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Baek KW, Won JH, Xiang YY, Woo DK, Park Y, Kim JS. Exercise intensity impacts the improvement of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via variations of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 expression. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102263. [PMID: 38061546 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (MOGAT1) in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been recognized. While exercise is recommended for the improvement of obesity and MASLD, the impact of exercise intensity remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the influence of exercise intensity on MOGAT1 expression in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice with MASLD. METHOD Male C57BL/6 mice aged 6 weeks were subjected to either a regular or HFD with 60 % fat content for 8 weeks. The mice were categorized into 5 groups based on their diet and exercise intensity: normal diet group (ND), HFD group, low-intensity exercise with HFD group (HFD+LIE), moderate-intensity exercise with HFD group (HFD+MIE), and high-intensity exercise (HIE) with HFD group (HFD+HIE). The duration of running was adjusted to ensure uniform exercise load across groups (total distance = 900 m): HFD+LIE at 12 m/min for 75 min, HFD+MIE at 15 m/min for 60 min, and HFD+HIE at 18 m/min for 50 min. RESULTS Lipid droplet size and MASLD activity score were significantly lower in the HFD+HIE group compared to other exercise-intensity groups (p < 0.05). Among the 3 intensity exercise groups, the lowest MOGAT1 protein expression was found in the HFD+HIE group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study reveals that high-intensity exercise has the potential to mitigate MASLD development, partly attributed to the downregulation of MOGAT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Wan Baek
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea; Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Won
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Ying-Ying Xiang
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea; College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, 77204, USA
| | - Ji-Seok Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea; Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea; Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, 77204, USA.
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Sim MS, Woo DK, Kim B, Jeong H, Joo YJ, Hong YW, Choi JY. What Controls the Sulfur Isotope Fractionation during Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction? ACS Environ Au 2023; 3:76-86. [PMID: 37102088 PMCID: PMC10125365 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate often behaves conservatively in the oxygenated environments but serves as an electron acceptor for microbial respiration in a wide range of natural and engineered systems where oxygen is depleted. As a ubiquitous anaerobic dissimilatory pathway, therefore, microbial reduction of sulfate to sulfide has been of continuing interest in the field of microbiology, ecology, biochemistry, and geochemistry. Stable isotopes of sulfur are an effective tool for tracking this catabolic process as microorganisms discriminate strongly against heavy isotopes when cleaving the sulfur-oxygen bond. Along with its high preservation potential in environmental archives, a wide variation in the sulfur isotope effects can provide insights into the physiology of sulfate reducing microorganisms across temporal and spatial barriers. A vast array of parameters, including phylogeny, temperature, respiration rate, and availability of sulfate, electron donor, and other essential nutrients, has been explored as a possible determinant of the magnitude of isotope fractionation, and there is now a broad consensus that the relative availability of sulfate and electron donors primarily controls the magnitude of fractionation. As the ratio shifts toward sulfate, the sulfur isotope fractionation increases. The results of conceptual models, centered on the reversibility of each enzymatic step in the dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathway, are in qualitative agreement with the observations, although the underlying intracellular mechanisms that translate the external stimuli into the isotopic phenotype remain largely unexplored experimentally. This minireview offers a snapshot of our current understanding of the sulfur isotope effects during dissimilatory sulfate reduction as well as their potential quantitative applications. It emphasizes the importance of sulfate respiration as a model system for the isotopic investigation of other respiratory pathways that utilize oxyanions as terminal electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sub Sim
- School
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
- . Tel: +82 2 880 6632
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- School
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- School
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Hyeonjeong Jeong
- School
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Young Ji Joo
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pukyong
National University, Busan48513, Korea
| | - Yeon Woo Hong
- School
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
| | - Jy Young Choi
- School
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul
National University, Seoul08826, Korea
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Choi HY, Lee HJ, Moon KM, Moon DK, Lee S, Park H, Hong J, Park MJ, Woo DK, Yoo JC. Up-regulation of CPNE1 Appears to Enhance Cancer Progression in HER2-positive and Luminal A Breast Cancer Cells. Anticancer Res 2022; 42:3445-3452. [PMID: 35790271 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Copine 1 (CPNE1) is a calciumdependent phospholipid protein that has been shown to regulate the AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT) signaling pathway to mediate its function in various cell types. However, little is known about the physiological function of this protein in breast cancer cells. We aimed to investigate the prognostic and therapeutic value of CPNE1 in erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)]-positive and luminal A subtypes of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting, cell viability, wound-healing and invasion assays were performed on SK-BR3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with forced overexpression of CPNE1. CPNE1 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and bioinformatics analysis were performed on specimens from patients with breast cancer and compared to normal breast samples. RESULTS CPNE1 overexpression promoted AKT activation, and increased cell viability and cell motility in SK-BR3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In addition, invasive capabilities of SK-BR3 cells were increased by the overexpression of CPNE1. The expression levels of CPNE1 were higher in HER2-positive and luminal A subtypes of human breast cancer tissues compared with those in adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, CPNE1 expression was increased in RNA microarray analysis of samples from patients with breast cancer compared to normal breast samples. CONCLUSION CPNE1 may play a key role in the pathophysiology of HER2-positive and luminal A subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Choi
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sechan Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- OATC Research Center for Neurodiseases, OATC Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Park
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Cheal Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea;
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Hwang T, Lee HJ, Park WS, Kang DM, Ahn MJ, Yoon H, Yoo JC, Moon DK, Woo DK. Catechin-7- O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside can reduce α-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells through competitive inhibition of tyrosinase. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1131-1137. [PMID: 35919819 PMCID: PMC9339418 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.72241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanogenesis is a defense mechanism against ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin damage, abnormally excessive melanin production causes pigmentation disorders. Tyrosinase, as a key factor for melanin synthesis, plays an important role in inducing skin pigmentation. Therefore, the inhibition of tyrosinase is crucial in preventing skin pigmentation in the cosmetics and medicine fields. However, the majority of well-known tyrosinase inhibitors have been discontinued due to toxic effects on the skin or lack of selectivity and/or stability. In this study, we evaluated possible anti-melanogenic effects of catechin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (C7R) isolated from the stem bark of Ulmus parvifolia, to discover a new tyrosinase inhibitor that has both safety and stability. When C7R was pretreated in B16F10 melanoma cells stimulated by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, this compound reduced melanin accumulation and murine tyrosinase activity. In line with these results, C7R inhibits tyrosinase purified from a mushroom in vitro like kojic acid and arbutin. Furthermore, C7R exhibited a competitive inhibition on a Lineweaver-Burk plot. Next, the underlying mechanisms of the C7R-mediated tyrosinase inhibitory effect were sought through docking simulation and pharmacophore analysis between tyrosinase residues and C7R. The results of these analyses showed that C7R had binding energy of -14.5kcal/mol, and indicated that C7R interacts with tyrosinase through an aromatic ring and various hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds. Together, our