-regulates the protein negatively; however, whether it affects the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs is unclear. In this study, two experimental methods were used to compare the sensitivity to anticancer drugs of human lung 801D cancer cells transfected with adenovirus bearing either full-length p53 or the deleted-C-terminal p53 in vivo. Adenovirus-mediated deliveries of full-length or deleted-C-terminal p53 were performed after development of tumors (the first method) or by infection into cells before xenotransplantation (the second method). The results showed that infection with the deleted-C-terminal p53 increased 801D cell sensitivity to anticancer drugs in the second, but not in the first method, as indicated by greater tumor-inhibition rates. In addition, compared with the first method, the second method resulted in viruses with more uniformly infected cells and the infection rates between groups were similar. This yielded smaller within-group variations and greater uniformity among transplanted tumors. The second method could circumvent the difficulties associated with intratumoral injection.
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83
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Chien MH, Lee WJ, Hsieh FK, Li CF, Cheng TY, Wang MY, Chen JS, Chow JM, Jan YH, Hsiao M, Hua KT, Kuo ML. Keap1-Nrf2 Interaction Suppresses Cell Motility in Lung Adenocarcinomas by Targeting the S100P Protein. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4719-32. [PMID: 26078391 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) is an E3 ligase participated in the cellular defense response against oxidative stress through nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, the role of Keap1 in regulating cancer motility is still controversial. We investigated the contribution of the Keap1-Nrf2 axis in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 was examined via immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis in a cohort of NSCLC tissues and cells. A series of in vivo and in vitro assays was performed to elucidate the contribution of the Keap1-Nrf2 axis in lung cancer mobility and progression. RESULTS Keap1 expression was decreased in specimens from NSCLC patients with lymph node metastasis compared with patients without metastasis. Higher Keap1 expression levels were correlated with the survival of NSCLC patients. Moreover, manipulation of Keap1 expression affected cell migration/invasion abilities. Depletion of Nrf2 relieved the migration promotion imposed by Keap1 suppression. Mechanistic investigations found that S100P was downregulated in both Keap1-overexpressing and Nrf2-knockdown NSCLC cells. Overexpression of Keap1 and knockdown of Nrf2 both suppressed S100P expression in NSCLC cells. Knockdown of S100P inhibited cell migration in highly invasive NSCLC cells and also relieved the migration promotion imposed by Keap1 suppression in weakly invasive NSCLC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Keap1 functions as a suppressor of tumor metastasis by targeting the Nrf2/S100P pathway in NSCLC cells. In addition, overexpression of Keap1 may be a novel NSCLC treatment strategy and/or useful biomarker for predicting NSCLC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Koo Hsieh
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chia-Feng Li
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yao Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhang N, Murakami T, Maawy A, Mii S, Uehara F, Yamamoto M, Miwa S, Yano S, Momiyama M, Mori R, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Ichikawa Y, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Tumor-Targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in Combination with Trastuzumab Eradicates HER-2-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells in Patient-Derived Mouse Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120358. [PMID: 26047477 PMCID: PMC4457918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously developed mouse models of HER-2-positive cervical cancer. Tumors in nude mice had histological structures similar to the original tumor and were stained by anti-HER-2 antibody in the same pattern as the patient’s cancer. We have also previously developed tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and have demonstrated its efficacy against patient-derived tumor mouse models, both alone and in combination. In the current study, we determined the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R in combination with trastuzumab on a patient-cancer nude-mouse model of HER-2 positive cervical cancer. Mice were randomized to 5 groups and treated as follows: (1) no treatment; (2) carboplatinum (30 mg/kg, ip, weekly, 5 weeks); (3) trastuzumab (20 mg/kg, ip, weekly, 5 weeks); (4) S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/body, ip, weekly, 5 weeks); (5) S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/body, ip, weekly, 5 weeks) + trastuzumab (20 mg/kg, ip, weekly, 5 weeks). All regimens had significant efficacy compared to the untreated mice. The relative tumor volume of S. typhimurium A1-R + trastuzumab-treated mice was smaller compared to trastuzumab alone (p = 0.007) and S. typhimurium A1-R alone (p = 0.039). No significant body weight loss was found compared to the no treatment group except for carboplatinum-treated mice (p = 0.021). Upon histological examination, viable tumor cells were not detected, and replaced by stromal cells in the tumors treated with S. typhimurium A1-R + trastuzumab. The results of the present study suggest that S. typhimurium A1-R and trastuzumab in combination are highly effective against HER-2-expressing cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Nan Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ali Maawy
