51
|
ANGPTL8 regulates adipocytes differentiation and adipogenesis in bovine. Gene 2019; 707:93-99. [PMID: 31048067 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The formation of bovine adipose tissue involves complex developmental and physiological processes that play a vital role in determining the quality of beef; however, the regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) has been reported to be involved in the development of adipose tissue; however, the mechanism of adipogenesis which is regulated by ANGPTL8 has not been revealed in cattle. In this study, RT-qPCR and Oil Red O staining were performed to detect the expression of ANGPTL8 and adipocyte differentiation in bovine. We found that ANGPTL8 had a high expression level in adipose tissue and that the expression pattern was consistent with those of PPARγ, C/EBPα and LPL which are key regulators and transcription factors involved in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. The overexpression of ANGPTL8 by the adenovirus vector promoted lipid droplet formation in adipocytes. Thus, we speculated that ANGPTL8 could significantly enhance lipid deposition. Moreover, the expression of LPL and SREBP1, key genes inhibiting adipogenesis, was significantly decreased by ANGPTL8 overexpression. These results suggested that ANGPTL8 promotes adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, we consider that ANGPTL8 regulates adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis in bovine.
Collapse
|
52
|
Wang N, Li Y, Li Z, Liu C, Xue P. Sal B targets TAZ to facilitate osteogenesis and reduce adipogenesis through MEK-ERK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3683-3695. [PMID: 30907511 PMCID: PMC6484321 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a major bioactive component of Chinese herb, was identified as a mediator for bone metabolism recently. The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which Sal B regulates osteogenesis and adipogenesis. We used MC3T3-E1 and 3T3-L1 as the study model to explore the changes of cell differentiation induced by Sal B. The results indicated that Sal B at different concentrations had no obvious toxicity effects on cell proliferation during differentiation. Furthermore, Sal B facilitated osteogenesis but inhibited adipogenesis by increasing the expression of transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Accordingly, TAZ knock-down offset the effects of Sal B on cell differentiation into osteoblasts or adipocytes. Notably, the Sal B induced up-expression of TAZ was blocked by U0126 (the MEK-ERK inhibitor), rather than LY294002 (the PI3K-Akt inhibitor). Moreover, Sal B increased the p-ERK/ERK ratio to regulate the TAZ expression as well as the cell differentiation. In summary, this study suggests for the first time that Sal B targets TAZ to facilitate osteogenesis and reduce adipogenesis by activating MEK-ERK signalling pathway, which provides evidence for Sal B to be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Medical University, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Medical University, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Medical University, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Medical University, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Medical University, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, PR China.,Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Kim SP, Da H, Li Z, Kushwaha P, Beil C, Mei L, Xiong WC, Wolfgang MJ, Clemens TL, Riddle RC. Lrp4 expression by adipocytes and osteoblasts differentially impacts sclerostin's endocrine effects on body composition and glucose metabolism. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6899-6911. [PMID: 30842262 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin exerts profound local control over bone acquisition and also mediates endocrine communication between fat and bone. In bone, sclerostin's anti-osteoanabolic activity is enhanced by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4), which facilitates its interaction with the Lrp5 and Lrp6 Wnt co-receptors. To determine whether Lrp4 similarly affects sclerostin's endocrine function, we examined body composition as well as glucose and fatty acid metabolism in mice rendered deficient of Lrp4 in the adipocyte (AdΔLrp4) or the osteoblast (ObΔLrp4). AdΔLrp4 mice exhibit a reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy and improved glucose and lipid homeostasis, marked by increased glucose and insulin tolerance and reduced serum fatty acids, and mirror the effect of sclerostin deficiency on whole-body metabolism. Indeed, epistasis studies place adipocyte-expressed Lrp4 and sclerostin in the same genetic cascade that regulates adipocyte function. Intriguingly, ObΔLrp4 mice, which exhibit dramatic increases in serum sclerostin, accumulate body fat and develop impairments in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity despite development of a high bone mass phenotype. These data indicate that expression of Lrp4 by both the adipocyte and osteoblast is required for normal sclerostin endocrine function and that the impact of sclerostin deficiency on adipocyte physiology is distinct from the effect on osteoblast function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Da
- From the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and
| | - Zhu Li
- From the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and
| | | | - Conor Beil
- From the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and
| | - Lin Mei
- the Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- the Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- From the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and.,the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Ryan C Riddle
- From the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and .,the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wang C, Tanjaya J, Shen J, Lee S, Bisht B, Pan HC, Pang S, Zhang Y, Berthiaume EA, Chen E, Da Lio AL, Zhang X, Ting K, Guo S, Soo C. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Knockdown Impairs Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Induced Critical-Size Bone Defect Repair. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:648-664. [PMID: 30593824 PMCID: PMC6412314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration-approved clinical dose (1.5 mg/mL) of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) has been reported to induce significant adverse effects, including cyst-like adipose-infiltrated abnormal bone formation. These undesirable complications occur because of increased adipogenesis, at the expense of osteogenesis, through BMP2-mediated increases in the master regulatory gene for adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Inhibiting PPARγ during osteogenesis has been suggested to drive the differentiation of bone marrow stromal/stem cells toward an osteogenic, rather than an adipogenic, lineage. We demonstrate that knocking down PPARγ while concurrently administering BMP2 can reduce adipogenesis, but we found that it also impairs BMP2-induced osteogenesis and leads to bone nonunion in a mouse femoral segmental defect model. In addition, in vitro studies using the mouse bone marrow stromal cell line M2-10B4 and mouse primary bone marrow stromal cells confirmed that PPARγ knockdown inhibits BMP2-induced adipogenesis; attenuates BMP2-induced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and osteogenesis; and escalates BMP2-induced cell apoptosis. More important, BMP receptor 2 and 1B expression was also significantly inhibited by the combined BMP2 and PPARγ knockdown treatment. These findings indicate that PPARγ is critical for BMP2-mediated osteogenesis during bone repair. Thus, uncoupling BMP2-mediated osteogenesis and adipogenesis using PPARγ inhibition to combat BMP2's adverse effects may not be feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Justine Tanjaya
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jia Shen
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bharti Bisht
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hsin Chuan Pan
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shen Pang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, and Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily A Berthiaume
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric Chen
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew L Da Lio
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kang Ting
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Zheng Z, Hao R, Xiong X, Jiao Y, Deng Y, Du X. Developmental characteristics of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii: insight into key molecular events related to shell formation, settlement and metamorphosis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:122. [PMID: 30736747 PMCID: PMC6368781 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Marine bivalves undergo complex development processes, such as shell morphology conversion and changes of anatomy and life habits. In this study, the transcriptomes of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas at different development stages were analyzed to determine the key molecular events related to shell formation, settlement and metamorphosis. Result According to the shell matrix proteome, biomineralization-related genes exhibited a consensus expression model with the critical stages of shell formation. Differential expression analysis of P. f. martensii, revealed the negative regulation and feedback of extracellular matrixs as well as growth factor pathways involved in shell formation of larvae, similar to that in C. gigas. Furthermore, neuroendocrine pathways in hormone receptors, neurotransmitters and neuropeptide receptors were involved in shell formation, settlement and metamorphosis. Conclusion Our research demonstrated the main clusters of regulation elements related to shell formation, settlement and metamorphosis. The regulation of shell formation and metamorphosis could be coupled forming the neuroendocrine-biomineralization crosstalk in metamorphosis. These findings could provide new insights into the regulation in bivalve development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5505-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zheng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xinwei Xiong
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.,Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China. .,Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China. .,Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Volume expansion and TRPV4 activation regulate stem cell fate in three-dimensional microenvironments. Nat Commun 2019; 10:529. [PMID: 30705265 PMCID: PMC6355972 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in three dimensional matrices, matrix remodeling is associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation. However, the mechanism linking matrix remodeling in 3D to osteogenesis of MSCs remains unclear. Here, we find that MSCs in viscoelastic hydrogels exhibit volume expansion during cell spreading, and greater volume expansion is associated with enhanced osteogenesis. Restriction of expansion by either hydrogels with slow stress relaxation or increased osmotic pressure diminishes osteogenesis, independent of cell morphology. Conversely, induced expansion by hypoosmotic pressure accelerates osteogenesis. Volume expansion is mediated by activation of TRPV4 ion channels, and reciprocal feedback between TRPV4 activation and volume expansion controls nuclear localization of RUNX2, but not YAP, to promote osteogenesis. This work demonstrates the role of cell volume in regulating cell fate in 3D culture, and identifies TRPV4 as a molecular sensor of matrix viscoelasticity that regulates osteogenic differentiation. For mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), matrix remodeling is associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Here authors find that MSCs in viscoelastic hydrogels exhibit volume expansion during cell spreading, and greater volume expansion is associated with enhanced osteogenesis.
