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Yoon D, Jung HJ, Lee J, Kim HJ, Park HS, Park YJ, Kang MK, Kim GY, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. In vitro and in vivo anti-pigmentation effects of 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles as nanomolar tyrosinase inhibitors on mammalian cells and zebrafish embryos: Preparation of pigment-free zebrafish embryos. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116136. [PMID: 38244374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, 10 2-mercaptobenzo[d]imidazole (2-MBI) compounds (1-10) were synthesized. Although all 2-MBI compounds are tyrosinase inhibitors that inhibit mushroom tyrosinase at extremely low concentrations (IC50 values: 20-740 nM) and effectively inhibit the browning of apples, to our knowledge, no studies have determined whether 2-MBI compounds inhibit mammalian tyrosinase. Mammalian tyrosinase is different from mushroom tyrosinase in its distribution within the cell and has structural characteristics that are different from mushroom tyrosinase in amino acid sequence and in the presence of a quaternary structure. Thus, the effect of the 10 2-MBI compounds on mammalian tyrosinase activity was investigated in B16F10 cells. Six compounds (1-6) exhibited stronger intracellular tyrosinase inhibition than that of kojic acid and phenylthiourea (PTU), which are known to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors; their strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity robustly inhibited intracellular melanin production in B16F10 cells. None of the tested 2-MBI compounds exhibited appreciable cytotoxicity in HaCaT and B16F10 cells. To confirm the anti-melanogenic efficacy of the 2-MBI compounds in vivo, a zebrafish embryo model was used. At concentrations 100 times lower than kojic acid, most 2-MBI compounds demonstrated much stronger depigmentation efficacy than that of kojic acid, and three 2-MBI compounds (2-4) showed depigmentation activity similar to or more potent than that of PTU, resulting in nearly pigment-free zebrafish embryos. These results suggest that 2-MBI compounds may be potential therapeutic agents for hyperpigmentation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Jung Park Y, Jin Jung H, Jin Kim H, Soo Park H, Lee J, Yoon D, Kyung Kang M, Young Kim G, Ullah S, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Young Chung H, Ryong Moon H. Thiazol-4(5H)-one analogs as potent tyrosinase inhibitors: Synthesis, tyrosinase inhibition, antimelanogenic effect, antioxidant activity, and in silico docking simulation. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117578. [PMID: 38154348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
As the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) structure was previously identified to play a key role in tyrosinase inhibition, 14 analogs with a PUSC structure built on a thiazol-4(5H)-one scaffold were synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation to serve as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Through mushroom tyrosinase inhibition experiments, two analogs 9 and 11 were identified as potent tyrosinase inhibitors, with 11 exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.4 ± 0.01 μM, which indicates its 26-fold greater potency than kojic acid. Kinetic studies using Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that 9 and 11 are competitive and mixed-type inhibitors, respectively; these kinetic results were supported by docking simulations. According to the B16F10 cell-based experiments, 9 and 11 inhibited melanogenesis more effectively than kojic acid due to their potent cellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In addition, analogs 9 and 11 exhibited moderate-to-strong antioxidant capacity, scavenging ABTS+, DPPH, and ROS radicals. In particular, analog 12 with a catechol moiety exhibited very strong ROS-scavenging activity, similar to Trolox. These results suggest that analogs 9 and 11, which exhibit potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity in mushroom and mammalian cells and anti-melanogenic effects in B16F10 cells, are promising antibrowning agents for crops and skin lightening agents for hyperpigmentation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn YR, Jang JY, Kang YJ, Oh HJ, Kang MK, Yoon D, Kim HS, Moon HR, Chung HY, Kim ND. MHY446 induces apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. J Chemother 2023:1-18. [PMID: 38054850 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2286757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of a newly synthesized histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, MHY446, in inducing cell death in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and compared its activity with that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a well-known HDAC inhibitor. The results showed that MHY446 increased the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 and decreased the expression and activity of HDAC proteins in HCT116 cells. Additionally, MHY446 was confirmed to bind more strongly to HDAC1 than HDAC2 and inhibit its activity. In vivo experiments using nude mice revealed that MHY446 was as effective as SAHA in inhibiting HCT116 cell-grafted tumor growth. This study also evaluated the biological effects of MHY446 on cell survival and death pathways. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) confirmed that ROS play a role in MHY446-induced cell death by reducing poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. MHY446 also induced cell death via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing the expression of ER stress-related proteins. NAC treatment decreased the expression of ER stress-related proteins, indicating that ROS mediate ER stress as an upstream signaling pathway and induce cell death. While MHY446 did not exhibit superior HDAC inhibition efficacy compared to SAHA, it is anticipated to provide innovative insights into the future development of therapeutic agents for human CRC by offering novel chemical structure-activity relationship-related information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Ahn
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Kang MK, Yoon D, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Lee J, Park HS, Kim HJ, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Young Chung H, Moon HR. Identification and molecular mechanism of novel 5-alkenyl-2-benzylaminothiazol-4(5H)-one analogs as anti-melanogenic and antioxidant agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106763. [PMID: 37566943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom tyrosinase is a tetramer, whereas mammalian tyrosinase is a monomeric glycoprotein. In addition, the amino acid sequence of mushroom tyrosinases differs from that of mammalian tyrosinases. MHY2081 exhibits potent inhibitory activity against both mushroom and mammalian tyrosinases. Accordingly, based on the MHY2081 structure, 5-alkenyl-2-benzylaminothiazol-4(5H)-one analogs were designed as a novel anti-tyrosinase agent and synthesized using 2-((3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)amino)thiazol-4(5H)-one (16), a key intermediate obtained via the rearrangement of a benzylamino group. Compounds 6 and 9 (IC50 = 1.5-4.6 µM) exhibited higher mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity than kojic acid (IC50 = 20-21 µM) in the presence of l-tyrosine and/or l-dopa. Based on kinetic analysis using Lineweaver-Burk plots, 6 was a mixed inhibitor, whereas 9 was a competitive inhibitor, and docking simulation results supported that these compounds could bind to the active site of mushroom tyrosinase. Using B16F10 mammalian cells, we demonstrated that these compounds inhibited melanogenesis more potently than kojic acid, and their anti-melanogenic effects could be attributed to tyrosinase inhibition. All synthesized compounds could scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), with five compounds exhibiting mild-to-strong ABTS+ and DPPH radical-scavenging abilities. Compounds 6 and 9 were potent tyrosinase inhibitors with strong antioxidant activities against ROS, ABTS+, and DPPH radicals. Moreover, the compounds significantly suppressed tyrosinase expression in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that the novel 5-alkenyl-2-benzylaminothiazol-4(5H)-one analogs, especially 6 and 9, are potential anti-melanogenic agents with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Lee J, Yoon D, Son M, Kim MJ, Ha S, Kim D, Yoo JA, Kim D, Chung HY, Moon HR, Chung KW. Thiobarbiturate-Derived Compound MHY1025 Alleviates Renal Fibrosis by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Epithelial Inflammation, and Fibroblast Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1947. [PMID: 38001800 PMCID: PMC10669799 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a kidney structure and function abnormality. CKD development and progression are strongly influenced by oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, which can lead to tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Unfortunately, there are no effective or specific treatments for CKD. We investigated the potential of the thiobarbiturate-derived compound MHY1025 to alleviate CKD by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In vitro experiments using NRK52E renal tubular epithelial cells revealed that MHY1025 significantly reduced LPS-induced oxidative stress and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway, which is involved in inflammatory responses. Furthermore, treatment with MHY1025 significantly suppressed the expression of fibrosis-related genes and proteins induced by TGFβ in NRK49F fibroblasts. Furthermore, we analyzed the MHY1025 effects in vivo. To induce kidney fibrosis, mice were administered 250 mg/kg folic acid (FA) and orally treated with MHY1025 (0.5 mg/kg/day) for one week. MHY1025 effectively decreased the FA-induced inflammatory response in the kidneys. The group treated with MHY1025 exhibited a significant reduction in cytokine and chemokine expression and decreased immune cell marker expression. Decreased inflammatory response was associated with decreased tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Overall, MHY1025 alleviated renal fibrosis by directly modulating renal epithelial inflammation and fibroblast activation, suggesting that MHY1025 has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.-J.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.); (J.-a.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Minjung Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.-J.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.); (J.-a.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.-J.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.); (J.-a.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.-J.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.); (J.-a.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.-J.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.); (J.-a.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ji-an Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.-J.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.); (J.-a.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Functional Food Materials Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.-J.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.); (J.-a.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.-J.K.); (S.H.); (D.K.); (J.-a.Y.); (H.Y.C.)
