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Chen J, Ye W. Molecular mechanisms underlying Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction treating hyperpigmentation based on network pharmacology, Mendelian randomization analysis, and experimental verification. Pharm Biol 2024; 62:296-313. [PMID: 38555860 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2330609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperpigmentation, a common skin condition marked by excessive melanin production, currently has limited effective treatment options. OBJECTIVE This study explores the effects of Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction (THSWD) on hyperpigmentation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed network pharmacology, Mendelian randomization, and molecular docking to identify THSWD's hub targets and mechanisms against hyperpigmentation. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay determined suitable THSWD treatment concentrations for PIG1 cells. These cells were exposed to graded concentrations of THSWD-containing serum (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) and treated with α-MSH (100 nM) to induce an in vitro hyperpigmentation model. Assessments included melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and Western blotting. RESULTS ALB, IL6, and MAPK3 emerged as primary targets, while quercetin, apigenin, and luteolin were the core active ingredients. The CCK-8 assay indicated that concentrations between 2.5% and 20% were suitable for PIG1 cells, with a 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of 32.14%. THSWD treatment significantly reduced melanin content and tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-induced PIG1 cells, along with downregulating MC1R and MITF expression. THSWD increased ALB and p-MAPK3/MAPK3 levels and decreased IL6 expression in the model cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION THSWD mitigates hyperpigmentation by targeting ALB, IL6, and MAPK3. This study paves the way for clinical applications of THSWD as a novel treatment for hyperpigmentation and offers new targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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2
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Guo Y, Ming Y, Sun K, Dong X, Nakamura Y, Dong X, Qi H. Polyphenol oxidase mediates (-)-epigallocatechin gallate to inhibit endogenous cathepsin activity in Apostichopus japonicus. Food Chem 2024; 449:139166. [PMID: 38604025 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Apostichopus japonicus (A. japonicus) has rich nutritional value and is an important economic crop. Due to its rich endogenous enzyme system, fresh A. japonicus is prone to autolysis during market circulation and storage, resulting in economic losses. In order to alleviate this phenomenon, we investigated the effect of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) mediated (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the activity and structure of endogenous cathepsin series protein (CEP) from A. japonicus. Research on cathepsin activity showed that PPO mediated EGCG could significantly reduce enzyme activity, resulting in a decrease in enzymatic reaction rate. SDS-PAGE and scanning electron microscopy results showed that PPO mediates EGCG could induce CEP aggregation to form protein aggregates. Various spectral results indicated that EGCG caused changes in the structure of CEP. Meanwhile, the conjugates formed by PPO mediated EGCG had lower thermal stability. In conclusion, PPO mediated EGCG was an effective method to inhibit the endogenous enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Guo
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Centre of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yu Ming
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Centre of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Kailing Sun
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Centre of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiufang Dong
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xiuping Dong
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Centre of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hang Qi
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Centre of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Honda S, Matsuda T, Fujimuro M, Sekine Y. Tyrosinase regulates the motility of human melanoma cell line A375 through its hydroxylase enzymatic activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 707:149785. [PMID: 38503150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma, originating from melanocytes, is a highly aggressive tumor. Tyrosinase is involved in melanin production in melanocytes, and its overexpression is noted in malignant melanomas. However, the role of tyrosinase in melanomas remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential functions of tyrosinase in the human melanoma cell line A375. The expression level of tyrosinase in A375 cells was undetectable. However, markedly increased expression level was observed in the mouse melanoma cell line B16F10 and the human melanoma cell line WM266-4. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of ectopic tyrosinase expression on A375 cell motility using wound-healing assay. The overexpression of tyrosinase resulted in enhanced cell migration in both stable and transient tyrosinase expression cells. The levels of filamentous actin were decreased in tyrosinase-expressing A375 cells, suggesting that tyrosinase regulates cell motility by modulating actin polymerization. Histidine residues in tyrosinase are important for its enzymatic activity for synthesizing melanin. Substitution of these histidine residues to alanine residues mitigated the promotion of tyrosinase-induced A375 cell metastasis. Furthermore, melanin treatment enhanced A375 cell metastasis and phosphorylation of Cofilin. Thus, our findings suggest that tyrosinase increases the migration of A375 cells by regulating actin polymerization through its enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Honda
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujimuro
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sekine
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
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Chen D, Ji Y, Sun S, Pu S. A turn-on fluorescence probe for imaging tyrosinase at the wound site in broken tail of zebrafish. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107298. [PMID: 38503025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) is a copper-containing oxidase that affects the synthesis of melanin in the human body, which is regulate to the pigmentation of the skin. Nevertheless, abnormal expression of TYR can lead to albinism, vitiligo and other skin diseases. Excessive accumulation of TYR is a marker of melanoma cancer and an important factor leading to pigmentation during wound healing, freckles and browning of fruits and vegetables. Efficient tracking of TYR is of significance for studying its pathophysiological mechanism. Herein, we synthesized a benzindole-based fluorescent probe Pro-OH to detect TYR in living cells and zebrafish. The probe displayed a high selectivity and sensitivity in distinguishing TYR from other analytes with the low detection limit of 1.024 U/mL. Importantly, Pro-OH was successfully used to imagine TYR at the wound site of broken tail of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Shiran Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutral New Energy Research, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330031, PR China.
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5
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George N, Devi DG. Phytonano silver for cosmetic formulation- synthesis, characterization, and assessment of antimicrobial and anti tyrosinase potential. Discov Nano 2024; 19:65. [PMID: 38619662 PMCID: PMC11018589 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Novel formulations of silver nanoparticles remain exciting if it is applicable for cosmetic purposes. This study proposes a value-added brand-new nanomaterial for improving skin complexion by inhibiting melanin development. This work aims to develop cost effective, efficient, natural silver nanoparticles phytomediated by aqueous extract of leaf sheath scales of Cocos nucifera (Cn-AgNPs) having potential as tyrosinase inhibitors hindering melanin synthesis. The formation of Cn-AgNPs was assessed spectrophotometrically and confirmed by the sharp SPR spectrum at 425 nm. The chemical composition profiling was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphology was confirmed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and the thermal stability was assessed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Pharmacological application studies supported the materialization of Cn-AgNPs with significant antityrosinase potential and considerably improved antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Cn-AgNPs showed potential antibacterial effects against gram-positive and negative strains, including prominent infectious agents of the skin. Antioxidant capacity was confirmed with an IC50 of 57.8 μg/mL by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Furthermore, in vitro melanin content determination was performed using SK-MEL cells. Cell line studies proved that Cn-AgNPs decrease the melanin content of cells. The IC50 value obtained was 84.82 μg/mL. Hence Cn-AgNPs is proposed to be acting as a whitening agent through lessening cellular melanin content and as a significant inhibitor of tyrosinase activity. The antioxidant properties and antibacterial effects can contribute to skin rejuvenation and can prevent skin infections as well. This evidence proposes the development of a new nanostructured pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulation from Cocos nucifera leaf sheath scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu George
- Department of Biochemistry, Pazhassiraja College, Pulpally, Wayanad, Kerala, 673579, India
| | - D Gayathri Devi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India.
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6
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Wang T, Liu F, Chen C, Lu Y. Fluorometric "AND" logic gate for detection of tyramine and tyrosinase based on in-situ formation of silicon-containing nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1298:342415. [PMID: 38462342 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyramine is an important index of food freshness degree, and tyrosinase that can specifically oxidized monophenolamine to catecholamine plays a crucial part in the occurrence and development of melanin-related skin diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to develop sensitive and efficient methods for the detection of tyramine and tyrosinase. RESULTS In this work, encouraged by tyrosinase-triggered specific oxidation of tyramine to dopamine and the unique fluorescent reaction between dopamine and amino silane, we have developed a one-step synthetic strategy of silicon containing nanoparticles (Si CNPs) for "turn-on" detection of tyramine and tyrosinase. The Si CNPs formed with thoroughly studied mechanism exhibit uniform structure and robust yellow-green fluorescence. The low detection limits for tyramine (1.87 μM) and tyrosinase (0.0029 U/mL) demonstrate admirable sensitivity outstripping most methods. The proposed assay achieves satisfactory results in the determination of tyramine and tyrosinase activity in real samples. Furthermore, we leverage this new fluorescent assay to enable the fabrication of an "AND" Boolean logic gate. SIGNIFICANCE The entire process can be completed at easily available temperature and pressure with rapid response, convenient operation and visual observation. This fluorescent assay featured with excellent sensitivity, selectivity and stability has considerable prospects in the application of biosensors and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Fangning Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Chuanxia Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Yizhong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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García Molina P, Saura-Sanmartin A, Berna J, Teruel JA, Muñoz Muñoz JL, Rodríguez López JN, García Cánovas F, García Molina F. Considerations about the inhibition of monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase. Characterization of the inhibitor concentration which generates 50 % of inhibition, type and inhibition constants. A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131513. [PMID: 38608979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper oxidase enzyme which catalyzes the first two steps in the melanogenesis pathway, L-tyrosine to L-dopa conversion and, then, to o-dopaquinone and dopachrome. Hypopigmentation and, above all, hyperpigmentation issues can be originated depending on their activity. This enzyme also promotes the browning of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, control of their activity by regulators is research topic of great relevance. In this work, we consider the use of inhibitors of monophenolase and diphenolase activities of the enzyme in order to accomplish such control. An experimental design and data analysis which allow the accurate calculation of the degree of inhibition of monophenolase activity (iM) and diphenolase activity (iD) are proposed. The IC50 values (amount of inhibitor that causes 50 % inhibition at a fixed substrate concentration) can be calculated for the two activities and from the values of IC50M (monophenolase) and IC50D(diphenolase). Additionally, the strength and type of inhibition can be deduced from these values. The data analysis from these IC50D values allows to obtain the values of [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] , or and [Formula: see text] from the values of IC50M. In all cases, the values of the different must satisfy their relationship with IC50M and IC50D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Teruel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Muñoz Muñoz
- Microbial Enzymology Lab, Department of Applied Sciences, Ellison Building A, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jose Neptuno Rodríguez López
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco García Cánovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco García Molina
- Department of Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Intendente Jorge Palacios, 1, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
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Meng XJ, Zhang YR, Li JJ, Wang JZ, Jia JX. A Cu 2+ fluorescent chemosensor suitable for quantitative detection of tyrosinase in potatoes over a wide pH range. ANAL SCI 2024:10.1007/s44211-024-00546-2. [PMID: 38522044 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cu2+ as an important trace element plays an essential role in various biologic processes due to the unique redox active nature. For this reason, much effort has been made to develop effective methods for Cu2+ detection. In this study, a novel structure fluorescent chemosensor, 1-(6-(((5-(5, 5-difluoro-1, 3, 7, 9-tetramethyl-5H-4λ4, 5λ4-dipyrrolo[1, 2-c:2', 1'-f][1, 3, 2] diazaborinin-10-yl)quinolin-8-yl)oxy)methyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N, N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine (1), was synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Sensor 1 showed an obviously "on-off" fluorescence response to Cu2+ with a 1:1 binding stoichiometry by UV-vis and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The detection limit of sensor 1 to Cu2+ was determined to be 1.9 µM, and the stable pH range for Cu2+ detection was from 3 to 13. Sensor 1 can be used for recognition and detection of tyrosinase in potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Jiao Meng
- Basic Sciences Depart, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Basic Sciences Depart, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Basic Sciences Depart, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China.
