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Huang L, Wang X, Cao H, Li L, Chow DHK, Tian L, Wu H, Zhang J, Wang N, Zheng L, Yao X, Yang Z, Qin L. A bone-targeting delivery system carrying osteogenic phytomolecule icaritin prevents osteoporosis in mice. Biomaterials 2018; 182:58-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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52
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Hu B, Sun X, Yang Y, Ying Z, Meng J, Zhou C, Jiang G, Li S, Wu F, Zhao X, Zhu H, Wu H, Cai X, Shi Z, Yan S. Tomatidine suppresses osteoclastogenesis and mitigates estrogen deficiency-induced bone mass loss by modulating TRAF6-mediated signaling. FASEB J 2018; 33:2574-2586. [PMID: 30285579 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800920r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is initiated by estrogen withdrawal and is characterized mainly by overactivated osteoclastic bone resorption. Targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) or its downstream signaling pathways to modulate osteoclast formation and function is an appealing strategy for osteoclast-related disorders. In the present study, we determined the effect of tomatidine, a steroidal alkaloid derived from Solanaceae, on the formation and function of receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand-induced osteoclasts and the underlying mechanism. Tomatidine inhibited osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner and decreased the expression of osteoclast marker genes. Actin ring formation and osteoclastic bone resorption were attenuated in the presence of tomatidine in vitro. Eight weeks after ovariectomy, tomatidine prevented estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss and restored the mechanical properties of the femur. At the molecular level, tomatidine abrogated phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38, NF-κB, and protein kinase B (Akt) pathway proteins by suppressing RANK expression, inhibiting the binding of TRAF6 to RANK, and downregulating the osteoclastogenesis marker-related protein expression. In summary, these data demonstrated that tomatidine attenuated osteoclast formation and function by modulating multiple TRAF6-mediated pathways. Therefore, tomatidine could be a novel candidate for the treatment of osteoclast-related disorders, including osteoporosis.-Hu, B., Sun, X., Yang, Y., Ying, Z., Meng, J., Zhou, C., Jiang, G., Li, S., Wu, F., Zhao, X., Zhu, H., Wu, H., Cai, X., Shi, Z., Yan, S. Tomatidine suppresses osteoclastogenesis and mitigates estrogen deficiency-induced bone mass loss by modulating TRAF6-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuewu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yute Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Ying
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Meng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sihao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang University Huzhou Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haobo Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xunzi Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Sirt1/Foxo Axis Plays a Crucial Role in the Mechanisms of Therapeutic Effects of Erzhi Pill in Ovariectomized Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:9210490. [PMID: 30224934 PMCID: PMC6129318 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9210490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background. Erzhi pill (EZP), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) in China.
However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antiosteoporotic effect of EZP on an
ovariectomized rat model of PMOP. We performed the biomarkers of bone metabolism disorder, bone morphology, bone mineral density (BMD),
and bone biomechanics to confirm the successful establishment of the PMOP model. We then investigated the expression of biomarkers related to
the Sirt1/Foxo axis. We also examined microRNA-132 (miR-132), a regulator in the Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) expression.
The bone metabolism disorder, bone morphology, BMD, and bone biomechanics in ovariectomized rats were improved by EZP administration.
The antiosteoporotic effect of EZP was confirmed. We also found that the expressions of Sirt1, Runx2, Foxo1, and Foxo3a were downregulated in
ovariectomized rats, while being then upregulated by EZP administration. And the expression of PPAR-γ
and miR-132 was upregulated in ovariectomized rats and then downregulated by EZP administration. These results provided evidence that
Sirt1/Foxo axis related mechanism may play a crucial role in the therapeutic effects of EZP, indicating that Sirt1/Foxo axis can be considered
as a potential therapeutic target for PMOP in the future.
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Ma X, Liu J, Yang L, Zhang B, Dong Y, Zhao Q. Cynomorium songaricum prevents bone resorption in ovariectomized rats through RANKL/RANK/TRAF6 mediated suppression of PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways. Life Sci 2018; 209:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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55
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Lim RZL, Li L, Yong EL, Chew N. STAT-3 regulation of CXCR4 is necessary for the prenylflavonoid Icaritin to enhance mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1680-1692. [PMID: 29679717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. MSCs derived from osteoporotic subjects demonstrate significant impairment in proliferation, adhesion and chemotaxis, and osteogenic differentiation, leading to reduced functional bone-forming osteoblasts and ultimately nett bone loss and osteoporosis. Epimedium herbs and its active compound Icaritin (ICT) have been used in Chinese ethnopharmacology for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. Using an in-vitro cell culture model, we investigated the benefits of ICT treatment in enhancing MSC proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation, and provide novel data to describe its mechanism of action. ICT enhances MSC proliferation, chemotaxis to stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and osteogenic differentiation through the activation of signal transduction activator transcription factor 3 (STAT-3), with a consequential up-regulation in the expression and activity of cysteine (C)-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). These findings provide a strong basis for future clinical studies to confirm the therapeutic potential of ICT for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Z L Lim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Li
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E L Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - N Chew
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, National University Hospital, Singapore.