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Lee J, Park HS, Jung HJ, Park YJ, Kang MK, Kim HJ, Yoon D, Ullah S, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. Anti-Browning Effect of 2-Mercaptobenzo[ d]imidazole Analogs with Antioxidant Activity on Freshly-Cut Apple Slices and Their Highly Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1814. [PMID: 37891893 PMCID: PMC10604187 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-MBI) analogs were synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors because mercapto-containing compounds can bind to copper ions at the active site of tyrosinase to inhibit enzyme activity. Nine 2-MBI analogs showed sub-micromolar IC50 values for mushroom tyrosinase monophenolase activity; analog 4 was 280-fold more potent than kojic acid, and in diphenolase activity, 6 was 970-fold more potent than kojic acid. The inhibition mode of the 2-MBI analogs was investigated using kinetic studies supported by docking simulations. Benzimidazoles without the 2-mercapto substituent of the 2-MBI analogs lost their tyrosinase inhibitory activity, implying that the 2-mercapto substituent plays an important role in tyrosinase inhibition. The 2-MBI analogs exerted potent antioxidant effects against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results obtained from apple slices and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) suggest that most 2-MBI analogs are sufficiently safe candidates to delay the browning of apple slices effectively. Thus, these results support the potential use of 2-MBI analogs as anti-browning agents in foods such as mushrooms, vegetables, and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (H.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (M.K.K.); (H.J.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Hye Soo Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (H.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (M.K.K.); (H.J.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Yu Jung Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (H.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (M.K.K.); (H.J.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (H.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (M.K.K.); (H.J.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (H.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (M.K.K.); (H.J.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (H.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (M.K.K.); (H.J.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (H.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (M.K.K.); (H.J.K.); (D.Y.)
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Saparbayeva A, Lee J, Hlaing SP, Kim J, Kwak D, Kim H, Lee EH, Hwang S, Kim MS, Moon HR, Jung Y, Yoo JW. Ionically bridged dexamethasone sodium phosphate-zinc-PLGA nanocomplex in alginate microgel for the local treatment of ulcerative colitis. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:646-658. [PMID: 37537405 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems comprising nanoparticles and microparticles have emerged as promising tools for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) because they minimize side effects and maximize the local drug concentration. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) is a potent anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used for the treatment of UC. However, it remains a rather short-term treatment option owing to its side effects. In the present study, we developed the alginate gel encapsulating ionically bridged DSP-zinc-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocomplex (DZP-NCs-in-microgel) for the oral local treatment of UC. The successful encapsulation of DSP-zinc-PLGA nanocomplex (DZP-NCs) in alginate microgel was confirmed by SEM imaging. The prepared gel released DZP-NCs in the stimulated intestinal fluid and dampened the release of DSP in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, DZP-NCs-in-microgel alleviated colonic inflammation in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by relieving clinical symptoms and histological marks. Our results suggest a novel approach for the oral colon-targeted delivery of dexamethasone sodium phosphate for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruzhan Saparbayeva
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Juho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Shwe Phyu Hlaing
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Hwang HJ, Li DD, Lee J, Kang MK, Moon HR, Lee JH. Compounds That Have an Anti-Biofilm Effect against Common Bacteria at Very Low Concentrations and Their Antibiotic Combination Effect. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050853. [PMID: 37237757 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two synthetic compounds, MHY1383, azo-resveratrol and MHY1387, 5-[4-hydroxy-3,5-methoxybenzy]-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6[1H,5H]-dione have been reported to have an anti-biofilm effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa at very low concentrations (1-10 pM). Here, we investigated the anti-biofilm effects of these compounds in various bacteria. We found that MHY1383 significantly inhibited Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation at 1 pM, 1 nM, and 10 nM, respectively. MHY1387 also inhibited the biofilm formation of E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus at 1 pM, 10 nM, and 100 pM, respectively. Both MHY1383 and MHY1387 showed medium-dependent anti-biofilm effects on Salmonella enterica at high concentrations (10 μM). We also tested the susceptibility to antibiotics by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in various bacteria. When P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis, S. enterica, and S. aureus were treated with MHY1383 or MHY1387 in combination with four different antibiotics, the MICs of carbenicillin against B. subtilis and S. aureus were lowered more than two-fold by the combination with MHY1387. However, in all other combinations, the MIC changed within two-fold. The results of this study suggest that MHY1383 and MHY1387 are effective anti-biofilm agents and can be used at very low concentrations against biofilms formed by various types of bacteria. We also suggest that even if a substance that inhibits biofilm is used together with antibiotics, it does not necessarily have the effect of lowering the MIC of the antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ji Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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9
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Jo J, Kim J, Ibrahim L, Kumar M, Iaconelli J, So Tran C, Ryong Moon H, Jung Y, Luke Wiseman R, Lairson LL, Chatterjee AK, Bollong MJ, Yun H. Optimization of 3-aminotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxides with improved potency and efficacy as non-electrophilic antioxidant response element (ARE) activators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 89:129306. [PMID: 37116763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Activating NRF2-driven transcription with non-electrophilic small molecules represents an attractive strategy to therapeutically target disease states associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we describe a campaign to optimize the potency and efficacy of a previously identified bis-sulfone based non-electrophilic ARE activator 2. This work identifies the efficacious analog 17, a compound with a non-cytotoxic profile in IMR32 cells, as well as ARE activators 18 and 22, analogs with improved cellular potency. In silico drug-likeness prediction suggested the optimized bis-sulfones 17, 18, and 22 will likely be of pharmacological utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyun Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Manoj Kumar
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Cong So Tran
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Arnab K Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael J Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Yoon D, Kang MK, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Lee J, Jeong Y, Noh SG, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Insights of 5-(Substituted benzylidene)-2-phenylthiazol-4(5 H)-one Derivatives: A Novel Class of Anti-Melanogenic Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083293. [PMID: 37110531 PMCID: PMC10144242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(Z)-5-Benzylidene-2-phenylthiazol-4(5H)-one ((Z)-BPT) derivatives were designed by combining the structural characteristics of two tyrosinase inhibitors. The double-bond geometry of trisubstituted alkenes, (Z)-BPTs 1-14, was determined based on the 3JC,Hβ coupling constant of 1H-coupled 13C NMR spectra. Three (Z)-BPT derivatives (1-3) showed stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activities than kojic acid; in particular, 2 was to be 189-fold more potent than kojic acid. Kinetic analysis using mushroom tyrosinase indicated that 1 and 2 were competitive inhibitors, whereas 3 was a mixed-type inhibitor. The in silico results revealed that 1-3 could strongly bind to the active sites of mushroom and human tyrosinases, supporting the kinetic results. Derivatives 1 and 2 decreased the intracellular melanin contents in a concentration-dependent manner in B16F10 cells, and their anti-melanogenic efficacy exceeded that of kojic acid. The anti-tyrosinase activity of 1 and 2 in B16F10 cells was similar to their anti-melanogenic effects, suggesting that their anti-melanogenic effects were primarily owing to their anti-tyrosinase activity. Western blotting of B16F10 cells revealed that the derivatives 1 and 2 inhibited tyrosinase expression, which partially contributes to their anti-melanogenic ability. Several derivatives, including 2 and 3, exhibited potent antioxidant activities against ABTS cation radicals, DPPH radicals, ROS, and peroxynitrite. These results suggest that (Z)-BPT derivatives 1 and 2 have promising potential as novel anti-melanogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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11
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Son M, Kim GY, Yang Y, Ha S, Kim J, Kim D, Chung HY, Moon HR, Chung KW. PPAR Pan Agonist MHY2013 Alleviates Renal Fibrosis in a Mouse Model by Reducing Fibroblast Activation and Epithelial Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054882. [PMID: 36902313 PMCID: PMC10002481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) nuclear receptor has been an interesting target for the treatment of chronic diseases. Although the efficacy of PPAR pan agonists in several metabolic diseases has been well studied, the effect of PPAR pan agonists on kidney fibrosis development has not been demonstrated. To evaluate the effect of the PPAR pan agonist MHY2013, a folic acid (FA)-induced in vivo kidney fibrosis model was used. MHY2013 treatment significantly controlled decline in kidney function, tubule dilation, and FA-induced kidney damage. The extent of fibrosis determined using biochemical and histological methods showed that MHY2013 effectively blocked the development of fibrosis. Pro-inflammatory responses, including cytokine and chemokine expression, inflammatory cell infiltration, and NF-κB activation, were all reduced with MHY2013 treatment. To demonstrate the anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of MHY2013, in vitro studies were conducted using NRK49F kidney fibroblasts and NRK52E kidney epithelial cells. In the NRK49F kidney fibroblasts, MHY2013 treatment significantly reduced TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation. The gene and protein expressions of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin were significantly reduced with MHY2013 treatment. Using PPAR transfection, we found that PPARγ played a major role in blocking fibroblast activation. In addition, MHY2013 significantly reduced LPS-induced NF-κB activation and chemokine expression mainly through PPARβ activation. Taken together, our results suggest that administration of the PPAR pan agonist effectively prevented renal fibrosis in both in vitro and in vivo models of kidney fibrosis, implicating the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists against chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Son
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Kim
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.R.M.); (K.W.C.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2815 (H.R.M.); +82-51-510-2819 (K.W.C.); Fax: +82-51-518-2812 (K.W.C.)
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.R.M.); (K.W.C.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2815 (H.R.M.); +82-51-510-2819 (K.W.C.); Fax: +82-51-518-2812 (K.W.C.)