| | - Jin-Zhao Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Xian Jia
- Basic Sciences Depart, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
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Rudrappa M, Santosh Kumar M, Basavarajappa DS, Hiremath H, Hugar A, Almansour AI, Kantli GB, Nayaka S. Bioproduction, purification, partial characterization and phenol removal efficacy of tyrosinase enzyme from Streptomyces sp. strain MR28. Environ Res 2024; 251:118701. [PMID: 38508362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The study focused on the production of the tyrosinase enzyme from Streptomyces sp. MR28 and its potency in removal of phenol content from water using free and immobilized tyrosinase enzyme. The tyrosinase was produced by Streptomyces sp. MR28 in liquid tyrosine broth medium, and it was further purified to near its homogeneity by employing, precipitation, dialysis, and column chromatography. After the purification, 44.49% yield with a 4 fold purification was achieved. The characterization of the purified enzyme showed a single major peak on HPLC and a solitary band on SDS-PAGE. The purified tyrosinase enzyme was active at a pH of 7.0 and a temperature of 30 °C. Further immobilization of purified tyrosinase was performed using the sodium alginate entrapment method. The capacity of the purified tyrosinase to remove phenol in water was evaluated by spectrophotometric method. The free tyrosinase enzyme-treated solutions showed a gradual decrease in the concentration of phenol with increased incubation time at 30 °C and 40 °C, at 90 min of the incubation time, it showed maximum efficacy in removing phenol from the solution. At 50 °C and 60 °C, the free tyrosinase enzyme exhibited very less capacity to remove the phenol. The immobilized enzyme showed good capacity for the removal of phenol from the solutions; the concentration of phenol in the solution decreased with an increase in the incubation time. At temperatures of 40 °C and 50 °C, the immobilized tyrosinase enzyme beads showed significant removal of phenol from the solution, and at temperatures of 30 °C and 60 °C, they also exhibited good capacity for the removal of phenol. At the end of the 90 min incubation period, it exhibited good capability. The current study suggests using immobilized microbial tyrosinase enzyme can be used for the removal of phenol from the contaminated water in a greener manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraj Rudrappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India.
| | - M Santosh Kumar
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Davangere University, Davangere, 577007, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Halaswamy Hiremath
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil Hugar
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gireesh Babu Kantli
- Department of Life Sciences, PIAS, Parul University, Vadodara, 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India.
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Liu F, Xu T, He J, Jiang Y, Qu L, Wang L, Ma J, Yang Q, Wu W, Sun D, Chen Y. Exploring the potential of white birch sap: A natural alternative to traditional skin whitening agents with reduced side effects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26715. [PMID: 38455547 PMCID: PMC10918162 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Common tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors used in cosmetics, such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and arbutin, can cause side effects including erythema, skin peeling, and dryness. Therefore, the development of natural whitening agents that offer excellent permeability, minimal irritation, and high safety has become a primary focus in the field of TYR inhibitors. In this study, we demonstrate that White birch sap (WBS), within a safe concentration range, effectively reduces TYR activity and melanin content in both B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and zebrafish larvae. Importantly, WBS exhibits minimal irritation to neutrophils in fluorescent zebrafish and does not affect the behavior of adult zebrafish. Furthermore, WBS downregulates the gene expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, TYR, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2 in B16F10 cells. In conclusion, our research confirms that WBS, a naturally derived substance, offers high safety and mild effects, making it a promising candidate for a skin-whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiaxuan He
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yiting Jiang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Linkai Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 32400, China
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Adeyanju MM, Ademakinwa AN. Tyrosinase from the pulps of local cultivars of Musa spp: Purification, characterization, immobilization, and application in the batch production of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38445841 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2324084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in browning reactions in plants/crops exposed to mechanical injury, was isolated from the pulp of some different locally available bananas (M. cavendish, M. acuminata, and M. paradisiaca). Tyrosinase from the pulps was extracted, purified, immobilized, and characterized. Thereafter, the potentials of the immobilized tyrosinase in the possible production of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) in an improvised batch reactor was exploited using tyrosine and ascorbate as the substrates. L-DOPA production was monitored via thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry (Arnow's method). L-DOPA is a drug that is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Hence, this study exploited a non-chemical route for its synthesis using the tyrosinase obtained from the banana pulps. The purified tyrosinase had an optimum pH and temperature of 6.5 and 7.0, respectively. The molecular weight of the purified tyrosinase was 45 kDa. Quercetin and resorcinol both competitively inhibited the purified tyrosinase from the three cultivars. Immobilized M. cavendish tyrosinase produced the highest concentration (0.60 mM) of L-DOPA after 8 h in an improvised batch reactor. The tyrosinase in the banana pulps serves as a cheap and readily available green route for the possible production of L-DOPA.
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12
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Kim JH, Sim WJ, Nam J, Park SH, Song JH, Nam TG, Kim JH, Lim W, Lim TG. Skin-whitening effects of Spergularia marina by suppressing MITF translocation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:925-933. [PMID: 38371694 PMCID: PMC10866852 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Spergularia marina is a plant that grows in salty regions along the coastline and exerts radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the skin-whitening effects of S. marina extract (SME) in B16F10 melanoma cells. SME was found to exert radical-scavenging effects. It suppressed α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity. We also assessed the melanin production signaling pathway to identify the inhibitory action mechanism of SME on melanogenesis. SME decreased the protein expression levels of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase, which play important roles in melanogenesis. Furthermore, western blotting revealed that SME inhibited the nuclear translocation of melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF), which is a transcription factor for TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase, suggesting that SME exerts its skin-whitening effect by inhibiting MITF nuclear translocation. Therefore, SME may potentially be used in skin-whitening medicines and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Sim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Nam
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Nam
- Major of Food Science and Biotechnology, Division of Bio-Convergence, Kyounggi University, Suwon, 16227 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungshin (Women’s) University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchul Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
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13
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Chai WM, Bai Q, Pan Q, Wang L, Zhu D. 6,7-Bis-(2-methoxyethoxy)-4(3H)-quinazolinone as a novel inhibitor of tyrosinase and potential anti-browning agent of fresh-cut apples. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:165-172. [PMID: 38212152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
6,7-Bis-(2-methoxyethoxy)-4(3H)-quinazolinone (BMEQ) was selected from quinazolinones for its strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 160 ± 6 μM). It suppressed tyrosinase activity in a competitive way and quenched the fluorescence of the enzyme through a static mechanism. The binding of BMEQ to tyrosinase increased the hydrophobicity of the latter and facilitated non-radiative energy transfer between them. The formation of BMEQ-tyrosinase complex was driven by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, and it loosened the basic framework structure of tyrosinase, affecting the conformation of the enzyme, and leading to a decrease in tyrosinase activity. In addition, the BMEQ postponed the oxidation of phenolics and flavonoids by inhibiting polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), which resulted in the inhibition of the browning of fresh-cut apples. This study identified a novel tyrosinase inhibitor BMEQ and verified its potential application for improving the preservation of postharvest fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Functional Molecules, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China; College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiuhan Bai
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Qiuxia Pan
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Du Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Functional Molecules, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China; College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
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14
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Qiu L, Gao M, Li J, Xu G, Wei F, Yang J, Hu Q, Cen Y. Fluorometric Assay of Tyrosinase and Atrazine Based on the Use of Carbon Dots and the Inhibition of Tyrosinase Activity. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:765-774. [PMID: 37358758 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and convenient strategy of tyrosinase (TYR) and its inhibitor atrazine is in pressing demand for essential research as well as pragmatic application. In this work, an exquisite label-free fluorometric assay with high sensitivity, convenience and efficiency was described for detecting TYR and the herbicide atrazine on the basis of fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CDs). The CDs were prepared via one-pot hydrothermal reaction starting from citric acid and diethylenetriamine. TYR catalyzed the oxidation of dopamine to dopaquinone derivative which could quench the fluorescence of CDs through a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. Thus, a sensitive and selective quantitative evaluation of TYR can be constructed on the basis of the relationship between the fluorescence of CDs and TYR activity. Atrazine, a typical inhibitor of TYR, inhibited the catalytic activity of TYR, leading to the reduced dopaquinone and the fluorescence was retained. The strategy covered a broad linear range of 0.1-150 U/mL and 4.0-80.0 nM for TYR and atrazine respectively with a low detection limit of 0.02 U/mL and 2.4 nM/mL. It is also demonstrated that the assay can be applied to detect TYR and atrazine in spiked complex real samples, which provides infinite potential in application of disease monitoring along with environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiuting hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201651, PR China
| | - Mingcong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Jiawei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Guanhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Fangdi Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China
| | - Qin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
| | - Yao Cen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, PR China.