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Stattic inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis by suppressing activation of STAT3 and NF-κB pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:136-144. [PMID: 29587202 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tofacitinib, a small molecule JAK inhibitor, has been widely used to reduce inflammation and inhibit progression of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. STAT3, a downstream signaling molecule of JAK, plays a key role in the activation of signaling in response to inflammatory cytokines. Thus, targeting STAT3 may be an inspiring strategy for treating osteoclast-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we first investigated the effects of Stattic, a STAT3 inhibitor, on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Stattic inhibited osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Stattic also suppressed RANKL-induced upregulation of osteoclast-related genes tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, matrix metalloproteinase 9, cathepsin K, RANK, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6, and osteoclast-associated receptor in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, Stattic exhibited an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression at higher dosages. At the molecular level, Stattic inhibited RANKL-induced activation of STAT3 and NF-κB pathways, without significantly affecting MAPK signaling. In addition, Stattic inhibited RANKL-induced expression of osteoclast-related transcription factors c-Fos and NFATc1. Importantly, Stattic also prevented bone loss caused by ovariectomy. Together, our data confirm that Stattic restricts osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by disturbing RANKL-induced STAT3 and NF-κB signaling. Thus, Stattic represents a novel type of osteoclast inhibitor that could be useful for conditions such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Zhao H, Zhao N, Zheng P, Xu X, Liu M, Luo D, Xu H, Ju D. Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis Using Chinese Medicinal Plants: Special Emphasis on Mechanisms of Immune Modulation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6345857. [PMID: 29675436 PMCID: PMC5838472 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6345857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The causes of osteoporosis include endocrine factors, nutritional status, genetic factors, physical factors, and immune factors. Recent osteoimmunology studies demonstrated that the immune system and immune factors play important regulatory roles in the occurrence of osteoporosis, and people should pay more attention to the relationship between immunity and osteoporosis. Immune and bone cells are located in the bone marrow and share numerous regulatory molecules, signaling molecules, and transcription factors. Abnormal activation of the immune system alters the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which results in an imbalance of bone remodeling and osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis is also increasing with the aging of China's population, and traditional Chinese medicine has played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for centuries. Chinese medicinal plants possess unique advantages in the regulation of the immune system and the relationships between osteoporosis and the immune system. In this review, we provide a general overview of Chinese medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, focusing on immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Basic Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Meijie Liu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changping District, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dahong Ju
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
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58
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Accardi F, Toscani D, Costa F, Aversa F, Giuliani N. The Proteasome and Myeloma-Associated Bone Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:210-226. [PMID: 29080972 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone disease is the hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy characterized by osteolytic lesions due to a severe uncoupled and unbalanced bone remodeling with pronounced osteoblast suppression. Bone metastasis is also a frequent complication of solid tumors including advanced breast or prostate cancer. In the past years, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been proved critical in regulating the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are a new class of drugs, currently used in the treatment of MM, that affect both tumor cells and bone microenvironment. Particularly, PIs stimulate osteoblast differentiation by human mesenchymal stromal cells and increase bone regeneration in mice. Interestingly, in vitro data indicate that PIs block MM-induced osteoblast and osteocyte cell death by targeting both apoptosis and autophagy. The preclinical data are supported by the following effects observed in MM patients treated with PIs: increase of bone alkaline phosphatase levels, normalization of the markers of bone turnover, and reduction of the skeletal-related events. Moreover, the histomorphometric data indicate that the treatment with bortezomib stimulates osteoblast formation and maintains osteocyte viability in MM patients. This review updates the evidence on the effects of PIs on bone remodeling and on cancer-induced bone disease while focusing on MM bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Accardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma", Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Costa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma", Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
- Hematology and BMT Center, "Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Parma", Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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59
