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Local Wnt3a treatment restores bone regeneration in large osseous defects after surgical debridement of osteomyelitis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:897-906. [PMID: 32424558 PMCID: PMC8526481 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired bone homeostasis caused by osteomyelitis provokes serious variations in the bone remodeling process, thereby involving multiple inflammatory cytokines to activate bone healing. We have previously established a mouse model for post-traumatic osteomyelitis and studied bone regeneration after sufficient debridement. Moreover, we could further characterize the postinfectious inflammatory state of bony defects after debridement with elevated osteoclasts and decreased bone formation despite the absence of bacteria. In this study, we investigated the positive effects of Wnt-pathway modulation on bone regeneration in our previous established mouse model. This was achieved by local application of Wnt3a, a recombinant activator of the canonical Wnt-pathway. Application of Wnt3a could enhance new bone formation, which was verified by histological and μ-CT analysis. Moreover, histology and western blots revealed enhanced osteoblastogenesis and downregulated osteoclasts in a RANKL-dependent manner. Further analysis of Wnt-pathway showed downregulation after bone infections were reconstituted by application of Wnt3a. Interestingly, Wnt-inhibitory proteins Dickkopf 1 (DKK1), sclerostin, and secreted frizzled protein 1 (sFRP1) were upregulated simultaneously to Wnt-pathway activation, indicating a negative feedback for active form of Beta-catenin. In this study, we could demonstrate enhanced bone formation in defects caused by post-traumatic osteomyelitis after Wnt3a application. KEY MESSAGES: Osteomyelitis decreases bone regeneration Wnt3a restores bone healing after infection Canonical Wnt-pathway activation with negative feedback.
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52
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De Maré A, D’Haese PC, Verhulst A. The Role of Sclerostin in Bone and Ectopic Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093199. [PMID: 32366042 PMCID: PMC7246472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin, a 22-kDa glycoprotein that is mainly secreted by the osteocytes, is a soluble inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling. Therefore, when present at increased concentrations, it leads to an increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Serum sclerostin levels are known to be increased in the elderly and in patients with chronic kidney disease. In these patient populations, there is a high incidence of ectopic cardiovascular calcification. These calcifications are strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although data are still controversial, it is likely that there is a link between ectopic calcification and serum sclerostin levels. The main question, however, remains whether sclerostin exerts either a protective or deleterious role in the ectopic calcification process.
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53
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Volleman TNE, Schol J, Morita K, Sakai D, Watanabe M. Wnt3a and wnt5a as Potential Chondrogenic Stimulators for Nucleus Pulposus Cell Induction: A Comprehensive Review. Neurospine 2020; 17:19-35. [PMID: 32252152 PMCID: PMC7136098 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040040.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain remains a highly prevalent pathology engendering a tremendous socioeconomic burden. Low back pain is generally associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, a process involving the deterioration of nucleus pulpous (NP) cells and IVD matrix. Scientific interest has directed efforts to restoring cell numbers as a strategy to enable IVD regeneration. Currently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being explored as cell therapy agents, due to their easy accessibility and differentiation potential. For enhancement of MSCs, growth factor supplementation is commonly applied to induce differentiation towards a chondrogenic (NP) cell phenotype. The wnt signaling pathways play a crucial role in chondrogenesis, nonetheless, literature appears to present controversies with regard to wnt3a and wnt5a for the induction of NP cells, chondrocytes, and MSCs. This review aims to summarize the reporting on wnt3a/wnt5a mediated NP cell differentiation, and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in wnt3a and wnt5a mediated chondrogenesis for potential application as cell therapy supplements for IVD regeneration. Our review suggests that wnt3a, subsequently replaced with a chondrogenic stimulating growth factor, can enhance the chondrogenic potential of MSCs in vitro. Contrariwise, wnt5a is suggested to play a role in maintaining cell potency of differentiated NP or chondrogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibo Nico Emmie Volleman
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Autophagy negative-regulating Wnt signaling enhanced inflammatory osteoclastogenesis from Pre-OCs in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110093. [PMID: 32199225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis thereby the alveolar bone loss induced by inflammation, is a wide-spread phenomenon around the world. It is an ongoing challenge faced by clinicians worldwide. This study aimed to identify the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on osteoclasts (OCs) differentiation in vitro and to investigate its molecular mechanism. For bone marrow derived macrophages (considered as Pro-OCs), LPS impaired their differentiation into OCs in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, it promoted Pre-OCs (referred to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) pretreated Pro-OCs) and differentiated to OCs with increased maximum diameter, quantity, the covering area and the fusion index in vitro. It also facilitated OCs proliferation, bone resorption and OCs related genes expression. Furthermore, it was revealed that LPS enhanced OCs genesis from Pre-OCs via activating autophagy pathway consequently elevated the accumulation of TRAP, Cts K and NFATC1, specific genes of OCs. The members of Wnt signaling were expressed as at lower states during the LPS induced OCs formation, but they could be rescued in the presence of autophagy inhibitor. The most promising observation was the direct interaction of LC3B and Dvl2, indicating that the crosstalk between above pathways existed in OCs. Taken together, we consider that LPS activates autophagy which negatively regulates Wnt signaling via autophagic degradation of Dvl2 is significant for osteoclastogenesis from Pre-OCs in vitro. Our study sheds light on the fact that autophagy inhibitors will become a new, potentially applicable therapeutic option in the treatment of periodontal bone loss.
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55
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Geniposide promotes the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 and ATDC5 cells by regulation of microRNA-214. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106121. [PMID: 31972426 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The research plans to make sure how Geniposide (GEN) functions in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The MC3T3-E1 and ATDC5 cells were treated with the GEN, XAV-939 and/or transfected with microRNA (miR)-214 mimic or corresponding control. Cell viability was detected with the CCK-8. The CyclinD1, Runx2, Osx, Ocn, Wnt3a and β-catenin were individually quantified via western blot. The cell cycle was tested by cell cycle analysis assay. The ALP activity was tested by ALP assay. qRT-PCR was used to examine the miR-214 expression level. The cell viability and the expressions of the CyclinD1, Runx2, Osx, Ocn Wnt3a and β-catenin, as well as the ALP activity were individually and significantly promoted by the GEN. Besides, miR-214 was down-regulated by the GEN. The XAV-939 or the miR-214 mimic destroyed the promotional effect of GEN on these elements above. In conclusion, GEN induced the proliferation and differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 and ATDC5 cells by targeting the miR-214 through Wnt/β-catenin activation.
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56
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Rossi M, Buonuomo PS, Battafarano G, Conforti A, Mariani E, Algeri M, Pelle S, D'Agostini M, Macchiaiolo M, De Vito R, Gonfiantini MV, Jenkner A, Rana I, Bartuli A, Del Fattore A. Dissecting the mechanisms of bone loss in Gorham-Stout disease. Bone 2020; 130:115068. [PMID: 31525474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive osteolysis and angiomatous proliferation. Since the mechanisms leading to bone loss in GSD are not completely understood, we performed histological, serum, cellular and molecular analyses of 7 patients. Increased vessels, osteoclast number and osteocyte lacunar area were revealed in patients' bone biopsies. Biochemical analysis of sera showed high levels of ICTP, Sclerostin, VEGF-A and IL-6. In vitro experiments revealed increased osteoclast differentiation and activity, and impaired mineralization ability of osteoblasts. To evaluate the involvement of systemic factors in GSD, control cells were treated with patients' sera and displayed an increase of osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption activity and a reduction of osteoblast function. Interestingly, GSD sera stimulated the vessel formation by endothelial cells EA.hy926. These results suggest that bone cell autonomous alterations with the cooperation of systemic factors are involved in massive bone loss and angiomatous proliferation observed in GSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Conforti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Eda Mariani
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Algeri
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Histopathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Jenkner
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ippolita Rana
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetic Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Group, Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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57
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Li X, Chen D, Jing X, Li C. DKK1 and TNF-alpha influence osteogenic differentiation of adBMP9-infected-rDFCs. Oral Dis 2019; 26:360-369. [PMID: 31733158 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rat dental follicle cells (rDFCs) function as precursor cells of periodontal tissues. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP9) plays an important role in proliferation and differentiation. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important contributor to bone resorption. Wnt canonical pathway can be inhibited by Dickkopf 1 (DKK1). The aim of the study was to enhance the osteogenesis of BMP9 treated rDFCs in an inflammatory environment and elucidate the mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS rDFCs were infected by adenoviruses expressing BMP9 (adBMP9). Expression levels of proteins and genes were measured by Western blotting and qPCR. The effect on osteogenesis was evaluated by measuring the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), observation of Alizarin Red S and haematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS TNF-alpha activated the canonical Wnt pathway and inhibited the non-canonical pathway. DKK1 suppressed the canonical pathway and promoted the non-canonical pathway. Addition of TNF-alpha or DKK1 inhibited BMP9/Smad pathway. However, this inhibition was reduced by the addition of DKK1 with TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS DKK1 reduces the inhibitory effects of TNF-alpha in adBMP9-infected-rDFCs, possibly through interaction with the Smad signalling pathway and Wnt pathways. These findings may lead to a novel approach for the treatment of periodontitis-related alveolar bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongcai Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqin Jing
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Conghua Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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58
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The Regulation of Bone Metabolism and Disorders by Wnt Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225525. [PMID: 31698687 PMCID: PMC6888566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt, a secreted glycoprotein, has an approximate molecular weight of 40 kDa, and it is a cytokine involved in various biological phenomena including ontogeny, morphogenesis, carcinogenesis, and maintenance of stem cells. The Wnt signaling pathway can be classified into two main pathways: canonical and non-canonical. Of these, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis. Sclerostin produced by osteocytes is an inhibitor of this pathway, thereby inhibiting osteogenesis. Recently, osteoporosis treatment using an anti-sclerostin therapy has been introduced. In this review, the basics of Wnt signaling, its role in bone metabolism and its involvement in skeletal disorders have been covered. Furthermore, the clinical significance and future scopes of Wnt signaling in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and neoplasia are discussed.