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sumiyuki Mii
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Fuminari Uehara
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Shinji Miwa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Shuya Yano
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hiroshima Y, Maawy A, Zhang Y, Guzman MG, Heim R, Makings L, Luiken GA, Kobayashi H, Tanaka K, Endo I, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Photoimmunotherapy Inhibits Tumor Recurrence After Surgical Resection on a Pancreatic Cancer Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Nude Mouse Model. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22 Suppl 3:S1469-74. [PMID: 25893411 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) uses a target-specific photosensitizer based on a near-infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye, IR700, to induce tumor necrosis after irradiation with NIR light to kill cancer cells, such as those that remain after surgery. The purpose of the present study was to sterilize the surgical bed after pancreatic cancer resection with PIT in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-expressing, patient-derived, orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse models. METHODS After confirmation of tumor engraftment, mice were randomized to two groups: bright light surgery (BLS)-only and BLS + PIT. Each treatment arm consisted of seven tumor-bearing mice. BLS was performed under standard bright-field with an MVX10 long-working distance, high-magnification microscope on all mice. For BLS + PIT, anti-CEA antibody conjugated with IR700 (anti-CEA-IR700) (50 µg) was injected intravenously in all mice 24 h before surgery. After the surgery, the resection bed was then irradiated with a red-light-emitting diode at 690 ± 5 nm with a power density of 150 mW/cm(2). RESULTS Anti-CEA-IR700 labelled and illuminated the pancreatic cancer PDOX. Minimal residual cancer of the PDOX was detected by fluorescence after BLS. The local recurrence rate was 85.7 % for BLS-only and 28.6 % for BLS + PIT-treated mice (p = 0.05). The average recurrent tumor weight was 1149.0 ± 794.6 mg for BLS-only and 210.8 ± 336.9 mg for BLS + PIT-treated mice (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Anti-CEA-IR700 was able to label and illuminate a pancreatic cancer PDOX nude mouse model sufficiently for PIT. PIT reduced recurrence by eliminating remaining residual cancer cells after BLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ali Maawy
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Roger Heim
- Aspyrian Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lew Makings
- Aspyrian Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. .,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Hiroshima Y, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Maawy A, Mii S, Yamamoto M, Uehara F, Miwa S, Yano S, Murakami T, Momiyama M, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Ichikawa Y, Bouvet M, Murata T, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Establishment of a patient-derived orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) model of HER-2-positive cervical cancer expressing the clinical metastatic pattern. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117417. [PMID: 25689852 PMCID: PMC4331082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, highly prevalent in the developing world, is often metastatic and treatment resistant with no standard treatment protocol. Our laboratory pioneered the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model with the technique of surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). Unlike subcutaneous transplant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, PDOX models metastasize. Most importantly, the metastasis pattern correlates to the patient. In the present report, we describe the development of a PDOX model of HER-2-positive cervical cancer. Metastasis after SOI in nude mice included peritoneal dissemination, liver metastasis, lung metastasis as well as lymph node metastasis reflecting the metastatic pattern in the donor patient. Metastasis was detected in 4 of 6 nude mice with primary tumors. Primary tumors and metastases in the nude mice had histological structures similar to the original tumor and were stained by an anti-HER-2 antibody in the same pattern as the patient's cancer. The metastatic pattern, histology and HER-2 tumor expression of the patient were thus preserved in the PDOX model. In contrast, subcutaneous transplantation of the patient's cervical tumors resulted in primary growth but not metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Nan Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Ali Maawy
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Sumiyuki Mii
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Mako Yamamoto
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Fuminari Uehara
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Shinji Miwa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Shuya Yano
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Takuya Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki University Medical School, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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87