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12
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Lee J, Jeong Y, Jin Jung H, Ullah S, Ko J, Young Kim G, Yoon D, Hong S, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Young Chung H, Ryong Moon H. Anti-tyrosinase flavone derivatives and their anti-melanogenic activities: Importance of the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106504. [PMID: 37015153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavone derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the hypothesis that flavones containing the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) scaffold have potential anti-tyrosinase activity. Flavones 1a and 1e inhibited mushroom tyrosinase more potently than kojic acid, and 1e inhibited monophenolase and diphenolase 61- and 28-fold more than kojic acid, respectively. Kinetic studies on mushroom tyrosinase indicated that 1a and 1e competitively inhibit monophenolase and diphenolase, and docking results supported these results. In an in vitro assay using B16F10 murine cells, 1a and 1e inhibited melanin production more potently than kojic acid, and this was attributed to the inhibition of tyrosinase. Furthermore, 1a and 1e strongly scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals and ROS, which suggested that their antioxidant properties were at least partly responsible for their anti-melanogenic effects. Moreover, flavone 1a also inhibited the gene expressions of the melanogenesis-related genes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. Our findings that flavone derivatives (i) directly inhibit tyrosinase, (ii) act as antioxidants, and (iii) inhibit the expressions of melanogenesis-related genes suggest their potential use as natural melanogenesis inhibitors. Furthermore, the study confirms that the PUSC scaffold confers anti-tyrosinase activity.
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13
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Lee J, Park YJ, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Yoon D, Jeong Y, Kim GY, Kang MK, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. Design and Synthesis of ( Z)-2-(Benzylamino)-5-benzylidenethiazol-4(5 H)-one Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Their Anti-Melanogenic and Antioxidant Effects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020848. [PMID: 36677908 PMCID: PMC9865752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, (Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-benzylidenethiazol-4(5H)-one (BABT) derivatives were designed as tyrosinase inhibitors based on the structure of MHY2081, using a simplified approach. Of the 14 BABT derivatives synthesized, two derivatives ((Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)thiazol-4(5H)-one [7] and (Z)-2-(benzylamino)-5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)thiazol-4(5H)-one [8]) showed more potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities than kojic acid, regardless of the substrate used; in particular, compound 8 was 106-fold more potent than kojic acid when l-tyrosine was used as the substrate. Analysis of Lineweaver-Burk plots for 7 and 8 indicated that they were competitive inhibitors, which was confirmed via in silico docking. In experiments using B16F10 cells, 8 exerted a greater ability to inhibit melanin production than kojic acid, and it inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that the anti-melanogenic effect of 8 is attributable to its ability to inhibit tyrosinase. In addition, 8 exhibited strong antioxidant activity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals and peroxynitrite and inhibited the expression of melanogenesis-associated proteins (tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor). These results suggest that BABT derivative 8 is a promising candidate for the treatment of hyperpigmentation-related diseases, owing to its inhibition of melanogenesis-associated protein expression, direct tyrosinase inhibition, and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Park
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, West Palm Beach, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Kim
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2815; Fax: +82-51-513-6754
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14
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Kang YJ, Kwon YH, Jang JY, Lee JH, Lee S, Park Y, Moon HR, Chung HY, Kim ND. MHY2251, a New SIRT1 Inhibitor, Induces Apoptosis via JNK/p53 Pathway in HCT116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:73-81. [PMID: 35811306 PMCID: PMC9810441 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) belong to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent class III histone deacetylase family. They are key regulators of cellular and physiological processes, such as cell survival, senescence, differentiation, DNA damage and stress response, cellular metabolism, and aging. SIRTs also influence carcinogenesis, making them potential targets for anticancer therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the anticancer properties and underlying molecular mechanisms of a novel SIRT1 inhibitor, MHY2251, in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. MHY2251 reduced the viability of various human CRC cell lines, especially those with wild-type TP53. MHY2251 inhibited SIRT1 activity and SIRT1/2 protein expression, while promoting p53 acetylation, which is a target of SIRT1 in HCT116 cells. MHY2251 treatment triggered apoptosis in HCT116 cells. It increased the percentage of late apoptotic cells and the sub-G1 fraction (as detected by flow cytometric analysis) and induced DNA fragmentation. In addition, MHY2251 upregulated the expression of FasL and Fas, altered the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, downregulated the levels of pro-caspase-8, -9, and -3 proteins, and induced subsequent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. The induction of apoptosis by MHY2251 was related to the activation of the caspase cascade, which was significantly attenuated by pre-treatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Furthermore, MHY2251 stimulated the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and MHY2251-triggered apoptosis was blocked by pre-treatment with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor. This finding indicated the specific involvement of JNK in MHY2251-induced apoptosis. MHY2251 shows considerable potential as a therapeutic agent for targeting human CRC via the inhibition of SIRT1 and activation of JNK/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggwon Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author E-mail: , Tel: +82-51-510-2801, Fax: +82-51-513-6754
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15
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Lee J, Bae J, Kwak D, Kim H, Kim J, Phyu Hlaing S, Saparbayeva A, Hee Lee E, Yoon IS, Kim MS, Ryong Moon H, Yoo JW. 5-Fluorouracil crystal-incorporated, pH-responsive, and release-modulating PLGA/Eudragit FS hybrid microparticles for local colorectal cancer-targeted chemotherapy. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122443. [PMID: 36503847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer (CRC) owing to its potent anticancer effects. However, severe systemic side effects and poor drug accumulation in the CRC tissues limit its efficacy. This study aimed to develop 5-FU crystal-incorporated, pH-responsive, and release-modulating poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)/Eudragit FS hybrid microparticles (5FU-EPMPs) for the local CRC-targeted chemotherapy. Approximately 150 μm 5FU-EPMPs were fabricated via the S/O/W emulsion solvent evaporation method, with 7.93 ± 0.24% and 87.23 ± 2.64% 5-FU loading and encapsulation efficiencies, respectively. Drug release profiles in a simulated pH environment of the gastrointestinal tract revealed that premature 5-FU release in the stomach and small intestine was prevented, thereby minimizing systemic 5-FU absorption. After reaching the colon, 5-FU was continuously released for >15 h, allowing long-term exposure of CRC tissues to sufficient 5-FU concentrations. Furthermore, in a CRC mouse model, the 5FU-EPMPs showed potent inhibition of tumor growth without signs of systemic toxicity. Thus, the 5FU-EPMPs represent a promising drug delivery system for local CRC-targeted chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwan Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Shwe Phyu Hlaing
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Aruzhan Saparbayeva
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Chung JH, Choi HJ, Kang YJ, Kim YS, Lee SY, Kwon RJ, Jeong HS, Park SJ, Jeong Y, Kang D, Ko J, Noh S, Chung HY, Moon HR, Yoon SH. MHY4571, a novel diarylcyclohexanone derivative, exerts anti-cancer activity by regulating the PKA-cAMP-response element-binding protein pathway in squamous cell lung cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:68. [PMID: 36209131 PMCID: PMC9547450 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) has been suggested to be related to the inhibition of the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a novel diarylcyclohexanone derivative, MHY4571, in regulating the PKA-CREB pathway and to study its anti-tumor role in squamous NSCLC. Methods We designed MHY4571 as a novel PKA inhibitor with acceptable in silico ADME properties and tested it in vitro in lung cancer cell lines and in vivo in xenograft and orthotopic mouse models of squamous cell lung carcinoma. Results MHY4571 inhibited PKA activity (> 70% inhibition) and suppressed the expression of p-PKA and p-CREB dose-dependently. MHY4571 treatment reduced lung cancer cell viability and promoted caspase 3-dependent apoptotic cell death. Orally administered MHY4571 significantly suppressed lung tumor growth in xenograft and orthotopic mouse models. PKA catalytic subunit alpha-silencing by siRNA (siPKA) strongly attenuated CREB phosphorylation; siCREB did not alter PKA protein levels or its phosphorylation, suggesting that PKA is an upstream regulator of CREB activity. MHY4571 acted synergistically with cisplatin (on co-treatment) to induce apoptotic cell death in lung cancer cells. Conclusions Our results imply that MHY4571 may be a potential drug candidate for squamous cell lung cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40164-022-00324-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea. .,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Jung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yull Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryuk Jun Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol Jeong
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jung Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongin Ko
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGyun Noh