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15
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Khatib S, Mahdi I, Drissi B, Fahsi N, Bouissane L, Sobeh M. Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast.: Volatile constituents, antioxidant, antidiabetic and wound healing activities of its essential oil. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24563. [PMID: 38317922 PMCID: PMC10839871 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic syndrome known to contribute to impaired wound healing. This condition can be further worsened by excessive melanin production, elastin degradation, and chronic infections at the wound site, potentially leading to melasma and diabetic dermopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phytochemical profile and inhibitory effects of Tetraclinis articulata essential oil (TAEO) on target enzymes involved in diabetes pathogenesis and chronic wound remodeling, namely α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and elastase, as well as its in vitro antibacterial activity. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of TAEO led to the identification of 46 volatile compounds, representing 96.61 % of TAEO. The major metabolites were bornyl acetate (29.48 %), α-pinene (8.96 %), germacrene D (7.70 %), and d-limonene (5.90 %). TAEO exhibited limited scavenging activity against DPPH free radicals, whereas the FRAP and ABTS assays indicated a relatively higher antioxidant activity. Remarkably, TAEO disclosed a promising in vitro antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 178 ± 1.6 μg/mL, which is comparable to the standard inhibitor acarbose (IC50 = 143 ± 1.1 μg/mL). In silico, molecular docking analysis against α-glucosidase identified 15 compounds that interacted with the enzyme's active site, whereas skin permeability and sensitization assessments indicated that 26 out of the 44 identified volatile compounds were predicted to be free from any skin sensitivity risk. On the other hand, moderate inhibitory activity was recorded against α-amylase, tyrosinase, and elastase. Notably, TAEO at 5 % significantly suppressed biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. faecalis, common skin pathogens associated with wound infections, and reduced their swarming motility. Our findings suggest that TAEO may hold the potential as a natural remedy for type 2 diabetes and its associated co-morbidities, especially chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Khatib
- Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Ismail Mahdi
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Badreddine Drissi
- Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Nidal Fahsi
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Latifa Bouissane
- Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
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16
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Lazinski LM, Beaumet M, Roulier B, Gay R, Royal G, Maresca M, Haudecoeur R. Design and synthesis of 4-amino-2',4'-dihydroxyindanone derivatives as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis in human melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116165. [PMID: 38262119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Melanogenesis inhibition constitutes a privileged therapeutic solution to treat skin hyperpigmentation, a major dermatological concern associated with the overproduction of melanin by human tyrosinase (hsTYR). Despite the existence of many well-known TYR (tyrosinase) inhibitors commercialized in skin formulations, their hsTYR-inhibition efficacy remains poor since most of them were investigated over mushroom tyrosinase (abTYR), a model with low homology relative to hsTYR. Considering the need for new potent hsTYR inhibitors, we designed and synthesized a series of indanones starting from 4-hydroxy compound 1a, one of the two most active derivatives reported to date against the human enzyme, together with marketed thiamidol. We observed that analogues featuring 4-amino and 4-amido-2',4'-dihydroxyindanone motifs showed two-to ten-fold increase in activity over human melanoma MNT-1 cell lysates, and a ten-fold improvement in a 4-days whole-cell experiment, compared to parent analogue 1a. Molecular docking investigation was performed for the most promising 4-amido derivatives and suggested a plausible interaction pattern with the second coordination sphere of hsTYR, notably through hydrogen bonding with Glu203, confirming their impact in the binding mode with hsTYR active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M Lazinski
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Morane Beaumet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Brayan Roulier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Gay
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Royal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013, Marseille, France
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17
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de Cezaro A, Ballen SC, Steffens J, Steffens C. Tyrosinase-based nanobiosensor for environmental monitoring of hormones in river water. Environ Res 2024; 250:118501. [PMID: 38367841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the application of a tyrosinase cantilever nanobiosensor for detecting 17β-estradiol and estrone in typical water systems. The physical-chemical parameters of water were evaluated within the Tigre River micro-basin in Erechim, RS, to determine water potability for urban populations. Water clarity, conductivity, and pH levels were essential markers, adhering to recognized standards for water quality and human consumption. The cantilever nanobiosensor demonstrated strong sensitivity and a broad linear range, with a limit of detection (<0.00051 ppb) surpassing other enzymatic biosensors and covering a range of 0.0001-100 ppb. The real water sample quality investigated in relation to contamination with 17β-estradiol and estrone by nanobiosensor showed values below the LOD for both compounds. Recovery studies demonstrated the reliability of the nanobiosensor. Selectivity tests indicated minimal interference from structurally similar substances. This study validates the nanobiosensor's potential for environmental monitoring and hormone detection, aligning with standard practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana de Cezaro
- Department of Food Engineering, URI, Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro, 1621, 99709-910, Erechim-RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cristina Ballen
- Department of Food Engineering, URI, Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro, 1621, 99709-910, Erechim-RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Steffens
- Department of Food Engineering, URI, Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro, 1621, 99709-910, Erechim-RS, Brazil
| | - Clarice Steffens
- Department of Food Engineering, URI, Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro, 1621, 99709-910, Erechim-RS, Brazil.
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18
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Yoon D, Jung HJ, Lee J, Kim HJ, Park HS, Park YJ, Kang MK, Kim GY, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. In vitro and in vivo anti-pigmentation effects of 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles as nanomolar tyrosinase inhibitors on mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos: Preparation of pigment-free zebrafish embryos. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116136. [PMID: 38244374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, 10 2-mercaptobenzo[d]imidazole (2-MBI) compounds (1-10) were synthesized. Although all 2-MBI compounds are tyrosinase inhibitors that inhibit mushroom tyrosinase at extremely low concentrations (IC50 values: 20-740 nM) and effectively inhibit the browning of apples, to our knowledge, no studies have determined whether 2-MBI compounds inhibit mammalian tyrosinase. Mammalian tyrosinase is different from mushroom tyrosinase in its distribution within the cell and has structural characteristics that are different from mushroom tyrosinase in amino acid sequence and in the presence of a quaternary structure. Thus, the effect of the 10 2-MBI compounds on mammalian tyrosinase activity was investigated in B16F10 cells. Six compounds (1-6) exhibited stronger intracellular tyrosinase inhibition than that of kojic acid and phenylthiourea (PTU), which are known to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors; their strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity robustly inhibited intracellular melanin production in B16F10 cells. None of the tested 2-MBI compounds exhibited appreciable cytotoxicity in HaCaT and B16F10 cells. To confirm the anti-melanogenic efficacy of the 2-MBI compounds in vivo, a zebrafish embryo model was used. At concentrations 100 times lower than kojic acid, most 2-MBI compounds demonstrated much stronger depigmentation efficacy than that of kojic acid, and three 2-MBI compounds (2-4) showed depigmentation activity similar to or more potent than that of PTU, resulting in nearly pigment-free zebrafish embryos. These results suggest that 2-MBI compounds may be potential therapeutic agents for hyperpigmentation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Chen C, Li J, Wang B, Wang Y, Yu X. TYR mutation in a Chinese population with oculocutaneous albinism: Molecular characteristics and ophthalmic manifestations. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109761. [PMID: 38145795 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a partial or complete reduction of melanin biosynthesis that leads to hypopigmentation in the skin, hair and eyes. The OCA1 subtype is caused by mutations in TYR. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic and clinical ophthalmic characteristics of TYR mutations in patients with OCA. Herein, 51 probands with a clinical diagnosis of OCA were enrolled. Whole-exome sequencing and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed. Overall, TYR mutations were detected in 37.3% (19/51) in the patients with OCA. Fifteen patients had compound heterozygous variants, and four cases had homozygous variants. Eleven different pathogenic variants in TYR were detected in these 19 patients, with missense, insertion, delins and nonsense in 71.1% (27/38), 15.8% (6/38), 2.6% (1/38), and 10.5% (4/38), respectively. Clinical examinations revealed that 84.2% (16/19) of patients were OCA1A, and 15.8% (3/19) were OCA1B. Most TYR probands (52.6%, 10/19) had moderate vision impairment, 15.8% (3/19) had severe visual impairment, 10.5% (2/19) exhibited blindness, only 5.3% (1/19) had mild visual impairment and 15.8% (3/19) were not available. Photophobia and nystagmus were found in 100% (19/19) of the patients. In addition, grade 4 foveal hypoplasia was detected in 100% (12/12) of the patients. In conclusion: The TYR patients exhibited severe ocular phenotypes: the majority (93.8%, 15/16) of them had a moderate vision impairment or worse, and 100% (12/12) had severe grade 4 foveal hypoplasia. These novel findings could provide insight into the understanding of OCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yinghuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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20
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Jung Park Y, Jin Jung H, Jin Kim H, Soo Park H, Lee J, Yoon D, Kyung Kang M, Young Kim G, Ullah S, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Young Chung H, Ryong Moon H. Thiazol-4(5H)-one analogs as potent tyrosinase inhibitors: Synthesis, tyrosinase inhibition, antimelanogenic effect, antioxidant activity, and in silico docking simulation. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117578. [PMID: 38154348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