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Rashid OM, Takabe K. Animal models for exploring the pharmacokinetics of breast cancer therapies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:221-30. [PMID: 25416501 PMCID: PMC4583421 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.983073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite massive expenditures in research and development to cure breast cancer, few agents that pass preclinical trials demonstrate efficacy in humans. Although this endeavor relies on murine models to screen for efficacy before progressing to clinical trials, historically there has been little focus on the validation of these models, even in the era of targeted therapy where understanding the genetic signatures of tumors under study is critical. AREAS COVERED This review includes the transgenic, xenograft, and syngeneic murine breast cancer models, the ectopic, orthotopic and intravenous methods of cell implantation, and the ethics of animal experimentation. It also includes the latest data on tumor gene expression and the issues to consider when exploring the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of breast cancer therapies. EXPERT OPINION Breast cancer drug development is expensive and inefficient without a consensus preclinical murine model. Investigators must approach the choice of murine model with the same sophistication that is applied to the choice of in vitro assays to improve efficiency. Understanding the limitations of each model available, including the nuances of tumor gene signatures, is critical for investigators exploring the phamacokinetics and efficacy of breast cancer therapies, especially in the context of gene profiling and individualized targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. Rashid
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA
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Hiroshima Y, Maawy A, Zhang Y, Murakami T, Momiyama M, Mori R, Matsuyama R, Katz MHG, Fleming JB, Chishima T, Tanaka K, Ichikawa Y, Endo I, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Metastatic recurrence in a pancreatic cancer patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model is inhibited by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with fluorescence-guided surgery with an anti-CA 19-9-conjugated fluorophore. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114310. [PMID: 25463150 PMCID: PMC4252107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with gemcitabine (GEM) in combination with fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) on a pancreatic cancer patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. A PDOX model was established from a CA19-9-positive, CEA-negative tumor from a patient who had undergone a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Mice were randomized to 4 groups: bright light surgery (BLS) only; BLS+NAC; FGS only; and FGS+NAC. An anti-CA19-9 or anti-CEA antibody conjugated to DyLight 650 was administered intravenously via the tail vein of mice with the pancreatic cancer PDOX 24 hours before surgery. The PDOX was brightly labeled with fluorophore-conjugated anti-CA19-9, but not with a fluorophore-conjugated anti-CEA antibody. FGS was performed using the fluorophore-conjugated anti-CA19-9 antibody. FGS had no benefit over BLS to prevent metastatic recurrence. NAC in combination with BLS did not convey an advantage over BLS to prevent metastatic recurrence. However, FGS+NAC significantly reduced the metastatic recurrence frequency to one of 8 mice, compared to FGS only after which metastasis recurred in 6 out of 8 mice, and BLS+NAC with metastatic recurrence in 7 out of 8 mice (p = 0.041). Thus NAC in combination with FGS can reduce or even eliminate metastatic recurrence of pancreatic cancer sensitive to NAC. The present study further emphasizes the power of the PDOX model which enables metastasis to occur and thereby identify the efficacy of NAC in combination with FGS on metastatic recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ali Maawy
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Mori
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Matthew H. G. Katz
- Department of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason B. Fleming
- Department of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniya Tanaka
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hiroshima Y, Maawy AA, Katz MHG, Fleming JB, Bouvet M, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Selective efficacy of zoledronic acid on metastasis in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograph (PDOX) nude-mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. J Surg Oncol 2014; 111:311-5. [PMID: 25394368 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse models replicate the behavior of clinical cancer, including metastasis. The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZA) on metastasis of a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of pancreatic cancer. METHODS In the present study, we examined the efficacy of ZA on pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis in a PDOX nude-mouse model. RESULTS ZA monotherapy did not significantly suppress primary tumor growth. However, the primary tumor weight of gemcitabine (GEM) and combination GEM + ZA-treated mice was significantly decreased compared to the control group (GEM: P = 0.003; GEM + ZA: P = 0.002). The primary tumor weight of GEM + ZA-treated mice was significantly decreased compared to GEM-treated mice (P = 0.016). The metastasis weight decreased in ZA- or GEM-treated mice compared to the control group (ZA: P = 0.009; GEM: P = 0.007. No metastasis was detected in combination GEM + ZA-treated mice compared to the control group (GEM + ZA; P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that ZA can selectively target metastasis in a pancreatic cancer PDOX model and that the combination of ZA and GEM should be evaluated clinically in the near future for this highly treatment-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Hiroshima