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59
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Kozielewicz P, Turku A, Schulte G. Molecular Pharmacology of Class F Receptor Activation. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:62-71. [PMID: 31591260 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The class Frizzled (FZD) or class F of G protein-coupled receptors consists of 10 FZD paralogues and Smoothened (SMO). FZDs coordinate wingless/Int-1 signaling and SMO mediates Hedgehog signaling. Class F receptor signaling is intrinsically important for embryonic development and its dysregulation leads to diseases, including diverse forms of tumors. With regard to the importance of class F signaling in human disease, these receptors provide an attractive target for therapeutics, exemplified by the use of SMO antagonists for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Here, we review recent structural insights in combination with a more detailed functional understanding of class F receptor activation, G protein coupling, conformation-based functional selectivity, and mechanistic details of activating cancer mutations, which will lay the basis for further development of class F-targeting small molecules for human therapy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Stimulated by recent insights into the activation mechanisms of class F receptors from structural and functional analysis of Frizzled and Smoothened, we aim to summarize what we know about the molecular details of ligand binding, agonist-driven conformational changes, and class F receptor activation. A better understanding of receptor activation mechanisms will allow us to engage in structure- and mechanism-driven drug discovery with the potential to develop more isoform-selective and potentially pathway-selective drugs for human therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kozielewicz
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ainoleena Turku
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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60
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Amirhosseini M, Bernhardsson M, Lång P, Andersson G, Flygare J, Fahlgren A. Cyclin-dependent kinase 8/19 inhibition suppresses osteoclastogenesis by downregulating RANK and promotes osteoblast mineralization and cancellous bone healing. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16503-16516. [PMID: 30793301 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a mediator complex-associated transcriptional regulator that acts depending on context and cell type. While primarily under investigation as potential cancer therapeutics, some inhibitors of CDK8-and its paralog CDK19-have been reported to affect the osteoblast lineage and bone formation. This study investigated the effects of two selective CDK8/19 inhibitors on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblasts in vitro, and further evaluated how local treatment with a CDK8/19 inhibitor affects cancellous bone healing in rats. CDK8/19 inhibitors did not alter the proliferation of neither mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) nor primary mouse osteoblasts. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis from mouse BMMs was suppressed markedly by inhibition of CDK8/19, concomitant with reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels. This was accompanied by downregulation of PU.1, RANK, NF-κB, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), TRAP, and cathepsin K in RANKL-stimulated BMMs. Downregulating RANK and its downstream signaling in osteoclast precursors enforce CDK8/19 inhibitors as anticatabolic agents to impede excessive osteoclastogenesis. In mouse primary osteoblasts, CDK8/19 inhibition did not affect differentiation but enhanced osteoblast mineralization by promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and downregulating osteopontin, a negative regulator of mineralization. In rat tibiae, a CDK8/19 inhibitor administered locally promoted cancellous bone regeneration. Our data indicate that inhibitors of CDK8/19 have the potential to develop into therapeutics to restrict osteolysis and enhance bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Amirhosseini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bernhardsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lång
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan Flygare
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Fahlgren
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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61
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Weivoda MM, Ruan M, Hachfeld CM, Pederson L, Howe A, Davey RA, Zajac JD, Kobayashi Y, Williams BO, Westendorf JJ, Khosla S, Oursler MJ. Wnt Signaling Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation by Activating Canonical and Noncanonical cAMP/PKA Pathways. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1546-1548. [PMID: 31415114 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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62
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Danieau G, Morice S, Rédini F, Verrecchia F, Royer BBL. New Insights about the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Primary Bone Tumors and Their Microenvironment: A Promising Target to Develop Therapeutic Strategies? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153751. [PMID: 31370265 PMCID: PMC6696068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most common malignant primary bone tumors mainly occurring in children, adolescents and young adults. Current standard therapy includes multidrug chemotherapy and/or radiation specifically for Ewing sarcoma, associated with tumor resection. However, patient survival has not evolved for the past decade and remains closely related to the response of tumor cells to chemotherapy, reaching around 75% at 5 years for patients with localized forms of osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma but less than 30% in metastatic diseases and patients resistant to initial chemotherapy. Despite Ewing sarcoma being characterized by specific EWSR1-ETS gene fusions resulting in oncogenic transcription factors, currently, no targeted therapy could be implemented. It seems even more difficult to develop a targeted therapeutic strategy in osteosarcoma which is characterized by high complexity and heterogeneity in genomic alterations. Nevertheless, the common point between these different bone tumors is their ability to deregulate bone homeostasis and remodeling and divert them to their benefit. Therefore, targeting different actors of the bone tumor microenvironment has been hypothesized to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this context, it is well known that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a key role in cancer development, including osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma as well as in bone remodeling. Moreover, recent studies highlight the implication of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in angiogenesis and immuno-surveillance, two key mechanisms involved in metastatic dissemination. This review focuses on the role played by this signaling pathway in the development of primary bone tumors and the modulation of their specific microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/immunology
- Bone Neoplasms/mortality
- Bone and Bones
- Child
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/mortality
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/immunology
- Osteosarcoma/drug therapy
- Osteosarcoma/genetics
- Osteosarcoma/immunology
- Osteosarcoma/mortality
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/immunology
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/genetics
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/immunology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/immunology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/mortality
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
- Young Adult
- beta Catenin/antagonists & inhibitors
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Danieau
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Sarah Morice
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Rédini
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Brounais-Le Royer
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, 44035 Nantes, France.
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63
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Zhao H, Lazarenko OP, Chen JR. Hippuric acid and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid inhibit murine osteoclastogenesis through RANKL-RANK independent pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:599-610. [PMID: 31271661 PMCID: PMC6852477 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional factors influence bone development. Previous studies demonstrated that bone mass significantly increased with suppressed bone resorption in early life of rats fed with AIN-93G semi-purified diets supplemented with 10% whole blueberry (BB) powder for 2 weeks. However, the effects of increased phenolic acids in animal serum due to this diet on bone and bone resorption were unclear. This in vitro and in ex vivo study examined the effects of phenolic hippuric acid (HA) and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (3-3-PPA) on osteoclastic cell differentiation and bone resorption. We cultured murine osteoclast (macrophage) cell line, RAW 264.7 cells, and hematopoietic osteoclast progenitor cells (isolated from 4-week-old C57BL6/J mice) with 50 ng/ml of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-Β ligand (RANKL). Morphologic studies showed decreased osteoclast number with treatment of 2.5% mouse serum from BB diet-fed animals compared with those treated with serum from standard casein diet-fed mice in both RAW 264.7 cell and primary cell cultures. HA and 3-3-PPA, but not 3-4-PPA, had dose-dependent suppressive effects on osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast resorptive activity in Corning osteo-assay plates. Signaling pathway analysis showed that after pretreatment with HA or 3-3-PPA, RANKL-stimulated increase of osteoclastogenic markers, such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 gene/protein expression were blunted. Inhibitory effects of HA and 3-3-PPA on osteoclastogenesis utilized RANKL/RANK independent mediators. The study revealed that HA and 3-3-PPA significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone osteoclastic resorptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Oxana P Lazarenko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
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64
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Sfrp4 repression of the Ror2/Jnk cascade in osteoclasts protects cortical bone from excessive endosteal resorption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14138-14143. [PMID: 31239337 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900881116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt inhibitor secreted frizzled receptor protein 4 (SFRP4) cause Pyle's disease (OMIM 265900), a rare skeletal disorder characterized by wide metaphyses, significant thinning of cortical bone, and fragility fractures. In mice, we have shown that the cortical thinning seen in the absence of Sfrp4 is associated with decreased periosteal and endosteal bone formation and increased endocortical resorption. While the increase in Rankl/Opg in cortical bone of mice lacking Sfrp4 suggests an osteoblast-dependent effect on endocortical osteoclast (OC) activity, whether Sfrp4 can cell-autonomously affect OCs is not known. We found that Sfrp4 is expressed during bone marrow macrophage OC differentiation and that Sfrp4 significantly suppresses the ability of early and late OC precursors to respond to Rankl-induced OC differentiation. Sfrp4 deletion in OCs resulted in activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and noncanonical Wnt/Ror2/Jnk signaling cascades. However, while inhibition of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling did not alter the effect of Sfrp4 on OCgenesis, blocking the noncanonical Wnt/Ror2/Jnk cascade markedly suppressed its regulation of OC differentiation in vitro. Importantly, we report that deletion of Ror2 exclusively in OCs (CtskCreRor2 fl/fl ) in Sfrp4 null mice significantly reversed the increased number of endosteal OCs seen in these mice and reduced their cortical thinning. Altogether, these data show autocrine and paracrine effects of Sfrp4 in regulating OCgenesis and demonstrate that the increase in endosteal OCs seen in Sfrp4 -/- mice is a consequence of noncanonical Wnt/Ror2/Jnk signaling activation in OCs overriding the negative effect that activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling has on OCgenesis.