Collapse
|
57
|
Terruzzi I, Montesano A, Senesi P, Villa I, Ferraretto A, Bottani M, Vacante F, Spinello A, Bolamperti S, Luzi L, Rubinacci A. L-Carnitine Reduces Oxidative Stress and Promotes Cells Differentiation and Bone Matrix Proteins Expression in Human Osteoblast-Like Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5678548. [PMID: 30800672 PMCID: PMC6360619 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5678548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone fragility and associated fracture risk are major problems in aging. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a key role in the development of bone fragility. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). L-Carnitine (L-C), a fundamental cofactor in lipid metabolism, has an important antioxidant property. Several studies have shown how L-C enhances osteoblastic proliferation and activity. In the current study, we investigated the potential effects of L-C on mitochondrial activity, ROS production, and gene expression involved in osteoblastic differentiation using osteoblast-like cells (hOBs) derived from elderly patients. The effect of 5mM L-C treatment on mitochondrial activity and L-C antioxidant activity was studied by ROS production evaluation and cell-based antioxidant activity assay. The possible effects of L-C on hOBs differentiation were assessed by analyzing gene and protein expression by Real Time PCR and western blotting, respectively. L-C enhanced mitochondrial activity and improved antioxidant defense of hOBs. Furthermore, L-C increased the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Additionally, L-C induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT and the main kinases involved in osteoblastic differentiation and upregulated the expression of osteogenic related genes, RUNX2, osterix (OSX), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN) as well as OPN protein synthesis, suggesting that L-C exerts a positive modulation of key osteogenic factors. In conclusion, L-C supplementation could represent a possible adjuvant in the treatment of bone fragility, counteracting oxidative phenomena and promoting bone quality maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Montesano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pamela Senesi
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Anita Ferraretto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Bottani
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milano, Italy
| | - Fernanda Vacante
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Alice Spinello
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Bolamperti
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan, 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolism Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Mao L, Wang M, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Xue C. Eicosapentaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine promotes osteogenesis:mechanism of up-regulating Runx2 and ERK-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ at serine 112. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
59
|
Hong EP, Rhee KH, Kim DH, Park JW. Identification of pleiotropic genetic variants affecting osteoporosis risk in a Korean elderly cohort. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:43-52. [PMID: 29273888 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotropy has important implications for understanding the genetic basis and risk assessment of osteoporosis. Our aim was to identify pleiotropic genetic variants associated with the development of osteoporosis and predict osteoporosis risk by leveraging pleiotropic variants. We evaluated the effects of 21 conventional risk factors and 185 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 63 inflammation- and metabolism-related genes on osteoporosis risk in a community-based Korean cohort study of 1025 participants, the Hallym Aging Study. Ten nongenetic factors, including sex (female) and hematocrit level, and 12 SNPs across ten genes showed evidence of association with incident osteoporosis in 270 initially osteoporosis-free subjects who completed a 6-year follow up. Three gene variants, rs1801282 (PPARG-Pro12Ala, hazard ratio (HR) = 3.26, P = 0.008), rs1408282 (near EPHA7, HR = 1.87, P = 0.002), and rs2076212 (PNPLA3-Gly115Cys, HR = 2.24, P = 0.024), were associated with significant differences in survival among the three genotype groups (Pdiff = 0.042, 0.003, and 0.048, respectively). Individuals in the highest polygenic risk score tertile were 27.9 fold more likely to develop osteoporosis than those in the lowest tertile (P = 0.004). The PPARG gene in particular was a hub pleiotropic gene in the epistasis network. Our findings highlight pleiotropic modulations of metabolism- and inflammation-related genes in the development of osteoporosis and demonstrate the contribution of pleiotropic genetic variants in prediction of osteoporosis risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Pyo Hong
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Hyun Rhee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Hallym Research Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wan Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Vitamin D Daily versus Monthly Administration: Bone Turnover and Adipose Tissue Influences. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121934. [PMID: 30563215 PMCID: PMC6315364 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is involved in bone metabolism and in many various extra-skeletal diseases such as malabsorption syndromes, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, and autoimmune and neurological diseases. However, data on the optimal route of administration are not consistent. The aims of our study were to analyze not only the influence of daily vs. monthly administration of vitamin D on bone metabolism and bone turnover, but also the effects of different routes of administration on fat mass in a cohort of adults with low levels of 25(OH) vitamin D3 at baseline. We analyzed 44 patients with hypovitaminosis at baseline and after six months of two different regimens of administration: seven drops (1750 IU)/day vs. 50,000 IU/month. We found that the two regimens were equivalent; 36 out of 44 patients reached the normal range of vitamin D after six months of treatment. Interestingly, the main determinant of vitamin D at baseline was the waist circumference. In addition, 22 patients treated by monthly regimen were evaluated after 18 months of treatment. At the end of follow-up, patients showed normal levels of vitamin D, with increased calcium levels and decreased bone turnover. Waist circumference also decreased. Our results support the efficacy of vitamin D3 given monthly both for correcting hypovitaminosis and for maintaining vitamin D levels. The relationship between serum 25(OH)vitamin D3 concentration and waist circumference supports vitamin D having a protective role in the current setting, since waist size is directly associated with the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
61
|
Yu Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Lu X, Hong J, Guo X, Zhou D. Knockdown of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 suppresses the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of tendon stem cell via downregulating miR-138 target genes PPARγ and RUNX2. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2374-2385. [PMID: 30321077 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1534510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the mechanism and biological roles of long noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of tendon stem cell. In this study, tendon injury mice model was established to detect the expression of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1, miR-138, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and runt-related gene 2 (RUNX2) using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Mechanical testing was carried out to assess tendon function. Adiponectin and Osterix were used to evaluate the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of tendon stem cells (TSCs). The interaction between lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 and miR-138 was detected by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay and RNA pull-down assay. We found that lncRNA KCNQ1OT1, PPARγ and RUNX2 expression were significantly upregulated, while miR-138 was suppressed in tendon tissue of injured group and the separated TSCs. lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 knockdown inhibited the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of TSCs. Further studies indicated that lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-138 in TSCs. Further investigations confirmed that lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 knockdown exerted anti-adipogenic and anti-osteogenic function via miR-138/PPARγ and miR-138/RUNX2 axis. Therefore, the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1/miR-138/PPARγ or RUNX2 axis modulated adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of tendon stem cell, which might be a promising therapeutic target for tendon injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- a Department of Orthopaedics , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China.,b Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , China.,c Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics , Wenzhou , China
| | - Ying Chen
- d Department of Emergency , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- a Department of Orthopaedics , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China.,c Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xiaolang Lu
- a Department of Orthopaedics , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China.,c Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics , Wenzhou , China
| | - Jianjun Hong
- a Department of Orthopaedics , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China.,c Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xiaoshan Guo