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California; Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Hidalgo M, Amant F, Biankin AV, Budinská E, Byrne AT, Caldas C, Clarke RB, de Jong S, Jonkers J, Mælandsmo GM, Roman-Roman S, Seoane J, Trusolino L, Villanueva A. Patient-derived xenograft models: an emerging platform for translational cancer research. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:998-1013. [PMID: 25185190 PMCID: PMC4167608 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1153] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development and characterization of patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models for cancer research. PDX models mostly retain the principal histologic and genetic characteristics of their donor tumor and remain stable across passages. These models have been shown to be predictive of clinical outcomes and are being used for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, biologic studies, and personalized medicine strategies. This article summarizes the current state of the art in this field, including methodologic issues, available collections, practical applications, challenges and shortcomings, and future directions, and introduces a European consortium of PDX models. SIGNIFICANCE PDX models are increasingly used in translational cancer research. These models are useful for drug screening, biomarker development, and the preclinical evaluation of personalized medicine strategies. This review provides a timely overview of the key characteristics of PDX models and a detailed discussion of future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | | | | | | | - Robert B Clarke
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jos Jonkers
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Livio Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCS; and Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Catalan Institute of Oncology-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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91
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Song S, Chang D, Cui Y, Hu J, Gong M, Ma K, Ding F, Liu ZH, Wang TY. New orthotopic implantation model of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in athymic nude mice. Thorac Cancer 2014; 5:417-24. [PMID: 26767033 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous xenograft is a common method to establish animal models of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the growth microenvironment of transplanted tumors is different from primary tumors. Orthotopic implantation models can provide more biologically relevant context in which to study the disease. So far, an orthotopic implantation model of ESCC has rarely been reported. METHODS The human ESCC cell line KYSE30 was transfected with pLVX-Luciferase plasmids. KYSE30-Luciferase cells were isolated and injected into the flanks of nude mice to develop a subcutaneous tumor. An orthotopic implantation model was established using the fragments derived from the subcutaneous tumor. Fluorescence imaging was used to observe the development of the orthotopic implanted tumor. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate the invasion and metastasis of the tumor. RESULTS KYSE30 cells were successfully transfected with pLVX-Luciferase plasmids. A primary tumor was developed in all mice. The mice experienced body weight loss. The implanted tumor infiltrated into the esophageal muscularis propria. However, neither distant organ nor lymph node metastasis was found. The progression of the primary tumor was monitored by in vivo fluorescence imaging. CONCLUSION The orthotopic implantation model can be established by sewing the fragments of human ESCC to the abdominal esophagus of a nude mouse. The progression of an orthotopic implantation tumor can be monitored in real time by in vivo fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Dong Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China
| | - Tian-You Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
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Rashidi B, Moossa AR, Hoffman RM. Specific route mapping visualized with GFP of single-file streaming contralateral and systemic metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells beginning within hours of orthotopic implantion. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1738-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hoffman RM. Orthotopic mouse models expressing fluorescent proteins for cancer drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 5:851-66. [PMID: 22823260 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.510129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Currently used rodent tumor models, including transgenic tumor models, or subcutaneously growing human tumors in immunodeficient mice, do not sufficiently represent clinical cancer, especially with regard to metastasis and drug sensitivity. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW To obtain clinically accurate models, we have developed the technique of surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) to transplant histologically intact fragments of human cancer, including tumors taken directly from the patient, to the corresponding organ of immunodeficient rodents. SOI allows the growth and metastatic potential of the transplanted tumors to be expressed and reflects clinical cancer of all types. Effective drugs can be discovered and evaluated in the SOI models utilizing human tumor cell lines and patient tumors. Visualization of many aspects of cancer initiation and progression in vivo has been achieved with fluorescent proteins. Tumors and metastases in the SOI models that express fluorescent proteins can be visualized noninvasively in intact animals, greatly facilitating drug discovery. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review will provide information on the imageable mouse models of cancer that are clinically relevant, especially regarding metastasis and their use for drug discovery and evaluation. TAKE HOME MESSAGE SOI mouse models of cancer reproduce the features of clinical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA 92111, USA +1 858 654 2555 ; +1 858 268 4175 ;