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65
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Local delivery of adenosine receptor agonists to promote bone regeneration and defect healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:240-247. [PMID: 29913176 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine receptor activation has been investigated as a potential therapeutic approach to heal bone. Bone has enhanced regenerative potential when influenced by either direct or indirect adenosine receptor agonism. As investigators continue to elucidate how adenosine influences bone cell homeostasis at the cellular and molecular levels, a small but growing body of literature has reported successful in vivo applications of adenosine delivery. This review summarizes the role adenosine receptor ligation plays in osteoblast and osteoclast biology and remodeling/regeneration. It also reports on all the modalities described in the literature at this point for delivery of adenosine through in vivo models for bone healing and regeneration.
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Li X, Liu D, Li J, Yang S, Xu J, Yokota H, Zhang P. Wnt3a involved in the mechanical loading on improvement of bone remodeling and angiogenesis in a postmenopausal osteoporosis mouse model. FASEB J 2019; 33:8913-8924. [PMID: 31017804 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802711r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem, making bones fragile and susceptible to fracture. Previous works showed that mechanical loading stimulated bone formation and accelerated fracture healing. Focusing on the role of Wnt3a (wingless/integrated 3a), this study was aimed to assess effects of mechanical loading to the spine, using ovariectomized (OVX) mice as a model of osteoporosis. Two-week daily application of this novel loading (4 N, 10 Hz, 5 min/d) altered bone remodeling with an increase in Wnt3a. Spinal loading promoted osteoblast differentiation, endothelial progenitor cell migration, and tube formation and inhibited osteoclast formation, migration, and adhesion. A transient silencing of Wnt3a altered the observed loading effects. Spinal loading significantly increased bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area per tissue area. The loaded OVX group showed a significant increase in the number of osteoblasts and reduction in osteoclast surface/bone surface. Though expression of osteoblastic genes was increased, the levels of osteoclastic genes were decreased by loading. Spinal loading elevated a microvascular volume as well as VEGF expression. Collectively, this study supports the notion that Wnt3a-mediated signaling involves in the effect of spinal loading on stimulating bone formation, inhibiting bone resorption, and promoting angiogenesis in OVX mice. It also suggests that Wnt3a might be a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis treatment.-Li, X., Liu, D., Li, J., Yang, S., Xu, J., Yokota, H., Zhang, P. Wnt3a involved in the mechanical loading on improvement of bone remodeling and angiogenesis in a postmenopausal osteoporosis mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Daquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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67
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Terkawi MA, Kadoya K, Takahashi D, Tian Y, Hamasaki M, Matsumae G, Alhasan H, Elmorsy S, Uetsuki K, Onodera T, Takahata M, Iwasaki N. Identification of IL-27 as potent regulator of inflammatory osteolysis associated with vitamin E-blended ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene debris of orthopedic implants. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:242-251. [PMID: 30880234 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E-blended ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (VE-UHMWPE) is a newly introduced material for prosthetic components that has proven a better mechanical performance with lesser adverse cellular responses than conventional polyethylene in experimental animal models. However, the mechanisms by which VE-UHMWPE particles trigger a reduced osteolytic activity are unclear and remain to be investigated. Therefore, the current study aims at exploring a possible anti-osteolytic mechanism associated with VE-UHMWPE particles. Transcriptional profiling and bioinformatic analyses of human macrophages stimulated by VE-UHMWPE particles revealed a distinct transcriptional program from macrophages stimulated with UHMWPE particles. Out of the up-regulated genes, IL-27 was found to be significantly elevated in macrophages cultured with VE-UHMWPE particles as compared to these with UHMWPE particles (p = 0.0084). Furthermore, we studied the potential anti-osteolytic function of IL-27 in osteolysis murine model. Interestingly, administration of recombinant IL-27 onto calvariae significantly alleviated osteolytic lesions triggered by UHMWPE particles (p = 0.0002). Likewise, IL-27 inhibited differentiation of osteoclasts (p = 0.0116) and reduced inflammatory response (p < 0.0001) elicited by conventional UHMWPE particles in vitro. This is the first study demonstrating the involvement of IL-27 in macrophage response to VE-UHMWPE particles and its regulatory role in osteolysis. Our data highlight a novel therapeutic agent for treatment of inflammatory osteolysis induced by polyethylene debris. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Aseptic loosening due to inflammatory osteolysis remains the major cause of arthroplasty failure and represents a substantial economic burden worldwide. Ideal approach to prevent this failure should be directed to minimize inflammatory response triggered by wear particles at the site of implant. Understanding the mechanism by which VE-UHMWPE particles triggers lesser cellular responses and reduced osteolysis as compared to conventional UHMWPE particles may aid in discovery of regulatory factors. In the current study, we reported that IL-27 is a potent regulator of inflammatory osteolysis involved in the reduced biologic activities and osteolytic potentials associated with VE-UHMWPE particles. Initiating the production IL-27 in vivo after total joint arthroplasties might be a novel strategy to prolong the life-spam of implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Alaa Terkawi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science Bldg No 2, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masanari Hamasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Gen Matsumae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hend Alhasan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Sameh Elmorsy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beni-Suef University, Faculty of Medicine, Mokbel 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Keita Uetsuki
- R&D Center, Teijin Nakashima Medical Co., Ltd., 5322, Haga, Kita-ku, Okayama 701-1221, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science Bldg No 2, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takahata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nish-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science Bldg No 2, Hokkaido University, Japan
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68
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Koga Y, Tsurumaki H, Aoki-Saito H, Sato M, Yatomi M, Takehara K, Hisada T. Roles of Cyclic AMP Response Element Binding Activation in the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK Signalling Pathway in Central Nervous System, Cardiovascular System, Osteoclast Differentiation and Mucin and Cytokine Production. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061346. [PMID: 30884895 PMCID: PMC6470985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many downstream targets of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling that are involved in neuronal development, cellular differentiation, cell migration, cancer, cardiovascular dysfunction and inflammation via their functions in promoting apoptosis and cell motility and regulating various cytokines. It has been reported that cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is phosphorylated and activated by cyclic AMP signalling and calcium/calmodulin kinase. Recent evidence also points to CREB phosphorylation by the MAPK signalling pathway. However, the specific roles of CREB phosphorylation in MAPK signalling have not yet been reviewed in detail. Here, we describe the recent advances in the study of this MAPK-CREB signalling axis in human diseases. Overall, the crosstalk between extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK signalling has been shown to regulate various physiological functions, including central nervous system, cardiac fibrosis, alcoholic cardiac fibrosis, osteoclast differentiation, mucin production in the airway, vascular smooth muscle cell migration, steroidogenesis and asthmatic inflammation. In this review, we focus on ERK1/2 and/or p38 MAPK-dependent CREB activation associated with various diseases to provide insights for basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Koga
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Tsurumaki
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Haruka Aoki-Saito
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Makiko Sato
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Masakiyo Yatomi
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Kazutaka Takehara
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 sho-wa machi Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan.