results suggest that C7R can be applied as a novel natural anti-melanogenic agent that inhibits tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyeok Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.,Axigen Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonok Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheal Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Choi HY, Park N, Lee B, Choe YI, Woo DK, Park JY, Yoo JC. CPNE1-mediated neuronal differentiation can be inhibited by HAX1 expression in HiB5 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:319-324. [PMID: 32958249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that CPNE1 induces neuronal differentiation and identified two binding proteins of CPNE1 (14-3-3γ and Jab1) as potential regulators of CPNE1-mediated neuronal differentiation in hippocampal progenitor cells. To better understand the cellular processes in which CPNE1 participates in neuronal differentiation, we here carried out a yeast two-hybrid screening to find another CPNE1 binding protein. Among the identified proteins, HCLS1-related protein X-1 (HAX1) directly interacts with CPNE1. Immunostaining experiments showed that a fraction of CPNE1 and HAX1 co-localized in the cytosol, particularly in the plasma membrane. In addition, the physical interaction as well as the specific binding regions between CPNE1 and HAX1 were confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, AKT phosphorylation, Tuj1 (neuronal marker protein) expression, and neurite outgrowth are all reduced in CPNE1/HAX1 overexpressing cells compared to CPNE1 only overexpressing HiB5 cells. Conversely, the HAX1 mutant that does not bind to CPNE1 was unable to inhibit the CPNE1-mediated neuronal differentiation. Together these results indicate that HAX1 is a binding partner of CPNE1 and CPNE1-mediated neuronal differentiation is negatively affected through the binding of HAX1, especially its N-terminal region, with CPNE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Choi
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Nammi Park
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Boah Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong In Choe
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheal Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HJ, Koo KA, Park WS, Kang DM, Kim HS, Lee BY, Goo YM, Kim JH, Lee MK, Woo DK, Kwak SS, Ahn MJ. Anti-obesity activity of anthocyanin and carotenoid extracts from color-fleshed sweet potatoes. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13438. [PMID: 32812262 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The anti-obesity effects of anthocyanin and carotenoid extracts from color-fleshed potatoes were studied with 3T3-L1 cells in vitro and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice in vivo. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with anthocyanin and carotenoid extracts, respectively, after differentiation induction significantly inhibited fat accumulation by 63.1 and 83.5%. Studies of adipogenesis inhibition showed that the anthocyanin extract acts at intermediate stages, whereas the carotenoid extract influences all the stages. The extracts significantly diminished triglyceride (TG) content and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) protein expression during adipogenesis of the intermediate stage. Oral administration of anthocyanin and carotenoid extracts, respectively, to HFD-fed mice significantly reduced weight gain and restored TG levels to normal or lower as compared to the HFD-fed group with improvement of a lipid profile, TG to HDL-C ratio. Histological differences in liver tissues revealed that the extracts protected the liver tissue from adipogenesis by HFD fed. This research presents the first direct demonstration that the two pigment extracts from sweet potato exhibit anti-obesity activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Anthocyanins and carotenoids are the main pigments of purple- and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes, respectively, which are highly nutritious foods with antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Obesity is a rapidly growing health problem that increases major risk factors of several serious diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. The results of this research suggest that anthocyanin and carotenoid-rich extracts from color-fleshed sweet potatoes may be useful as supplementary ingredients for the treatment of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Goo
- Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-aging Institute, Sancheong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Moon DK, Kim BG, Lee AR, In Choe Y, Khan I, Moon KM, Jeon RH, Byun JH, Hwang SC, Woo DK. Resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis from human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:203. [PMID: 32493422 PMCID: PMC7268497 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that leads to low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissue and increases bone fractures. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound, has pleiotropic effects including anti-oxidative, anti-aging, and anti-cancer effects. Resveratrol also has roles in increasing osteogenesis and in upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). However, it is still unclear that resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation or mitochondrial biogenesis of periosteum-derived MSCs (PO-MSCs), which play key roles in bone tissue maintenance and fracture healing. Thus, in order to test a possible preventive or therapeutic effect of resveratrol on osteoporosis, this study investigated the effects of resveratrol treatments on osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of PO-MSCs. Methods The optimal doses of resveratrol treatment on PO-MSCs were determined by cell proliferation and viability assays. Osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs under resveratrol treatment was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP, an early biomarker of osteogenesis) as well as by extracellular calcium deposit levels (a late biomarker). Mitochondrial biogenesis during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs was measured by quantifying both mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents. Results Resveratrol treatments above 10 μM seem to have negative effects on cell proliferation and viability of PO-MSCs. Resveratrol treatment (at 5 μM) on PO-MSCs during osteogenic differentiation increased both ALP activities and calcium deposits compared to untreated control groups, demonstrating an enhancing effect of resveratrol on osteogenesis. In addition, resveratrol treatment (at 5 μM) during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs increased both mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy numbers, indicating that resveratrol can bolster mitochondrial biogenesis in the process of PO-MSC osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion Taken together, the findings of this study describe the roles of resveratrol in promoting osteogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis of human PO-MSCs suggesting a possible application of resveratrol as a supplement for osteoporosis and/or osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ram Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong In Choe
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryoung-Hoon Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Lee AR, Moon DK, Siregar A, Moon SY, Jeon RH, Son YB, Kim BG, Hah YS, Hwang SC, Byun JH, Woo DK. Involvement of mitochondrial biogenesis during the differentiation of human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:1052-1062. [PMID: 31802425 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to a rapidly expanding aging population, the incidence of age-related or degenerative diseases has increased, and efforts to handle the issue with regenerative medicine via adult stem cells have become more important. And it is now clear that the mitochondrial energy metabolism is important for stem cell differentiation. When stem cells commit to differentiate, glycolytic metabolism is being shifted to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to meet an increased cellular energy demand required for differentiated cells. However, the nature of cellular metabolisms during the differentiation process of periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (POMSC) is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated mitochondrial biogenesis during the adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation of POMSCs. Both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents and mitochondrial proteins (VDAC and mitochondrial OXPHOS complex subunits) were increased during all of these mesenchymal lineage differentiations of POMSCs. Interestingly, glycolytic metabolism is reduced as POMSCs undergo osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, reducing mtDNA contents by ethidium bromide treatments prevents osteogenic differentiation of POMSCs. In conclusion, these results indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis and OXPHOS metabolism play important roles in the differentiation of POMCS and suggest that pharmaceutical modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and/or function can be a novel regulation for POMSC differentiation and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ram Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Adrian Siregar
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryoung-Hoon Jeon
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bum Son
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Clinical Research Institute of Gyeongsang, National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.