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea. .,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Ko J, Lee J, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Jeong Y, Hong S, Kang MK, Park YJ, Hwang Y, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Yoo JW, Chung HY, Moon HR. Design and Synthesis of (Z)-5-(Substituted benzylidene)-3-cyclohexyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one Analogues as Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Compounds: In Vitro and In Silico Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101918. [PMID: 36290640 PMCID: PMC9598926 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many compounds containing the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) scaffold, including cinnamamide derivatives, have been shown to inhibit tyrosinase potently in vitro and in vivo. Structural changes to cinnamamide derivatives were produced by adding a dithionate functional group to provide eight (Z)-5-(substituted benzylidene)-3-cyclohexyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one analogs with high log p values for skin. These analogs were synthesized using a two-step reaction, and their stereochemistry was confirmed using the 3JC4-Hβ values of C4 measured in proton-coupled 13C mode. Analogs 2 (IC50 = 5.21 ± 0.86 µM) and 3 (IC50 = 1.03 ± 0.14 µM) more potently inhibited mushroom tyrosinase than kojic acid (IC50 = 25.26 ± 1.10 µM). Docking results showed 2 binds strongly to the active site of tyrosinase, while 3 binds strongly to an allosteric site. Kinetic studies using l-tyrosine as substrate indicated 2 and 3 competitively and non-competitively inhibit tyrosinase, respectively, which was supported by our docking results. In B16F10 cells, 3 significantly and concentration-dependently reduced α–MSH plus IBMX induced increases in cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin production and the similarity between these inhibitory patterns implied that the anti-melanogenic effect of 3 might be due to its tyrosinase-inhibitory ability. In addition, 2 and 3 exhibited strong antioxidant effects; for example, they reduced ROS and ONOO– levels and exhibited radical scavenging activities, suggesting that these effects might underlie their anti-melanogenic effects. Furthermore, 3 suppressed the expressions of melanogenesis-associated proteins and genes in B16F10 cells. These results suggest (Z)-5-(substituted benzylidene)-3-cyclohexyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one analogs offer a means of producing novel anti-melanogenesis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongin Ko
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sojeong Hong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yu Jung Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - YeJi Hwang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- New Drug Development Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- New Drug Development Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence:
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18
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Kwak J, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park GB, Jo J, Jeong M, Kang S, Moon S, Bang S, An H, Hwang S, Kim MS, Yoo JW, Moon HR, Chang W, Chung KW, Jeong JY, Yun H. A bioisosteric approach to the discovery of novel N-aryl-N′-[4-(aryloxy)cyclohexyl]squaramide-based activators of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) phosphorylation. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Lee SK, Ha ES, Jeong JS, Kim S, Park H, Kim JS, Yoo JW, Moon HR, Jung Y, Kim MS. Determination and correlation of solubility of efinaconazole in fifteen mono solvents and three binary mixed solvents at various temperatures. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Choi H, Young Ryu I, Choi I, Ullah S, Jin Jung H, Park Y, Hwang Y, Jeong Y, Hong S, Chun P, Young Chung H, Ryong Moon H. Identification of (Z)-2-benzylidene-dihydroimidazothiazolone derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors: anti-melanogenic effects and in silico studies. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:899-912. [PMID: 35242283 PMCID: PMC8861568 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - YeJi Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sojeong Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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21
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Lee S, Suh YJ, Lee Y, Yang S, Hong DG, Thirumalai D, Chang SC, Chung KW, Jung YS, Moon HR, Chung HY, Lee J. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Novel Barbiturate Derivative MHY2699 in an MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111855. [PMID: 34829726 PMCID: PMC8615243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, and is caused by the death of dopamine neurons and neuroinflammation in the striatum and substantia nigra. Furthermore, the inflammatory response in PD is closely related to glial cell activation. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of the barbiturate derivative, MHY2699 [5-(4-hydroxy 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2 thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione] in a mouse model of PD. MHY2699 ameliorated MPP⁺-induced astrocyte activation and ROS production in primary astrocytes and inhibited the MPP⁺-induced phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB. The anti-inflammatory effects of MHY2699 in protecting neurons were examined in an MPTP-induced mouse model of PD. MHY2699 inhibited MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and prevented dopaminergic neuronal death, suggesting that it attenuated neuroinflammation. Overall, MHY2699 has potential as a neuroprotective treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (D.G.H.); (K.W.C.); (Y.-S.J.); (H.Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Yeon Ji Suh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (D.G.H.); (K.W.C.); (Y.-S.J.); (H.Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (D.G.H.); (K.W.C.); (Y.-S.J.); (H.Y.C.)
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Seonguk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (D.G.H.); (K.W.C.); (Y.-S.J.); (H.Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Dong Geun Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (D.G.H.); (K.W.C.); (Y.-S.J.); (H.Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Dinakaran Thirumalai
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.T.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (D.T.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (D.G.H.); (K.W.C.); (Y.-S.J.); (H.Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (D.G.H.); (K.W.C.); (Y.-S.J.); (H.Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (D.G.H.); (K.W.C.); (Y.-S.J.); (H.Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (D.G.H.); (K.W.C.); (Y.-S.J.); (H.Y.C.)
- Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2805; Fax: +82-51-513-6754
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Kim J, Hlaing SP, Lee J, Saparbayeva A, Kim S, Hwang DS, Lee EH, Yoon IS, Yun H, Kim MS, Moon HR, Jung Y, Yoo JW. Exfoliated bentonite/alginate nanocomposite hydrogel enhances intestinal delivery of probiotics by resistance to gastric pH and on-demand disintegration. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118462. [PMID: 34420722 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)-encapsulating exfoliated bentonite/alginate nanocomposite hydrogels for protecting probiotics by delaying gastric fluid penetration into the nanocomposite and their on-demand release in the intestine. The pore size of the bentonite/alginate nanocomposite hydrogels (BA15) was two-fold smaller than that of alginate hydrogel (BA00). Following gastric pH challenge, the survival of LGG in BA15 decreased by only 1.43 log CFU/g as compared to the 6.25 log CFU/g decrease in alginate (BA00). Further, the internal pH of BA15 decreased more gradually than that of BA00. After oral administration in mice, BA15 maintained shape integrity during gastric passage, followed by appropriate disintegration within the target intestinal area. Additionally, a fecal recovery experiment in mice showed that the viable counts of LGG in BA15 were six-fold higher than those in BA00. The findings suggest the exfoliated bentonite/alginate nanocomposite hydrogel as a promising platform for intestinal delivery of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Shwe Phyu Hlaing
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Juho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | | | - Sangsik Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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Kim MJ, Kim DH, Bang E, Noh SG, Chun P, Yokozawa T, Moon HR, Chung HY. PPARα Agonist, MHY3200, Alleviates Renal Inflammation during Aging via Regulating ROS/Akt/FoxO1 Signaling. Molecules 2021; 26:3197. [PMID: 34073584 PMCID: PMC8198004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARα is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and its activation is known to play an important role in cell defense through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. MHY3200 (2-[4-(5-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy]-2,2-difluoroacetic acid), a novel benzothiazole-derived peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, is a synthesized PPARα activator. This study examined the beneficial effects of MHY3200 on age-associated alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Akt/forkhead box (FoxO) 1 signaling in rat kidneys. Young (7-month-old) and old (22-month-old) rats were treated with MHY3200 (1 mg/kg body weight/day or 3 mg/kg body weight/day) for two weeks. MHY3200 treatment led to a notable decrease in triglyceride and insulin levels in serum from old rats. The elevated kidney ROS level, serum insulin level, and Akt phosphorylation in old rats were reduced following MHY3200 treatment; moreover, FoxO1 phosphorylation increased. MHY3200 treatment led to the increased level of FoxO1 and its target gene, MnSOD. MHY3200 suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 expression by activating PPARα and inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the kidneys of old rats. Our results suggest that MHY3200 ameliorates age-associated renal inflammation by regulating NF-κB and FoxO1 via ROS/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.H.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.H.K.); (E.B.)
| | - EunJin Bang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.H.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- Interdisciplinary Research Programme of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea;
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan;
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.H.K.); (E.B.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea; (M.J.K.); (D.H.K.); (E.B.)