As the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) structure was previously identified to play a key role in tyrosinase inhibition, 14 analogs with a PUSC structure built on a thiazol-4(5H)-one scaffold were synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation to serve as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Through mushroom tyrosinase inhibition experiments, two analogs 9 and 11 were identified as potent tyrosinase inhibitors, with 11 exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.4 ± 0.01 μM, which indicates its 26-fold greater potency than kojic acid. Kinetic studies using Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that 9 and 11 are competitive and mixed-type inhibitors, respectively; these kinetic results were supported by docking simulations. According to the B16F10 cell-based experiments, 9 and 11 inhibited melanogenesis more effectively than kojic acid due to their potent cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In addition, analogs 9 and 11 exhibited moderate-to-strong antioxidant capacity, scavenging ABTS+, DPPH, and ROS radicals. In particular, analog 12 with a catechol moiety exhibited very strong ROS-scavenging activity, similar to Trolox. These results suggest that analogs 9 and 11, which exhibit potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity in mushroom and mammalian cells and anti-melanogenic effects in B16F10 cells, are promising antibrowning agents for crops and skin lightening agents for hyperpigmentation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Xu JH, Lee J, Yin SJ, Wang W, Park YD. Inhibitory effect of acarbose on tyrosinase: application of molecular dynamics integrating inhibition kinetics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:314-325. [PMID: 36995074 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to its clinical and cosmetic applications, investigators have paid attention to tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitor development. In this study, a TYR inhibition study with acarbose was investigated to gain insights into the regulation of the catalytic function. Biochemical assay results indicated that acarbose was turned to be an inhibitor of TYR in a reversible binding manner and probed as a distinctive mixed-type inhibitor via measurement of double-reciprocal kinetic (Ki = 18.70 ± 4.12 mM). Time-interval kinetic measurement indicated that TYR catalytic function was gradually inactivated by acarbose in a time-dependent behavior displaying with a monophase process that was evaluated by semi-logarithmic plotting. Spectrofluorimetric measurement by integrating with a hydrophobic residue detector (1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate) showed that the high dose of acarbose derived a conspicuous local structural deformation of the TYR catalytic site pocket. Computational docking simulation showed that acarbose bound to key residues such as HIS61, TYR65, ASN81, HIS244, and HIS259. Our study extends an understanding of the functional application of acarbose and proposes that acarbose is an alternative candidate drug for a whitening agent via direct retardation of TYR catalytic function and it would be applicable for the relevant skin hyperpigmentation disorders concerning the dermatologic clinical purpose.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hao Xu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, PR China
- Skin Diseases Research Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, PR China
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22
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Hong H, Lee UJ, Lee SH, Kim H, Lim GM, Lee SH, Son HF, Kim BG, Kim KJ. Highly efficient site-specific protein modification using tyrosinase from Streptomyces avermitilis: Structural insight. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128313. [PMID: 37995783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase-mediated protein conjugation has recently drawn attention as a site-specific protein modification tool under mild conditions. However, the tyrosinases reported to date act only on extremely exposed tyrosine residues, which limits where the target tyrosine can be located. Herein, we report a tyrosinase from Streptomyces avermitilis (SaTYR), that exhibits a much higher activity against tyrosine residues on the protein surface than other tyrosinases. We determined the crystal structure of SaTYR and revealed that the enzyme has a relatively flat and shallow substrate-binding pocket to accommodate a protein substrate. We demonstrated SaTYR-mediated fluorescence dye tagging and PEGylation of a surface tyrosine residue that was unreacted by other tyrosinases with an approximately 95.2 % conjugation yield in 1 h. We also present a structural rationale that considers the steric hindrance from adjacent residues and surrounding structures along with the extent of solvent exposure of residues, as necessary when determining the optimal positions for introducing target tyrosine residues in SaTYR-mediated protein modification. The study demonstrated that the novel tyrosinase, SaTYR, extends the scope of tyrosinase-mediated protein modification, and we propose that site-specific tyrosine conjugation using SaTYR is a promising strategy for protein bioconjugation in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwaseok Hong
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, KNU Institute of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk-Jae Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Hoo Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, KNU Institute of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Min Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeoncheol Francis Son
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Institute of BioEngineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, KNU Institute of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Hong C, Zhang Y, Yang L, Xu H, Cheng K, Lv Z, Chen K, Li Y, Wu H. Epimedin B exhibits pigmentation by increasing tyrosinase family proteins expression, activity, and stability. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:69-85. [PMID: 38352950 PMCID: PMC10859565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Epimedin B (EB) is one of the main flavonoid ingredients present in Epimedium brevicornum Maxim., a traditional herb widely used in China. Our previous study showed that EB was a stronger inducer of melanogenesis and an activator of tyrosinase (TYR). However, the role of EB in melanogenesis and the mechanism underlying the regulation remain unclear. Herein, as an extension to our previous investigation, we provide comprehensive evidence of EB-induced pigmentation in vivo and in vitro and elucidate the melanogenesis mechanism by assessing its effects on the TYR family of proteins (TYRs) in terms of expression, activity, and stability. The results showed that EB increased TYRs expression through microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-mediated p-Akt (referred to as protein kinase B (PKB))/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin, p-p70 S6 kinase cascades, and protein 38 (p38)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)/MAPK pathways, after which EB increased the number of melanosomes and promoted their maturation for melanogenesis in melanoma cells and human primary melanocytes/skin tissues. Furthermore, EB exerted repigmentation by stimulating TYR activity in hydroquinone- and N-phenylthiourea-induced TYR inhibitive models, including melanoma cells, zebrafish, and mice. Finally, EB ameliorated monobenzone-induced depigmentation in vitro and in vivo through the enhancement of TYRs stability by inhibiting TYR misfolding, TYR-related protein 1 formation, and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and then by downregulating the ubiquitination and proteolysis processes. These data conclude that EB can target TYRs and alter their expression, activity, and stability, thus stimulating their pigmentation function, which might provide a novel rational strategy for hypopigmentation treatment in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hong
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Haoyang Xu
- International Education College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Kang Cheng
- Shanghai Inoherb Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Zhi Lv
- Shanghai Inoherb Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Huali Wu
- Department of TCM Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
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24
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Beltran E, Serafini MR, Alves IA, Aragón Novoa DM. Novel Synthesized Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Systematic Patent Review (2012-Present). Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:308-335. [PMID: 36740802 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230203111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine is an enzyme responsible for melanin production. Its abnormal accumulation in different parts of the body is known as hyperpigmentation. Tyrosinase inhibitors have been used as one of the main approaches to treat these kinds of cosmetic and medical issues. This review aimed to discuss the advances in patents for this class of inhibitors, focusing on synthetic ones, by studying recent patent applications (2012-2022). We performed a screening using the European Patent Office's Espacenet database, from which 15 inventions were selected and fully studied. China has more patent applications, all of them were focused on synthetic methods and the majority declared at least two additional applications as antibrowning agents for fruits and vegetables, biological pesticides, and medicine to treat diseases like Parkinson's or melanoma. The strategies employed by the investigators focused on the examination of previous literature, which oriented on the type of structures that have been found to show good inhibitory activity; the study also examined aspects of their reaction mechanisms and information about the structureactivity relationship. For some groups of inhibitors, such as benzaldehyde and anthraquinone derivatives, the data were meaningful and extensive. In contrast, arginyl and troponoids compounds were difficult to analyze due to the limited research works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Beltran
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Izabel Almeida Alves
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Program of Postgraduation in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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25
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Min X, Lu L, Xu X, Wen Y, Zheng X. Investigation on the inhibition mechanism and binding behavior of paeonol to tyrosinase and its anti-browning property by multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126962. [PMID: 37722636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Paeonol, as one effective tyrosinase inhibitor, had been used as food preservative and clinical medication for skin disorders. In this study, the inhibition mechanism and binding behavior of paeonol to tyrosinase and its anti-browning property were investigated using multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods. Activity assay and kinetic results confirmed paeonol as a reversible mixed-type tyrosinase inhibitor. Results of the mechanistic studies were clarified using fluorescence quenching, synchronous fluorescence, CD spectra and 3D fluorescence, and showed that the binding of paeonol to tyrosinase might change the chromophore microenvironment and conformation of tyrosinase to inhibit enzyme catalytic activity. Molecular docking results revealed the detailed binding between paeonol and tyrosinase. Moreover, paeonol could prevent the browning of fresh-cut apples, as well as inhibiting PPO and POD activities and increasing APX activity. All above findings established a reliable basis for the inhibitory mechanism of paeonol against tyrosinase and therefore contributed to its application in anti-browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Min
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Li Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan 825403, China.
| | - Xi Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
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26
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Xu M, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Wang Q, Xia Y, Lian C, Liu J, Liu J. Beyond traditional methods: Unveiling the skin whitening properties of Rhein-Embedded PROTACs. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 96:117537. [PMID: 37992440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTAC) technology has emerged as a promising approach for targeted protein degradation. In this study, we focused on tyrosinase (TYR), a key enzyme involved in melanin synthesis and pigmentation. For this target, we designed and synthesized a series of PROTACs (D3-D9), employing Rhein as the target protein-ligand. Through some experimental tests, we made a significant discovery. Preliminary experimental results show that the most promising compound (D6) demonstrated the ability to degrade MITF and inhibit the expression and TYR in B16-F10 cells, effectively suppressing melanogenesis in zebrafish. Notably, at equivalent concentrations, the whitening effect of D6 surpassed that of its precursor Rhein and was even comparable to that of the well-established whitening agent, β-arbutin. Validating experiments further revealed that the action of D6 was reliant on the E3 ligand, indicating its capacity to degrade TYR and MITF through the ubiquitination pathway. Whether D6 acts directly on TYR or MITF needs to be further explored. These compelling results underscore the tremendous whitening potential of D6, suggesting its suitability as a valuable lead for whitening agents and its potential to expand the range of whitening cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Peixi Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Qiaolai Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Yuanxi Xia
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Chenlei Lian
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Jieqing Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China.