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Bok JS, Byun SH, Park BW, Kang YH, Lee SL, Rho GJ, Hwang SC, Woo DK, Lee HJ, Byun JH. The Role of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells in Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Follicle-Derived Stem Cells in In Vitro Co-cultures. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1160-1170. [PMID: 30123053 PMCID: PMC6097253 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.27318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and vascularization are essential for the growth and survival of most tissues. Engineered bone tissue requires an active blood vessel network for survival and integration with mature host tissue. Angiogenesis also has an effect on cell growth and differentiation in vitro. However, the effect of angiogenic factors on osteoprogenitor cell differentiation remains unclear. We studied the effects of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle-derived stem cells (DFSCs) in vitro by co-culturing DFSCs and HUVECs. Cell viability, based on metabolic activity and DNA content, was highest for co-cultures with a DFSC/HUVEC ratio of 50:50 in a 1:1 mixture of mesenchymal stem cell growth medium and endothelial cell growth medium. Osteoblastic and angiogenic phenotypes were enhanced in co-cultures with a DFSC/HUVEC ratio of 50:50 compared with DFSC monocultures. Increased expression of angiogenic phenotypes and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were observed over time in both 50:50 DFSC/HUVEC co-cultures and DFSC monocultures during culture period. Our results showed that increased angiogenic activity in DFSC/HUVEC co-cultures may stimulate osteoblast maturation of DFSCs. Therefore, the secretion of angiogenic factors from HUVECs may play a role in the osteogenic differentiation of DFSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Suk Bok
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kim HY, Lee JH, Lee HAR, Park JS, Woo DK, Lee HC, Rho GJ, Byun JH, Oh SH. Sustained Release of BMP-2 from Porous Particles with Leaf-Stacked Structure for Bone Regeneration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:21091-21102. [PMID: 29863327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustained release of bioactive molecules from delivery systems is a common strategy for ensuring their prolonged bioactivity and for minimizing safety issues. However, residual toxic reagents, the use of harsh organic solvents, and complex fabrication procedures in conventional delivery systems are considered enormous impediments toward clinical use. Herein, we describe bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-immobilized porous polycaprolactone particles with unique leaf-stacked structures (LSS particles) prepared using clinically feasible materials and procedures. The BMP-2 immobilized in these LSS particles is continuously released up to 36 days to provide an appropriate environment for osteogenic differentiation of human periosteum-derived cells and new bone formation. Thus, the leaf-stacked structures of these LSS particles provide a simple but clinically applicable platform for effectively delivering a variety of bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, hormones, cytokines, peptides, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials , Hannam University , Daejeon 34054 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University , Jinju 52727 , Republic of Korea
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11
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Yoon DK, Park JS, Rho GJ, Lee HJ, Sung IY, Son JH, Park BW, Kang YH, Byun SH, Hwang SC, Woo DK, Cho YC, Byun JH. The involvement of histone methylation in osteoblastic differentiation of human periosteum-derived cells cultured in vitro under hypoxic conditions. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:441-452. [PMID: 29082591 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although oxygen concentrations affect the growth and function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the impact of hypoxia on osteoblastic differentiation is not understood. Likewise, the effect of hypoxia-induced epigenetic changes on osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro hypoxic response of human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs). Hypoxia resulted in greater proliferation of hPDCs as compared with those cultured in normoxia. Further, hypoxic conditions yielded decreased expression of apoptosis- and senescence-associated genes by hPDCs. Osteoblast phenotypes of hPDCS were suppressed by hypoxia, as suggested by alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red-S-positive mineralization, and mRNA expression of osteoblast-related genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed an increased presence of H3K27me3, trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3, on the promoter region of bone morphogenetic protein-2. In addition, mRNA expression of histone lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) by hPDCs was significantly decreased in hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that an increased level of H3K27me3 on the promoter region of bone morphogenetic protein-2, in combination with downregulation of KDM6B activity, is involved in the suppression of osteogenic phenotypes of hPDCs cultured in hypoxic conditions. Although oxygen tension plays an important role in the viability and maintenance of MSCs in an undifferentiated state, the effect of hypoxia on osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs remains controversial. In addition, evidence regarding the importance of epigenetics in regulating MSCs has been limited. This study was to examine the role hypoxia on osteoblastic differentiation of hPDCs, and we examined whether histone methylation is involved in the observed effect of hypoxia on osteogenic differentiation of hPDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Kwan Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Iel-Yong Sung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jang-Ho Son
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Cheol Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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12
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Park JH, Park BW, Kang YH, Byun SH, Hwang SC, Kim DR, Woo DK, Byun JH. Lin28a enhances in vitro osteoblastic differentiation of human periosteum-derived cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:497-509. [PMID: 29143345 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite a capacity for proliferation and an ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, in long-term culture and with ageing, stem cells show a reduction in growth, display a decrease in differentiation potential, and enter senescence without evidence of transformation. The Lin28a gene encodes an RNA-binding protein that plays a role in regulating stem cell activity, including self-renewal and differentiation propensity. However, the effect of the Lin28a gene on cultured human osteoprecursor cells is poorly understood. In the present study, alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red-positive mineralization, and calcium content, positive indicators of osteogenic differentiation, were significantly higher in cultured human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) with Lin28a overexpression compared with cells without Lin28a overexpression. Lin28a overexpression by hPDCs also increased mitochondrial activity, which is essential for cellular proliferation, as suggested by a reduced presence of reactive oxygen species and significantly enhanced lactate levels and ATP production. Our results suggest that, in hPDCs, the Lin28a gene enhances osteoblastic differentiation and increases mitochondrial activity. Although Lin28a is known as a marker of undifferentiated human embryogenic stem cell, there is limited evidence regarding the influence of Lin28a on osteoblastic differentiation of cultured osteoprecursor cells. This study was to examine the impact of Lin28a on osteogenic phenotypes of human periosteum-derived cells. Their phenotypes can be similar to those of mesenchymal stem cells. Our results suggest that the Lin28a gene enhances the osteoblastic differentiation of human periosteum-derived cells. In addition, the Lin28a gene increases mitochondrial activity in human periosteum-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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13