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Lee S, Choi H, Park Y, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Choi I, Kang D, Park C, Ryu IY, Jeong Y, Hwang Y, Hong S, Chun P, Moon HR. Urolithin and Reduced Urolithin Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis: Importance of the 4-Substituted Resorcinol Moiety. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115616. [PMID: 34070680 PMCID: PMC8199067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold ((E)-PUSC) played an important role in showing high tyrosinase inhibitory activity and that derivatives with a 4-substituted resorcinol moiety as the β-phenyl group of the scaffold resulted in the greatest tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To examine whether the 4-substituted resorcinol moiety could impart tyrosinase inhibitory activity in the absence of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of the (E)-PUSC scaffold, 10 urolithin derivatives were synthesized. To obtain more candidate samples, the lactone ring in synthesized urolithins was reduced to produce nine reduced urolithins. Compounds 1c (IC50 = 18.09 ± 0.25 μM), 1h (IC50 = 4.14 ± 0.10 μM), and 2a (IC50 = 15.69 ± 0.40 μM) had greater mushroom tyrosinase-inhibitory activities than kojic acid (KA) (IC50 = 48.62 ± 3.38 μM). The SAR results suggest that the 4-substituted resorcinol motif makes an important contribution to tyrosinase inhibition. To investigate whether these compounds bind to human tyrosinase, a human tyrosinase homology model was developed. Docking simulations with mushroom and human tyrosinases showed that 1c, 1h, and 2a bind to the active site of both tyrosinases with higher binding affinities than KA. Pharmacophore analyses showed that two hydroxyl groups of the 4-substituted resorcinol entity act as hydrogen bond donors in both mushroom and human tyrosinases. Kinetic analyses indicated that these compounds were all competitive inhibitors. Compound 2a inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in α-MSH plus IBMX-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells more strongly than KA. These results suggest that 2a is a promising candidate for the treatment of skin pigment disorders, and show the 4-substituted resorcinol entity importantly contributes to tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggwon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - YeJi Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Sojeong Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2815; Fax: +82-51-513-6754
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Jo J, Lee D, Park YH, Choi H, Han J, Park DH, Choi YK, Kwak J, Yang MK, Yoo JW, Moon HR, Geum D, Kang KS, Yun H. Discovery and optimization of novel 3-benzyl-N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides as bifunctional antidiabetic agents stimulating both insulin secretion and glucose uptake. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113325. [PMID: 33765605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 3-benzyl-N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The cytotoxicity of all 41 novel compounds was screened to assess their pharmacological safety in pancreatic β-cells. A two-step optimization process was carried out to establish the structure-activity relationship for this class and subsequently we identified the most active analogue 26. Further modification study of 26 evidenced the necessity of N-hydrogens in the core architecture. Protein expression analysis suggested that 26 increases insulin secretion via the activation of the upstream effector of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), which is an important factor promoting GSIS. Moreover, the administration of 26 effectively augmented glucose uptake in C2C12 myotube cells via the suppression of Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), an insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) ubiquitination E3 ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyun Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hye Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Han
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kyung Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsook Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Yang
- Mother's Pharmaceutical, Seoul, 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Medical School, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Ryu IY, Choi I, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Choi H, Al-Amin M, Chun P, Moon HR. In vitro anti-melanogenic effects of chimeric compounds, 2-(substituted benzylidene)-1,3-indanedione derivatives with a β-phenyl-α, β -unsaturated dicarbonyl scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104688. [PMID: 33582586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is considered a key contributor to melanogenesis, and safe, potent tyrosinase inhibitors are needed for medical and cosmetic purposes to treat skin hyperpigmentation and prevent fruit and vegetable browning. According to our accumulated SAR data on tyrosinase inhibitors, the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold in either E or Z configurations, can confer potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In this study, twelve indanedione derivatives were synthesized as chimeric compounds with a β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl scaffold. Two of these derivatives, that is, compounds 2 and 3 (85% and 96% inhibition, respectively), at 50 μM inhibited mushroom tyrosinase markedly more potently than kojic acid (49% inhibition). Docking studies predicted that compounds 2 and 3 both inhibited tyrosinase competitively, and these findings were supported by Lineweaver-Burk plots. In addition, both compounds inhibited tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin contents in B16F10 cells more than kojic acid without perceptible cytotoxicity. These results support the notion that chimeric compounds with the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl scaffold represent promising starting points for the development of potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Md Al-Amin
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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Choi I, Park Y, Ryu IY, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Choi H, Park C, Kang D, Lee S, Chun P, Young Chung H, Moon HR. In silico and in vitro insights into tyrosinase inhibitors with a 2-thioxooxazoline-4-one template. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:37-50. [PMID: 33363708 PMCID: PMC7753086 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) scaffold confers tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and in the present study, 16 (Z)-5-(substituted benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxooxazolidin-4-one analogues containing this scaffold were synthesized. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities were examined. Compound 1c (IC50 = 4.70 ± 0.40 μM) and compound 1j (IC50 = 11.18 ± 0.54 μM) inhibited tyrosinase by 4.9 and 2.1-fold, respectively, and did so more potently than kojic acid (IC50 = 23.18 ± 0.11 μM). Kinetic analysis of tyrosinase inhibition revealed that 1c and 1j inhibited tyrosinase competitively. Results of docking simulation with mushroom tyrosinase using four docking programs suggested that 1c and 1j bind more strongly than kojic acid to the active site of tyrosinase and supported kinetic findings that both compounds are competitive inhibitors. The docking results of human tyrosinase homology model indicated that 1c and 1j can also strongly inhibit human tyrosinase. EZ-cytox assays revealed 1c and 1j were not cytotoxic to B16F10 melanoma cells. The effects of 1c and 1j on cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin production were also investigated in α-MSH- and IBMX-co-stimulated these cells. Both compounds significantly and dose-dependently reduced tyrosinase activity, and at 10 µM were more potent than kojic acid at 20 µM. Compounds 1c and 1j also inhibited melanogenesis, which suggested that the inhibitory effects of these compounds on melanin production were mainly attributable to their inhibitions of tyrosinase. These results indicate that compounds 1c and 1j with the PUSC scaffold have potential use as whitening agents for the treatment of hyperpigmentation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sanggwon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
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28
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Jung HJ, Noh SG, Ryu IY, Park C, Lee JY, Chun P, Moon HR, Chung HY. ( E)-1-(Furan-2-yl)-(substituted phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Melanogenesis Inhibition: An In Vitro and In Silico Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225460. [PMID: 33233397 PMCID: PMC7700175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of (E)-1-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives (compounds 1–8) were synthesized and evaluated for their mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Among these series, compound 8 (2,4-dihydroxy group bearing benzylidene) showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity, with respective IC50 values of 0.0433 µM and 0.28 µM for the monophenolase and diphenolase as substrates in comparison to kojic acid as standard compound 19.97 µM and 33.47 µM. Moreover, the enzyme kinetics of compound 8 were determined to be of the mixed inhibition type and inhibition constant (Ki) values of 0.012 µM and 0.165 µM using the Lineweaver-Burk plot. Molecular docking results indicated that compound 8 can bind to the catalytic and allosteric sites 1 and 2 of tyrosinase to inhibit enzyme activity. The computational molecular dynamics analysis further revealed that compound 8 interacted with two residues in the tyrosinase active site pocket, such as ASN260 and MET280. In addition, compound 8 attenuated melanin synthesis and cellular tyrosinase activity, simulated by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. Compound 8 also decreased tyrosinase expressions in B16F10 cells. Based on in vitro and computational studies, we propose that compound 8 might be a worthy candidate for the development of an antipigmentation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Ji Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Korea;
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.R.M.); (H.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2814 (H.Y.C.); Fax: +82-51-518-2821 (H.Y.C.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (H.J.J.); (S.G.N.); (I.Y.R.); (C.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.R.M.); (H.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2814 (H.Y.C.); Fax: +82-51-518-2821 (H.Y.C.)