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69
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Han X, Gong S, Li N, Wang X, Liu P, Xu Y, He X, Jiang W, Si S. A Novel Small Molecule Which Increases Osteoprotegerin Expression and Protects Against Ovariectomy-Related Bone Loss in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:103. [PMID: 30914947 PMCID: PMC6421503 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratio of osteoprotegerin (OPG) to the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a key determinant in the regulation of bone metabolism. The study was performed to screen novel anti-osteoporotic drugs regulating OPG/RANKL ratio and evaluate their effect on bone metabolism. According to the screening results and in vitro results, we found a small molecule, E09241, significantly increased the ratio of OPG/RANKL by mainly increasing OPG expression. Our in vitro studies showed that E09241 increased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of mouse osteoblasts, promoted mineralization, and increased the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes. In addition, we observed that E09241 inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and reduced the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related proteins nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). More importantly, E09241 exerted therapeutic protection against bone loss in ovariectomized rats in vivo. This protective effect was confirmed to be achieved by inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation in vivo. Mechanistically, E09241 regulates OPG expression through canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our findings suggest that E09241 is a promising small-molecule compound for treating osteoporosis with a dual effect on osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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70
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Kang KS, Hong JM, Horan DJ, Lim KE, Bullock WA, Bruzzaniti A, Hann S, Warman ML, Robling AG. Induction of Lrp5 HBM-causing mutations in Cathepsin-K expressing cells alters bone metabolism. Bone 2019; 120:166-175. [PMID: 30409757 PMCID: PMC6360125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-bone-mass (HBM)-causing missense mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5 (Lrp5) are associated with increased osteoanabolic action and protection from disuse- and ovariectomy-induced osteopenia. These mutations (e.g., A214V and G171V) confer resistance to endogenous secreted Lrp5/6 inhibitors, such as sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf homolog-1 (DKK1). Cells in the osteoblast lineage are responsive to canonical Wnt stimulation, but recent work has indicated that osteoclasts exhibit both indirect and direct responsiveness to canonical Wnt. Whether Lrp5-HBM receptors, expressed in osteoclasts, might alter osteoclast differentiation, activity, and consequent net bone balance in the skeleton, is not known. To address this, we bred mice harboring heterozygous Lrp5 HBM-causing conditional knock-in alleles to Ctsk-Cre transgenic mice and studied the phenotype using DXA, μCT, histomorphometry, serum assays, and primary cell culture. Mice with HBM alleles induced in Ctsk-expressing cells (TG) exhibited higher bone mass and architectural properties compared to non-transgenic (NTG) counterparts. In vivo and in vitro measurements of osteoclast activity, population density, and differentiation yielded significant reductions in osteoclast-related parameters in female but not male TG mice. Droplet digital PCR performed on osteocyte enriched cortical bone tubes from TG and NTG mice revealed that ~8-17% of the osteocyte population (depending on sex) underwent recombination of the conditional Lrp5 allele in the presence of Ctsk-Cre. Further, bone formation parameters in the midshaft femur cortex show a small but significant increase in anabolic action on the endocortical but not periosteal surface. These findings suggest that Wnt/Lrp5 signaling in osteoclasts affects osteoclastogenesis and activity in female mice, but also that some of the changes in bone mass in TG mice might be due to Cre expression in the osteocyte population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Shin Kang
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; School of Physical Science & Engineering, Anderson University, Anderson, IN, USA
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Department of Biomedical & Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel J Horan
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kyung-Eun Lim
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Whitney A Bullock
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical & Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Steven Hann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew L Warman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Abstract
Skeletal development is exquisitely controlled both spatially and temporally by cell signaling networks. Gαs is the stimulatory α-subunit in a heterotrimeric G protein complex transducing the signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), responsible for controlling both skeletal development and homeostasis. Gαs, encoded by the GNAS gene in humans, plays critical roles in skeletal development and homeostasis by regulating commitment, differentiation and maturation of skeletal cells. Gαs-mediated signaling interacts with the Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways, both crucial regulators of skeletal development, remodeling and injury repair. Genetic mutations that disrupt Gαs functions cause human disorders with severe skeletal defects, such as fibrous dysplasia of bone and heterotopic bone formation. This chapter focuses on the crucial roles of Gαs signaling during skeletal development and homeostasis, and the pathological mechanisms underlying skeletal diseases caused by GNAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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Wright SC, Cañizal MCA, Benkel T, Simon K, Le Gouill C, Matricon P, Namkung Y, Lukasheva V, König GM, Laporte SA, Carlsson J, Kostenis E, Bouvier M, Schulte G, Hoffmann C. FZD 5 is a Gα q-coupled receptor that exhibits the functional hallmarks of prototypical GPCRs. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/559/eaar5536. [PMID: 30514810 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Frizzleds (FZDs) are a group of seven transmembrane-spanning (7TM) receptors that belong to class F of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. FZDs bind WNT proteins to stimulate diverse signaling cascades involved in embryonic development, stem cell regulation, and adult tissue homeostasis. Frizzled 5 (FZD5) is one of the most studied class F GPCRs that promote the functional inactivation of the β-catenin destruction complex in response to WNTs. However, whether FZDs function as prototypical GPCRs has been heavily debated and, in particular, FZD5 has not been shown to activate heterotrimeric G proteins. Here, we show that FZD5 exhibited a conformational change after the addition of WNT-5A, which is reminiscent of class A and class B GPCR activation. In addition, we performed several live-cell imaging and spectrometric-based approaches, such as dual-color fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (dcFRAP) and resonance energy transfer (RET)-based assays that demonstrated that FZD5 activated Gαq and its downstream effectors upon stimulation with WNT-5A. Together, these findings suggest that FZD5 is a 7TM receptor with a bona fide GPCR activation profile and suggest novel targets for drug discovery in WNT-FZD signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C Wright
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maria Consuelo Alonso Cañizal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Benkel
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Simon
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pierre Matricon
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yoon Namkung
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Viktoria Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stéphane A Laporte
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
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74
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Duan X, Yang S, Zhang L, Yang T. V-ATPases and osteoclasts: ambiguous future of V-ATPases inhibitors in osteoporosis. Theranostics 2018; 8:5379-5399. [PMID: 30555553 PMCID: PMC6276090 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) play a critical role in regulating extracellular acidification of osteoclasts and bone resorption. The deficiencies of subunit a3 and d2 of V-ATPases result in increased bone density in humans and mice. One of the traditional drug design strategies in treating osteoporosis is the use of subunit a3 inhibitor. Recent findings connect subunits H and G1 with decreased bone density. Given the controversial effects of ATPase subunits on bone density, there is a critical need to review the subunits of V-ATPase in osteoclasts and their functions in regulating osteoclasts and bone remodeling. In this review, we comprehensively address the following areas: information about all V-ATPase subunits and their isoforms; summary of V-ATPase subunits associated with human genetic diseases; V-ATPase subunits and osteopetrosis/osteoporosis; screening of all V-ATPase subunits variants in GEFOS data and in-house data; spectrum of V-ATPase subunits during osteoclastogenesis; direct and indirect roles of subunits of V-ATPases in osteoclasts; V-ATPase-associated signaling pathways in osteoclasts; interactions among V-ATPase subunits in osteoclasts; osteoclast-specific V-ATPase inhibitors; perspective of future inhibitors or activators targeting V-ATPase subunits in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tielin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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75
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Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Papapoulos SE. Clinical advantages and disadvantages of anabolic bone therapies targeting the WNT pathway. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:605-623. [PMID: 30181608 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signalling pathway is a key regulator of bone metabolism, particularly bone formation, which has helped to define the role of osteocytes - the most abundant bone cells - as orchestrators of bone remodelling. Several molecules involved in the control of the WNT signalling pathway have been identified as potential targets for the development of bone-building therapeutics for patients with osteoporosis. Several of these molecules have been investigated in animal models, but only inhibitors of sclerostin (which is produced by osteocytes) have been investigated in phase III clinical studies. Here, we review the rationale for these developments and the specificity and potential off-target actions of WNT-based therapeutics. We also describe the available preclinical and clinical studies and discuss the benefits and risks of using sclerostin inhibitors for the management of patients with osteoporosis.