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Park HC, Son YB, Lee SL, Rho GJ, Kang YH, Park BW, Byun SH, Hwang SC, Cho IA, Cho YC, Sung IY, Woo DK, Byun JH. Effects of Osteogenic-Conditioned Medium from Human Periosteum-Derived Cells on Osteoclast Differentiation. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1389-1401. [PMID: 29200953 PMCID: PMC5707756 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cell-based regenerative medicine using the osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regarded as a promising approach for the therapeutic treatment of various bone defects. The effects of the osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells on osteoclast differentiation may have important implications for use in therapy. However, there is little data regarding the expression of osteoclastogenic proteins during osteoblastic differentiation of human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) and whether factors expressed during this process can modulate osteoclastogenesis. In the present study, we measured expression of RANKL in hPDCs undergoing osteoblastic differentiation and found that expression of RANKL mRNA was markedly increased in these cells in a time-dependent manner. RANKL protein expression was also significantly enhanced in osteogenic-conditioned media from hPDCs undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. We then isolated and cultured CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from umbilical cord blood (UCB) mononuclear cells (MNCs) and found that these cells were well differentiated into several hematopoietic lineages. Finally, we co-cultured human trabecular bone osteoblasts (hOBs) with CD34+ HSCs and used the conditioned medium, collected from hPDCs during osteoblastic differentiation, to investigate whether factors produced during osteoblast maturation can affect osteoclast differentiation. Specifically, we measured the effect of this osteogenic-conditioned media on expression of osteoclastogenic markers and osteoclast cell number. We found that osteoclastic marker gene expression was highest in co-cultures incubated with the conditioned medium collected from hPDCs with the greatest level of osteogenic maturation. Although further study will be needed to clarify the precise mechanisms that underlie osteogenic-conditioned medium-regulated osteoclastogenesis, our results suggest that the osteogenic maturation of hPDCs could promote osteoclastic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chang Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bum Son
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ae Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Cheol Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Iel-Yong Sung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kim MS, Yun JW, Park JH, Park BW, Kang YH, Hah YS, Hwang SC, Woo DK, Byun JH. Autophagy Has a Beneficial Role in Relieving Cigarette Smoke-Induced Apoptotic Death in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:357-64. [PMID: 27226776 PMCID: PMC4879768 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The deleterious role of cigarette smoke has long been documented in various human diseases including periodontal complications. In this report, we examined this adverse effect of cigarette smoke on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) which are critical not only in maintaining gingival tissue architecture but also in mediating immune responses. As well documented in other cell types, we also observed that cigarette smoke promoted cellular reactive oxygen species in HGFs. And we found that this cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress reduced HGF viability through inducing apoptosis. Our results indicated that an increased Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and resulting caspase activation underlie the apoptotic death in HGFs exposed to cigarette smoke. Furthermore, we detected that cigarette smoke also triggered autophagy, an integrated cellular stress response. Interesting, a pharmacological suppression of the cigarette smoke-induced autophagy led to a further reduction in HGF viability while a pharmacological promotion of autophagy increased the viability of HGFs with cigarette smoke exposures. These findings suggest a protective role for autophagy in HGFs stressed with cigarette smoke, highlighting that modulation of autophagy can be a novel therapeutic target in periodontal complications with cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Soo Kim
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Yun
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- 2. Clinical Research Institutue of Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- 4. College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
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15
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Chung JE, Park JH, Yun JW, Kang YH, Park BW, Hwang SC, Cho YC, Sung IY, Woo DK, Byun JH. Cultured Human Periosteum-Derived Cells Can Differentiate into Osteoblasts in a Perioxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma-Mediated Fashion via Bone Morphogenetic Protein signaling. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:806-818. [PMID: 27877072 PMCID: PMC5118751 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards an osteoblastic fate depends on numerous signaling pathways, including activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling components. Commitment to osteogenesis is associated with activation of osteoblast-related signal transduction, whereas inactivation of this signal transduction favors adipogenesis. BMP signaling also has a critical role in the processes by which mesenchymal stem cells undergo commitment to the adipocyte lineage. In our previous study, we demonstrated that an agonist of the perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. In this study, we used dorsomorphin, a selective small molecule inhibitor of BMP signaling, to investigate whether BMP signaling is involved in the positive effects of PPARγ agonists on osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. Both histochemical detection and bioactivity of ALP were clearly increased in the periosteum-derived cells treated with the PPARγ agonist at day 10 of culture. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist also caused an increase in alizarin red S staining and calcium content in the periosteum-derived osteoblasts at 2 and 3 weeks of culture. In contrast, dorsomorphin markedly decreased ALP activity, alizarin red S staining and calcium content in both the cells treated with PPARγ agonist and the cells cultured in osteogenic induction media without PPARγ agonist during the culture period. In addition, the PPARγ agonist clearly increased osteogenic differentiation medium-induced BMP-2 upregulation in the periosteum-derived osteoblastic cells at 2 weeks of culture as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunocytochemical analyses. Although further study will be needed to clarify the mechanisms of PPARγ-regulated osteogenesis, our results suggest that the positive effects of a PPARγ agonist on the osteogenic phenotypes of cultured human periosteum-derived cells seem to be dependent on BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Eun Chung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Cheol Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Iel-Yong Sung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-702, Republic of Korea
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16
