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Kong Q, Liang Y, He Q, You Y, Wu L, Liang L, Liang J. Autophagy inhibits TLR4-mediated invasiveness of oral cancer cells via the NF-κB pathway. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1165-1174. [PMID: 32291890 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is abnormally expressed in oral cancer tissues and promotes cancer cell invasion. The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism by which autophagy regulates oral cancer invasion through the TLR4-NF-κB pathway. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We examined TLR4 expression in oral cancer tissues and analysed the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological features. The invasion and migration of LPS-stimulated oral cancer cells with up- or downregulation of TLR4 expression was detected in addition to NF-κB signalling and autophagy levels. Furthermore, the role of autophagy in regulating TLR4-mediated cell invasiveness was explored by silencing the expression of key autophagy genes ATG7 and p62. RESULTS We found that TLR4 overexpression was closely related to cervical lymphatic metastasis and poor survival. TLR4 activated the NF-κB pathway to promote the invasiveness of OSCC cells, and autophagy partly inhibited invasiveness by suppressing the NF-κB pathway. We observed that p62 translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus when autophagy was activated by LPS. Finally, silencing p62 further promoted LPS-mediated cell invasiveness. CONCLUSION Toll-like receptor 4 significantly enhanced the invasiveness of OSCC cells. Autophagy may regulate cell invasiveness through the NF-κB pathway by modulating both the cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Kong
- Zhuhai Stomatology Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yancan Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifen He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying You
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifen Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhong Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Lv SW, Shi ZG, Wang XH, Zheng PY, Li HB, Han QJ, Li ZJ. Ribosome Binding Protein 1 Correlates with Prognosis and Cell Proliferation in Bladder Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6699-6707. [PMID: 32764960 PMCID: PMC7367924 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s252043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ribosome binding protein 1 (RRBP1) is reported to be correlated with tumor formation and progression. However, the role of RRBP1 in bladder cancer is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression of RRBP1 and its influence on cell proliferation in bladder cancer. Methods Quantification real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the expression levels of RRBP1 in 138 bladder cancer and matched adjacent normal bladder tissues. Then, the clinical significance of RRBP1 in bladder cancer was evaluated. The effect of RRBP1 on cell proliferation and its potential mechanism were further explored. Results Results show that the mRNA levels of RRBP1 in bladder cancer were significantly higher compared with those in normal tissues (P< 0.001). IHC results show the high-expression rate of RRBP1 in bladder cancer was 68.8%, which was significantly greater than those in normal tissues (40.6%, P< 0.001). RRBP1 high-expression was significantly associated with differentiation, T stage and lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer (P< 0.05). The overall survival time of patients with RRBP1 high-expression was significantly reduced compared to those with RRBP1 low-expression. Moreover, RRBP1 overexpression significantly promoted cell proliferation, which was correlated with Smad1/Smad3/TGF-β1 signal pathway. Conclusion RRBP1 high-expression correlates with prognosis and promotes cell proliferation in bladder cancer, which could be a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Wu Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicineof Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Guo Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicineof Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicineof Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Yi Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicineof Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Bing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicineof Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jiang Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicineof Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicineof Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, People's Republic of China
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Ahmadiankia N. In vitro and in vivo studies of cancer cell behavior under nutrient deprivation. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1588-1597. [PMID: 32339363 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are confronted with nutrient deprivation because of high proliferation rate, especially at the early stage of their development. There is a frequent assumption that nutrient deprivation decreases the basal activity of cancer cells. Contrarily, there are recent evidence suggesting that cancer cells are able to modulate signaling pathways to adapt with new condition and continue their survival. This property of cancer cells is believed to be one of the prerequisites for cancer progression and chemoresistance. Moreover, recent experiments show that serum starvation in vitro as a mimic situation of nutrient deprivation in vivo triggers different signaling pathways leading to changes in cancer cell behavior, which may interfere with experimental results. Considering these facts, a better understanding of the effect of nutrient deprivation on cancer cell behavior will help us to give more accurate conclusions regarding results of in vitro studies and also to develop new strategies to treat different cancers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Huang ML, Qi CL, Zou Y, Yang R, Jiang Y, Sheng JF, Kong YG, Tao ZZ, Chen SM. Plac8-mediated autophagy regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell function via AKT/mTOR pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7778-7788. [PMID: 32468683 PMCID: PMC7348153 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the relationship between autophagy and cell function, we investigated how PLAC8‐mediated autophagy influences proliferation, apoptosis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPC. Colony formation analyses and CCK8 assays were used to assess the proliferative capacity of NPC cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify autophagosomes. Autophagic flux was monitored using the tandem monomeric RFP‐GFP‐tagged LC3 (tfLC3) assay. The rate of apoptosis in NPC cells was