- a Department of Orthopaedics , The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China.,c Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics , Wenzhou , China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- b Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong , China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Mao L, Wang M, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Xue C. Docosahexaenoic acid‐containing phosphatidylcholine induced osteoblastic differentiation by modulating key transcription factors. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yaxuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Xi J, Li Q, Luo X, Li J, Guo L, Xue H, Wu G. Epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate protects against secondary osteoporosis in a mouse model via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4555-4562. [PMID: 30221714 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic compound extracted and isolated from green tea, which has a variety of important biological activities in vitro and in vivo, including anti‑tumor, anti‑oxidation, anti‑inflammation and lowering blood pressure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of EGCG against secondary osteoporosis in a mouse model via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blotting were used to analyze runt‑related transcription factor 2 and osterix mRNA expression, and the protein expression of cyclin D1, Wnt and β‑catenin, and suppressed peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ protein expression. The protective effect of EGCG against secondary osteoporosis was examined and its potential mechanism was analyzed. Treatment with EGCG significantly decreased serum calcium, urinary calcium, body weight and body fat, and increased leptin levels in mice with secondary osteoporosis. In addition, EGCG treatment significantly inhibited the structure score of articular cartilage and cancellous bone in proximal tibia metaphysis in mice with secondary osteoporosis. Treatment also significantly decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, runt‑related transcription factor 2 and osterix mRNA expression. EGCG also significantly induced the protein expression of cyclin D1, Wnt and β‑catenin, and suppressed peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ protein expression in mice with secondary osteoporosis. Taken together, these results suggest that EGCG may be a possible new drug in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Xi
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Qinggui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Xue
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Guangsen Wu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery, The 309th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Cao K, Lai F, Zhao XL, Wei QX, Miao XY, Ge R, He QY, Sun X. The mechanism of iron-compensation for manganese deficiency of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Proteomics 2018; 184:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
65
|
Phloretin Promotes Adipogenesis via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in Mouse Marrow Stromal ST2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061772. [PMID: 29904032 PMCID: PMC6032296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloretin, a glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitor, has pleiotropic effects. The present study examined the effects of phloretin on the commitment of marrow stromal cells to adipocytes, using the mouse marrow stromal cell line ST2. Oil red O staining showed that treatment with phloretin 10–100 µM promoted lipid accumulation. Real-time PCR showed that phloretin significantly increased the expression of adipogenic markers, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid-binding protein 4, and adiponectin. Western blotting showed that phloretin inhibited ERK1/2 and JNK but activated p38 MAPK. Treatment with a MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor and a JNK inhibitor enhanced adipogenesis, similar to phloretin. In contrast, a p38 MAPK inhibitor suppressed phloretin-induced adipogenesis. Although phloretin phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), co-incubation with an AMPK inhibitor did not block phloretin-induced adipogenesis. The 2-deoxyglucose colorimetric assay showed that phloretin and siRNA silencing of GLUT1 decreased glucose uptake. However, unlike phloretin treatment, GLUT1 silencing inhibited adipogenesis. In addition, phloretin enhanced adipogenesis in GLUT1 knocked-down cells. Taken together, phloretin induced adipogenesis of marrow stromal cells by inhibiting ERK1/2 and JNK and by activating p38 MAPK. The adipogenic effects of phloretin were independent of glucose uptake inhibition. Phloretin may affect energy metabolism by influencing adipogenesis and adiponectin expression.
Collapse
|
66
|
Functional Regulation of PPARs through Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061738. [PMID: 29895749 PMCID: PMC6032173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and they are essential regulators of cell differentiation, tissue development, and energy metabolism. Given their central roles in sensing the cellular metabolic state and controlling metabolic homeostasis, PPARs became important targets of drug development for the management of metabolic disorders. The function of PPARs is mainly regulated through ligand binding, which induces structural changes, further affecting the interactions with co-activators or co-repressors to stimulate or inhibit their functions. In addition, PPAR functions are also regulated by various Post-translational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs include phosphorylation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and O-GlcNAcylation, which are found at numerous modification sites. The addition of these PTMs has a wide spectrum of consequences on protein stability, transactivation function, and co-factor interaction. Moreover, certain PTMs in PPAR proteins have been associated with the status of metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the PTMs found on the three PPAR isoforms PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, and their corresponding modifying enzymes. We also discuss the functional roles of these PTMs in regulating metabolic homeostasis and provide a perspective for future research in this intriguing field.
Collapse
|
67
|
Gulseren G, Tansik G, Garifullin R, Tekinay AB, Guler MO. Dentin Phosphoprotein Mimetic Peptide Nanofibers Promote Biomineralization. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800080. [PMID: 29745025 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) is a major component of the dentin matrix playing crucial role in hydroxyapatite deposition during bone mineralization, making it a prime candidate for the design of novel materials for bone and tooth regeneration. The bioactivity of DPP-derived proteins is controlled by the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the serine residues. Here an enzyme-responsive peptide nanofiber system inducing biomineralization is demonstrated. It closely emulates the structural and functional properties of DPP and facilitates apatite-like mineral deposition. The DPP-mimetic peptide molecules self-assemble through dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme participating in tooth and bone matrix mineralization. Nanofiber network formation is also induced through addition of calcium ions. The gelation process following nanofiber formation produces a mineralized extracellular matrix like material, where scaffold properties and phosphate groups promote mineralization. It is demonstrated that the DPP-mimetic peptide nanofiber networks can be used for apatite-like mineral deposition for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulcihan Gulseren
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Tansik
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pathology, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ruslan Garifullin
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420021, Russia
| | - Ayse B Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Abdallah BM, Alzahrani AM, Kassem M. Secreted Clusterin protein inhibits osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Bone 2018; 110:221-229. [PMID: 29476977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secreted Clusterin (sCLU, also known as Apolipoprotein J) is an anti-apoptotic glycoprotein involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, lipid transport, extracellular tissue remodeling and apoptosis. sCLU is expressed and secreted by mouse bone marrow-derived skeletal (stromal or mesenchymal) stem cells (mBMSCs), but its functional role in MSC biology is not known. In this study, we demonstrated that Clusterin mRNA expression and protein secretion in conditioned medium increased during adipocyte differentiation and decreased during osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs. Treatment of mBMSC cultures with recombinant sCLU protein increased cell proliferation and exerted an inhibitory effect on the osteoblast differentiation while stimulated adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated silencing of Clu expression in mBMSCs reduced adipocyte differentiation and stimulated osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of sCLU on the osteoblast differentiation of mBMSCs was mediated by the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. In conclusion, we identified sCLU as a regulator of mBMSCs lineage commitment to osteoblasts versus adipocytes through a mechanism mediated by ERK1/2 signaling. Inhibiting sCLU is a possible therapeutic approach for enhancing osteoblast differentiation and consequently bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia; Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Abdullah M Alzahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Endocrine Research (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Wang J, Cao Y, Qiu B, Du J, Wang T, Wang C, Deng R, Shi X, Gao K, Xie Z, Yong W. Ablation of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) leads to enhanced both bone and cartilage development in mice. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:214. [PMID: 29434189 PMCID: PMC5833428 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) on bone and cartilage development using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. Six- to 8-week- old male PP5 knockout mice (KO) and their wild-type (WT) littermate controls were randomly selected for this study, and their body weights and bone (femur) lengths were measured. Micro-computed tomography scanning (Micro-CT) was performed to determine femoral bone density and micro-architecture. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow were used to examine the effects of PP5 on osteogenesis in vitro. Whole-mount Alcian blue and Alizarin red staining were used to detect cartilage formation in newborn vertebrae, limbs, and feet. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to determine growth plate thickness. Real-time PCR analysis, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of genes and proteins in bone marrow-derived MSCs as well as in bone and cartilage tissues. The results showed PP5 KO mice exhibited significantly reduced body weight and shorter femur length compared to WT controls. The KO mice also had significantly higher volumetric bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone volume, and cortical thickness in the femur. The deficiency of PP5 significantly enhanced the formation of cartilage in vertebrae, limbs, and feet. In addition, KO mice possessed a wider distal femur growth plates containing significantly more chondrocytes than WT mice. Furthermore, higher expressions of several cartilage-specific genes were observed in the articular cartilage of PP5 KO mice. Immunohistochemical labeling of growth plates demonstrated that phospho-PPARγ, Runx1, and Runx2 levels were considerably higher in the KO mice. In conclusion, PP5 is a significant negative regulator on the regulation of bone and cartilage development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.,Experimental Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jianyong Du