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Sung IY, Park BC, Hah YS, Cho HY, Yun JW, Park BW, Kang YH, Kim HC, Hwang SC, Rho GJ, Kim UK, Woo DK, Oh SH, Byun JH. FOXO1 Is Involved in the Effects of Cigarette Smoke Extract on Osteoblastic Differentiation of Cultured Human Periosteum-derived Cells. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:881-90. [PMID: 26640408 PMCID: PMC4643079 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is associated with delayed fracture healing, alterations in mineral content, and osteoporosis, however, its effects on osteoblastic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells are not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteum-derived cells. We found that CSE inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and Runx2 transactivation of the periosteum-derived cells. Nucleofection of RUNX2 into the periosteum-derived cells increased expression of endogenous osteocalcin (OC) and ALP genes in osteogenic induction medium and increased OC expression in non-osteogenic medium. Treatment of the periosteum-derived cells with CSE resulted in decreased phosphorylation of AKT and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). The AKT phosphorylation-resistant mutant, FOXO1-A3, inhibited transcriptional activity of RUNX2 in the periosteum-derived cells. The current study suggests one mechanism by which CSE exposure leads to inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteum-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iel-Yong Sung
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Chan Park
- 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- 2. Clinical Research Institute of Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Cho
- 2. Clinical Research Institute of Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Yun
- 2. Clinical Research Institute of Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- 3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- 3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Cheol Kim
- 4. Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- 5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- 6. OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk-Kyu Kim
- 7. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- 8. College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Heang Oh
- 9. Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook university, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- 3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Jung SH, Kim KY, Woo DK, Lee SS, Jung JH. Tb3+-triggered luminescence in a supramolecular gel and its use as a fluorescent chemoprobe for proteins containing alanine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13107-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Kim Y, Kim D, Lee S, Woo DK, Byun JH, Kwon KY. Synthesis and Morphological Characterization of Calcium Phosphates Prepared under Different NaOH Concentrations. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Ham O, Lee CY, Song BW, Lee SY, Kim R, Park JH, Lee J, Seo HH, Lee CY, Chung YA, Maeng LS, Lee MY, Kim J, Hwang J, Woo DK, Chang W. Upregulation of miR-23b enhances the autologous therapeutic potential for degenerative arthritis by targeting PRKACB in synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells from patients. Mol Cells 2014; 37:449-56. [PMID: 24916040 PMCID: PMC4086338 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SFMSCs) obtained from patients with degenerative arthropathy may serve as an alternative therapeutic strategy in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). For treatment of OA and RA patients, autologous transplantation of differentiated MSCs has several beneficial effects for cartilage regeneration including immunomodulatory activity. In this study, we induced chondrogenic differentiation of SFMSCs by inhibiting protein kinase A (PKA) with a small molecule and microRNA (miRNA). Chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by PCR and immunocytochemistry using probes specific for aggrecan, the major cartilaginous proteoglycan gene. Absorbance of alcian blue stain to detect chondrogenic differentiation was increased in H-89 and/or miRNA-23btransfected cells. Furthermore, expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 was decreased in treated cells. Therefore, differentiation of SFMSCs into chondrocytes through inhibition of PKA signaling may be a therapeutic option for OA or RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onju Ham
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752,
Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752,
Korea
| | - Chang Youn Lee
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-759,
Korea
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752,
Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752,
Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752,
Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752,
Korea
| | - Ran Kim
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Park
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-759,
Korea
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752,
Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752,
Korea
| | - Hyang-Hee Seo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752,
Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752,
Korea
| | - Chae Yoon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Incheon 403-720,
Korea
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Incheon 403-720,
Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Jihwan Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701,
Korea
| | - Woochul Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735,
Korea
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20
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Hah YS, Joo HH, Kang YH, Park BW, Hwang SC, Kim JW, Sung IY, Rho GJ, Woo DK, Byun JH. Cultured human periosteal-derived cells have inducible adipogenic activity and can also differentiate into osteoblasts in a perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor-mediated fashion. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:1116-28. [PMID: 25170294 PMCID: PMC4147637 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.9611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the adipogenic activity of cultured human periosteal-derived cells and studied perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligand-mediated differentiation of cultured human periosteal-derived cells into osteoblasts. Periosteal-derived cells expressed adipogenic markers, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBP- α), C/EBP-δ, aP2, leptin, LPL, and PPARγ. Lipid vesicles were formed in the cytoplasm of periosteal-derived cells. Thus, periosteal-derived cells have potential adipogenic activity. The PPARα and PPARγ agonists, WY14643 and pioglitazone, respectively, did not modulate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in periosteal-derived cells during induced osteoblastic differentiation, however, the PPARα and PPARγ antagonists, GW6471 and T0070907, respectively, both decreased ALP activity in these cells. WY14643 did not affect, whereas pioglitazone enhanced, alizarin red-positive mineralization and calcium content in the periosteal-derived cells. GW6471 and T0070907 both decreased mineralization and calcium content. By RT-PCR, pioglitazone significantly increased ALP expression in periosteal-derived cells between culture day 3 and 2 weeks. Pioglitazone increased Runx2 expression after 3 days, which declined thereafter, but did not alter osteocalcin expression. Both of GW6471 and T0070907 decreased ALP mRNA expression. These results suggest that pioglitazone enhances osteoblastic differentiation of periosteal-derived cells by increasing Runx2 and ALP mRNA expression, and increasing mineralization. GW6471 and T0070907 inhibit osteoblastic differentiation of the periosteal-derived cells by decreasing ALP expression and mineralization in the periosteal-derived cells. In conclusion, although further study will be needed to clarify the mechanisms of PPAR-regulated osteogenesis, our results suggest that PPARγ agonist stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of cultured human periosteal-derived cells and PPARα and PPARγ antagonists inhibit osteoblastic differentiation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sool Hah
- 1. Clinical Research Institute of Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Joo
- 2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kang
- 2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- 2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Kim
- 4. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Iel-Yong Sung
- 5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- 6. OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Woo
- 7. College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- 2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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21