analysed by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the activation of autophagy and the signalling status of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Our study reveals that knocking out PLAC8 (koPLAC8) induces autophagy and apoptosis, while suppressing NPC cell proliferation and EMT. However, inhibition of autophagy with 3‐methyladenine or by knocking down Beclin‐1 reverses the cell proliferation, apoptosis and EMT influenced by koPLAC8. We find that koPLAC8 inhibits the phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream target, mTOR. Moreover, immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation reveal complete PLAC8/AKT colocalization and PLAC8/AKT interaction, respectively. Furthermore, knockout of PLAC8 induced autophagy and inactivated AKT/mTOR signalling pathway of NPC xenografts. Overall, our findings demonstrate that koPLAC8 induces autophagy via the AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and EMT, and promoting apoptosis in NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ling Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - You Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Fei Sheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Gang Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Feng H, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Shan B. Leptin acts on mesenchymal stem cells to promote chemoresistance in osteosarcoma cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6340-6351. [PMID: 32289750 PMCID: PMC7185129 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Leptin signaling influences osteoblastogenesis and modulates the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during bone and cartilage regeneration. Although MSCs abound in the osteosarcoma (OS) microenvironment, and leptin exhibits pro-tumorigenic properties, leptin's influence on OS progression and chemoresistant signaling in MSCs remains unclear. Using cell viability and apoptosis assays, we showed that medium conditioned by leptin-treated human MSCs promotes cisplatin resistance in cultured human OS cells. Moreover, GFP-LC3 expression and chloroquine treatment experiments showed that this effect is mediated by stimulation of autophagy in OS cells. TGF-β expression in MSCs was upregulated by leptin and suppressed by leptin receptor knockdown. Silencing TGF-β in MSCs also abolished OS cell chemoresistance induced by leptin-conditioned medium. Cisplatin resistance was also induced when leptin-conditioned MSCs were co-injected with MG-63 OS cells to generate subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. Finally, we observed a significant correlation between autophagy-associated gene expression in OS clinical samples and patient prognosis. We conclude that leptin upregulates TGF-β in MSCs, which promotes autophagy-mediated chemoresistance in OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
- Hebei Province Xingtai People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Workstation, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Hebei Province Xingtai People’s Hospital Postdoctoral Workstation, Xingtai 054031, Hebei, China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
- Research Centre, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
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Zhou HQ, Liu MS, Deng TB, Xie PB, Wang W, Shao T, Wu Y, Zhang P. The TGF-β/Smad Pathway Inhibitor SB431542 Enhances The Antitumor Effect Of Radiofrequency Ablation On Bladder Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7809-7821. [PMID: 31576139 PMCID: PMC6765330 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s212596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite progress achieved in bladder cancer (BC) treatment, the prognosis of patients with advanced BC (ie, metastasized from the bladder to other organs) is poor. Although mortality in cases of low-grade BC is rare, the treatment, such as a radical cystectomy, often has a serious impact on the quality of life. Thus, research is needed to identify more effective treatment strategies and this work is aiming to examine the potential application of combination of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and SB435142, a inhibitor of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/Smad pathway. Methods BC cells were transplanted into nude mice (thymusdeficiency Bal B/c) to form subcutaneous tumors. The mice with subcutaneous tumors were then treated with RFA and oral administration of SB431542, an inhibitor of TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway. The antitumor effect of RFA was measured by tumor proliferation curves and micro-positron emission computed tomography (micro-PET). The effect of SB431542 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related regulators in subcutaneous tumor tissues formed by BC cells were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) experiments. Results The SB431542 treatment enhanced the antitumor effect of RFA on subcutaneous growth of BCs. SB431542 also decreased EMT-related regulators in subcutaneous tumor tissues formed by BC cells in nude mice. Conclusion SB431542 enhances the effect of RFA on BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qing Zhou
- Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Qujing City 655000, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Sheng Liu
- Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Qujing City 655000, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ti-Bin Deng
- Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Qujing City 655000, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Bo Xie
- Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Qujing City 655000, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Qujing City 655000, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shao
- Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Qujing City 655000, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Second Ward of Urology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Qujing City 655000, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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Isorhamnetin Inhibits Liver Fibrosis by Reducing Autophagy and Inhibiting Extracellular Matrix Formation via the TGF- β1/Smad3 and TGF- β1/p38 MAPK Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6175091. [PMID: 31467486 PMCID: PMC6701280 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6175091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Liver fibrosis is a consequence of wound-healing responses to chronic liver insult and may progress to liver cirrhosis if not controlled. This study investigated the protection against liver fibrosis by isorhamnetin. Methods Mouse models of hepatic fibrosis were established by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or bile duct ligation (BDL). Isorhamnetin 10 or 30 mg/kg was administered by gavage 5 days per week for 8 weeks in the CCl4 model and for 2 weeks in the BDL model. Protein and mRNA expressions were assayed by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Isorhamnetin significantly inhibited liver fibrosis in both models, inhibiting hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and autophagy. The effects were associated with downregulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mediation of Smad3 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Conclusion Isorhamnetin protected against liver fibrosis by reducing ECM formation and autophagy via inhibition of TGF-β1-mediated Smad3 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Fan T, Chen Y, He Z, Wang Q, Yang X, Ren Z, Zhang S. Inhibition of ROS/NUPR1-dependent autophagy antagonises repeated cadmium exposure -induced oral squamous cell carcinoma cell migration and invasion. Toxicol Lett 2019; 314:142-152. [PMID: 31319114 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an established carcinogen, is a risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Macroautophagy/autophagy is proposed to play a pivotal role in Cd-mediated carcinogenic activity. However, the mechanisms underlying Cd-induced autophagy are poorly understood. In the present study, a CAL27 OSCC cell line exposed to 10-6 M Cd for 8 weeks was used as a model system. Repeated Cd exposure induced significant migration and invasion of CAL27 cells. Furthermore, we showed that Cd increased the autophagic flux in CAL27 cells, as evidenced by the upregulation of LC3-II and the downregulation of P62/SQSTM1. The genetic blocking of autophagy inhibited Cd-induced migration and invasion, indicating a carcinogenic role of autophagy in Cd-treated CAL27 cells. Cd-induced NUPR1 expression, which contributes to lysosomal biogenesis and expression of autophagy-related gene, was found to mechanistically initiate autophagy in CAL27 cells. Of note, NUPR1 shRNA abolished Cd-induced autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. We also found that Cd triggered the generation of MDA in a xenograft tumour model and that N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, abrogated the effects of Cd on NUPR1-dependent autophagy in vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ROS-dependent NUPR1-mediated autophagy plays an important role in repeated Cd exposure -induced cell growth, migration and invasion in OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanrong Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijing He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhu Ren
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Chen HT, Liu H, Mao MJ, Tan Y, Mo XQ, Meng XJ, Cao MT, Zhong CY, Liu Y, Shan H, Jiang GM. Crosstalk between autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its application in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:101. [PMID: 31126310 PMCID: PMC6533683 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that mediates degradation of pernicious or dysfunctional cellular components, such as invasive pathogens, senescent proteins, and organelles. It can promote or suppress tumor development, so it is a “double-edged sword” in tumors that depends on the cell and tissue types and the stages of tumor. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex biological trans-differentiation process that allows epithelial cells to transiently obtain mesenchymal features, including motility and metastatic potential. EMT is considered as an important contributor to the invasion and metastasis of cancers. Thus, clarifying the crosstalk between autophagy and EMT will provide novel targets for cancer therapy. It was reported that EMT-related signal pathways have an impact on autophagy; conversely, autophagy activation can suppress or strengthen EMT by regulating various signaling pathways. On one hand, autophagy activation provides energy and basic nutrients for EMT during metastatic spreading, which assists cells to survive in stressful environmental and intracellular conditions. On the other hand, autophagy, acting as a cancer-suppressive function, is inclined to hinder metastasis by selectively down-regulating critical transcription factors of EMT in the early phases. Therefore, the inhibition of EMT by autophagy inhibitors or activators might be a novel strategy that provides thought and enlightenment for the treatment of cancer. In this article, we discuss in detail the role of autophagy and EMT in the development of cancers, the regulatory mechanisms between autophagy and EMT, the effects of autophagy inhibition or activation on EMT, and the potential applications in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 2528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Jie Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 2528000, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Qiong Mo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng-Ting Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chu-Yu Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 2528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 2528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 2528000, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang Q, Gao F, Cheng L, Liu L, Sun W, Li Z. [Effects of icariin on autophagy and exosome production of bone microvascular endothelial cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 33:568-577. [PMID: 31090350 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201811009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of icariin on autophagy induced by low-concentration of glucocorticoid and exosome production in bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Methods BMECs were isolated from femoral heads resected in total hip arthroplasty and then intervened with hydrocortisone of low concentration (0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.10 mg/mL), which were set as groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. On the basis of hydrocortisone intervention, 5×10 -5 mol/L of icariin was added to each group (set as groups A1, B1, C1 and D1, respectively). Western blot was used to detect the expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and dead bone slice 1 (p62) after 24 hours. Exosomes were extracted from BMECs treated with icariin (intervention group) and without icariin (non-intervention group), and the diameter and concentration of exosomes were evaluated by nanoparticle tracking analysis technique. The total protein content of exosomes was detected by BCA method, and the expressions of proteins carried by exosomes including CD9, CD81, transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were assessed by Western blot. The BMECs were further divided into three groups: BMECs in the experimental group and the control group were