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ran Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xudong Shi
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Weidong Yong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Ge C, Zhao G, Li B, Li Y, Cawthorn WP, MacDougald OA, Franceschi RT. Genetic inhibition of PPARγ S112 phosphorylation reduces bone formation and stimulates marrow adipogenesis. Bone 2018; 107:1-9. [PMID: 29107124 PMCID: PMC5743762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A common feature of many skeletal diseases is the accumulation of marrow fat. A reciprocal relationship exists between osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow that is mediated by the relative activity of PPARγ and RUNX2 transcription factors. The ERK/MAPK pathway is an important inducer of MSC differentiation to osteoblasts and an inhibitor of adipogenesis that functions by phosphorylating RUNX2 and PPARγ. To begin to assess the importance of this regulation in vivo, we examined the consequences of blocking one arm of this pathway, PPARγ S112 phosphorylation, by evaluating the bone phenotype of PPARγ S112A mutant mice. This mutation prevents MAPK phosphorylation and inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Both male and female PPARγ S112A mice had decreased tibial and vertebral BV/TV and decreased trabecular bone relative to wild type littermates. These results were explained by a decrease in bone formation and osteoblast activity in the absence of changes in resorption. In contrast, marrow adipose tissue, adipocyte markers and serum adiponectin were all dramatically increased. Bone marrow stromal cells isolated from PPARγ S112A mice had elevated PPARγ and preferentially differentiated to adipocytes while total and phosphorylated RUNX2 and osteoblastogenesis were inhibited, indicating that the PPARγ S112A mutation affects bone in a cell autonomous manner. Changes in osteoblast/adipocyte lineage allocation in MSC cultures were also seen where CFU-OBs were reduced with a parallel increase in CFU-AD. This study emphasizes the importance of PPARγ phosphorylation in controlling bone mass and marrow adiposity and demonstrates how a regulatory mutation in PPARγ previously associated with peripheral fat metabolism can have broader effects on bone homeostasis that may in turn affect whole body energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Ge
- Periodontics & Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Guisheng Zhao
- Periodontics & Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - BinBin Li
- Periodontics & Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Periodontics & Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - William P Cawthorn
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- Periodontics & Oral Medicine University of Michigan School of Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yang Y, Qi Q, Wang Y, Shi Y, Yang W, Cen Y, Zhu E, Li X, Chen D, Wang B. Cysteine-rich protein 61 regulates adipocyte differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and canonical Wnt signaling. FASEB J 2018; 32:3096-3107. [PMID: 29401606 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700830rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61) plays a role in the differentiation and development of chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts; however, little is known about its role in adipogenesis. The current study indicates that the expression level of Cyr61 was altered in primary cultured marrow stromal cells and the established mesenchymal cell line, C3H10T1/2, after adipogenic treatment. Overexpressing Cyr61 repressed C3H10T1/2 and primary marrow stromal cells to differentiate into mature adipocytes. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous Cyr61 induced C3H10T1/2 and primary marrow stromal cells to fully differentiate. Mechanism investigations reveal that knockdown of Cyr61 inhibited the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and decreased nuclear protein levels of β-catenin and transcription factor 7-like 2. Moreover, the silencing of Cyr61 increased protein levels of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1, mammalian target of rapamycin, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and ribosomal protein S6-the major components of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling-in C3H10T1/2 cells. Additional investigations demonstrated that treatment with rapamycin significantly attenuated adipocyte formation that was induced by Cyr61 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Moreover, Cyr61 siRNA also lost its ability to stimulate adipocyte formation under the background of β-catenin overexpression. Taken together, our study provides evidence that CYR61 regulates adipocyte differentiation via multiple signaling pathways that involve at least the inactivation of mTORC1 signaling and the activation of canonical Wnt signaling.-Yang, Y., Qi, Q., Wang, Y., Shi, Y., Yang, W., Cen, Y., Zhu, E., Li, X., Chen, D., Wang, B. Cysteine-rich protein 61 regulates adipocyte differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and canonical Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxu Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaru Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunzhu Cen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Endong Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Baoli Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Fan X, Li L, Ye Z, Zhou Y, Tan WS. Regulation of osteogenesis of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells by sodium butyrate. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:457-469. [PMID: 29271554 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) draw great interests for regenerative medicine due to convenient availability and low immunogenicity. However, suboptimal culture conditions limit their application. In recent years, small molecules have proven powerful in regulating stem cell fates and can be applied to stimulate their function. In the present study, the impacts of sodium butyrate (NaBu), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), on hAMSCs were investigated. It was shown that NaBu at a low concentration inhibited cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle at G0/G1 rather than inducing apoptosis. When NaBu was supplemented at a concentration of <1.0 mM for 3 days during osteogenic induction, significantly more mineralized nodules were generated and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes (ALP, Runx2, Opn, and Ocn) and proteins (Col1a1, OPN, OCN, Runx2, and TAZ) were both significantly enhanced. However, a higher concentration (1.0 mM) and longer exposure time (14 days) of NaBu showed no such effects, which may be partially attributed to both the increased expression of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) and reduced level of H3K9-Ace, thus leading to the transcriptional inhibition during osteogenesis. Further, it was indicated that ERK might be involved in the stimulatory effects of NaBu. These findings may be helpful to develop an efficient culture process for hAMSCs towards bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Feng X, Bao L, Wu M, Zhang D, Yao L, Guo Z, Yan D, Zhao P, Hao H, Wang Z. Inhibition of ERK1/2 downregulates triglyceride and palmitic acid accumulation in cashmere goat foetal fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1480486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manlin Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Icariin Regulates the Bidirectional Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8085325. [PMID: 29445413 PMCID: PMC5763109 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8085325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fat infiltration within the bone marrow is easily observed in some postmenopausal women. Those fats are mainly derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). The increment of adipocytes derived from BMMSCs leads to decreased osteoblasts derived from BMMSCs, so the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs significantly contributes to osteoporosis. Icariin is the main extractive of Herba Epimedii which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of icariin on the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs through quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, western blot, and tissue sections in vitro and in vivo. We found that icariin obviously promotes osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis through detecting staining and gene expression. Micro-CT analysis showed that icariin treatment alleviated the loss of cancellous bone of the distal femur in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. H&E staining analysis showed that icariin-treated OVX mice obtained higher bone mass and fewer bone marrow lipid droplets than OVX mice. Western blot and immunofluorescence showed that icariin regulates the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs via canonical Wnt signaling. This study demonstrates that icariin exerts its antiosteoporotic effect by regulating the bidirectional differentiation of BMMSCs through the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
75
|
RUNX2 promotes epithelial differentiation of ADSCs and burn wound healing via targeting E-cadherin. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2646-2659. [PMID: 29416798 PMCID: PMC5788666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is mediated by sophisticated interactions of various molecular functions and biological processes, including transcriptional regulation. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) increases osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of ADSCs. However, the role of RUNX2 in epithelial differentiation of ADSCs is unknown. We first showed that ADSCs possess the potential to differentiate into epithelial lineage. Then, we employed the effect of RUNX2 on epithelial differentiation of ADSCs. Our data showed that RUNX2 promoted epithelial differentiation of ADSCs. Overexpression or knockdown of RUNX2 resulted in increase or decrease of E-cadherin expression, respectively. Abatement of E-cadherin in ADSCs attenuated RUNX2-activated epithelial conversion of ADSCs and epithelial markers cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1). We also evaluated the effect of RUNX2 on burn wound healing in vivo. The wound re-epithelialization were accelerated by RUNX2. The wound closure indexs, demis regeneration and revascularization were all improved. Furthermore, RUNX2 binding directly to the E-cadherin promoter region was characterized in ADSCs by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase promoter reporter assays. Taken together, the study demonstrates the role of RUNX2 in epithelial differentiation of ADSCs and suggests that RUNX2 promotes E-cadherin expression, at least in part, through its direct binding to the promoter.