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76
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Boyce BF, Li J, Xing L, Yao Z. Bone Remodeling and the Role of TRAF3 in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2263. [PMID: 30323820 PMCID: PMC6172306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal health is maintained by bone remodeling, a process in which microscopic sites of effete or damaged bone are degraded on bone surfaces by osteoclasts and subsequently replaced by new bone, which is laid down by osteoblasts. This normal process can be disturbed in a variety of pathologic processes, including localized or generalized inflammation, metabolic and endocrine disorders, primary and metastatic cancers, and during aging as a result of low-grade chronic inflammation. Osteoclast formation and activity are promoted by factors, including cytokines, hormones, growth factors, and free radicals, and require expression of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) by accessory cells in the bone marrow, including osteoblastic and immune cells. Expression of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is required in osteoclast precursors to mediate RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB, which is also necessary for osteoclast formation and activity. TRAF3, in contrast is not required for osteoclast formation, but it limits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation by promoting proteasomal degradation of NF-κB-inducing kinase in a complex with TRAF2 and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAP). TRAF3 also limits osteoclast formation induced by TNF, which mediates inflammation and joint destruction in inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, prevent TRAF3 degradation in osteoclast precursors and inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro. Chloroquine also inhibits bone destruction induced by ovariectomy and parathyroid hormone in mice in vivo. Mice genetically engineered to have TRAF3 deleted in osteoclast precursors and macrophages develop early onset osteoporosis, inflammation in multiple tissues, infections, and tumors, indicating that TRAF3 suppresses inflammation and tumors in myeloid cells. Mice with TRAF3 conditionally deleted in mesenchymal cells also develop early onset osteoporosis due to a combination of increased osteoclast formation and reduced osteoblast formation. TRAF3 protein levels decrease in bone and bone marrow during aging in mice and humans. Development of drugs to prevent TRAF3 degradation in immune and bone cells could be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or reduce bone loss and the incidence of several common diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F. Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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77
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Li Q, Li C, Xi S, Li X, Ding L, Li M. The effects of photobiomodulation therapy on mouse pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 proliferation and apoptosis via miR-503/Wnt3a pathway. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:607-614. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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78
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The origin of GSKIP, a multifaceted regulatory factor in the mammalian Wnt pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1046-1059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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79
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Schulte G, Wright SC. Frizzleds as GPCRs - More Conventional Than We Thought! Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:828-842. [PMID: 30049420 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
For more than 30 years, WNT/β-catenin and planar cell polarity signaling has formed the basis for what we understand to be the primary output of the interaction between WNTs and their cognate receptors known as Frizzleds (FZDs). In the shadow of these pathways, evidence for the involvement of heterotrimeric G proteins in WNT signaling has grown substantially over the years - redefining the complexity of the WNT signaling network. Moreover, the distinct characteristics of FZD paralogs are becoming better understood, and we can now apply concepts valid for classical GPCRs to grasp FZDs as molecular machines at the interface of ligand binding and intracellular effects. This review discusses recent developments in the field of WNT/FZD signaling in the context of GPCR pharmacology, and identifies remaining mysteries with an emphasis on structural and kinetic components that support this dogma shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum 6D, Tomtebodavägen 16, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shane C Wright
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum 6D, Tomtebodavägen 16, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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80
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Li L, Wang Y, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Lin J, Qiu X, Gui Y, Wang F, Li D, Wang L. Heterozygous deletion of LRP5 gene in mice alters profile of immune cells and modulates differentiation of osteoblasts. Biosci Trends 2018; 12:266-274. [PMID: 29899194 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal homeostasis is dynamically influenced by the immune system. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-5 (LRP5) is a co-receptor of the Wnt signaling pathway, which modulates bone metabolism in humans and mice. Immune disorders can lead to abnormal bone metabolism. It is unclear whether and how LRP5 alters the balance of the immune system to modulate bone homeostasis. In this study, we used primary osteoblast to detect the differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro, the immune cells of spleen and bone marrow of 6-month old LRP5 heterozygote (HZ) and wild-type (WT) mice were analyzed by Flow cytometry. We found that LRP5+/- could influence the differentiation of osteoblasts by decreasing the mRNA level of Osterix, and increasing the mRNA level of Runx2 and the ratio of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG). In the LRP5+/- mice, percentages of NK cells, CD3e+ cells, and CD8a+ T cells were increased in both spleen and bone marrow, and percentages of CD106+ cells and CD11c+ cells were increased in spleen while decreased in bone marrow, conversely, CD62L+ cells were decreased in spleen while increased in bone marrow compared to the WT mice. Percentages of CD4+ cells, CD14+ cells, and CD254+ cells were increased in the spleen, and CTLA4+ cells were increased in the bone marrow of the LRP5+/- mice. The mRNA level of Wnt signaling molecules such as β-catenin, and c-myc were decreased and APC was increased in spleen lymphocytes and bone marrow lymphocytes, and the mRNA level of Wnt3a was decreased in spleen lymphocytes while no change in bone marrow lymphocytes was seen with silencing LRP5 by specific small interfering RNA. In conclusion, heterozygous deletion of the LRP5 gene in mice could alter the profile of the immune cells, influence the balance of immune environment, and modulate bone homeostasis, which might present a potential mechanism to explore the Wnt signaling pathway in the modulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Yan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Na Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Yang Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jing Lin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Yuyan Gui
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Feifei Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Dajin Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases.,Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
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81
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Zhang L, Bao D, Li P, Lu Z, Pang L, Chen Z, Guo H, Gao Z, Jin Q. Particle-induced SIRT1 downregulation promotes osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis through ER stress regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:300-306. [PMID: 29775898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) downregulation has been found to be induced by wear particles in aseptic prosthesis loosening (APL). Osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activation are the main pathological factors associated with APL. However, whether SIRT1 downregulation contributes to the formation and activation of osteoclasts through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is unclear. METHODS To address this, an osteolysis mouse model was used in which animals were treated with the SIRT1 activator, resveratrol (RES), or an ER stress inhibitor, 4-PBA, for two weeks. Osteolysis, osteoclastogenesis, and morphologic alteration of calvariae were observed by toluidine blue, TRAP, and H&E staining. SIRT1 expression and ER stress were evaluated by western blot analysis. In vitro, mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were treated with polyethylene (PE) particles alone or combined with either RES or 4-PBA, and SIRT1 expression and ER stress were measured using western blot assays. Osteoclast differentiation was determined through TRAP staining. Osteoclast activation was evaluated by culturing osteoclast cells on bone slices followed by toluidine blue staining. Mechanistically, osteoclastogenesis-related MAPK activation, NFATc1 and c-Fos expression, and NF-κB translocation were determined. RESULTS Both in vivo and in vitro experimental results indicated that PE particles induced SIRT1 downregulation and enhanced ER stress. SIRT1 activator RES and ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA significantly suppressed PE particle-induced osteoclast differentiation and osteolysis. In vitro experimental results showed that 4-PBA suppressed PE particle-induced ERK1/2, p38, and JNK activation, NFATc1 and c-Fos upregulation, as well as NF-κB p65 nucleus translocation. CONCLUSIONS PE particle-induced downregulation of SIRT1 enhances ER stress and promotes osteoclast proliferation and bone resorption through regulation of c-Fos, NFATc1, and the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Dongmei Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhidong Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Long Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhirong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Haohui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Qunhua Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
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82
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Ramaswamy G, Fong J, Brewer N, Kim H, Zhang D, Choi Y, Kaplan FS, Shore EM. Ablation of Gsα signaling in osteoclast progenitor cells adversely affects skeletal bone maintenance. Bone 2018; 109:86-90. [PMID: 29183785 PMCID: PMC5866199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gsα, the alpha stimulatory subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins that activates downstream signaling through the adenylyl cyclase and cAMP/PKA pathway, plays an important role in bone development and remodeling. The role of Gsα in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation to osteoblasts has been demonstrated in several mouse models of Gsα inactivation. Previously, using mice with heterozygous germline deletion of Gsα (Gnas+/p-), we identified a novel additional role for Gsα in bone remodeling, and showed the importance of Gnas in maintaining bone quality by regulating osteoclast differentiation and function. In this study, we show that postnatal deletion of Gsα (CreERT2;Gnasfl/fl) leads to reduction in trabecular bone quality parameters and increased trabecular osteoclast numbers. Furthermore, mice with deletion of Gsα specifically in cells of the macrophage/osteoclast lineage (LysM-Cre;Gnasfl/fl) showed reduced trabecular bone quality and increased trabecular osteoclasts, but to a reduced extent compared to the CreERT2;Gnasfl/fl global knockout. This demonstrates that while Gsα has a cell autonomous role in osteclasts in regulating bone quality, Gsα expression in other cell types additionally contribute. In both of these mouse models, cortical bone was more subtly affected than trabecular bone. Our results support that Gsα is required postnatally to maintain trabecular bone quality and that Gsα function to maintain trabecular bone is regulated in part through a specific activity in osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Ramaswamy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Fong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niambi Brewer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederick S Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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83