co-cultured with exosomes secreted by BMECs treated with or without icariin, respectively; the blank control group was BMECs without exosome intervention. The three groups were treated with hydrocortisone and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of LC3B and p62. The scratching assay was used to detect cell migration ability; angiogenic ability of BMECs was also assessed. Results With the increase of hydrocortisone concentration, the protein expression of LC3B-Ⅱ increased gradually, and the protein expression of p62 decreased gradually ( P<0.01). Compared with group with same concentration of hydrocortisone, the protein expression of LC3B-Ⅱ decreased and the protein expression of p62 increased after the administration of icariin ( P<0.01). The concentration of exosomes in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the non-intervention group ( t=-10.191, P=0.001); and there was no significant difference in exosome diameter and total protein content between the two groups ( P>0.05). CD9 and CD81 proteins were highly expressed in the non-intervention group and the intervention group, and the relative expression ratios of VEGFA/CD9 and TGF-β 1/CD9 proteins in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the non-intervention group ( P<0.01). After co-culture of exosomes, the protein expression of p62 increased in blank control group, control group, and experimental group, while the protein expression of LC3B-Ⅱ decreased. There were significant differences among groups ( P<0.05). When treated with hydrocortisone for 12 and 24 hours, the scratch closure rate of the control group and experimental group was significantly higher than that of the blank control group ( P<0.05), and the scratch closure rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). When treated with hydrocortisone for 4 and 8 hours, the number of lumens, number of sprouting vessels, and length of tubule branches in the experimental group and the control group were significantly greater than those in the blank control group ( P<0.05); the length of tubule branches and the number of lumens in the experimental group were significantly greater than those in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion Icariin and BMECs-derived exosomes can improve the autophagy of BMECs induced by low concentration of glucocorticoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R.China;Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R.China;Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
| | - Wei Sun
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R.China;Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China;Center for Osteonecrosis and Joint Preserving & Reconstruction, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029,
| | - Zirong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, P.R.China
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Luo P, Xiao Q, Wei PJ, Liao B, Wu FX. Identifying Disease-Gene Associations With Graph-Regularized Manifold Learning. Front Genet 2019; 10:270. [PMID: 31001321 PMCID: PMC6454152 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex diseases are known to be associated with disease genes. Uncovering disease-gene associations is critical for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Computational algorithms which effectively predict candidate disease-gene associations prior to experimental proof can greatly reduce the associated cost and time. Most existing methods are disease-specific which can only predict genes associated with a specific disease at a time. Similarities among diseases are not used during the prediction. Meanwhile, most methods predict new disease genes based on known associations, making them unable to predict disease genes for diseases without known associated genes.In this study, a manifold learning-based method is proposed for predicting disease-gene associations by assuming that the geodesic distance between any disease and its associated genes should be shorter than that of other non-associated disease-gene pairs. The model maps the diseases and genes into a lower dimensional manifold based on the known disease-gene associations, disease similarity and gene similarity to predict new associations in terms of the geodesic distance between disease-gene pairs. In the 3-fold cross-validation experiments, our method achieves scores of 0.882 and 0.854 in terms of the area under of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for diseases with more than one known associated genes and diseases with only one known associated gene, respectively. Further de novo studies on Lung Cancer and Bladder Cancer also show that our model is capable of identifying new disease-gene associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Qianghua Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Pi-Jing Wei
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SKCanada
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Liao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Fang-Xiang Wu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SKCanada
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Colella B, Faienza F, Di Bartolomeo S. EMT Regulation by Autophagy: A New Perspective in Glioblastoma Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030312. [PMID: 30845654 PMCID: PMC6468412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse process MET naturally occur during development and in tissue repair in vertebrates. EMT is also recognized as the crucial event by which cancer cells acquire an invasive phenotype through the activation of specific transcription factors and signalling pathways. Even though glial cells have a mesenchymal phenotype, an EMT-like process tends to exacerbate it during gliomagenesis and progression to more aggressive stages of the disease. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved degradative process that cells use in order to maintain a proper homeostasis, and defects in autophagy have been associated to several pathologies including cancer. Besides modulating cell resistance or sensitivity to therapy, autophagy also affects the migration and invasion capabilities of tumor cells. Despite this evidence, few papers are present in literature about the involvement of autophagy in EMT-like processes in glioblastoma (GBM) so far. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between autophagy and EMT in cancer, with special regard to GBM model. As the invasive behaviour is a hallmark of GBM aggressiveness, defining a new link between autophagy and EMT can open a novel scenario for targeting these processes in future therapeutical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colella
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy.
| | - Fiorella Faienza
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy.
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