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27
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Chen J, Zhang Z, Li H, Tang H. Exploring the effect of a series of flavonoids on tyrosinase using integrated enzyme kinetics, multispectroscopic, and molecular modelling analyses. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126451. [PMID: 37619686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The control of food browning can be achieved by inhibiting tyrosinase (TY) activity, but current studies on the interaction of flavonoids as potent inhibitors with TY are inadequate. Herein, the effect of a library of flavonoids on TY was investigated using enzyme kinetics, multispectroscopic methods, and molecular modelling. Some flavonoids including 4, 8, 10, 17, 18, 28, 30, 33, and 34 exhibited potent TY inhibitory activity, with compound 10 demonstrating reversible inhibition in a mixed-competitive manner. Ultraviolet-visible spectral changes confirmed the formation of flavonoid-TY complexes. Fluorescence quenching analysis suggested effective intrinsic fluorescence quenching by flavonoids through static quenching with the ground-state complex formation. Synchronous fluorescence spectra showed the microenvironment change around the fluorophores induced by flavonoids. ANS-binding fluorescence assay indicated TY's surface hydrophobicity change by flavonoids and highlighted the change in secondary structure conformation, which was further confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Molecular modelling results helped visualize the preferred binding conformation at the active site of TY, and demonstrated the important role of hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding in stabilizing the flavonoid-TY complexes. These findings prove that diverse flavonoid structures distinctly impact their binding behavior on TY and contribute to understanding flavonoids' potential as TY inhibitors in controlling food browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Zhuangwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huihui Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Hongjin Tang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China.
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28
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da Silva ACC, Ribeiro MM, de Souza da Costa N, Galiciolli MEA, Souza JV, Irioda AC, Oliveira CS. Analysis of the antimelanogenic activity of zinc and selenium in vitro. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2805-2812. [PMID: 37568064 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Melasma is an acquired chronic condition characterized by hyperchromic patches in photo-exposed areas. The search for new compounds for the treatment of melasma without side effects is constant. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic and antimelanogenic effects of the trace elements Zinc (Zn) and Selenium (Se). In this study, we evaluated the effects of 30 µM hydroquinone, this concentration did not alter mitochondrial function (MTT assay), but increased the percentage of necrotic cells and levels of reactive species. Furthermore, it showed no influence on tyrosinase activity and melanin content. Unlike hydroquinone, exposure for 48 h to 100 µM Zn and 1 and 5 µM Se had no significant influence on the analysis of reactive species, as well as on the percentage of necrotic cells. Still, specifically in relation to 100 µM Zn, it decreased the melanin content. Given the above, the trace elements Zn and Se did not show toxicity at the concentrations tested and Zn showed a promising effect, however, the mechanism needs to be better explored in order to contribute to new and updated research in the fight against melasma with a perspective of therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cleia Cardoso da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Milena Mariano Ribeiro
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nayara de Souza da Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Júlia Vicentin Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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29
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Ledwoń P, Goldeman W, Hałdys K, Jewgiński M, Calamai G, Rossowska J, Papini AM, Rovero P, Latajka R. Tripeptides conjugated with thiosemicarbazones: new inhibitors of tyrosinase for cosmeceutical use. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2193676. [PMID: 37146256 PMCID: PMC10165932 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2193676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of skin-care products is recently growing. Cosmetic formulas containing active ingredients with proven efficacy, namely cosmeceuticals, are based on various compounds, including peptides. Different whitening agents featuring anti-tyrosinase activity have been applied in the cosmeceutical field. Despite their availability, their applicability is often limited due to several drawbacks including toxicity, lack of stability, and other factors. In this work, we present the inhibitory effect on diphenolase activity of thiosemicarbazone (TSC)-peptide conjugates. Tripeptides FFY, FWY, and FYY were conjugated with three TSCs bearing one or two aromatic rings via amide bond formation in a solid phase. Compounds were then examined as tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitors in murine melanoma B16F0 cell line, followed by the cytotoxicity assays of these cells. In silico investigations explained the differences in the activity, observed among tested compounds. Mushroom tyrosinase was inhibited by TSC1-conjugates at micromolar level, with IC50 lower than this for kojic acid, a widely used reference compound. Up to now, this is the first report regarding thiosemicarbazones conjugated with tripeptides, synthesised for the purpose of tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Ledwoń
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Waldemar Goldeman
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hałdys
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Jewgiński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Greta Calamai
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Joanna Rossowska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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30
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Ghasemi N, Moradi S, Iraji A, Mahdavi M. Thiazolopyrimidine derivatives as novel class of small molecule tyrosinase inhibitor. BMC Chem 2023; 17:156. [PMID: 37981674 PMCID: PMC10658973 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme of melanogenesis, plays a crucial role in hyperpigmentation. As a result, in this study, a novel class of thiazolopyrimidine derivatives was developed and synthesized as tyrosinase inhibitor. The structure of derivatives was characterized using various spectroscopy techniques, including FTIR, Mass, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Next, the inhibitory activities of all derivatives were examined against tyrosinase, and, 6a as the most potent compound, exhibited an IC50 value of 28.50 µM. Furthermore, the kinetic study of 6a was performed to better understand the inhibitory mechanism and its type of inhibition. The UV/Vis spectra analysis was also executed to provide valuable evidence supporting the inhibitory mechanism of compound 6a in the context of tyrosinase inhibition. Also, molecular docking and dynamic molecular study of 6a were executed to study its interactions within the enzyme's binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Ghasemi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Moradi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu HM, Tang W, Wang XY, Jiang JJ, Zhang Y, Liu QL, Wang W. Experimental and theoretical studies on inhibition against tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis by antioxidant ergothioneine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:163-173. [PMID: 37816300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine, a natural derivative of histidine with a thiol/thine tautomeric structure, exhibits exceptional antioxidant properties and inhibition activities on tyrosinase. In this study, enzyme kinetics experiments and chromatographic spectral analysis revealed that ergothioneine inhibited tyrosinase in a reversible and non-competitive manner, with an inhibition constant of 0.554 mg/mL (2.41 mM). As the concentration of ergothioneine increased, the extremely flexible loop structure of tyrosinase extended from 40.1 % to 41.0 %, effectively covering the active center or binding site. Theoretical molecular docking simulation results show that ergothioneine forms complexes with tyrosinase through hydrogen bonding and salt bridges in the active center of Cu ions. Additionally, it was observed that ergothioneine's antioxidant had a stronger reducing impact on dopaquinone, an intermediate in melanin production, than the effect of ascorbic acid at an equivalent concentration (0.5 mg/mL). Ergothioneine reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species to lower levels than the control group without UVA radiation and regulated the proliferation and differentiation in B16-F10 melanocytes. Clinical trials have shown that a 0.1 % concentration of ergothioneine can effectively suppress melanin production in irradiated skin. The significant reduction in melanin index and an increase in the individual type angle (ITA°) degree were measured after 4 weeks. These results collectively suggest that ergothioneine may be a promising inhibitor of natural antioxidant tyrosinase. Furthermore, due to its safety and efficacy, ergothioneine could be considered one of the bioactive substances for further study on diseases related to melanin production and tyrosinase activity which is of great significance for the cosmetics, medicine and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China; Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Qing-Lei Liu
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China; Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China; Engineering Research Center of Perfume & Aroma and Cosmetics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201418, China.