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Farr JN, Weivoda MM, Nicks KM, Fraser DG, Negley BA, Onken JL, Thicke BS, Ruan M, Liu H, Forrest D, Hawse JR, Khosla S, Monroe DG. Osteoprotection Through the Deletion of the Transcription Factor Rorβ in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:720-731. [PMID: 29206307 PMCID: PMC5925424 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a clinical need to identify new molecular targets for the treatment of osteoporosis, particularly those that simultaneously inhibit bone resorption while stimulating bone formation. We have previously shown in overexpression studies that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor β (Rorβ) suppresses in vitro osteoblast differentiation. In addition, the expression of Rorβ is markedly increased in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with aging in both mice and humans. Here we establish a critical role for Rorβ in regulating bone metabolism using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies. We used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing to demonstrate that loss of Rorβ in osteoblasts enhances Wnt signaling, specifically through increased recruitment of β-catenin to T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (Tcf/Lef) DNA binding sites in the promoters of the Wnt target genes Tcf7 and Opg. This resulted in increased osteogenic gene expression and suppressed osteoclast formation through increased osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion in Rorβ-deficient cells. Consistent with our in vitro data, genetic deletion of Rorβ in both female and male mice resulted in preserved bone mass and microarchitecture with advancing age due to increased bone formation with a concomitant decrease in resorption. The improved skeletal phenotype in the Rorβ-/- mice was also associated with increased bone protein levels of TCF7 and OPG. These data demonstrate that loss of Rorβ has beneficial skeletal effects by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption, at least in part through β-catenin-dependent activation of the Wnt pathway. Thus, inhibition of Rorβ represents a novel approach to potentially prevent or reverse osteoporosis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Farr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Megan M Weivoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristy M Nicks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel G Fraser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brittany A Negley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Onken
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brianne S Thicke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ming Ruan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
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84
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Lu J, Yu H, Chen C. Biological properties of calcium phosphate biomaterials for bone repair: a review. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2015-2033. [PMID: 35542623 PMCID: PMC9077253 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the recent advances and various factors affecting the improvement of the biological properties of calcium phosphate for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Lu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University
- Shenzhen 518057
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Shandong University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Huijun Yu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University
- Shenzhen 518057
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Shandong University)
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chuanzhong Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University
- Shenzhen 518057
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
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85
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Sebastian A, Hum NR, Murugesh DK, Hatsell S, Economides AN, Loots GG. Wnt co-receptors Lrp5 and Lrp6 differentially mediate Wnt3a signaling in osteoblasts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188264. [PMID: 29176883 PMCID: PMC5703471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt3a is a major regulator of bone metabolism however, very few of its target genes are known in bone. Wnt3a preferentially signals through transmembrane receptors Frizzled and co-receptors Lrp5/6 to activate the canonical signaling pathway. Previous studies have shown that the canonical Wnt co-receptors Lrp5 and Lrp6 also play an essential role in normal postnatal bone homeostasis, yet, very little is known about specific contributions by these co-receptors in Wnt3a-dependent signaling. We used high-throughput sequencing technology to identify target genes regulated by Wnt3a in osteoblasts and to elucidate the role of Lrp5 and Lrp6 in mediating Wnt3a signaling. Our study identified 782 genes regulated by Wnt3a in primary calvarial osteoblasts. Wnt3a up-regulated the expression of several key regulators of osteoblast proliferation/ early stages of differentiation while inhibiting genes expressed in later stages of osteoblastogenesis. We also found that Lrp6 is the key mediator of Wnt3a signaling in osteoblasts and Lrp5 played a less significant role in mediating Wnt3a signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimy Sebastian
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, United States of America
- UC Merced, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas R. Hum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, United States of America
- UC Merced, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, CA, United States of America
| | - Deepa K. Murugesh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Hatsell
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Gabriela G. Loots
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, United States of America
- UC Merced, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nishihara S, Ikeda M, Ozawa H, Akiyama M, Yamaguchi S, Nakahama KI. Role of cAMP in phenotypic changes of osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:941-946. [PMID: 29170126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is precisely controlled by bone formation and bone resorption, and osteoblasts are responsible for both processes. Osteoblasts exhibit an osteoclastogenic phenotype in response to elevated intracellular cyclic AMP [cAMP]i levels. However, the role of cAMP in osteoblasts acquiring an osteogenic phenotype is controversial. To elucidate the effect of cAMP on both phenotypes, an osteoblast-like cell line, TMS-12, was established in our laboratory and used in this study. Dibutyryl-cAMP (dBcAMP), a cAMP analogue, inhibited mineralization in TMS-12 cells and MC3T3E1 cells (an osteoblast-like cell line) but promoted osteoclast-supporting activity in TMS-12 cells. Moreover, mineralization was inhibited in glucagon receptor-transduced TMS-12 cells (TMS-12GCGR) after glucagon treatment to increase endogenous [cAMP]i levels. However, the osteoclast-supporting activity of TMS-12GCGR cells was stimulated by glucagon treatment. These cAMP-induced phenotypic changes of osteoblasts were also supported by their gene expression profile. These results suggest that [cAMP]i is an important factor mediating phenotypic changes of osteoblasts. Our findings may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms that underlie bone remodeling in both, healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syun Nishihara
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mami Ikeda
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masako Akiyama
- Research Administration Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakahama
- Department of Cellular Physiological Chemistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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87
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Cheng J, Zheng J, Guo N, Zi F. I‑BET151 inhibits osteoclastogenesis via the RANKL signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8406-8412. [PMID: 28983590 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts may lead to the risk of various lytic bone diseases. In the present study, the effects of I‑BET151, a bromodomain and extra terminal domain protein inhibitor, on osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells and the underlying mechanism of this process was investigated. Cells were divided into 6 groups, including the control group, receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand (RANKL) group and 4 other groups containing RANKL and I‑BET151 at different concentrations. Tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) staining was used to observe the effect of I‑BET151 on osteoclastogenesis and the number of TRACP positive multinucleated cells was calculated. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF6), nuclear factor of activated T‑cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATcl), transcription factor p65 (p65), nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‑cells inhibitor‑α (IκB‑α), extracellular signal‑regulated kinase, Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. mRNA expression levels of osteoclast specific genes TRACP, matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP9), cathepsin K (CtsK) and proto‑oncogene tyrosine‑protein kinase Src (c‑Src) were measured using the reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). TRACP staining results demonstrated that I‑BET151 inhibited osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL and the inhibition was dose dependent. TRACP multinucleated positive cells were significantly decreased when treated with I‑BET151 compared with the RANKL group. The inhibitory effect on TRAF6 was significant when concentrations of 100 and 200 nM I‑BET151 were used, and NFATcl was significantly inhibited when a concentration of 200 nM was used compared with the RANKL group, in a dose-dependent manner. Nuclear translocation of p65 was significantly inhibited by I‑BET151 at all concentrations. The degradation of IκB‑α, and phosphorylation of JNK and p38 were also significantly inhibited by I‑BET151, with the exception of the expression of IκB‑α following treatment with 50 nM I‑BET151. The RT‑qPCR results revealed that osteoclast‑specific genes TRACP, MMP9, CtsK and c‑Src were all dose‑dependently inhibited by I‑BET151, except for CtsK. In conclusion, I‑BET151 may significantly suppress the osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells via the RANKL signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jifu Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ninghong Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fuming Zi
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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88