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Woo DK, Jung YW, O'Brien KM, Poyton RO. Molecular characterization of a mitochondrial mutant carrying point mutations in the 3′ untranslated region of theCOX3mRNA fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2013.782898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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22
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Kim S, Jung JH, Kim DH, Woo DK, Park JB, Choi MY, Kwon KY. Preparation of Ruthenium Incorporated Heterogeneous Catalysts Using Hydroxyapatite as Catalytic Supports for Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.1.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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West AP, Brodsky IE, Rahner C, Woo DK, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Walsh MC, Choi Y, Shadel GS, Ghosh S. TLR signalling augments macrophage bactericidal activity through mitochondrial ROS. Nature 2011; 472:476-80. [PMID: 21525932 PMCID: PMC3460538 DOI: 10.1038/nature09973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1121] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential components of the innate immune response against intracellular bacteria and it is thought that professional phagocytes generate ROS primarily via the phagosomal NADPH oxidase machinery. However, recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial ROS (mROS) also contribute to mouse macrophage bactericidal activity, although the mechanisms linking innate immune signalling to mitochondria for mROS generation remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that engagement of a subset of Toll-like receptors (TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4) results in the recruitment of mitochondria to macrophage phagosomes and augments mROS production. This response involves translocation of a TLR signalling adaptor, tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), to mitochondria, where it engages the protein ECSIT (evolutionarily conserved signalling intermediate in Toll pathways), which is implicated in mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly. Interaction with TRAF6 leads to ECSIT ubiquitination and enrichment at the mitochondrial periphery, resulting in increased mitochondrial and cellular ROS generation. ECSIT- and TRAF6-depleted macrophages have decreased levels of TLR-induced ROS and are significantly impaired in their ability to kill intracellular bacteria. Additionally, reducing macrophage mROS levels by expressing catalase in mitochondria results in defective bacterial killing, confirming the role of mROS in bactericidal activity. These results reveal a novel pathway linking innate immune signalling to mitochondria, implicate mROS as an important component of antibacterial responses and further establish mitochondria as hubs for innate immune signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Phillip West
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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24
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Abstract
In this issue, Durieux et al. (2011) describe a tissue-specific signal, originating from mitochondria, that acts cell non-autonomously to regulate life span in the nematode, C. elegans. This new finding provides a first step toward resolving the relative contributions of mitochondrial free radical damage and signaling mechanisms in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyun Woo
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA
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25
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Lee HY, Choi CS, Birkenfeld AL, Alves TC, Jornayvaz FR, Jurczak MJ, Zhang D, Woo DK, Shadel GS, Ladiges W, Rabinovitch PS, Santos JH, Petersen KF, Samuel VT, Shulman GI. Targeted expression of catalase to mitochondria prevents age-associated reductions in mitochondrial function and insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2010; 12:668-74. [PMID: 21109199 PMCID: PMC3013349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging-associated muscle insulin resistance has been hypothesized to be due to decreased mitochondrial function, secondary to cumulative free radical damage, leading to increased intramyocellular lipid content. To directly test this hypothesis, we examined both in vivo and in vitro mitochondrial function, intramyocellular lipid content, and insulin action in lean healthy mice with targeted overexpression of the human catalase gene to mitochondria (MCAT mice). Here, we show that MCAT mice are protected from age-induced decrease in muscle mitochondrial function (∼30%), energy metabolism (∼7%), and lipid-induced muscle insulin resistance. This protection from age-induced reduction in mitochondrial function was associated with reduced mitochondrial oxidative damage, preserved mitochondrial respiration and muscle ATP synthesis, and AMP-activated protein kinase-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, these data suggest that the preserved mitochondrial function maintained by reducing mitochondrial oxidative damage may prevent age-associated whole-body energy imbalance and muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Young Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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26
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells respond to low oxygen concentrations by upregulating hypoxic and downregulating aerobic nuclear genes (hypoxic signaling). Most of the oxygen-regulated genes in yeast require the mitochondrial respiratory chain for their up- or downregulation when cells experience hypoxia. Although it was shown previously that the mitochondrial respiratory chain is required for the upregulation of some hypoxic genes in both yeast and mammalian cells, its underlying role in this process has been unclear. Recently, we have reported that mitochondria produce nitric oxide (NO(*)) when oxygen becomes limiting. This NO(*) production is nitrite (NO(2) (-))-dependent, requires an electron donor, and is carried out by cytochrome c oxidase in a pH-dependent fashion. We call this activity Cco/NO(*) and incorporate it into a new model for hypoxic signaling. In addition, we have found that some of the NO(*) produced by Cco/NO(*) is released from cells, raising the possibility that mitochondrially generated NO(*) also functions in extracellular hypoxic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Poyton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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27
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Woo DK, Poyton RO. The absence of a mitochondrial genome in rho0 yeast cells extends lifespan independently of retrograde regulation. Exp Gerontol 2009; 44:390-7. [PMID: 19285548 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The absence of mtDNA in rho0 yeast cells affects both respiration and mitochondrial-nuclear communication (e.g., retrograde regulation, intergenomic signaling, or pleiotropic drug resistance). Previously, it has been reported that some rho0 strains have increased replicative lifespans, attributable to the lack of respiration and retrograde regulation. Here, we have been able to confirm that rho0 cells exhibit increased replicative lifespans but have found that this is not associated with the lack of respiration or reduced oxidative stress but instead, is related to the lack of mtDNA per se in rho0 cells. Also, we find no correlation between the strength of retrograde regulation and lifespan. Furthermore, we find that pdr3- or rtg2- mutations are not responsible for lifespan extension in rho0 cells, ruling out a specific role for PDR3-pleiotropic drug resistance or RGT2-retrograde regulation pathways in the extended lifespans of rho0 cells. Surprisingly, Rtg3p, which acts downstream of Rtg2p, is required for lifespan increase in rho0 cells. Together, these findings indicate that the loss of mtDNA per se and not the lack of respiration lead to extended longevity in rho0 cells. They also suggest that Rtg3p, acting independently of retrograde regulation, mediates this effect, possibly via intergenomic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyun Woo
- The Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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28