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El-Aziz SMA, Faraag AHI, Ibrahim AM, Albrakati A, Bakkar MR. Tyrosinase enzyme purification and immobilization from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 using cellulose coated magnetic nanoparticles: characterization and application in melanin production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:10. [PMID: 37947912 PMCID: PMC10638195 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is a brown-black pigment with significant roles in various biological processes. The tyrosinase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to melanin and has promising uses in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. This research aims to purify and immobilize the tyrosinase enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 using cellulose-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Various techniques were utilized to examine the synthesized nanoparticles, which exhibited a spherical shape with an average diameter of 12 nm and a negative surface potential of - 55.7 mV with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.260. Comparing the immobilized magnetic tyrosinase enzyme with the free enzyme, the study's findings showed that the immobilized tyrosinase enzyme had optimal activity at a pH of 6 and a temperature of 35 °C, and its activity increased as the concentration of tyrosine increased. The study investigated the antibacterial and anticancer bioactivity of the enzyme's melanin product and found that it exhibited potential antibacterial activity against a multi-drug resistant strain including S. aureus and E. coli. The produced melanin also demonstrated the potential to decrease cell survival and induce apoptosis in initiation cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Hassan Ibrahim Faraag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | | | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Reda Bakkar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kang MK, Yoon D, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Lee J, Park HS, Kim HJ, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Young Chung H, Moon HR. Identification and molecular mechanism of novel 5-alkenyl-2-benzylaminothiazol-4(5H)-one analogs as anti-melanogenic and antioxidant agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106763. [PMID: 37566943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom tyrosinase is a tetramer, whereas mammalian tyrosinase is a monomeric glycoprotein. In addition, the amino acid sequence of mushroom tyrosinases differs from that of mammalian tyrosinases. MHY2081 exhibits potent inhibitory activity against both mushroom and mammalian tyrosinases. Accordingly, based on the MHY2081 structure, 5-alkenyl-2-benzylaminothiazol-4(5H)-one analogs were designed as a novel anti-tyrosinase agent and synthesized using 2-((3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)amino)thiazol-4(5H)-one (16), a key intermediate obtained via the rearrangement of a benzylamino group. Compounds 6 and 9 (IC50 = 1.5-4.6 µM) exhibited higher mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity than kojic acid (IC50 = 20-21 µM) in the presence of l-tyrosine and/or l-dopa. Based on kinetic analysis using Lineweaver-Burk plots, 6 was a mixed inhibitor, whereas 9 was a competitive inhibitor, and docking simulation results supported that these compounds could bind to the active site of mushroom tyrosinase. Using B16F10 mammalian cells, we demonstrated that these compounds inhibited melanogenesis more potently than kojic acid, and their anti-melanogenic effects could be attributed to tyrosinase inhibition. All synthesized compounds could scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), with five compounds exhibiting mild-to-strong ABTS+ and DPPH radical-scavenging abilities. Compounds 6 and 9 were potent tyrosinase inhibitors with strong antioxidant activities against ROS, ABTS+, and DPPH radicals. Moreover, the compounds significantly suppressed tyrosinase expression in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that the novel 5-alkenyl-2-benzylaminothiazol-4(5H)-one analogs, especially 6 and 9, are potential anti-melanogenic agents with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Miao C, Zhou X, Huang X, Huang J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Zeng L, Weng S, Chen H. Effectively synthesized functional Si-doped carbon dots with the applications in tyrosinase detection and lysosomal imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341789. [PMID: 37827683 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
There has been significant interest in the preparation and versatile applications of carbon dots (CDs) due to their immense potential value in sensors and imaging. In this work, silicon-doped green carbon dots (Si-CDs) with high quantum yield and rich epoxypropyl were effectively synthesized. Given the clinical diagnostic importance of abnormal levels of tyrosinase (TYR), sensitive detection of TYR is significant for clinical research. A fluorescence signal-off strategy with Si-CDs as probe was constructed to determine TYR based on the oxidation of dopamine by TYR. The detection ranges of this method were 0.01-1.5 and 10-30 U/mL with the detection limit of 0.0046 U/mL, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.01 U/mL, and TYR was successfully and accurately monitored in human serum. Additionally, due to the role of lysosomes in cellular regulatory processes, including TYR levels and fluorescence stability characteristics of Si-CDs in acidic conditions, it was envisaged to use Si-CDs as probe to establish real-time monitoring of lysosomes. According to fluorescence colocation analysis, Si-CDs had intrinsic lysosomal targeting ability to HepG2 and L-02 (with Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.90 and 0.91, respectively). The targeting of Si-CDs to lysosomes was due to the acidophilic effect of the epoxypropyl on its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Xiaoyang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jiyue Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yuebin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Xiaomu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Lingjun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Team of the PLA, Fuzhou General Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Huixing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Marcial-Quino J, Fierro F, Fernández FJ, Montiel-Gonzalez AM, Sierra-Palacios E, Tomasini A. Silencing of Amylomyces rouxii aspartic II protease by siRNA to increase tyrosinase activity. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1415-1425. [PMID: 37993253 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Amylomyces rouxii is a zygomycete that produces extracellular protease and tyrosinase. The tyrosinase activity is negatively regulated by the proteases and, which attempts to purify the tyrosinase (tyr) enzyme that has been hampered by the presence of a protease that co-purified with it. In this work we identified genes encoding aspartic protease II (aspII) and VI of A. rouxii. Using an RNAi strategy based on the generation of a siRNA by transcription from two opposite-orientated promoters, the expression of these two proteases was silenced, showing that this molecular tool is suitable for gene silencing in Amylomyces. The transformant strains showed a significant attenuation of the transcripts (determined by RT-qPCR), with respective inhibition of the protease activity. In the case of aspII, inhibition was in the range of 43-90 % in different transformants, which correlated well with up to a five-fold increase in tyr activity with respect to the wild type and control strains. In contrast, silencing of aspVI caused a 43-65 % decrease in protease activity but had no significant effect on the tyr activity. The results show that aspII has a negative effect on tyr activity, and that the silencing of this protease is important to obtain strains with high levels of tyr activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90120, Mexico
| | - Francisco Fierro
- Depto. de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apdo, Postal 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco José Fernández
- Depto. de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apdo, Postal 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alba Mónica Montiel-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90120, Mexico
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, 09620, Mexico
| | - Araceli Tomasini
- Depto. de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Apdo, Postal 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Hwang SJ, Bang HJ, Lee HJ. Ginsenoside Re inhibits melanogenesis and melanoma growth by downregulating microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115037. [PMID: 37393867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng, is a traditional remedy widely used in Asian countries. Its major active compounds are ginsenosides, specifically triterpenoid saponins. Among them, one notable ginsenoside called Re has shown various biological effects, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential beneficial effects of Re on melanogenesis and skin cancer remain poorly understood. To investigate this, we conducted a comprehensive study using biochemical assays, cell-based models, a zebrafish pigment formation model, and a tumor xenograft model. Our results revealed that Re effectively inhibited melanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner by competitively inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production. Moreover, Re significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key regulator of melanin biosynthesis and melanoma growth. Furthermore, Re decreased the protein expression of MITF and its target genes, including tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, through a partially ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation mechanism, mediated by the AKT and ERK signaling pathways. These findings indicate that Re exerts its hypopigmentary effects by directly inhibiting tyrosinase activity and suppressing its expression via MITF. Additionally, Re demonstrated inhibitory effects on skin melanoma growth and induced tumor vascular normalization in our in vivo experiments. This study represents the first evidence of Re-mediated inhibition of melanogenesis and skin melanoma, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms. These promising preclinical findings warrant further investigation to determine the suitability of Re as a natural agent for treating hyperpigmentation disorders and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Hye Jung Bang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea.