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Yang B, Yu RL, Tuo S, Tuo CW, Liu QZ, Zhang N, Lu XC, Chi XH, Lv SB, Cai LL. Antisense oligonucleotide against hTERT (Cantide) inhibits tumor growth in an orthotopic primary hepatic lymphoma mouse model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41467. [PMID: 22848504 PMCID: PMC3404084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human xenograft models, resulting from orthotopic transplantation (implantation into the anatomically correct site) of histologically intact tissue into animals, are important for investigating local tumor growth, vascular and lymphatic invasion at the primary tumor site and metastasis. Methodology/Principal Findings We used surgical orthotopic transplantation to establish a nude mouse model of primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL), HLBL-0102. We performed orthotopic transfer of the HLBL-0102 tumor for 42 generations and characterized the tumor cells. The maintenance of PHL characteristics were supported by immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analysis. We also report the antitumor effect of Cantide, an antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide against hTERT, on the growth of HLBL-0102 tumors. We showed a significant, dose-dependent inhibition of tumor weight and serum LDH activity in the orthotopically transplanted animals by Cantide. Importantly, survival was prolonged in Cantide-treated HLBL-0102 tumor-bearing mice when compared to mock-treated mice. Conclusions/Significance Our study provided the basis for the development of a clinical trial protocol to treat PHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-li Yu
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shuai Tuo
- Department of Ultrastructural Pathology, Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao-wei Tuo
- Department of Ultrastructural Pathology, Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiu-zhen Liu
- Department of Ultrastructural Pathology, Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Ultrastructural Pathology, Hospital of Chinese PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-chun Lu
- Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-hua Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Artillery General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-bao Lv
- Department of Statistics, Unit of Chinese PLA, Baicheng, China
| | - Li-li Cai
- Department of Geriatric Laboratory Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Reppert S, Boross I, Koslowski M, Türeci Ö, Koch S, Lehr HA, Finotto S. A role for T-bet-mediated tumour immune surveillance in anti-IL-17A treatment of lung cancer. Nat Commun 2011; 2:600. [PMID: 22186896 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The cytokine interleukin-17A supports tumour vascularization and growth, however, its role in lung cancer is unknown. Here we show, in the lungs of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, an increase in interleukin-17A that is inversely correlated with the expression of T-bet and correlated with the T regulatory cell transcription factor Foxp3. Local targeting of interleukin-17A in experimental lung adenocarcinoma results in a reduction in tumour load, local expansion of interferon-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells and a reduction in lung CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. T-bet((-/-)) mice have a significantly higher tumour load compared with wild-type mice. This is associated with the local upregulation of interleukin-23 and induction of interleukin-17A/interleukin-17R-expressing T cells infiltrating the tumour. Local anti-interleukin-17A antibody treatment partially improves the survival of T-bet((-/-)) mice. These results suggest that local anti-interleukin-17A antibody therapy could be considered for the treatment of lung tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reppert
- Department of Anesthesia, Laboratories of Cellular and Molecular Lung Immunology, Institute of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstraße 14, Erlangen 91052, Germany