Collapse
|
76
|
Mohamed FF, Franceschi RT. Skeletal Stem Cells: Origins, Functions and Uncertainties. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:236-246. [PMID: 29430387 PMCID: PMC5802417 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of the skeleton requires a steady source of skeletal progenitors to provide the osteoblasts and chondrocytes necessary for bone and cartilage growth and development. The current model for skeletal stem cells (SSCs) posits that SSC/progenitor cells are present in bone marrow (BM) and other osteogenic sites such as cranial sutures where they undergo self-renewal and differentiation to give rise to the main skeletal tissues. SSCs hold great promise for understanding skeletal biology and genetic diseases of bone as well as for the advancement of bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies. In the past few years, a considerable effort has been devoted to identifying and purifying skeletal stem cells and determining their contribution to bone formation and homeostasis. Here, we review recent progress in this area with particular emphasis on the discovery of specific SSC markers, their use in tracking the progression of cell populations along specific lineages and the regulation of SSCs in both the appendicular and cranial skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma F. Mohamed
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Cao F, Wang S, Wang H, Tang W. Fibroblast activation protein-α in tumor cells promotes colorectal cancer angiogenesis via the Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2593-2599. [PMID: 29207091 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP-α) is a cell surface serine protease of the post-prolyl peptidase family, and stromal FAP-α expression may serve important functions in tumor occurrence and progression. In recent years, FAP-α expression in tumor cells has been detected in a number of types of tumor, and its roles in tumor growth and metastasis have been reported. However, the presence of FAP-α in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells lacks sufficient evidence and its role in angiogenesis remains unknown. The present study confirmed FAP-α expression in CRC cells at the tissue and cellular level, using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis, respectively; it additionally identified that FAP-α in CRC cells was positively associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression and microvessel density in stained tissue samples for the first time. In addition, western blotting identified that FAP-α overexpression in SW1116 cells significantly upregulated VEGF-A expression, and silencing of FAP-α in HT29 cells markedly inhibited VEGF-A expression. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high expression of FAP-α and VEGF-A had the shortest survival time. To detect the effects of FAP-α on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), conditioned medium (CM) from CRC cell lines was used and it was identified that CM from SW1116 cells with overexpressed FAP-α exhibited significantly increased VEGF-R2, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and p-RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) in HUVECs, in addition to the proliferation rate. Conversely, CM from HT29 cells with FAP-α silenced exhibited a significantly inhibited proliferation rate. Molecular mechanism analysis demonstrated that p-ERK and p-Akt in SW1116 and HT29 cells were affected by alterations in FAP-α expression, and treatment with a p-ERK inhibitor (U0126) and p-Akt inhibitor (LY294002) ameliorated VEGF-A upregulation induced by FAP-α overexpression. All the results confirmed the presence of FAP-α in CRC cells and suggested that FAP-α may effectively promote angiogenesis in CRC via the Akt and ERK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cao
- Department of Medicine 13, Xintai People's Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Songsong Wang
- Department of Medicine 13, Xintai People's Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Huanqin Wang
- Department of Medicine 13, Xintai People's Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, 88 Hospital of PLA, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Wang J, Wang G, Gong L, Sun G, Shi B, Bao H, Duan Y. Isopsoralen regulates PPAR‑γ/WNT to inhibit oxidative stress in osteoporosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1125-1131. [PMID: 29115612 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects of isopsoralen against postmenopausal osteoporosis in an ovariectomized rat model. The ovariectomized rats were treated with three days 10 mg/kg isopsoralen or with three days 20 mg/kg isopsoralen. Alkaline phosphatase, the oxidative stress indicators and caspase‑3/9 were measured using ELISA assay kits. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure collagen type I (Col I), osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin mRNA levels. Wnt, β‑catenin and peroxisome proliferators‑activated receptor γ (PPAR‑γ) were analyzed using western blot analysis. Isopsoralen suppressed mature adipocyte differentiation of C2C12 cells, inhibited serum calcium and urinary calcium levels, and reduced the structural scores of articular cartilage and cancellous bone in the proximal tibia metaphysis of mice with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Isopsoralen also promoted the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the mRNA expression levels of Col 1, osterix and osteopontin in mice with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Oxidative stress and activities of caspase‑3/9 in the mice with postmenopausal osteoporosis were effectively suppressed by isopsoralen treatment, which upregulated the protein expression of Wnt/β‑catenin and downregulated the protein expression of PPAR‑γ. These findings demonstrated that isopsoralen prevented osteoporosis through the regulation of PPAR‑γ/WNT, inhibiting oxidative stress by targeting the PPAR‑γ/WNT pathway. These results provide evidence of the potential targeted therapy for isopsoralen in the clinical treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510050, P.R. China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510050, P.R. China
| | - Guanwen Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Huhe Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Yan Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Stimulation of 3D osteogenesis by mesenchymal stem cells using a nanovibrational bioreactor. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:758-770. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
80
|
Deriving vascular smooth muscle cells from mesenchymal stromal cells: Evolving differentiation strategies and current understanding of their mechanisms. Biomaterials 2017; 145:9-22. [PMID: 28843066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play essential roles in regulating blood vessel form and function. Regeneration of functional vascular smooth muscle tissue to repair vascular diseases is an area of intense research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. For functional vascular smooth muscle tissue regeneration to become a practical therapy over the next decade, the field will need to have access to VSMC sources that are effective, robust and safe. While pluripotent stem cells hold good future promise to this end, more immediate translation is expected to come from approaches that generate functional VSMCs from adult sources of multipotent adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs and BMSCs). The research to this end is extensive and is dominated by studies relating to classical biochemical signalling molecules used to induce differentiation of ASCs and BMSCs. However, prolonged use of the biochemical induction factors is costly and can cause potential endotoxin contamination in the culture. Over recent years several non-traditional differentiation approaches have been devised to mimic defined aspects of the native micro-environment in which VSMCs reside to contribute to the differentiation of VSMC-like cells from ASCs and BMSCs. In this review, the promises and limitations of several non-traditional culture approaches (e.g., co-culture, biomechanical, and biomaterial stimuli) targeting VSMC differentiation are discussed. The extensive crosstalk between the underlying signalling cascades are delineated and put into a translational context. It is expected that this review will not only provide significant insight into VSMC differentiation strategies for vascular smooth muscle tissue engineering applications, but will also highlight the fundamental importance of engineering the cellular microenvironment on multiple scales (with consideration of different combinatorial pathways) in order to direct cell differentiation fate and obtain cells of a desired and stable phenotype. These strategies may ultimately be applied to different sources of stem cells in the future for a range of biomaterial and tissue engineering disciplines.