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Li Z, Zhang H, Li W, Yao M, Yu H, He M, Feng Y, Li Z. Potential antioxidative components from Syringa oblata Lindl stems revealed by affinity ultrafiltration with multiple drug targets. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106604. [PMID: 37178648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine is the main source of natural products due to its remarkable clinical efficacy. Syringa oblata Lindl (S. oblata) was widely used because of its extensive biological activities. However, to explore the antioxidant components of S. oblata against tyrosinase, the experiments of antioxidation in vitro were employed. At the same time, the determination of TPC was also use to assess the antioxidant ability of CE, MC, EA and WA fractions and the liver protective activity of the EA fraction was evaluated by mice in vivo. Next, UF-LC-MS technology was performed to screen and identify the efficient tyrosinase inhibitors in S. oblata. The results showed that alashinol (G), dihydrocubebin, syripinin E and secoisolariciresinol were characterized as potential tyrosinase ligands and their RBA values were 2.35, 1.97, 1.91 and 1.61, respectively. Moreover, these four ligands can effectively dock with tyrosinase molecules, with binding energies (BEs) ranging from 0.74 to -0.73 kcal/mol. In addition, tyrosinase inhibition experiment was employed to evaluate the tyrosinase inhibition activities of four potential ligands, the result showed that compound 12 (alashinol G, IC50 = 0.91 ± 0.20 mM) showed the strongest activity to tyrosinase, followed by secoisolariciresinol (IC50 = 0.99 ± 0.07 mM), dihydrocubebin (IC50 = 1.04 ± 0.30 mM) and syripinin E (IC50 = 1.28 ± 0.23 mM), respectively. The results demonstrate that S. oblata might have excellent antioxidant activity, and UF-LC-MS technique is a effective means to filter out tyrosinase inhibitors from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Wanting Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Min Yao
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Mingzhen He
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang 330002, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Iannitelli AF, Weinshenker D. Riddles in the dark: Decoding the relationship between neuromelanin and neurodegeneration in locus coeruleus neurons. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105287. [PMID: 37327835 PMCID: PMC10523397 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) is among the first regions of the brain affected by pathology in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but the reasons for this selective vulnerability are not completely understood. Several features of LC neurons have been proposed as contributing factors to this dysfunction and degeneration, and this review will focus on the presence of neuromelanin (NM). NM is a dark pigment unique to catecholaminergic cells that is formed of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) metabolites, heavy metals, protein aggregates, and oxidated lipids. We cover what is currently known about NM and the limitations of historical approaches, then discuss the new human tyrosinase (hTyr) model of NM production in rodent catecholamine cells in vivo that offers unique opportunities for studying its neurobiology, neurotoxicity, and potential of NM-based therapeutics for treating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa F Iannitelli
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Ran Z, Wang X, Zhang L, Yang Y, Shang Z, Chen Q, Ma X, Qian Z, Liu W. Enzymatic colorimetric method for turn-on determination of l-lactic acid through indicator displacement assay. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:159-165. [PMID: 37344280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
l-Lactic acid is a natural α-hydroxy carboxylic acid and is commonly used as an addictive. Quantitation of l-lactic acid is indispensable in food and cosmetic industries. An enzymatic colorimetric method was developed for the determination of l-lactic acid by competitive indicator displacement assay. Boric acid inhibited the colorimetric reaction of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) catalyzed by tyrosinase. l-Lactic acid competitively displaced and released l-DOPA bound with boric acid to serve as substrate, and thus restored the tyrosinase activity. Recovery of color reaction could be spectrophotometrically determined at 475 nm and was proportional to the amount of l-lactic acid. A calibration curve between l-lactic acid concentration and recovery of absorbance were built. The concentration range of the l-lactic acid was 0.25-2.25 mM. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for l-lactic acid was estimated to be 0.05 mM and 0.16 mM, respectively. The method achieved turn-on and visual sensing with good precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness. The assay method exhibited a promising prospect to determine the content of l-lactic acid in foods and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiawen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Emergency Department, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhongtao Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qinfei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuoqun Qian
- Department of Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Wang M, Chen R, Wang S, Cui J, Lian D, Li L. Comparative Study of Binding Behaviors of Cyanidin, Cyanidin-3-Galactoside, Peonidin with Tyrosinase. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03384-z. [PMID: 37603228 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyanidin, peonidin and cyanidin-3-galactoside are the common anthocyanins with a variety of biological activities. Tyrosinase is a speed-limiting enzyme associated with melanin production. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity can prevent melanin disease while contributing to whitening. The interaction behaviors of the three anthocyanins against tyrosinase have been discussed in this paper. Cyanidin has strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, and then peonidin, cyanidin-3-galactoside. Furthermore, the inhibition of tyrosinase by the three anthocyanins is mixed modes. The three anthocyanins can induce the static fluorescence quenching of tyrosinase. Cyanidin exhibits strongest binding affinity on tyrosinase, and then peonidin, cyanidin-3-galactoside based on Ka values obtain by fluorescence analysis. The binding of all anthocyanin to tyrosinase induce its conformation changes. According to molecular docking and fluorescence studies, they bind to tyrosinase by hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. In addition, the optimal modes of the three anthocyanins with tyrosinase are predicated by molecular docking. This work emphasizes that cyanidin, peonidin and cyanidin-3-galactoside may be potential drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by melanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizi Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Rongda Chen
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
- Zhaoqing Xuanqing Middle School, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Di Lian
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Li Li
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
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Chen Q, Shang C, Han M, Chen C, Tang W, Liu W. Inhibitory mechanism of scutellarein on tyrosinase by kinetics, spectroscopy and molecular simulation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 296:122644. [PMID: 36963278 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays an important role in melanin synthesis. Inhibition against tyrosinase activity has been extensively focused on for pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and agricultural purpose. The inhibitory mechanism of scutellarein on tyrosinase was elaborated by coupling enzyme kinetics, multi-spectroscopy and computational simulation. Scutellarein remarkably inhibited tyrosinase activity with an IC50 value of 91 μM. Scutellarein reversibly inhibited tyrosinase in a competitive manner. Fluorescence quenching validated that interaction of scutellarein with tyrosinase occurred to form a complex with a binding constant of 6.11 × 104 M-1. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that scutellarein spontaneously bound with tyrosinase via hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra and circular dichroism spectra revealed that scutellarein induced an obvious conformational change in tyrosinase. Molecular docking result predicted that scutellarein mainly bound with tyrosinase via Arg268 residue. Scutellarein effectively controlled the enzymatic browning of apple slices during storage. This research could give theoretical guiding significance in various application for tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mengqi Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weikang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Hashemi A, Noori M, Dastyafteh N, Sadat-Ebrahimi SE, Fazelzadeh Haghighi N, Mehrpour K, Sattarinezhad E, Jalali Zafrei F, Irajie C, Daneshmehr MA, Heydari M, Larijani B, Iraji A, Mahdavi M. Synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of novel isopropylquinazolinones. BMC Chem 2023; 17:65. [PMID: 37353836 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To find new anti-browning and whitening agents in this study, new series of isopropylquinazolinone derivatives were designed and synthesized. All derivatives were evaluated as possible tyrosinase inhibitors and compound 9q bearing 4-fluorobenzyl moieties at the R position exhibited the best potencies with an IC50 value of 34.67 ± 3.68 µM. The kinetic evaluations of 9q as the most potent derivatives recorded mix-type inhibition. Compounds 9o and 9q also exhibited potent antioxidant capacity with IC50 values of 38.81 and 40.73 µM, respectively confirming their antioxidant potential. Molecular docking studies of 9q as the most potent derivative were exacuated and it was shown that quinazolinone and acetamide moieties of compound 9q participated in interaction with critical His residues of the binding site. The obtained results demonstrated that the 9q can be considered a suitable pharmacophore to develop potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia Hashemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Noori
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Dastyafteh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Sadat-Ebrahimi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Fazelzadeh Haghighi
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center and Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katayoun Mehrpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Sattarinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jalali Zafrei
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Daneshmehr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Heydari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mitra R, Premraj L, Khoo TK. Neuromelanin: Its role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and potential as a therapeutic target. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023:105448. [PMID: 37236833 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is an increasingly prevalent condition that involves the marked loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. These neurons pigmented with neuromelanin along with other regions of the brain are almost exclusively victims of neurodegeneration in the disease. The link between neuromelanin and Parkinson's disease has been widely studied for decades. While many studies have outlined the pigment's neuroprotective function as a potent free radical scavenger, antioxidant, and ion-chelator, it has also been observed to play a role in cell death due to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, especially in the parkinsonian disease state. This is due to the damaging effects of neuromelanin precursors, neuromelanin-related ion dysregulation and intra- and extraneuronal neuromelanin accumulation. Current and emerging therapeutic endeavours guided by these pathological processes may include antioxidant therapy, proteostasis enhancement, ion chelation and neuromelanin-targeted immunotherapy to prevent the accumulation, formation and effects of neuromelanin and oxidative neuromelanin precursors. Some of these therapeutic strategies are already in nascent stages, while others have produced mixed results in clinical trials. This review aims to provide an update on how neuromelanin and neuromelanin-related substances may be linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and how future therapeutic strategies may be able to hamper or prevent neuromelanin-related pathological processes and ultimately modify disease progression in Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritoban Mitra
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Lavienraj Premraj
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tien K Khoo
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Guo Y, Zheng X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Qin S, Wang X, Jing X. Deep eutectic solvent-based adhesive tape extraction combined with enzyme inhibition assay for the determination and distinction of dithiocarbamate pesticides in food samples. Talanta 2023; 260:124601. [PMID: 37149938 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple, green extraction method of dithiocarbamate (DTC) pesticides in food samples was developed using adhesive tapes and a green deep eutectic solvent (DES). A rapid and convenient determination and distinction method of DTC pesticides was established using tyrosinase inhibition assay. First, DTC pesticides were extracted by pasting and peeling off the adhesive tape, then eluted by the DES synthesized from xylitol and ethylene glycol. Second, determination of DTC pesticides was conducted by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase which can catalyze the oxidation of catechol. Less colored products were generated in the reaction system (tyrosinase, catechol, and 4-aminoantipyrine), leading to weak absorbance. In addition, different DTC pesticides (ziram, propineb, zineb, mancozeb, thiram, metiram, and ferbam) were successfully distinguished by sensor arrays (tyrosinase, phenolic compounds, and 4-aminoantipyrine) through principal component analysis. The limit of detection was found to be 0.2 μg kg-1, and the limit of quantification was 0.6 μg kg-1. The recoveries ranging from 89.4% to 103.8% were obtained in vegetable, fruit, and cereal, with a relative standard deviation of less than 4.2%. The method is simple, rapid, and convenient and shows good application prospects in the determination of pesticides in a variety of food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Shu Qin
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi,, 030031, China.
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
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Iriarte-Mesa C, Pretzler M, von Baeckmann C, Kählig H, Krachler R, Rompel A, Kleitz F. Immobilization of Agaricus bisporus Polyphenol Oxidase 4 on mesoporous silica: Towards mimicking key enzymatic processes in peat soils. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 646:413-425. [PMID: 37207423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The use of immobilized enzyme-type biocatalysts to mimic specific processes in soil can be considered one of the most promising alternatives to overcome the difficulties behind the structural elucidation of riverine humic-derived iron-complexes. Herein, we propose that the immobilization of the functional mushroom tyrosinase, Agaricus bisporus Polyphenol Oxidase 4 (AbPPO4) on mesoporous SBA-15-type silica could contribute to the study of small aquatic humic ligands such as phenols. EXPERIMENTS The silica support was functionalized with amino-groups in order to investigate the impact of surface charge on the tyrosinase loading efficiency as well as on the catalytic performance of adsorbed AbPPO4. The oxidation of various phenols was catalyzed by the AbPPO4-loaded bioconjugates, yielding high levels of conversion and confirming the retention of enzyme activity after immobilization. The structures of the oxidized products were elucidated by integrating chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. We also evaluated the stability of the immobilized enzyme over a wide range of pH values, temperatures, storage-times and sequential catalytic cycles. FINDINGS This is the first report where the latent AbPPO4 is confined within silica mesopores. The improved catalytic performance of the adsorbed AbPPO4 shows the potential use of these silica-based mesoporous biocatalysts for the preparation of a column-type bioreactor for in situ identification of soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Iriarte-Mesa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Pretzler
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria; www.bpc.univie.ac.at
| | - Cornelia von Baeckmann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Krachler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria; www.bpc.univie.ac.at.