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Mordant P, Loriot Y, Lahon B, Castier Y, Lesèche G, Soria JC, Vozenin MC, Decraene C, Deutsch E. Bioluminescent orthotopic mouse models of human localized non-small cell lung cancer: feasibility and identification of circulating tumour cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26073. [PMID: 22022511 PMCID: PMC3191172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical models of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) require better clinical relevance to study disease mechanisms and innovative therapeutics. We sought to compare and refine bioluminescent orthotopic mouse models of human localized NSCLC. Methods Athymic nude mice underwent subcutaneous injection (group 1-SC, n = 15, control), percutaneous orthotopic injection (group 2-POI, n = 30), surgical orthotopic implantation of subcutaneously grown tumours (group 3-SOI, n = 25), or transpleural orthotopic injection (group 4-TOI, n = 30) of A549-luciferase cells. Bioluminescent in vivo imaging was then performed weekly. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) were searched using Cellsearch® system in SC and TOI models. Results Group 2-POI was associated with unexpected direct pleural spreading of the cellular solution in 53% of the cases, forbidding further evaluation of any localized lung tumour. Group 3-SOI was characterized by high perioperative mortality, initially localized lung tumours, and local evolution. Group 4-TOI was associated with low perioperative mortality, initially localized lung tumours, loco regional extension, and distant metastasis. CTCs were detected in 83% of nude mice bearing subcutaneous or orthotopic NSCLC tumours. Conclusions Transpleural orthotopic injection of A549-luc cells in nude mouse lung induces localized tumour, followed by lymphatic extension and specific mortality, and allowed the first time identification of CTCs in a NSCLC mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mordant
- INSERM U1030 & Université Paris XI, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique & Université Paris VII, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Loriot
- INSERM U1030 & Université Paris XI, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Département de Médecine, SITEP& Université Paris XI, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Benoit Lahon
- INSERM U1030 & Université Paris XI, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yves Castier
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique & Université Paris VII, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Guy Lesèche
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique & Université Paris VII, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Département de Médecine, SITEP& Université Paris XI, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Charles Decraene
- Département de Recherche translationnelle, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- INSERM U1030 & Université Paris XI, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Département de Radiothérapie & Université Paris XI, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
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Gros SJ, Dohrmann T, Peldschus K, Schurr PG, Kaifi JT, Kalinina T, Reichelt U, Mann O, Strate TG, Adam G, Hoffman RM, Izbicki JR. Complementary use of fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging of metastatic esophageal cancer in a novel orthotopic mouse model. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:2671-81. [PMID: 19847813 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of an aggressive orthotopic metastatic model of esophageal cancer, which is visualized in real time with combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging. The aim of the study was to describe the development of a novel model of metastatic tumor disease of esophageal carcinoma and use this model to evaluate fluorescence and MRI in early detection of local and metastatic disease. The human esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line PT1590 was stably transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Nude mice were orthotopically implanted with PT1590-GFP cells. Orthotopic tumor growth as well as metastatic spread was examined by fluorescence imaging and high-resolution MRI at defined intervals after orthotopic implantation. Highly aggressive novel fluorescent cell lines were isolated from metastatic tissues and put into culture. After implantation of these cells, 100% of the animals developed orthotopic primary tumors. In 83% of animals, metastatic spread to liver, lung and lymph nodes was observed. Primary tumor growth could be visualized with fluorescence imaging and with MRI with high correlation between the 2 methods. Fluorescence imaging allows fast, sensitive, and economical imaging of the primary and metastatic tumor without anesthesia. With MRI, anatomical structures are visualized more precisely and tumors can be more accurately localized to specific organs. This model should prove highly useful to understand esophageal carcinoma and to identify novel therapeutics for this treatment-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Gros
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Dong X, Guan J, English JC, Flint J, Yee J, Evans K, Murray N, Macaulay C, Ng RT, Gout PW, Lam WL, Laskin J, Ling V, Lam S, Wang Y. Patient-derived first generation xenografts of non-small cell lung cancers: promising tools for predicting drug responses for personalized chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:1442-51. [PMID: 20179238 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current chemotherapeutic regimens have only modest benefit for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Cumulative toxicities/drug resistance limit chemotherapy given after the first-line regimen. For personalized chemotherapy, clinically relevant NSCLC models are needed for quickly predicting the most effective regimens for therapy with curative intent. In this study, first generation subrenal capsule xenografts of primary NSCLCs were examined for (a) determining responses to conventional chemotherapeutic regimens and (b) selecting regimens most effective for individual patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Pieces (1x3x3 mm(3)) of 32 nontreated, completely resected patients' NSCLCs