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29
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Chung KW, Ha S, Kim SM, Kim DH, An HJ, Lee EK, Moon HR, Chung HY. PPARα/β Activation Alleviates Age-Associated Renal Fibrosis in Sprague Dawley Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:452-458. [PMID: 31112599 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated renal fibrosis is commonly observed, with a decline in renal function during aging. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α/β (PPARα/β) activation has been shown to exert beneficial effects on age-associated renal changes, its effects on age-associated renal fibrosis have not been investigated yet. Here, we show that the PPARα/β activator, MHY2013, can significantly alter lipid metabolism in renal tubule epithelial cells and attenuate renal fibrosis in aged Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. We found that MHY2013 significantly increased nuclear translocation and activity of PPARα/β in NRK52E renal epithelial cells. Moreover, the enhanced PPARα/β activity increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-associated PPARα/β target genes. In addition, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)- and oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation and fibrosis-associated gene expression were decreased in NRK52E cells by MHY2013 pretreatment. To evaluate the effects of MHY2013 on age-associated renal fibrosis, aged SD rates were orally administered MHY2013 (1 and 5 mg/kg) daily for 1 month. MHY2013 efficiently increased PPARα/β activation and reduced renal lipid accumulation in aged SD rat kidneys. Furthermore, renal fibrosis was significantly decreased by MHY2013, indicating the importance of renal lipid metabolism in age-associated renal fibrosis. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of PPARα/β signaling during aging prevents age-associated renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin An
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Jung HJ, Kim SM, Kim DH, Bang E, Kang D, Lee S, Chun P, Moon HR, Chung HY. 2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-benzo[d]thiazole (MHY553), a synthetic PPARα agonist, decreases age-associated inflammatory responses through PPARα activation and RS scavenging in the skin. Exp Gerontol 2020; 143:111153. [PMID: 33189833 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl-benzo[d]thiazole (MHY553) is a PPARα agonist, which has been shown to inhibit tyrosinase activity in murine melanocyte and alleviate hepatic steatosis in aged rats. This study investigated the effects of MHY553 on the age-related occurrence of inflammatory responses via the molecular modulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the skin of aged rats and skin fibroblast cells. Moreover, we investigated the antioxidant effect of MHY553 via in vitro assays of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) scavenging activities. We also scrutinized the ability of MHY553 as a PPARα activator in aged rat skin and H2O2-induced Hs27 fibroblast cells. In vivo experiments were performed in young, aged, and MHY553-fed aged rats (3 mg or 5 mg∙kg -1∙day -1 for 4 weeks). MHY553 dose-dependently scavenged ROS and ONOO-. Furthermore, we found that MHY553 suppressed the NF-κB transcription factor and downregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling. MHY553 also inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6. Our findings indicate the MHY553 scavenges ROS/reactive nitrogen species and inhibits inflammatory cytokines through PPARα activation in the skin. Thus, these results suggest that MHY553 may be of therapeutic interest for protecting skin from oxidative stress-induced damage and intrinsic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsang 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - EunJin Bang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggwon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Kim MJ, Kang YJ, Sung B, Jang JY, Ahn YR, Oh HJ, Choi H, Choi I, Im E, Moon HR, Chung HY, Kim ND. Novel SIRT Inhibitor, MHY2256, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagic Cell Death in HCT116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:561-568. [PMID: 33073770 PMCID: PMC7585637 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the anticancer effects of a novel sirtuin inhibitor, MHY2256, on HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells to investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms. MHY2256 significantly suppressed the activity of sirtuin 1 and expression levels of sirtuin 1/2 and stimulated acetylation of forkhead box O1, which is a target protein of sirtuin 1. Treatment with MHY2256 inhibited the growth of the HCT116 (TP53 wild-type), HT-29 (TP53 mutant), and DLD-1 (TP53 mutant) human colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, MHY2256 induced G0/G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle progression, which was accompanied by the reduction of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and the decrease of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin-dependent kinase 6, phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, and E2F transcription factor 1. Apoptosis induction was shown by DNA fragmentation and increase in late apoptosis, which were detected using flow cytometric analysis. MHY2256 downregulated expression levels of procaspase-8, -9, and -3 and led to subsequent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. MHY2256-induced apoptosis was involved in the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and was prevented by pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Furthermore, the autophagic effects of MHY2256 were observed as cytoplasmic vacuolation, green fluorescent protein-light-chain 3 punctate dots, accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles, and upregulated expression level of light-chain 3-II. Taken together, these results suggest that MHY2256 could be a potential novel sirtuin inhibitor for the chemoprevention or treatment of colorectal cancer or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jung Kang
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Jang
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ra Ahn
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Oh
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Choi
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Division of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Ryu IY, Choi I, Ullah S, Choi H, Chun P, Moon HR. Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects of Derivatives of (E)‐2‐(Substituted Benzylidene)‐3,4‐Dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐One. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il Young Ryu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Heejeong Choi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Inje University Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
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Tae IH, Son JY, Lee SH, Ahn MY, Yoon K, Yoon S, Moon HR, Kim HS. A new SIRT1 inhibitor, MHY2245, induces autophagy and inhibits energy metabolism via PKM2/mTOR pathway in human ovarian cancer cells. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1901-1916. [PMID: 32398958 PMCID: PMC7211172 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.44343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological cancer that is found worldwide. Class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, a new class of anticancer agents, induce autophagy in various human cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor activity of MHY2245, a new synthetic SIRT inhibitor, on human ovarian cancer cells. We found that MHY2245 exhibited potent cytotoxicity to SKOV3 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of MHY2245 (IC50=0.32 µM) was higher than that of doxorubicin (DOX, IC50=1.38µM) against SKOV3 cells. MHY2245 significantly inhibited SIRT1 enzyme activity, reduced the expression of SIRT1, increased cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and induced apoptotic cell death in SKOV3 cells via expression of cytochrome c, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax. This might be associated with blocking of the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)/mTOR pathway. MHY2245 also inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor size when SKOV3 cells were transplanted into nude mice. Our results indicate that MHY2245 exerts antitumor activity against ovarian cancer cells by blocking the PKM2/mTOR pathway. We suggest that MHY2245 is a promising anticancer agent that disrupts ovarian cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hwan Tae
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Son
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Ahn
- Major in Pharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Bio-industry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsil Yoon
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpil Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Richa S, Dey P, Park C, Yang J, Son JY, Park JH, Lee SH, Ahn MY, Kim IS, Moon HR, Kim HS. A New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, MHY4381, Induces Apoptosis via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:184-194. [PMID: 31476841 PMCID: PMC7059815 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a novel class of anticancer agents, which can be used to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in several types of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of MHY4381, a newly synthesized HDAC inhibitor, against human prostate cancer cell lines and compared its efficacy with that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a well-known HDAC inhibitor. We assessed cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and other biological effects in the prostate cancer cells. We also evaluated a possible mechanism of MHY4381 on the apoptotic cell death pathway. The IC50 value of MHY4381 was lower in DU145 cells (IC50=0.31 μM) than in LNCaP (IC50=0.85 μM) and PC-3 cells (IC50=5.23 μM). In addition, the IC50 values of MHY4381 measured in this assay were significantly lower than those of SAHA against prostate cancer cell lines. MHY4381 increased the levels of acetylated histones H3 and H4 and reduced the expression of HDAC proteins in the prostate cancer cell lines. MHY4381 increased G2/M phase arrest in DU145 cells, and G1 arrest in LNCaP cells. It also activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which induced apoptosis in the DU145 and LNCaP cells by increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and releasing cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Our results indicated that MHY4381 preferentially results in antitumor effects in DU145 and LNCaP cells via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and ROS-facilitated cell death pathway, and therefore can be used as a promising prostate cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachan Richa
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Prasanta Dey
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Son
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Ahn
- Major in Pharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Jung HJ, Noh SG, Park Y, Kang D, Chun P, Chung HY, Moon HR. In vitro and in silico insights into tyrosinase inhibitors with ( E)-benzylidene-1-indanone derivatives. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1255-1264. [PMID: 31921392 PMCID: PMC6944710 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme responsible for melanin biosynthesis and is effective in protecting skin damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. As part of ongoing efforts to discover potent tyrosinase inhibitors, we systematically designed and synthesized thirteen (E)-benzylidene-1-indanone derivatives (BID1–13) and determined their inhibitory activities against tyrosinase. Among the compounds evaluated, BID3 was the most potent inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase (IC50 = 0.034 µM, monophenolase activity; IC50 = 1.39 µM, diphenolase activity). Kinetic studies revealed that BID3 demonstrated a mixed type of tyrosinase inhibition with Ki value of 2.4 µM using l-DOPA as a substrate. In silico molecular docking simulations demonstrated that BID3 can bind to the catalytic and allosteric sites of tyrosinase to inhibit enzyme activity which confirmed in vitro experimental studies between BID3 and tyrosinase. Furthermore, melanin contents decreased and cellular tyrosinase activity was inhibited after BID3 treatment. These observations revealed that BID3 is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor and potentially could be used as a whitening agent for the treatment of pigmentation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Longevity Life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Aging Tissue Bank, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Longevity Life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Aging Tissue Bank, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Longevity Life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Aging Tissue Bank, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Heo G, Kang D, Park C, Kim SJ, Choo J, Lee Y, Yoo JW, Jung Y, Lee J, Kim ND, Chung HY, Moon HR, Im E. Pro-apoptotic effect of the novel benzylidene derivative MHY695 in human colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3256-3264. [PMID: 31452803 PMCID: PMC6704326 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of apoptosis is a useful strategy in anti-cancer research. Various Moon Hyung Yang (MHY) compounds have been developed as novel anti-cancer drug candidates; in the present study, the pro-apoptotic effects of (Z)-5-(3-ethoxy-4- hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (MHY695) on HCT116 human colon cancer cells were assessed. MTT assays were performed to investigate the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of MHY695 on HCT116 cells. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analyses were performed to identify apoptotic cell death, and western blot analysis was used to investigate the apoptotic-signaling pathways. A mouse xenograft model was also used to determine the effects of MHY695 in vivo. MHY695 decreased the viability of HCT116 cells and induced apoptotic cytotoxicity. The apoptotic mechanisms induced by MHY695 involved the dephosphorylation of Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death protein following protein kinase B inactivation, induced myeloid leukaemia cell differentiation protein and BH3-interacting domain death agonist truncation, caspase-3 and -9 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. In addition, MHY695 significantly suppressed tumor growth in the mouse xenograft model, compared with the vehicle control. Notably, MHY695 exhibited potent anti-cancer effects in four different types of human colon cancer cell line, including Caco-2, DLD-1, HT-29 and HCT116. Additionally, MHY695 showed reduced cytotoxicity in NCM460, normal colonic epithelial cells. Furthermore, MHY-induced cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells was independent of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Collectively, these observations suggested that MHY695 may be a novel drug for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangbeom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunna Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Ullah S, Park Y, Park C, Lee S, Kang D, Yang J, Akter J, Chun P, Moon HR. Antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanogenic effects of (E)-2,3-diphenylacrylic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2192-2200. [PMID: 31027707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During our continued search for strong skin whitening agents over the past ten years, we have investigated the efficacies of many tyrosinase inhibitors containing a common (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold, which we found to be essential for the effective inhibition of mushroom and mammalian tyrosinases. In this study, we explored the tyrosinase inhibitory effects of 2,3-diphenylacrylic acid (2,3-DPA) derivatives, which also possess the (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl motif. We synthesized fourteen (E)-2,3-DPA derivatives 1a-1n and one (Z)-2,3-DPA-derivative 1l' using a Perkin reaction with phenylacetic acid and appropriate substituted benzaldehydes. In our mushroom tyrosinase assay, 1c showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity (76.43 ± 3.53%, IC50 = 20.04 ± 1.91 µM) with than the other 2,3-DPA derivatives or kojic acid (21.56 ± 2.93%, IC50 = 30.64 ± 1.27 μM). Our mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory results were supported by our docking study, which showed compound 1c (-7.2 kcal/mole) exhibited stronger binding affinity for mushroom tyrosinase than kojic acid (-5.7 kcal/mole). In B16F10 melanoma cells (a murine cell-line), 1c showed no cytotoxic effect up to a concentration of 25 μM and exhibited greater tyrosinase inhibitory activity (68.83%) than kojic acid (49.39%). In these cells, arbutin (a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor used as the positive control) only inhibited tyrosinase by 42.67% even at a concentration of 400 μM. Furthermore, at 25 µM, 1c reduced melanin contents in B16F10 melanoma cells by 24.3% more than kojic acid (62.77% vs. 38.52%). These results indicate 1c is a promising candidate treatment for pigmentation-related diseases and potential skin whitening agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ullah
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Chaeun Park
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sanggwon Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jungho Yang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jinia Akter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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Ullah S, Park C, Ikram M, Kang D, Lee S, Yang J, Park Y, Yoon S, Chun P, Moon HR. Tyrosinase inhibition and anti-melanin generation effect of cinnamamide analogues. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:43-55. [PMID: 30856375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal melanogenesis results in excessive production of melanin, leading to pigmentation disorders. As a key and rate-limiting enzyme for melanogenesis, tyrosinase has been considered an important target for developing therapeutic agents of pigment disorders. Despite having an (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold, which plays an important role in the potent inhibition of tyrosinase activity, cinnamic acids have not attracted attention as potential tyrosinase inhibitors, due to their low tyrosinase inhibitory activity and relatively high hydrophilicity. Given that cinnamic acids' structure intrinsically features this (E)-scaffold and following our experience that minute changes in the chemical structure can powerfully affect tyrosinase activity, twenty less hydrophilic cinnamamide derivatives were designed as potential tyrosinase inhibitors and synthesised using a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. Four of these cinnmamides (4, 9, 14, and 19) exhibited much stronger mushroom tyrosinase inhibition (over 90% inhibition) at 25 µM compared to kojic acid (20.57% inhibition); crucially, all four have a 2,4-dihydroxy group on the β-phenyl ring of the scaffold. A docking simulation using tyrosinase indicated that the four cinnamamides exceeded the binding affinity of kojic acid, and bound more strongly to the active site of tyrosinase. Based on the strength of their tyrosinase inhibition, these four cinnamamides were further evaluated in B16F10 melanoma cells. All four cinnamamides, without cytotoxicity, exhibited higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity (67.33 - 79.67% inhibition) at 25 μM than kojic acid (38.11% inhibition), with the following increasing inhibitory order: morpholino (9) = cyclopentylamino (14) < cyclohexylamino (19) < N-methylpiperazino (4) cinnamamides. Analysis of tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16F10 cells showed that the four cinnamamides dose-dependently inhibited both cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content and that their inhibitory activity at 25 μM was much better than that of kojic acid. The results of melanin content analysis well matched those of the cellular tyrosinase activity analysis, indicating that tyrosinase inhibition by the four cinnamamides is a major factor in the reduction of melanin production. These results imply that these four cinnamamides with a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group can act as excellent anti-melanogenic agents in the treatment of pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ullah
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Chaeun Park
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sanggwon Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jungho Yang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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Lee Y, Cho JH, Lee S, Lee W, Chang SC, Chung HY, Moon HR, Lee J. Neuroprotective effects of MHY908, a PPAR α/γ dual agonist, in a MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease model. Brain Res 2019; 1704:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bang E, Lee EK, Noh S, Jung HJ, Moon KM, Park MH, Park YJ, Hyun MK, Lee AK, Kim SJ, Yang J, Park Y, Chun P, Moon HR, Chung HY. In vitro and in vivo evidence of tyrosinase inhibitory activity of a synthesized(Z)‐5‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzylidene)‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one (5‐HMT). Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:734-737. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EunJin Bang
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
- College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
- Korea Institute of Toxicology Daejeon Korea
| | - Sang‐Gyun Noh
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Moon
- Korean Medicine (KM)‐Application CenterKorea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) Daegu Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Park
- Pusan National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute Busan Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Park
- College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
| | - Min Kyung Hyun
- College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
| | - A Kyoung Lee
- College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
| | - Su Jeong Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
| | - Jungho Yang
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ResearchInje University Gimhae Gyeongnam Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
- College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
- College of PharmacyPusan National University Busan Korea
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Banna H, Hasan N, Lee J, Kim J, Cao J, Lee EH, Moon HR, Chung HY, Yoo JW. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of MHY908-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for the topical treatment of hyperpigmentation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kim CS, Noh SG, Park Y, Kang D, Chun P, Chung HY, Jung HJ, Moon HR. A Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitor, ( E)-3-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, with Anti-Melanogenesis Properties in α-MSH and IBMX-Induced B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102725. [PMID: 30360412 PMCID: PMC6222382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized eight thiophene chalcone derivatives (1a–h) as tyrosinase inhibitors and evaluated their mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Of these eight compounds, (E)-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (1c) showed strong competitive inhibition activity against mushroom tyrosinase with IC50 values of 0.013 μM for tyrosine hydroxylase and 0.93 μM for dopa oxidase. In addition, we used enzyme kinetics study and docking program to further evaluate the inhibitory mechanism of 1c toward tyrosinase. As an underlying mechanism of 1c mediated anti-melanogenic effect, we investigated the inhibitory activity against melanin contents and cellular tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells. As the results, the enzyme kinetics and docking results supports that 1c highly interacts with tyrosinase residues in the tyrosinase active site and it can directly inhibit tyrosinase as competitive inhibitor. In addition, 1c exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects in melanin contents and intracellular tyrosinase on α-MSH and IBMX-induced B16F10 cells. Overall, our results suggested that 1c might be considered potent tyrosinase inhibitor for use in the development of therapeutic agents for diseases associated with hyperpigment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Korea.
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics and Longevity Science, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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De U, Son JY, Sachan R, Park YJ, Kang D, Yoon K, Lee BM, Kim IS, Moon HR, Kim HS. A New Synthetic Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, MHY2256, Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy Cell Death in Endometrial Cancer Cells via p53 Acetylation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092743. [PMID: 30217020 PMCID: PMC6164480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously discovered a novel sirtuin (SIRT) inhibitor, MHY2256, that exerts anticancer activity through p53 acetylation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We investigated the anticancer activity of MHY2256 against hormone-related cancer, an endometrial cancer with a poor prognosis. The IC50 values of MHY2256 were shown to be much lower than those of salermide, a well-known SIRT inhibitor. Furthermore, MHY2256 significantly reduced the protein expression and activities of SIRT1, 2, and 3, with similar effects to salermide. Particularly, MHY2256 markedly inhibited tumor growth in a tumor xenograft mouse model of Ishikawa cancer cells. During the experimental period, there was no significant change in the body weight of mice treated with MHY2256. A detailed analysis of the sensitization mechanisms of Ishikawa cells revealed that late apoptosis was largely increased by MHY2256. Additionally, MHY2256 increased G1 arrest and reduced the number of cell cyclic-related proteins, suggesting that apoptosis by MHY2256 was achieved by cellular arrest. Particularly, p21 was greatly increased by MHY225656, suggesting that cell cycle arrest by p21 is a major factor in MHY2256 sensitization in Ishikawa cells. We also detected a significant increase in acetylated p53, a target protein of SIRT1, in Ishikawa cells after MHY2256 treatment. In a mouse xenograft model, MHY2256 significantly reduced tumor growth and weight without apparent side effects. These results suggest that MHY2256 exerts its anticancer activity through p53 acetylation in endometrial cancer and can be used for targeting hormone-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umasankar De
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Ji Yeon Son
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Richa Sachan
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Yu Jin Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Kyungsil Yoon
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea.