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Martineau X, Abed É, Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP, Lajeunesse D. Alteration of Wnt5a expression and of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP and Wnt/PKC-Ca2+ pathways in human osteoarthritis osteoblasts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180711. [PMID: 28777797 PMCID: PMC5544184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Clinical and in vitro studies suggest that subchondral bone sclerosis due to abnormal osteoblasts (Ob) is involved in the progression and/or onset of osteoarthritis (OA). Human Ob isolated from sclerotic subchondral OA bone tissue show an altered phenotype, a decreased canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (cWnt), and a reduced mineralization in vitro. In addition to the cWnt pathway, at least two non-canonical signaling pathways, the Wnt/PKC and Wnt/PCP pathway have been described. However, there are no reports of either pathway in OA Ob. Here, we studied the two non-canonical pathways in OA Ob and if they influence their phenotype. Methods Human primary subchondral Ob were isolated from the subchondral bone plate of tibial plateaus of OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, or of normal individuals at autopsy. The expression of genes involved in non-canonical Wnt signaling was evaluated by qRT-PCR and their protein production by Western blot analysis. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin secretion (OC) were determined with substrate hydrolysis and EIA, respectively. Mineralization levels were evaluated with Alizarin Red Staining, Wnt/PKC and Wnt/PCP pathways by target gene expression and their respective activity using the NFAT and AP-1 luciferase reporter assays. Results OA Ob showed an altered phenotype as illustrated by an increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin release compared to normal Ob. The expression of the non-canonical Wnt5a ligand was increased in OA Ob compared to normal. Whereas, the expression of LGR5 was significantly increased in OA Ob compared to normal Ob, the expression of LGR4 was similar. Wnt5a directly stimulated the expression and production of LGR5, contrasting, Wnt5a did not stimulate the expression of LGR4. Wnt5a also stimulated the phosphorylation of both JNK and PKC, as well as the activity of both NFAT and AP-1 transcription factors. The inhibition of Wnt5a expression partially corrects the abnormal mineralization, OC secretion and ALPase activity of OA Ob. Conclusion These data indicate that the alteration of Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt signaling activator, is implicated in the modified signalisation and phenotype observed in OA Ob.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Martineau
- Unité de recherche en Arthrose, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Élie Abed
- Unité de recherche en Arthrose, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Unité de recherche en Arthrose, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Unité de recherche en Arthrose, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Lajeunesse
- Unité de recherche en Arthrose, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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89
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Amirhosseini M, Andersson G, Aspenberg P, Fahlgren A. Mechanical instability and titanium particles induce similar transcriptomic changes in a rat model for periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening. Bone Rep 2017; 7:17-25. [PMID: 28795083 PMCID: PMC5544474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wear debris particles released from prosthetic bearing surfaces and mechanical instability of implants are two main causes of periprosthetic osteolysis. While particle-induced loosening has been studied extensively, mechanisms through which mechanical factors lead to implant loosening have been less investigated. This study compares the transcriptional profiles associated with osteolysis in a rat model for aseptic loosening, induced by either mechanical instability or titanium particles. Rats were exposed to mechanical instability or titanium particles. After 15 min, 3, 48 or 120 h from start of the stimulation, gene expression changes in periprosthetic bone tissue was determined by microarray analysis. Microarray data were analyzed by PANTHER Gene List Analysis tool and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Both types of osteolytic stimulation led to gene regulation in comparison to unstimulated controls after 3, 48 or 120 h. However, when mechanical instability was compared to titanium particles, no gene showed a statistically significant difference (fold change ≥ ± 1.5 and adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05) at any time point. There was a remarkable similarity in numbers and functional classification of regulated genes. Pathway analysis showed several inflammatory pathways activated by both stimuli, including Acute Phase Response signaling, IL-6 signaling and Oncostatin M signaling. Quantitative PCR confirmed the changes in expression of key genes involved in osteolysis observed by global transcriptomics. Inflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (Ptgs)2 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) showed strong upregulation, as assessed by both microarray and qPCR. By investigating genome-wide expression changes we show that, despite the different nature of mechanical implant instability and titanium particles, osteolysis seems to be induced through similar biological and signaling pathways in this rat model for aseptic loosening. Pathways associated to the innate inflammatory response appear to be a major driver for osteolysis. Our findings implicate early restriction of inflammation to be critical to prevent or mitigate osteolysis and aseptic loosening of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Amirhosseini
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Per Aspenberg
- Orthopedics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Fahlgren
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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90
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Perfluoroalkyl substances in human bone: concentrations in bones and effects on bone cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6841. [PMID: 28754927 PMCID: PMC5533791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including two most commonly studied compounds perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are widely distributed environmental pollutants, used extensively earlier. Due to their toxicological effects the use of PFAS is now regulated. Based on earlier studies on PFOA’s distribution in bone and bone marrow in mice, we investigated PFAS levels and their possible link to bone microarchitecture of human femoral bone samples (n = 18). Soft tissue and bone biopsies were also taken from a 49-year old female cadaver for PFAS analyses. We also studied how PFOA exposure affects differentiation of human osteoblasts and osteoclasts. PFAS were detectable from all dry bone and bone marrow samples, PFOS and PFOA being the most prominent. In cadaver biopsies, lungs and liver contained the highest concentrations of PFAS, whereas PFAS were absent in bone marrow. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was present in the bones, PFOA and PFOS were absent. In vitro results showed no disturbance in osteogenic differentiation after PFOA exposure, but in osteoclasts, lower concentrations led to increased resorption, which eventually dropped to zero after increase in PFOA concentration. In conclusion, PFAS are present in bone and have the potential to affect human bone cells partly at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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91
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Joeng KS, Lee YC, Lim J, Chen Y, Jiang MM, Munivez E, Ambrose C, Lee BH. Osteocyte-specific WNT1 regulates osteoblast function during bone homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2017. [PMID: 28628032 DOI: 10.1172/jci92617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in WNT1 cause osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and early-onset osteoporosis, identifying it as a key Wnt ligand in human bone homeostasis. However, how and where WNT1 acts in bone are unclear. To address this mechanism, we generated late-osteoblast-specific and osteocyte-specific WNT1 loss- and gain-of-function mouse models. Deletion of Wnt1 in osteocytes resulted in low bone mass with spontaneous fractures similar to that observed in OI patients. Conversely, Wnt1 overexpression from osteocytes stimulated bone formation by increasing osteoblast number and activity, which was due in part to activation of mTORC1 signaling. While antiresorptive therapy is the mainstay of OI treatment, it has limited efficacy in WNT1-related OI. In this study, anti-sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) treatment effectively improved bone mass and dramatically decreased fracture rate in swaying mice, a model of global Wnt1 loss. Collectively, our data suggest that WNT1-related OI and osteoporosis are caused in part by decreased mTORC1-dependent osteoblast function resulting from loss of WNT1 signaling in osteocytes. As such, this work identifies an anabolic function of osteocytes as a source of Wnt in bone development and homoeostasis, complementing their known function as targets of Wnt signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis. Finally, this study suggests that Scl-Ab is an effective genotype-specific treatment option for WNT1-related OI and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Joeng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joohyun Lim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine Ambrose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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92
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Dernowsek JA, Pereira MC, Fornari TA, Macedo C, Assis AF, Donate PB, Bombonato-Prado KF, Passos-Bueno MR, Passos GA. Posttranscriptional Interaction Between miR-450a-5p and miR-28-5p and STAT1 mRNA Triggers Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4045-4062. [PMID: 28407302 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the interaction between miR-450a-5p and miR-28-5p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) mRNA correlates with the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (shed cells). STAT1 negatively regulates runx-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), which is an essential transcription factor in this process. However, the elements that trigger osteoblastic differentiation and therefore pause the inhibitory effect of STAT1 need investigation. Usually, STAT1 can be posttranscriptionally regulated by miRNAs. To test this, we used an in vitro model system in which shed cells were chemically induced toward osteoblastic differentiation and temporally analyzed, comparing undifferentiated cells with their counterparts in the early (2 days) or late (7 or 21 days) periods of induction. The definition of the entire functional genome expression signature demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of a large set of mRNAs and miRNAs changes during this process. Interestingly, STAT1 and RUNX2 mRNAs feature contrasting expression levels during the course of differentiation. While undifferentiated or early differentiating cells express high levels of STAT1 mRNA, which was gradually downregulated, RUNX2 mRNA was upregulated toward differentiation. The reconstruction of miRNA-mRNA interaction networks allowed the identification of six miRNAs (miR-17-3p, miR-28-5p, miR-29b, miR-29c-5p, miR-145-3p, and miR-450a-5p), and we predicted their respective targets, from which we focused on miR-450a-5p and miR-28-5p STAT1 mRNA interactions, whose intracellular occurrence was validated through the luciferase assay. Transfections of undifferentiated shed cells with miR-450a-5p or miR-28-5p mimics or with miR-450a-5p or miR-28-5p antagonists demonstrated that these miRNAs might play a role as posttranscriptional controllers of STAT1 mRNA during osteoblastic differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4045-4062, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína A Dernowsek
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena C Pereira
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís A Fornari
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Macedo
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda F Assis
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula B Donate
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina F Bombonato-Prado
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A Passos
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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93
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Gao H, Zhai M, Wang P, Zhang X, Cai J, Chen X, Shen G, Luo E, Jing D. Low-level mechanical vibration enhances osteoblastogenesis via a canonical Wnt signaling-associated mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:317-324. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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94