were grafted under renal capsules of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice and treated with (A) cisplatin+vinorelbine, (B) cisplatin+docetaxel, (C) cisplatin+gemcitabine, and positive responses (treated tumor area <or=50% of control, P < 0.05) were determined. Clinical outcomes of treated patients were acquired. RESULTS Xenografts from all NSCLCs were established (engraftment rate, 90%) with the retention of major biological characteristics of the original cancers. The entire process of drug assessment took 8 weeks. Response rates to regimens A, B, and C were 28% (9 of 32), 42% (8 of 19), and 44% (7 of 16), respectively. Certain cancers that were resistant to a particular regimen were sensitive to others. The majority of responsive tumors contained foci of nonresponding cancer cells, indicative of tumor heterogeneity and potential drug resistance. Xenografts from six of seven patients who developed recurrence/metastasis were nonresponsive. CONCLUSIONS Models based on first generation NSCLC subrenal capsule xenografts have been developed, which are suitable for quick assessment (6-8 weeks) of the chemosensitivity of patients' cancers and selection of the most effective regimens. They hold promise for application in personalized chemotherapy of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Department of Cancer Endocrinology, BC Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE Realistic models of colorectal cancer are necessary to study cancer biology and evaluate therapeutic interventions. Real-time observation and repeated sampling of implanted tumor is difficult to achieve in the current orthotopic animal colorectal cancer model. The aim of this study was to establish a simple colostomy implantation mouse model for evaluating colon cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The human colon cancer cell line LoVo was injected subcutaneously into the necks of five mice to generate a solid tumor. Colostomies were created from the ceca of 14 nude mice. Fragments from the solid tumors were then harvested and implanted into the submucosa of the stoma. Half of the tumor-bearing mice were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and all were monitored for tumor growth and survival. Tumor tissue was taken at different time points to evaluate pathological changes, expression of hMSH2 and P53, and microsatellite instability (MSI). RESULTS The stoma healed 2 weeks after the surgery. Twelve mice had developed detectable colon tumor 2 to 3 weeks after implantation of human colon cancer LoVo cells into the colostomy with mesenteric lymph node metastases. The median survival was 13 weeks. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of tumor tissues collected at different time points of tumor progression showed similar histopathological changes and hMSH2 and P53 expression patterns to the original cell line. MSI analysis showed that five tumors were MSI-L from the second week after tumor implantation and all 12 colostomy tumors were MSI-H from 4 weeks after implantation. The tumors were highly sensitive to 5-FU treatment, which lead to a longer median survival of 15 weeks (P = 0.0374) and significant tumor growth inhibition. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that a colostomy implantation mouse model is an ideal model for evaluating colon cancer. Its advantages include high tumor take rate, easy real-time visualization, easy repeated sampling of the implanted tumor in live animals, and significant sensitivity to a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent.
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Ishizu K, Sunose N, Yamazaki K, Tsuruo T, Sadahiro S, Makuuchi H, Yamori T. Development and characterization of a model of liver metastasis using human colon cancer HCT-116 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1779-83. [PMID: 17827739 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop a model of liver metastasis of human gastrointestinal cancer cells, we examined the potential of 10 human colon and stomach cancer cell lines (HT-29, WiDr, HCT-116, HCT-15, HCC-2998, MKN7, MKN28, MKN45, MKN74 and St-4) to form liver metastases in nude mice. Among the cell lines, HCT-116 cells consistently formed gross liver metastases when injected into the spleens of nude mice. In contrast, other human colon and stomach cancer cells produced little or no liver metastasis. In order to analyze the high metastatic potential of HCT-116 cells, the adhesion potential was compared between HCT-116 cells and the other colon cancer cell lines. HCT-116 cells showed more efficient adhesion to fibronectin (FN) than other cells. Furthermore, FN enhanced haptotaxis of HCT-116 cells, but not of other colon cancer cells. The high adhesion potential to FN and enhanced haptotaxis may contribute, at least in part, to the high metastatic potential of HCT-116. To assess the value of this newly developed model of liver metastasis, we compared the ability of four anticancer drugs (fluorouracil, doxifluridine, paclitaxel and irinotecan) to inhibit the formation of liver metastases. Paclitaxel and irinotecan showed strong inhibition of liver metastasis but fluorouracil and doxifluridine showed only slight inhibition. Therefore, this model of metastasis may be useful for screening anti-liver metastatic reagents. These results indicate that the HCT-116 liver-metastasis model should be useful for analyzing the molecular mechanism of liver metastasis and for evaluating new anti-liver metastatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ishizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
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