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Nagatsu T, Nakashima A, Watanabe H, Ito S, Wakamatsu K, Zucca FA, Zecca L, Youdim M, Wulf M, Riederer P, Dijkstra JM. The role of tyrosine hydroxylase as a key player in neuromelanin synthesis and the association of neuromelanin with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:611-625. [PMID: 36939908 PMCID: PMC10121510 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02617-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The dark pigment neuromelanin (NM) is abundant in cell bodies of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in the human brain. During the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), together with the degeneration of the respective catecholamine (CA) neurons, the NM levels in the SN and LC markedly decrease. However, questions remain among others on how NM is associated with PD and how it is synthesized. The biosynthesis pathway of NM in the human brain has been controversial because the presence of tyrosinase in CA neurons in the SN and LC has been elusive. We propose the following NM synthesis pathway in these CA neurons: (1) Tyrosine is converted by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), which is converted by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase to DA, which in LC neurons is converted by dopamine β-hydroxylase to NE; (2) DA or NE is autoxidized to dopamine quinone (DAQ) or norepinephrine quinone (NEQ); and (3) DAQ or NEQ is converted to eumelanic NM (euNM) and pheomelanic NM (pheoNM) in the absence and presence of cysteine, respectively. This process involves proteins as cysteine source and iron. We also discuss whether the NM amounts per neuromelanin-positive (NM+) CA neuron are higher in PD brain, whether NM quantitatively correlates with neurodegeneration, and whether an active lifestyle may reduce NM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Nagatsu
- Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Akira Nakashima
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Moussa Youdim
- Technion-Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Biology, Yonsey World Central University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Maximilian Wulf
- Medical Proteome-Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Medizinisches Proteom‑Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Riederer
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department and Research Unit of Psychiatry, Syddansk University, Odense, Denmark
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Fu M, Cao Z, Sun R, Wen X, Wang Y, Li K, Li Q. Maleic anhydride promotes humus formation via inducing functional enzymes response in composting. Bioresour Technol 2023; 380:129125. [PMID: 37127171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to explore the promotion of maleic anhydride on the polymerization of precursors into humus in composting, and analyze the changes of key functional enzymes. The results showed that the content of humus in the treatment group added maleic anhydride (MAH) was higher than that in the control check (CK). The decrease rate of humus precursor concentration of MAH was also higher than that of CK. In MAH, the activities of laccase and tyrosinase were improved, thus enhanced the catalytic conversion of humus precursors. The analysis of bacterial community showed that maleic anhydride optimized the community structure of humification functional enzymes producing bacteria, with the most obvious increase of Firmicutes. In conclusion, this study provided theoretical supports for the introduction of maleic anhydride into the compost system to promote the polymerization of precursors to form humus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ziyi Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ru Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoli Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yiwu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qunliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Mirabile S, Ielo L, Lombardo L, Ricci F, Gitto R, Germanò MP, Pace V, De Luca L. Leveraging the 3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl Motif to Identify Inhibitors of Tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097944. [PMID: 37175649 PMCID: PMC10177926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) is implicated in melanin production in various organisms. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the overproduction of melanin might be related to several skin pigmentation disorders as well as neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson's disease. Based on this consideration, the development of tyrosinase inhibitors represents a new challenge to identify new agents in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. With the goal of identifying tyrosinase inhibitors from a synthetic source, we employed a cheap and facile preliminary assay using tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus (AbTYR). We have previously demonstrated that the 4-fluorobenzyl moiety might be effective in interactions with the catalytic site of AbTYR; moreover, the additional chlorine atom exerted beneficial effects in enhancing inhibitory activity. Therefore, we planned the synthesis of new small compounds in which we incorporated the 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl fragment into distinct chemotypes that revealed the ability to establish profitable contact with the AbTYR catalytic site. Our results confirmed that the presence of this fragment is an important structural feature to improve the AbTYR inhibition in these new chemotypes as well. Furthermore, docking analysis supported the best activity of the selected studied compounds, possessing higher potency when compared with reference compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mirabile
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
- Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, I-98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Lisa Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federico Ricci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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Zhu X, Wang J, Fu Y, Zhou A, Ye M, Riaz MW, Xing B, Shao Q. Evaluation of whitening and antimicrobial activity of two strains of Bletilla striata WT and HL20. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 306:116151. [PMID: 36638853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reixchb.f. is a perennial herb of the Orchid-aceae Bletilla and have various ethnopharmacological uses. As a traditional astringent hemostatic Chinese herbal medicine, B. striata has been widely used in the treatment of 127 different kinds of hemorrhagic diseases. Moreover, B. striata has been a beauty medicine since ancient times, with the first ancient records dating back to 2000 years ago, traditionally used to removing freckle and smooth the skin. Because of the high content of polysaccharides, which is considered the primary active substance of B. striata and having anti-aging, whitening, and anti-oxidation functions, this is also widely used in the cosmetics industry. AIM We screened the germplasm resources of B. striata in the early stage and the superior HL20 strain was obtained. Our research aims to analyze and compare the whitening and antimicrobial activities of different extracts (aqueous extract, ethanol extract, and aqueous extract from ethanol extract filter residue) of the selected superior varieties (HL20) and the control (WT). MATERIALS AND METHODS L-tyrosine and L-dopa were used as substrates to establish a tyrosinase inhibition system with arbutin as the positive control and the whitening activity was measured by the inhibition rate of TYR-M and TYR-D. Besides, an in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed to assess the antimicrobial activity of the B. striata extracts. In a nutshell, the method of punching diffusion was used to thoroughly examine the effects of three extracts from two strains on the antimicrobial activity of five types of microorganism in cosmetics microbiological testing products. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of different extracts were also assessed. RESULTS Results showed that the whitening and antimicrobial properties of the HL20 strain were found to be more potent than those of the WT strain. Compared with the other two extraction methods, the aqueous extract from ethanol extract filter residue of B. striata exhibited better inhibition of tyrosinase activity. The antimicrobial assay manifested that only the ethanol extract of B. striata had an inhibitory effect and had a potent antimicrobial impact on E. faecalis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we evaluated the pharmacological activity of the pre-selected excellent variety (HL20) in terms of whitening and antimicrobial activity. Our results reveal that the selected strain (HL20) has certain advantages over the control (WT). These characteristics make it a candidate additive for whitening cosmetics. Our study also provides a further contribution to the product application of B. striata in cosmetics and antimicrobial agents and the selected HL20 also lays a foundation for the breeding of superior B. striata varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Kaihua County, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324300, China
| | - Aizhu Zhou
- Qujiang District Agricultural Characteristic Industry Development Center of Quzhou City, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Menglu Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Bingcong Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qingsong Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Das G, Seo S, Yang IJ, Nguyen LTH, Shin HS, Patra JK. Sericin mediated gold/silver bimetallic nanoparticles and exploration of its multi-therapeutic efficiency and photocatalytic degradation potential. Environ Res 2023; 229:115935. [PMID: 37080278 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The current investigation aimed at bimetallic gold-silver nanoparticles (Au/Ag NPs), here called BM-GS NPs, synthesis using sericin protein as the reducing agent in an easy, cost-effective, and sustainable way. The obtained BM-GS NPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Thermogravimetric analysis followed by evaluation of its multitherapeutic and photocatalytic degradation potentials. The TEM analysis revealed its spherical nature and the EDS result displayed the presence of both Ag and Au elements, confirming the synthesis of BM-GS NPs. The XRD pattern verified the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles (NPs). The DLS analysis showed an average size of 86.08 d nm and the zeta potential showed a highly negative value (-26.3 mV) which specifies that the generated bimetallic NPs are stable. The BM-GS NPs exhibited positive wound healing potential (with 63.38% of wound closure rate at 25 μg/ml, as compared to 54.42% by the untreated control) with very negligible toxicity effect on the cell viability of the normal keratinocyte cells. It also demonstrated promising antioxidant properties with 65.00%, 69.23%, and 63.03% activity at 100 μg/ml concentration for ABTS (2, 2-azinobis) (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), DPPH (1, 1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and SOD (superoxide dismutase enzyme) assays respectively, antidiabetic potential (with a significantly high α-glucosidase inhibition potential of 99.69% at 10μg/ml concentration and 62.11% of α-amylase enzyme inhibition at 100 μg/ml concentration) and moderate tyrosinase inhibitory potential (with 17.09% at 100 μg/ml concentration). Besides, it displayed reasonable antibacterial potential with the diameter of zone of inhibition ranging between 10.89 and 12.39 mm. Further, its antibacterial mode of action reveals that its effects could be due to being very smaller, the NPs could have penetrated inside the cellular membrane thereby causing rupture and damage to the interior materials leading to cellular lysis. The photocatalytic evaluation showed that synthesized BM-GS NPs have the efficiency of degrading methylene blue dye by 34.70% within 3 h of treatment. The above findings revealed the multi-therapeutic efficacy of the sericin globular protein-mediated BM-GS NPs and its potential future applications in the cosmetics and food sector and environmental contamination management industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - SuJin Seo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ly Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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