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Chen S, Zheng L, Zhang J, Wu H, Wang N, Tong W, Xu J, Huang L, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Lin G, Wang X, Qin L. A novel bone targeting delivery system carrying phytomolecule icaritin for prevention of steroid-associated osteonecrosis in rats. Bone 2018; 106:52-60. [PMID: 29030232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the effective strategies for prevention of steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) is to inhibit bone resorption and fat formation and promote bone formation at osteonecrotic sensitive skeletal sites. We identified a novel phytomolecule that showed positive effects on osteogenesis, anti-bone resorption and anti-adipogenesis in vitro and also developed a bone-targeting delivery system (BTDS) for in vivo experimental study. The study investigated if our innovative synthesized BTDS carrying this phytomolecule would be able to effectively prevent SAON in a rat model. SAON was induced by combined injections of lipopolysaccharide and methylprednisolone. SAON rats were divided into four groups, one SAON untreated control group and three SAON treatment groups with different types of delivery systems (Asp8-liposome-icaritin, liposome-icaritin and Asp8-liposome) for two weeks. SAON lesions were identified and osteoclasts activity, osteogenesis and adipogenesis at these sites were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Ex vitro study was also designed to evaluate the osteogenic and adipogenic potential of the isolated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) via real-time PCR and histochemical staining. Our results showed that as a bone surface-specific BTDS, Asp8-liposome-icaritin effectively prevented steroids-treated rats from SAON with significantly decreased osteocytes apoptosis, down-regulated osteoclatsogenesis and up-regulated osteogenesis. However, both liposome-icaritin and Asp8-liposome treatment did not show significant efficacy for SAON prevention. In summary, this proof-concept-study showed for the first time that the innovative Asp8-liposome-icaritin BTDS was effective for prevention of SAON in terms of bone resorption prevention, adipogenesis suppression, and bone-formation enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.; Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiayong Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Heng Wu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Wenxue Tong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Le Huang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xinluan Wang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.; Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China..
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.; Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China..
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60
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Lim R, Li L, Chew N, Yong EL. The prenylflavonoid Icaritin enhances osteoblast proliferation and function by signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT-3) regulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression. Bone 2017; 105:122-133. [PMID: 28863947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of a natural prenylflavonoid Icaritin (ICT), on human osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic function. We observed that ICT dose-dependently enhanced osteoblast proliferation by ~15% over a 7day period. This increase in cell proliferation was associated with corresponding increases in osteoblast functions as measured by ALP secretion, intracellular calcium ions influx and calcium deposition. These anabolic effects were associated with a 4-fold increase in CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression. Silencing of CXCR4 protein expression using small interfering RNA reversed ICT-induced increase in cell proliferation, ALP activity and calcium deposition. Interestingly, we observed that ICT dose-dependently increased STAT-3 phosphorylation; and this resulted in increased binding of phosphorylated STAT-3 to the promoter region of the CXCR4 gene, to increase CXCR4 protein expression. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of STAT-3 phosphorylation resulted in a decrease in CXCR4 protein expression; whilst increasing phosphorylation of STAT-3 using a constitutive active STAT-3 vector significantly increased CXCR4 levels. Moreover, the chemical inhibition of STAT-3 phosphorylation annulled our previously observed ICT-induced increases of osteoblast proliferation and function. Finally, in a rat model of estrogen-deficient osteoporosis, ICT restored both osteoblasts numbers and CXCR4 expression. Taken together, both cellular and animal models support the novel findings that ICT; through the phosphorylation of STAT-3, up-regulated CXCR4, to increase osteoblast proliferation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rzl Lim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - L Li
- Department of Medicine, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Chew
- Department of Medicine, National University of, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore.
| | - E L Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Therapeutic Effect of Cistanoside A on Bone Metabolism of Ovariectomized Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020197. [PMID: 28125037 PMCID: PMC6155935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistanoside A (Cis A), an active phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, has received our attention because of its possible role in the treatment of osteoporosis. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Cis A on an ovariectomized (OVX) mice model and investigated its underlying molecular mechanisms of action. After 12 weeks of orally-administrated intervention, Cis A (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight/day) exhibited significant antiosteoporotic effects on OVX mice, evidenced by enhanced bone strength, bone mineral density and improved trabecular bone microarchitecture. Meanwhile, the activities of bone resorption markers, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and cathepsin K, were decreased, and the bioactivity of bone formation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was increased. Mechanistically, Cis A inhibited the expression of TNF-receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), an upstream molecule that is shared by both nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways and subsequently suppressed the levels of receptor activators of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), downregulated the expression of NF-κB and upregulated osteoprotegerin (OPG), PI3K and Akt, which means Cis A possessed antiosteoporotic activity in ovariectomized mice via TRAF6-mediated NF-kappaB inactivation and PI3K/Akt activation. Put together, we present novel findings that Cis A, by downregulating TRAF6, coordinates the inhibition of NF-κB and stimulation of PI3K/Akt pathways to promote bone formation and prevent bone resorption. These data demonstrated the potential of Cis A as a promising agent for the treatment of osteoporosis disease.
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