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Woo DK, Phang TL, Trawick JD, Poyton RO. Multiple pathways of mitochondrial-nuclear communication in yeast: Intergenomic signaling involves ABF1 and affects a different set of genes than retrograde regulation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 2009; 1789:135-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 09/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Kim HS, Woo DK, Bae SI, Kim YI, Kim WH. Allelotype of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of the stomach. Cancer Detect Prev 2001; 25:237-44. [PMID: 11425265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify the significant allelic loss involving the gastric adenoma-carcinoma sequence, we used 49 genome-wide microsatellite markers in an allelotype study of 30 cases of stomach resections that harbored both adenomas and carcinomas. Frequent loss of heterozygosity was demonstrated on 12q (53.3%), 2p (50.0%), and 18p (50.0%) in adenomas and on 8q (80.0%), 2p (70.0%), 18p (66.7%), and 17p (61.9%) in carcinomas. Significant difference in the loss of heterozygosity rate between the adenoma and the carcinoma was noted on 17p. Our results suggested that the critical target of loss of heterozygosity in gastric adenomacarcinoma sequences may be the p53 gene on 17p.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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30
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Abstract
beta-catenin serves not only as a structural component of the E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion system, but also as a signaling molecule of the Wnt/wingless pathway. Deregulated expression of beta-catenin and mutations of the gene have been identified in a number of human malignancies. To determine the role of beta-catenin defects in stomach cancer, we investigated beta-catenin exon 3 mutations and altered protein expression in 77 primary gastric carcinomas and 11 cell lines. In addition, the immunohistochemical expression pattern of beta-catenin in 303 consecutive gastric cancers was determined and their relationships with clinicopathologic features and patient outcome were investigated. This study revealed 5% (4 of 77) tumors and 27% (3 of 11) cell lines with beta-catenin gene alteration, 6 missense mutations, and 1 interstitial deletion. These genetic changes were shown to correlate closely with nuclear localization of the protein (p = 0.001). In an immunohistochemical analysis, abnormal expressions of beta-catenin, such as nuclear accumulation and loss of membranous distribution, were detected in 27% (81 of 303) of tumors overall. These altered beta-catenin expressions were more commonly observed in 37% (58 of 158) diffuse type gastric carcinomas (p < 0.001). Loss of membranous beta-catenin staining was associated with poor survival (p = 0.045). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that beta-catenin mutations are common in gastric cancer cell lines but occur infrequently in gastric carcinoma tissues. These mutations are one of the causes of the nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin. Frequent abnormalities of beta-catenin expression in gastric carcinoma support the idea that both structural and signaling functions of the protein play a critical role in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Woo
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Abstract
beta-catenin serves not only as a structural component of the E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion system, but also as a signaling molecule of the Wnt/wingless pathway. Deregulated expression of beta-catenin and mutations of the gene have been identified in a number of human malignancies. To determine the role of beta-catenin defects in stomach cancer, we investigated beta-catenin exon 3 mutations and altered protein expression in 77 primary gastric carcinomas and 11 cell lines. In addition, the immunohistochemical expression pattern of beta-catenin in 303 consecutive gastric cancers was determined and their relationships with clinicopathologic features and patient outcome were investigated. This study revealed 5% (4 of 77) tumors and 27% (3 of 11) cell lines with beta-catenin gene alteration, 6 missense mutations, and 1 interstitial deletion. These genetic changes were shown to correlate closely with nuclear localization of the protein (p = 0.001). In an immunohistochemical analysis, abnormal expressions of beta-catenin, such as nuclear accumulation and loss of membranous distribution, were detected in 27% (81 of 303) of tumors overall. These altered beta-catenin expressions were more commonly observed in 37% (58 of 158) diffuse type gastric carcinomas (p < 0.001). Loss of membranous beta-catenin staining was associated with poor survival (p = 0.045). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that beta-catenin mutations are common in gastric cancer cell lines but occur infrequently in gastric carcinoma tissues. These mutations are one of the causes of the nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin. Frequent abnormalities of beta-catenin expression in gastric carcinoma support the idea that both structural and signaling functions of the protein play a critical role in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Woo
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Abstract
We tested three mononucleotide, 45 dinucleotide, and five tetranucleotide repeats in 30 gastric adenomas and 30 gastric carcinomas for microsatellite instability (MSI) in order to evaluate which microsatellites might indicate the MSI status in gastric neoplasms. Along with the increase in tested markers, the proportion of low-frequency MSI (MSI-L) tumors increased. On immunohistochemistry, MSI-L gastric neoplasms did not show any alteration in hMLH1 or hMSH2 protein expression, while most of the high-frequency MSI (MSI-H) tumors did show alterations in the above mismatch repair proteins. The above findings suggested that MSI-L tumors cannot be distinguished from microsatellite stable tumors. Two mononucleotides, BAT25 and BAT26, were sufficient for the screening of MSI. An additional three dinucleotides, D17S786, D6S105 and D19S188, were also highly sensitive and specific in identifying MSI phenotype tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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33
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Abstract
Synchronous gastric carcinomas are found in 4% to 10% of all gastric carcinomas, and the tumor multiplicity is believed to be related to genetic predisposition. To investigate the role of mismatch repair error in synchronous gastric carcinomas, we analyzed the microsatellite instability (MSI) status of 101 cancers from 48 gastrectomy specimens and compared them with 149 solitary gastric carcinomas. Multiple synchronous gastric carcinomas are characterized by slightly older age, predominance in males, early stage and lower lymph node metastasis. Among the 48 cases, 8 (18 lesions) were associated with a gastric adenoma (type I) and 40 (83 lesions) were not associated with a gastric adenoma (type II). The MSI+ rate was 50% in the type I and 8.4% in the type II synchronous gastric carcinomas (p < 0.001), while that of solitary gastric carcinomas was 9.4%. In addition, the frameshift mutation rates of the TGF-betaRII, BAX and hMSH3 genes in the type I synchronous carcinomas were higher than those in the type II synchronous carcinomas. These findings indicate that a defect in the mismatch repair system might play a role in the carcinogenesis of a minor subset of multiple gastric carcinomas associated with adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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34