Collapse
|
81
|
Silva HF, Abuna RPF, Lopes HB, Francischini MS, de Oliveira PT, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. Participation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells grown on titanium surfaces. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 125:355-360. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heitor F. Silva
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. F. Abuna
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Helena B. Lopes
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Marcelo S. Francischini
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Paulo T. de Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Adalberto L. Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Marcio M. Beloti
- Cell Culture Laboratory; School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Abstract
Skeletal fragility often accompanies diabetes and does not appear to correlate with low bone mass or trauma severity in individuals with diabetes. Instead (and in contrast to those with osteoporotic bone disease), bone remodelling and bone turnover are compromised in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, contributing to defective bone material quality. This review is one of a pair discussing the relationship between diabetes, bone and glucose-lowering agents; an accompanying review is provided in this issue of Diabetologia by Ann Schwartz (DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4283-6 ). This review presents basic science evidence that, alongside other organs, bone is affected in diabetes via impairments in glucose metabolism, toxic effects of glucose oxidative derivatives (advance glycation end-products [AGEs]), and via impairments in bone microvascular function and muscle endocrine function. The cellular and molecular basis for the effects of diabetes on bone are discussed, as is the impact of diabetes on the stem cell niche and fracture healing. Furthermore, the safety of clinically approved glucose-lowering therapies and the possibility of developing a single therapy that would be beneficial for both insulin sensitisation and diabetes bone syndrome are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, MS 1008, Health Sciences Campus, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Campus, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Health Sciences Campus, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Yoshioka H, Yoshiko Y. The Roles of Long Non-Protein-Coding RNAs in Osteo-Adipogenic Lineage Commitment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1236. [PMID: 28598385 PMCID: PMC5486059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common mesenchymal progenitor in the bone marrow. This implies that a reciprocal relationship exists between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Further, cells of osteoblast lineage transdifferentiate into adipocytes under some circumstances. Dysregulation of osteo-adipogenic fate-determination leads to bone diseases such as osteoporosis, accompanied by an increase in bone marrow adipose tissue. Thus, the fine-tuning of osteo-adipogenesis is necessary for bone homeostasis. Osteo-adipogenic progression is governed by a complex crosstalk of extrinsic signals, transcription factors, and epigenetic factors. Long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act in part as epigenetic regulators in a broad range of biological activities, such as chromatin organization, transcriptional regulation, post-translational modifications, and histone modification. In this review, we highlight the roles of epigenetic regulators, particularly lncRNAs, in the osteo-adipogenic lineage commitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the adipogenic transdifferentiation of osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Yoshioka
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 734-8553 Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Yuji Yoshiko
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 734-8553 Hiroshima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Franceschi RT, Ge C. Control of the Osteoblast Lineage by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:122-132. [PMID: 29057206 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review will provide a timely assessment of MAP kinase actions in bone development and homeostasis with particular emphasis on transcriptional control of the osteoblast lineage. RECENT FINDINGS ERK and p38 MAP kinases function as transducers of signals initiated by the extracellular matrix, mechanical loading, TGF-β, BMPs and FGF2. MAPK signals may also affect and/or interact with other important pathways such as WNT and HIPPO. ERK and p38 MAP kinase pathways phosphorylate specific osteogenic transcription factors including RUNX2, Osterix, ATF4 and DLX5. For RUNX2, phosphorylation at specific serine residues initiates epigenetic changes in chromatin necessary for decondensation and increased transcription. MAPK also suppresses marrow adipogenesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting PPARγ, which may explain the well-known relationship between reduced skeletal loading and marrow fat accumulation. SUMMARY MAPKs transduce signals from the extracellular environment to the nucleus allowing bone cells to respond to changes in hormonal/growth factor signaling and mechanical loading thereby optimizing bone structure to meet physiological and mechanical needs of the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renny T Franceschi
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Chunxi Ge
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Regulates MicroRNA 21 Expression to Activate TGF- β Signaling in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Enhance Osteoblast Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2450327. [PMID: 28512472 PMCID: PMC5420424 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2450327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been documented to promote bone fracture healing in nonunions and increase lumbar spinal fusion rates. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PEMF stimulates differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) into osteoblasts are not well understood. In this study the PEMF effects on hBMSCs were studied by microarray analysis. PEMF stimulation of hBMSCs' cell numbers mainly affected genes of cell cycle regulation, cell structure, and growth receptors or kinase pathways. In the differentiation and mineralization stages, PEMF regulated preosteoblast gene expression and notably, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway and microRNA 21 (miR21) were most highly regulated. PEMF stimulated activation of Smad2 and miR21-5p expression in differentiated osteoblasts, and TGF-β signaling was essential for PEMF stimulation of alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression. Smad7, an antagonist of the TGF-β signaling pathway, was found to be miR21-5p's putative target gene and PEMF caused a decrease in Smad7 expression. Expression of Runx2 was increased by PEMF treatment and the miR21-5p inhibitor prevented the PEMF stimulation of Runx2 expression in differentiating cells. Thus, PEMF could mediate its effects on bone metabolism by activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway and stimulation of expression of miR21-5p in hBMSCs.
Collapse
|
86
|
Stechschulte LA, Lecka-Czernik B. Reciprocal regulation of PPARγ and RUNX2 activities in marrow mesenchymal stem cells: Fine balance between p38 MAPK and Protein Phosphatase 5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:107-113. [PMID: 29276666 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Post-translational modifications (PTMs), specifically serine phosphorylation, are essential for determination and tuning up an activity of many proteins, including those that are involved in the control of gene transcription. Transcription factors PPARγ2 and RUNX2 are essential for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) commitment to either adipocyte or osteoblast lineage. This review is summarizing current knowledge how serine phosphorylation PTMs regulate activities of both transcription factors and MSCs lineage commitment. Recent finding Both PPARγ2 and RUNX2 transcriptional activities are regulated by similar PTMs, however with an opposite outcome. The same p38 MAPK mediates serine phosphorylation that leads to activation of RUNX2 and inactivation of PPARγ2. The process of protein phosphorylation is balanced with a process of protein dephosphorylation. Protein phosphatase 5 simultaneously dephosphorylates both proteins, which results in activation of PPARγ2 and inactivation of RUNX2. Summary This review provides a summary of the "yinyang" fine-tuned mechanism by which p38 MAPK and PP5 regulate MSCs lineage commitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lance A Stechschulte
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Physiology and Pharmacology.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, Toledo, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Li Y, Ge C, Franceschi RT. MAP Kinase-Dependent RUNX2 Phosphorylation Is Necessary for Epigenetic Modification of Chromatin During Osteoblast Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2427-2435. [PMID: 27514023 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
RUNX2, an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation is activated by ERK/MAP kinase-dependent phosphorylation. However, relationship between these early events and specific epigenetic modifications of chromatin during osteoblast differentiation have not been previously examined. Here, we explore these relationships using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to detect chromatin modifications in RUNX2-binding regions of Bglap2 and Ibsp. Growth of MC3T3-E1c4 preosteoblast cells in differentiation conditions rapidly induced Bglap2 and lbsp mRNAs. For both genes, osteogenic stimulation increased chromatin-bound P-ERK, P-RUNX2, p300, and RNA polymerase II as well as histone H3K9 and H4K5 acetylation. The level of H3K4 di-methylation, another gene activation-associated histone mark, also increased. In contrast, levels of the gene repressive marks, H3K9 mono-, di-, and tri-methylation in the same regions were reduced. Inhibition of MAP kinase signaling blocked differentiation-dependent chromatin modifications and Bglap2 and Ibsp expression. To evaluate the role of RUNX2 phosphorylation in these responses, RUNX2-deficient C3H10T1/2 cells were transduced with adenovirus encoding wild type or phosphorylation site mutant RUNX2 (RUNX2 S301A/S319A). Wild type RUNX2, but not the non-phosphorylated mutant, increased H3K9 and H4K5 acetylation as well as chromatin-associated P-ERK, p300, and polymerase II. Thus, RUNX2 phosphorylation is necessary for subsequent epigenetic changes required for osteoblast gene expression. Taken together, this study reveals a molecular mechanism through which osteogenic genes are controlled by a MAPK and P-RUNX2-dependent process involving epigenetic modifications of specific promoter regions. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2427-2435, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chunxi Ge