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Gsα Controls Cortical Bone Quality by Regulating Osteoclast Differentiation via cAMP/PKA and β-Catenin Pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45140. [PMID: 28338087 PMCID: PMC5364530 DOI: 10.1038/srep45140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal bone formation and maintenance requires coordinate functions of several cell types, including bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. Gsα, the stimulatory subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins, activates downstream signaling through cAMP and plays important roles in skeletal development by regulating osteoblast differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that Gsα signaling also regulates osteoclast differentiation during bone modeling and remodeling. Gnas, the gene encoding Gsα, is imprinted. Mice with paternal allele deletion of Gnas (Gnas+/p-) have defects in cortical bone quality and strength during early development (bone modeling) that persist during adult bone remodeling. Reduced bone quality in Gnas+/p- mice was associated with increased endosteal osteoclast numbers, with no significant effects on osteoblast number and function. Osteoclast differentiation and resorption activity was enhanced in Gnas+/p- cells. During differentiation, Gnas+/p- cells showed diminished pCREB, β-catenin and cyclin D1, and enhanced Nfatc1 levels, conditions favoring osteoclastogenesis. Forskolin treatment increased pCREB and rescued osteoclast differentiation in Gnas+/p- by reducing Nfatc1 levels. Cortical bone of Gnas+/p- mice showed elevated expression of Wnt inhibitors sclerostin and Sfrp4 consistent with reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our data identify a new role for Gsα signaling in maintaining bone quality by regulating osteoclast differentiation and function through cAMP/PKA and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
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95
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Krzeszinski JY, Schwaid AG, Cheng WY, Jin Z, Gallegos ZR, Saghatelian A, Wan Y. Lipid Osteoclastokines Regulate Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Endocrinology 2017; 158:477-489. [PMID: 27967239 PMCID: PMC5460780 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a deadly consequence of cancers, in which osteoclast forms a vicious cycle with tumor cells. Bone metastasis attenuation by clinical usage of osteoclast inhibitors and in our osteopetrotic mouse genetic models with β-catenin constitutive activation or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ deficiency fully support the important role of osteoclast in driving the bone metastatic niche. However, the mechanisms for this "partnership in crime" are underexplored. Here we show that osteoclasts reprogram their lipid secretion to support cancer cells. Metabolomic profiling reveals elevated prometastatic arachidonic acid (AA) but reduced antimetastatic lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs). This shift in lipid osteoclastokines synergistically stimulates tumor cell proliferation, migration, survival, and expression of prometastatic genes. Pharmacologically, combined treatment with LPCs and BW-755C, an inhibitor of AA signaling via blocking lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, impedes breast cancer bone metastasis. Our findings elucidate key paracrine mechanisms for the osteoclast-cancer vicious cycle and uncover important therapeutic targets for bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam G. Schwaid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and
| | | | | | - Zachary R. Gallegos
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Simmons Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390;
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories of Peptide Biology and Helmsley Center for Genomic Medicine, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Simmons Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390;
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96
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Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an essential role in osteoblast biology. Sclerostin is a soluble antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling secreted primarily by osteocytes. Current evidence indicates that sclerostin likely functions as a local/paracrine regulator of bone metabolism rather than as an endocrine hormone. Nonetheless, circulating sclerostin levels in humans often reflect changes in the bone microenvironment, although there may be exceptions to this observation. Using existing assays, circulating sclerostin levels have been shown to be altered in response to both hormonal stimuli and across a variety of normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In both rodents and humans, parathyroid hormone provided either intermittently or continuously suppresses sclerostin levels. Likewise, most evidence from both human and animal studies supports a suppressive effect of estrogen on sclerostin levels. Efforts to examine non-hormonal/systemic regulation of sclerostin have in general shown less consistent findings or have provided associations rather than direct interventional information, with the exception of mechanosensory studies which have consistently demonstrated increased sclerostin levels with skeletal unloading, and conversely decreases in sclerostin with enhanced skeletal loading. Herein, we will review the existent literature on both hormonal and non-hormonal/systemic factors which have been studied for their impact on sclerostin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Drake
- Department of Endocrinology, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Department of Endocrinology, Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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97
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Ruiz P, Martin-Millan M, Gonzalez-Martin MC, Almeida M, González-Macias J, Ros MA. CathepsinKCre mediated deletion of βcatenin results in dramatic loss of bone mass by targeting both osteoclasts and osteoblastic cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36201. [PMID: 27804995 PMCID: PMC5090355 DOI: 10.1038/srep36201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that activation of Wnt/βcatenin signaling in the osteoblast lineage leads to an increase in bone mass through a dual mechanism: increased osteoblastogenesis and decreased osteoclastogenesis. However, the effect of this pathway on the osteoclast lineage has been less explored. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of Wnt/βcatenin signaling in mature osteoclasts by generating mice lacking βcatenin in CathepsinK-expressing cells (Ctnnb1f/f;CtsKCre mice). These mice developed a severe low-bone-mass phenotype with onset in the second month and in correlation with an excessive number of osteoclasts, detected by TRAP staining and histomorphometric quantification. We found that WNT3A, through the canonical pathway, promoted osteoclast apoptosis and therefore attenuated the number of M-CSF and RANKL-derived osteoclasts in vitro. This reveals a cell-autonomous effect of Wnt/βcatenin signaling in controlling the life span of mature osteoclasts. Furthermore, bone Opg expression in Ctnnb1f/f;CtsKCre mice was dramatically decreased pointing to an additional external activation of osteoclasts. Accordingly, expression of CathepsinK was detected in TRAP-negative cells of the inner periosteal layer also expressing Col1. Our results indicate that the bone phenotype of Ctnnb1f/f;CtsKCre animals combines a cell-autonomous effect in the mature osteoclast with indirect effects due to the additional targeting of osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n. 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Martin-Millan
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n. 39011 Santander, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, HUMV, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - M C Gonzalez-Martin
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-SODERCAN-Universidad de Cantabria). Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Almeida
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jesús González-Macias
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n. 39011 Santander, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, HUMV, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Cantabria, Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n. 39011 Santander, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Avenida de Valdecilla, s/n. Santander 39008, Spain
| | - Maria A Ros
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-SODERCAN-Universidad de Cantabria). Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Cardenal Herrera Oria, s/n. 39011 Santander, Spain
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98
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Baschant U, Henneicke H, Hofbauer LC, Rauner M. Sclerostin Blockade-A Dual Mode of Action After All? J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1787-1790. [PMID: 27597566 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Baschant
- Department of Medicine 3, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Henneicke
- Department of Medicine 3, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine 3, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine 3, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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99
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Moorer MC, Buo AM, Garcia-Pelagio KP, Stains JP, Bloch RJ. Deficiency of the intermediate filament synemin reduces bone mass in vivo. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C839-C845. [PMID: 27605453 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00218.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While the type IV intermediate filament protein, synemin, has been shown to play a role in striated muscle and neuronal tissue, its presence and function have not been described in skeletal tissue. Here, we report that genetic ablation of synemin in 14-wk-old male mice results in osteopenia that includes a more than 2-fold reduction in the trabecular bone fraction in the distal femur and a reduction in the cross-sectional area at the femoral middiaphysis due to an attendant reduction in both the periosteal and endosteal perimeter. Analysis of serum markers of bone formation and static histomorphometry revealed a statistically significant defect in osteoblast activity and osteoblast number in vivo. Interestingly, primary osteoblasts isolated from synemin-null mice demonstrate markedly enhanced osteogenic capacity with a concomitant reduction in cyclin D1 mRNA expression, which may explain the loss of osteoblast number observed in vivo. In total, these data suggest an important, previously unknown role for synemin in bone physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Moorer
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Atum M Buo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Karla P Garcia-Pelagio
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Robert J Bloch
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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100
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Liu LJ, Xie SX, Chen YT, Xue JL, Zhang CJ, Zhu F. Aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7486-7499. [PMID: 27672271 PMCID: PMC5011664 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i33.7486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world. Several signaling pathways, including the wingless/int-1 (Wnt) signaling pathway, have been shown to be commonly activated in HCC. The Wnt signaling pathway can be triggered via both catenin β1 (CTNNB1)-dependent (also known as “canonical”) and CTNNB1-independent (often referred to as “non-canonical”) pathways. Specifically, the canonical Wnt pathway is one of those most frequently reported in HCC. Aberrant regulation from three complexes (the cell-surface receptor complex, the cytoplasmic destruction complex and the nuclear CTNNB1/T-cell-specific transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor transcriptional complex) are all involved in HCC. Although the non-canonical Wnt pathway is rarely reported, two main non-canonical pathways, Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway and Wnt/Ca2+ pathway, participate in the regulation of hepatocarcinogenesis. Interestingly, the canonical Wnt pathway is antagonized by non-canonical Wnt signaling in HCC. Moreover, other signaling cascades have also been demonstrated to regulate the Wnt pathway through crosstalk in HCC pathogenesis. This review provides a perspective on the emerging evidence that the aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling is a critical mechanism for the development of HCC. Furthermore, crosstalk between different signaling pathways might be conducive to the development of novel molecular targets of HCC.
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