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Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) due to defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a form of genomic instability underlying the tumorigenesis of various human neoplasms. To evaluate the roles of MSI in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinomas with squamous differentiation, 17 primary stomach cancer patients (15 adenosquamous and two squamous cell carcinomas) were examined for MSI frequency using five microsatellite markers and the criteria for MSI recommended by the National Cancer Institute Workshop. The molecular causes and consequences of MSI in these neoplasms were further researched through the immunohistochemistry of MMR proteins and the mutational analysis of cancer-associated genes targeted by MSI, respectively. Two of the 17 (12%) cases demonstrated MSI at the most examined loci and were classified as having high level MSI (MSI-H). These tumors also exhibited frame-shift mutations at mononucleotide repeats in the target genes, including TGFbetaRII, IGFIIR, BAX, and hMSH6. It is interesting to note that the mutations of the serine (AGC)13 repeats within the E2F-4 gene were found only in the squamous cell carcinoma portions of them, whereas such alterations were not detected in any of the adenocarcinomatous portions. This suggests that E2F-4 might be implicated in the transformation of adenocarcinoma into squamous cell carcinoma and further studies are needed to understand its role in squamous differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Woo
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Han HS, Kim HS, Woo DK, Kim WH, Kim YI. Loss of heterozygosity in gastric neuroendocrine tumor. Anticancer Res 2000; 20:2849-54. [PMID: 11062692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The MEN1 gene locus is known to be partly responsible for the tumorigenesis of sporadic gastric neuroendocrine tumors, but the genetic events that drive the neoplastic process of this tumor remain largely unknown. In order to screen the tumor suppressor genes associated with the tumorigenesis of gastric neuroendocrine tumors, 15 neuroendocrine carcinomas and three carcinoid tumors in the stomach were analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using 22 microsatellite markers. In our study, the gastric neuroendocrine tumors showed a high rate of LOH in chromosomes 8p (82%), 15q (58%), 17p (57%), llp (50%), 12p (50%) and 13q (50%). The mean fractional allelic loss (FAL) was higher in the neuroendocrine carcinoma components than in the adenocarcinoma components (0.42 versus 0.33, respectively). In four cases, the adenocarcinoma components showed discordant LOH patterns from those of the neuroendocrine counterparts in half of the informative chromosomes analyzed. Comparably, the gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas exhibited a higher LOH frequency on 8p and a lower LOH on 7q than did the gastric adenocarcinomas. It is suggested that chromosome 8p is the possible location of the tumor suppressor genes associated with the tumorigenesis of gastric neuroendocrine tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Carcinoid Tumor/classification
- Carcinoid Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoid Tumor/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/classification
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/classification
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/classification
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Female
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins
- Stomach Neoplasms/classification
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Han
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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36
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia is recognized as a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. However, the mechanism of homocysteine effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation, which is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, is unknown. The object of this study was to test the effects of homocysteine on smooth muscle cell proliferation, and to examine the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2, that are known to be involved in cell proliferation. METHODS For the proliferation study, bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (BASMC, 10, 000/well) were allowed to grow for 2 days before 2 mmol/L D,L -homocysteine was added for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days to simulate the clinical hyperhomocysteinemic condition. For the MAP kinase study, quiescent BASMC were exposed to 2 mmol/L D,L -homocysteine for 1.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes, and the active forms of MAP kinase were detected with Western immunoblotting. The degree of phosphorylation of MAP kinase was determined by densitometry. RESULTS D,L -homocysteine stimulated BASMC proliferation by 20% by day 8. MAP kinase phosphorylation was activated as much as six fold by D,L -homocysteine, with a peak at 30 minutes. PD98059, an inhibitor of MAP kinase phosphorylation, inhibited the homocysteine-induced MAP kinase phosphorylation and attenuated the increase in BASMC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with the hypothesis that D,L -homocysteine stimulation of BASMC proliferation involves MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Woo
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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37
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Abstract
Sixty-three cases of stomach resections harboring both adenoma and carcinoma were analyzed for microsatellite instability (MSI). The cases included 28 carcinomas arising from adenoma (Type I) and 35 carcinomas with separate adenoma (Type II). The results of MSI assessed by 49 markers were the same for BAT-26 instability. The incidence of MSI was 21% in gastric adenoma and 30% in gastric carcinoma, which is significantly higher than gastric carcinoma without associated adenoma (p < 0.01). Five of eight (63%) cases of multiple carcinomas associated with adenoma showed MSI+ in adenoma and in one or more carcinoma lesion(s). Eight of thirteen (62%) MSI+ adenomas were associated with carcinoma, whereas 20 of 50 (40%) MSI adenomas were associated with carcinoma. MSI+ adenomas of Type I showed a higher mutation rate of the TGF-beta RII gene than Type II (88% versus 40%). Gastric adenoma with TGF-beta RII gene mutation was more prone to transform into carcinoma (p = 0.03). This study revealed that gastric carcinoma arising from adenoma is frequently associated with a mismatch repair deficiency mechanism. In the gastric adenoma-carcinoma sequence, TGF-beta RII gene mutation occurred early in the adenoma stage and it persisted after malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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38
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Abstract
The expression of p53, p16 and RB proteins and their clinicopathologic correlation were investigated in 15 cases of primary gastric adenosquamous carcinoma and 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach. The male to female ratio of the patients was 13:4 and the average age was 55.7 years. None of the cases was early gastric carcinoma, and none of the adenocarcinoma components were of the diffuse or signet ring cell types. Fourteen cases showed metastasis to regional lymph nodes and/or other organs at the time of surgery. The adenocarcinoma component was metastasized to lymph nodes in 12 cases, and both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma components were metastasized in three cases. The altered expression of p53 correlated with the advanced stage, but did not correlate with the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis or recurrence. The altered expression of p16 and RB proteins did not correlate with any of the above clinico-pathologic factors. Both the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma components revealed an inverse correlation between the expression pattern of p16 and RB proteins (p < 0.05). This suggests that the two proteins share a role in the carcinogenesis of these tumors. The expression pattern of p53 proteins in the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma components was exactly the same in all of the cases. The expression patterns of p16 and RB protein were also identical in most of the cases. The expression patterns of all three proteins in the metastatic lesions were also identical to those in the primary lesions. The fact that the alteration of the three tumor suppressor gene products shares the same pattern suggests that squamous and adenocarcinoma components in the stomach originate from the same or a genetically related clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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