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan School of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Kong X, Li X, Zhang C, Zhu L, Liu C, Qin Q, Liu C, Wang Q, Zhu J, Wu X, Wan H, Chen W, Lin N. Ethyl acetate fraction of Huogu formula inhibits adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells via the BMP and Wnt signaling pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:480-491. [PMID: 28529456 PMCID: PMC5436568 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.18430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated adipogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is closely associated with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). Our previous studies have shown that Huogu (HG) formula was effective both in clinic experience and experimental ONFH. How HG impacts the differentiation of BMSCs and what is the underlying molecular mechanism remain largely unknown. Our results showed that ethyl acetate extract of HG (HGE) significantly decreased the adipocyte differentiation as determined by oil red staining, while slightly increased the ALP activity. Investigation of the molecular mechanism revealed that HGE could inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adipocyteprotein2 (AP2). Interestingly, the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation in BMSCs by HGE could be restored by DKK-1, an inhibitor of Wnts. However, Noggin (an inhibitor of BMPs) displayed an additive role with HGE in suppressing the expression of PPARγ, LPL, and AP2. Furthermore, the bone marrow fat formation, as well as the expression of Wnt3a and PPARγ, was effectively regulated by HGE in the steroid-induced ONFH rats. Our results demonstrated that HGE treatment significantly inhibited adipogenesis and slightly promoted osteogenesis of BMSCs through regulating the BMP and Wnt pathways. The findings shed lights on the molecular mechanism of HGE in the inhibition of adipogenesis and provide scientific rationale for its clinical application of HGE in the treatment of ONFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Liuluan Zhu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunfang Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Qingxia Qin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Cuiling Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100102 Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Hongye Wan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Weiheng Chen
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100102 Beijing, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Li H, Liu P, Xu S, Li Y, Dekker JD, Li B, Fan Y, Zhang Z, Hong Y, Yang G, Tang T, Ren Y, Tucker HO, Yao Z, Guo X. FOXP1 controls mesenchymal stem cell commitment and senescence during skeletal aging. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1241-1253. [PMID: 28240601 DOI: 10.1172/jci89511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of aged mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) in bone marrow is the pivot of differentiation potency from osteoblast to adipocyte coupled with a decrease in self-renewal capacity. However, how these cellular events are orchestrated in the aging progress is not fully understood. In this study, we have used molecular and genetic approaches to investigate the role of forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) in transcriptional control of MSC senescence. In bone marrow MSCs, FOXP1 expression levels declined with age in an inverse manner with those of the senescence marker p16INK4A. Conditional depletion of Foxp1 in bone marrow MSCs led to premature aging characteristics, including increased bone marrow adiposity, decreased bone mass, and impaired MSC self-renewal capacity in mice. At the molecular level, FOXP1 regulated cell-fate choice of MSCs through interactions with the CEBPβ/δ complex and recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin κ J region (RBPjκ), key modulators of adipogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively. Loss of p16INK4A in Foxp1-deficient MSCs partially rescued the defects in replication capacity and bone mass accrual. Promoter occupancy analyses revealed that FOXP1 directly represses transcription of p16INK4A. These results indicate that FOXP1 attenuates MSC senescence by orchestrating their cell-fate switch while maintaining their replicative capacity in a dose- and age-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
90
|
Wang X, Wang G, Liu L, Zhang D. The mechanism of a chitosan-collagen composite film used as biomaterial support for MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39322. [PMID: 28000715 PMCID: PMC5175145 DOI: 10.1038/srep39322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural composite biomaterials are good structural supports for bone cells to regenerate lost bone. Here, we report that a chitosan-collagen composite film accelerated osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. Intriguingly, we observed that the film enhanced the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. We showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the transcriptional activity of Runx2, which is an important factor regulating osteoblast differentiation downstream of phosphorylated Erk1/2. Consistent with this observation, we found that the chitosan-collagen composite film increased the expression of osteoblastic marker genes, including Type I Collagen and Runx2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. We conclude that this film promoted osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization through an Erk1/2-activated Runx2 pathway. Our findings provide new evidence that chitosan-collagen composites are promising biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in bone defect-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, PR China
| | - Gan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, PR China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, PR China
| | - Dongyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Ge C, Wang Z, Zhao G, Li B, Liao J, Sun H, Franceschi RT. Discoidin Receptor 2 Controls Bone Formation and Marrow Adipogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2193-2203. [PMID: 27341689 PMCID: PMC5135576 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play major roles in controlling progenitor cell fate and differentiation. The receptor tyrosine kinase, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), is an important mediator of interactions between cells and fibrillar collagens. DDR2 signals through both ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, which stimulate osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here we show that DDR2 is critical for skeletal development and differentiation of marrow progenitor cells to osteoblasts while suppressing marrow adipogenesis. Smallie mice (Ddr2slie/slie ), which contain a nonfunctional Ddr2 allele, have multiple skeletal defects. A progressive decrease in tibial trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) was observed when wild-type (WT), Ddr2wt/slie , and Ddr2slie/slie mice were compared. These changes were associated with reduced trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and increased trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) in both males and females, but reduced cortical thickness only in Ddr2slie/slie females. Bone changes were attributed to decreased bone formation rather than increased osteoclast activity. Significantly, marrow fat and adipocyte-specific mRNA expression were significantly elevated in Ddr2slie/slie animals. Additional skeletal defects include widened calvarial sutures and reduced vertebral trabecular bone. To examine the role of DDR2 signaling in cell differentiation, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were grown under osteogenic and adipogenic conditions. Ddr2slie/slie cells exhibited defective osteoblast differentiation and accelerated adipogenesis. Changes in differentiation were related to activity of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and PPARγ, transcription factors that are both controlled by MAPK-dependent phosphorylation. Specifically, the defective osteoblast differentiation in calvarial cells from Ddr2slie/slie mice was associated with reduced ERK/MAP kinase and RUNX2-S319 phosphorylation and could be rescued with a constitutively active phosphomimetic RUNX2 mutant. Also, DDR2 was shown to increase RUNX2-S319 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity while also increasing PPARγ-S112 phosphorylation, but reducing its activity. DDR2 is, therefore, important for maintenance of osteoblast activity and suppression of marrow adipogenesis in vivo and these actions are related to changes in MAPK-dependent RUNX2 and PPARγ phosphorylation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Ge
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Guisheng Zhao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing 10081, P.R.China
| | - Jinhui Liao
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Hanshi Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
| | - Renny T. Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0600
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Wu T, Cheng N, Xu C, Sun W, Yu C, Shi B. The effect of mesoporous bioglass on osteogenesis and adipogenesis of osteoporotic BMSCs. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:3004-3014. [PMID: 27449696 PMCID: PMC5995467 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of mesoporous bioglass (MBG) dissolution on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from either sham control or ovariectomized (OVX) rats. MBG was fabricated by evaporation-induced self-assembly method. Cell proliferation was tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cytoskeletal morphology was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, Alizarin Red staining, while adipogenic differentiation was assessed by Oil Red-O staining. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were taken to evaluate the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). We found that MBG dissolution (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 µg/mL) was nontoxic to BMSCs growth. Sham and OVX BMSCs exhibited the highest ALP activity in 50 µg/mL of MBG osteogenic dissolution, except that sham BMSCs in 100 µg/mL showed the highest ALP activity on day 14. Runx2 was significantly upregulated after 100 µg/mL of MBG stimulation in sham and OVX BMSCs for 7 and 14 days, except that 25 µg/mL showed highest upregulation effect on OVX BMSCs at day 7. PPARγ was downregulated after MBG stimulation. The protein level of Runx2 from the sham BMSCs group was significantly upregulated after lower doses (25 and 50 µg/mL) of MBG stimulation, whereas PPARγ was downregulated in the sham and OVX BMSCs group. Thus, both the osteogenic and adipogenic abilities of BMSCs were damaged under OVX condition. Moreover, lower concentration of MBG dissolution can promote osteogenesis but inhibit adipogenesis of the sham and OVX BMSCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 3004-3014, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
- School of Dentistry, Oral Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Chun Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Wei Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Bin Shi
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Stechschulte LA, Ge C, Hinds TD, Sanchez ER, Franceschi RT, Lecka-Czernik B. Protein Phosphatase PP5 Controls Bone Mass and the Negative Effects of Rosiglitazone on Bone through Reciprocal Regulation of PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ) and RUNX2 (Runt-related Transcription Factor 2). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24475-24486. [PMID: 27687725 PMCID: PMC5114402 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) are key regulators of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation toward adipocytes and osteoblasts, respectively. Post-translational modifications of these factors determine their activities. Dephosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser-112 is required for its adipocytic activity, whereas phosphorylation of RUNX2 at serine 319 (Ser-319) promotes its osteoblastic activity. Here we show that protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) reciprocally regulates each receptor by targeting each serine. Mice deficient in PP5 phosphatase have increased osteoblast numbers and high bone formation, which results in high bone mass in the appendicular and axial skeleton. This is associated with a substantial decrease in lipid-containing marrow adipocytes. Indeed, in the absence of PP5 the MSC lineage allocation is skewed toward osteoblasts and away from lipid accumulating adipocytes, although an increase in beige adipocyte gene expression is observed. In the presence of rosiglitazone, PP5 translocates to the nucleus, binds to PPARγ and RUNX2, and dephosphorylates both factors, resulting in activation of PPARγ adipocytic and suppression of RUNX2 osteoblastic activities. Moreover, shRNA knockdown of PP5 results in cells refractory to rosiglitazone treatment. Lastly, mice deficient in PP5 are resistant to the negative effects of rosiglitazone on bone, which in wild type animals causes a 50% decrease in trabecular bone mass. In conclusion, PP5 is a unique phosphatase reciprocally regulating PPARγ and RUNX2 activities in marrow MSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lance A Stechschulte
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,; the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614 and
| | - Chunxi Ge
- the Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | | | - Edwin R Sanchez
- the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614 and; Physiology and Pharmacology, and
| | - Renny T Franceschi
- the Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Beata Lecka-Czernik
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,; the Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614 and; Physiology and Pharmacology, and.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Sarda Y, Bergman E, Hillel I, Binderman I, Nevo U. Detection of bone marrow changes related to estrogen withdrawal in rats with a tabletop stray-field NMR scanner. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:860-870. [PMID: 27690262 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). A preliminary stage of the disease is progressive bone marrow adiposity, caused by imbalance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis in the marrow. Detection of osteoporosis relies on the quantification of BMD with techniques such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. This work aimed to detect bone marrow changes in an experimental model of osteopenia using a low-field tabletop NMR scanner. METHODS An experiment was performed on 32 female rats, 3 months old, 16 of which were ovariectomized (OVX) and 16 were sham-operated (sham). The femur and tibia from both hind limbs were isolated and underwent ex vivo NMR scans at four time points after the OVX and sham operations. NMR scans were complemented by BMD measurements and histology. RESULTS Significant changes in the bone marrow of ovariectomized rats, relative to sham operated rats, were observed after 3.5 and 4.5 months. Bone marrow adiposity was detected by significant changes in T1 and T2 relaxation times, and in the diffusion coefficient. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a potential detection of changes to the bone marrow using a tabletop NMR device. Clinical translation may facilitate screening, early detection of bone weakening as a result of estrogen withdrawal, and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Magn Reson Med 78:860-870, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Sarda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Bergman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Hillel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzhak Binderman
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Nevo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Stechschulte LA, Czernik PJ, Rotter ZC, Tausif FN, Corzo CA, Marciano DP, Asteian A, Zheng J, Bruning JB, Kamenecka TM, Rosen CJ, Griffin PR, Lecka-Czernik B. PPARG Post-translational Modifications Regulate Bone Formation and Bone Resorption. EBioMedicine 2016; 10:174-84. [PMID: 27422345 PMCID: PMC5006645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, and is the molecular target of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose utilization and adipocyte differentiation. However, clinical use of TZDs has been limited by side effects including a higher risk of fractures and bone loss. Here we demonstrate that the same post-translational modifications at S112 and S273, which influence PPARγ pro-adipocytic and insulin sensitizing activities, also determine PPARγ osteoblastic (pS112) and osteoclastic (pS273) activities. Treatment of either hyperglycemic or normoglycemic animals with SR10171, an inverse agonist that blocks pS273 but not pS112, increased trabecular and cortical bone while normalizing metabolic parameters. Additionally, SR10171 treatment modulated osteocyte, osteoblast, and osteoclast activities, and decreased marrow adiposity. These data demonstrate that regulation of bone mass and energy metabolism shares similar mechanisms suggesting that one pharmacologic agent could be developed to treat both diabetes and metabolic bone disease. PPARγ S273 regulates osteoclast differentiation and insulin sensitivity PPARγ S112 regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation PPARγ and PPARα regulate osteocyte activities of bone formation and turnover SR10171, a PPARγ inverse agonist and PPARα weak agonist, is anabolic for bone
Diabetes is a condition with compromised energy balance and is associated with bone fractures. Some treatment options for diabetes sensitize the patient to insulin via targeting the transcription factor PPARγ. PPARγ is also key regulator of bone formation and bone resorption. Anti-diabetic drugs TZDs target PPARγ protein and this leads to bone loss and increase in fractures in postmenopausal women. Bone mass and energy metabolism share similar regulating pathways, and here we demonstrate a new class of insulin sensitizers that is a selective modulator of PPARγ activity; resulting in a pharmacologic agent that can be beneficial for both diabetes and metabolic bone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Stechschulte
- Dept. Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - P J Czernik
- Dept. Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Z C Rotter
- Dept. Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - F N Tausif
- Dept. Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - C A Corzo
- Dept. Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - D P Marciano
- Dept. Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - A Asteian
- Dept. Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - J Zheng
- Dept. Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - J B Bruning
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - T M Kamenecka
- Dept. Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - C J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, United States
| | - P R Griffin
- Dept. Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
| | - B Lecka-Czernik
- Dept. Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States; Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States; Dept. Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Suda Y, Neri S, Hashimoto H, Higuchi Y, Ishibashi M, Sugano M, Masutomi K, Tsuboi M, Ochiai A, Ishii G. Clonal heterogeneity in osteogenic potential of lung cancer-associated fibroblasts: promotional effect of osteogenic progenitor cells on cancer cell migration. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1487-98. [PMID: 27119516 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) consist of heterogeneous cell population in terms of their differentiation potential. The functional differences in tumor progression between CAFs with mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs/MPCs) characteristics and CAFs without MSCs/MPCs characteristics are not clarified. METHODS CAFs and vascular adventitial fibroblasts (VAFs, which contain MSCs/MPCs) were isolated from nine primary lung cancers and were cultured in osteogenic or adipogenic medium to assess their multi-lineage differentiation. Next, we established nine single-cell-derived clones from the primary culture of CAFs and examined their differentiation potential. The effects of each single-cell-derived clone on the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cell line, A549, were analyzed. RESULTS The nine samples of VAFs and CAFs showed various degrees of osteogenic differentiation. Although the VAFs displayed the ability to undergo adipogenic differentiation, all cases of the CAFs did not. CAFs clones presented varying degrees of osteogenic differentiation. Four clones displayed comparable levels of osteogenic potential with that of the VAFs, and two clones were completely negative. As compared to the CAFs clones that possessed lower osteogenic potential, CAFs clones with higher osteogenic potential did not confer proliferative activity in A549 cells. On the contrary, these clones significantly promoted the migration of A549 cells as compared to the clones with lower osteogenic potential. CONCLUSION Our studies clearly indicate that CAFs derived from lung cancer are heterogeneous population that consists of cells with varying osteogenic potentials and that CAFs with higher osteogenic potential have a greater tumor-promoting function through the enhancement of cancer cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Suda
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Neri
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Youichi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ishibashi
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Sugano
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenkichi Masutomi
- Division of Cancer Stem Cell, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. .,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Chung JE, Park JH, Yun JW, Kang YH, Park BW, Hwang SC, Cho YC, Sung IY, Woo DK, Byun JH. Cultured Human Periosteum-Derived Cells Can Differentiate into Osteoblasts in a Perioxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma-Mediated Fashion via Bone Morphogenetic Protein signaling. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:806-818. [PMID: 27877072 PMCID: PMC5118751 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards an osteoblastic fate depends on numerous signaling pathways, including activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling components. Commitment to osteogenesis is associated with activation of osteoblast-related signal transduction, whereas inactivation of this signal transduction favors adipogenesis. BMP signaling also has a critical role in the processes by which mesenchymal stem cells undergo commitment to the adipocyte lineage. In our previous study, we demonstrated that an agonist of the perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. In this study, we used dorsomorphin, a selective small molecule inhibitor of BMP signaling, to investigate whether BMP signaling is involved in the positive effects of PPARγ agonists on osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. Both histochemical detection and bioactivity of ALP were clearly increased in the periosteum-derived cells treated with the PPARγ agonist at day 10 of culture. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist also caused an increase in alizarin red S staining and calcium content in the periosteum-derived osteoblasts at 2 and 3 weeks of culture. In contrast, dorsomorphin markedly decreased ALP activity, alizarin red S staining and calcium content in both the cells treated with PPARγ agonist and the cells cultured in osteogenic induction media without PPARγ agonist during the culture period. In addition, the PPARγ agonist clearly increased osteogenic differentiation medium-induced BMP-2 upregulation in the periosteum-derived osteoblastic cells at 2 weeks of culture as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunocytochemical analyses. Although further study will be needed to clarify the mechanisms of PPARγ-regulated osteogenesis, our results suggest that the positive effects of a PPARγ agonist on the osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells seem to be dependent on BMP signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Eun Chung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Cheol Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Iel-Yong Sung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|