| | - Byung Mu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil 2, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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Ju Z, Su M, Hong J, Ullah S, La Kim E, Zhao CH, Moon HR, Kim S, Jung JH. Design of PPAR-γ agonist based on algal metabolites and the endogenous ligand 15-deoxy-Δ 12, 14-prostaglandin J 2. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1192-1201. [PMID: 30193217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we synthesized endocyclic enone jasmonate derivatives that function as anti-inflammatory and PPAR-γ-activating entities by using key functional moieties of anti-inflammatory algal metabolites. Herein, we designed additional derivatives containing an exocyclic enone moiety that resembles the key structure of the natural PPAR-γ ligand, 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15 d-PGJ2). The exocyclic enone moiety of 15 d-PGJ2 is essential for covalent bonding with the Cys285 residue in the PPAR-γ ligand-binding domain (LBD). In silico analysis of the designed compounds indicated that they may form hydrogen bonds with key amino acid residues in the PPAR-γ LBD, and thus, secure a position in the bioactive cavity in a similar fashion as does rosiglitazone and 15 d-PGJ2. By a luciferase reporter assay on rat liver Ac2F cells, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for PPAR-γ transcriptional activity. The differential PPAR-γ transcriptional activities of the geometric and enantiomeric isomers of the selected analog were also evaluated; based on our results, the enantiopure compound (+)-(R,E)-6a1 was suggested as a potential PPAR-γ ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiran Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingzhi Su
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyunghee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun La Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hao Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Center for Proteome Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee H Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SJ, Noh TH, Son S, Kim DH, Kim W, Lee Y, Choo J, Heo G, Kim MJ, Chung HY, Jung Y, Jung JH, Moon HR, Im E. Novel β-phenylacrylic acid derivatives exert anti-cancer activity by inducing Src-mediated apoptosis in wild-type KRAS colon cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:877. [PMID: 30158525 PMCID: PMC6115383 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many stress conditions including chemotherapy treatment is known to activate Src and under certain condition Src can induce the apoptotic signal via c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Here we report that the newly synthesized β-phenylacrylic acid derivatives, MHY791 and MHY1036 (MHYs), bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domains and function as EGFR inhibitors, having anti-cancer activities selectively in wild-type KRAS colon cancer. Mechanistically, MHYs-induced Src/JNK activation which enhanced their pro-apoptotic effects and therefore inhibition of Src by the chemical inhibitor PP2 or Src siRNA abolished the response. In addition, MHYs generated reactive oxygen species and increased ER stress, and pretreatment with antioxidant-inhibited MHY-induced ER stress, Src activation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the irreversible EGFR inhibitor PD168393 also activated Src while the reversible EGFR inhibitor gefitinib showed the opposite effect, indicating that MHYs are the irreversible EGFR inhibitor. Collectively, Src can play a key role in apoptosis induced by the novel EGFR inhibitor MHYs, suggesting that activation of Src might prove effective in treating EGFR/wild-type KRAS colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Son
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunna Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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An HJ, Lee B, Kim SM, Kim DH, Chung KW, Ha SG, Park KC, Park YJ, Kim SJ, Yun HY, Chun P, Yu BP, Moon HR, Chung HY. A PPAR Pan Agonist, MHY2013 Alleviates Age-Related Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Promoting Fatty Acid Oxidation and Suppressing Inflammation. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:29-35. [PMID: 29311481 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently observed in obese and aged individuals. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a role in regulating hepatic lipid accumulation, a hallmark of NAFLD development. A PPAR pan agonist, 2-(4-(5,6-methylenedioxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-methylphenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (MHY2013) has been shown to prevent fatty liver formation and insulin resistance in obese mice (db/db) model. However, the beneficial effects of MHY2013 in aged model remain unknown. In this study, we investigated whether MHY2013 alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in aged Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. We confirmed that MHY2013 increased the activities of three PPAR subtypes in HepG2 cells using luciferase assay. When administered orally in aged SD rats, MHY2013 markedly decreased the hepatic triglyceride levels without changes in body weight. Regarding underlying mechanisms, MHY2013 increased the mRNA levels of lipid oxidation-related genes, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), without apparent change in the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, MHY2013 significantly increased systemic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and adiponectin levels and suppressed inflammatory mRNA expression in the liver. In conclusion, MHY2013 alleviated age-related hepatic lipid accumulation, in part by upregulating β-oxidation signaling and suppressing inflammation in the liver. Therefore, MHY2013 is a potential pharmaceutical agent for treating age-related hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin An
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University
| | - Bonggi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University.,Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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Jung HJ, Lee AK, Park YJ, Lee S, Kang D, Jung YS, Chung HY, Moon HR. (2 E,5 E)-2,5-Bis(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone Exerts Anti-Melanogenesis and Anti-Wrinkle Activities in B16F10 Melanoma and Hs27 Fibroblast Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061415. [PMID: 29891820 PMCID: PMC6099591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is the primary cause of extrinsic skin aging, which results in skin hyperpigmentation and wrinkling. In this study, we investigated the whitening effect of (2E,5E)-2,5-bis(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone (BHCP) on B16F10 melanoma and its anti-wrinkle activity on Hs27 fibroblasts cells. BHCP was found to potently inhibit tyrosinase, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of 1.10 µM and 8.18 µM for monophenolase (l-tyrosine) and diphenolase (l-DOPA), and the enzyme kinetics study revealed that BHCP is a competitive-type tyrosinase inhibitor. Furthermore, BHCP significantly inhibited melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity, and downregulated the levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), phosphorylated levels of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein, and tyrosinase in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16F10 melanoma cells. Moreover, BHCP inhibited the phosphorylation of p65 and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-12, and MMP-13) in Hs27 fibroblasts stimulated with UV radiation. Therefore, our results demonstrate that BHCP may be a good candidate for the development of therapeutic agents for diseases associated with hyperpigmentation and wrinkling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - A Kyoung Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Yeo Jin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Sanggwon Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Dongwan Kang
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Young Suk Jung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Kim SJ, Yang J, Lee S, Park C, Kang D, Akter J, Ullah S, Kim YJ, Chun P, Moon HR. The tyrosinase inhibitory effects of isoxazolone derivatives with a (Z)-β-phenyl-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3882-3889. [PMID: 29907470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen (Z)-4-(substituted benzylidene)-3-phenylisoxazol-5(4H)-ones were designed to confirm the geometric effect of the double bond of the β-phenyl-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold on tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Compounds 1a-1m, which all possessed the (Z)-β-phenyl-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold, were synthesized using a tandem reaction consisting of an isoxazolone ring formation and a Knoevenagel condensation, and three starting materials, ethyl benzoylacetate, hydroxylamine and benzaldehydes. Some of the compounds showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase as potent as compounds containing the "(E)"-β-phenyl-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold. Compounds 1c and 1m showed greater inhibitory activity than kojic acid: IC50 = 32.08 ± 2.25 μM for 1c; IC50 = 14.62 ± 1.38 μM for 1m; and IC50 = 37.86 ± 2.21 μM for kojic acid. A kinetic study indicated that 1m inhibited tyrosinase in a competitive manner and that it probably binds to the enzyme's active site. In silico docking simulation supported binding of 1m (-7.6 kcal/mol) to the active site of tyrosinase with stronger affinity than kojic acid (-5.7 kcal/mol). Similar results were obtained using cell-based assays, and in B16F10 cells, compound 1m dose-dependently inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis. These results indicate the anti-melanogenic effect of compound 1m is due to the inhibition of tyrosinase and (Z)-isomer of the β-phenyl-α, β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold can, like its congener the (E)-isomer, act as an excellent scaffold for tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jungho Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sanggwon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jinia Akter
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea.
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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Jung HJ, Lee MJ, Park YJ, Noh SG, Lee AK, Moon KM, Lee EK, Bang EJ, Park YJ, Kim SJ, Yang J, Ullah S, Chun P, Jung YS, Moon HR, Chung HY. A novel synthetic compound, (Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one (MHY773) inhibits mushroom tyrosinase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1-9. [PMID: 29521165 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1445518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As part of continued efforts for the development of new tyrosinase inhibitors, (Z)-5-(substituted benzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one derivatives (1a - 1l) were rationally synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potential in vitro. These compounds were designed and synthesized based on the structural attributes of a β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold template. Among these compounds, (Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one (1e, MHY773) exhibited the greatest tyrosinase inhibition (IC50 = 2.87 μM and 8.06 μM for monophenolase and diphenolase), and outperformed the positive control, kojic acid (IC50 = 15.59 and 31.61 μM). The kinetic and docking studies demonstrated that MHY773 interacted with active site of tyrosinase. Moreover, a melanin quantification assay demonstrated that MHY773 attenuates α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanin contents in B16F10 melanoma cells. Taken together, these data suggest that MHY773 suppressed the melanin production via the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. MHY773 is a promising for the development of effective pharmacological and cosmetic agents for skin-whitening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- a Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Lee
- a Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Park
- a Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
- b College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- a Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
- b College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - A Kyoung Lee
- a Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
- b College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Moon
- a Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- c Analytical Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Bang
- a Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Park
- b College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Kim
- b College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Yang
- b College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- b College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- d College of Pharmacy , Inje University , Gimhae , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- a Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
- b College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- a Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
- b College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- a Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
- b College of Pharmacy , Pusan National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
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Naeem M, Bae J, Oshi MA, Kim MS, Moon HR, Lee BL, Im E, Jung Y, Yoo JW. Colon-targeted delivery of cyclosporine A using dual-functional Eudragit ® FS30D/PLGA nanoparticles ameliorates murine experimental colitis. Int J Nanomedicine 2018. [PMID: 29535519 PMCID: PMC5836652 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s157566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon-targeted oral nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an ideal, safe, and effective therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) owing to their ability to selectively accumulate in inflamed colonic mucosa. Cyclosporine A (CSA), an immunosuppressive agent, has long been used as rescue therapy in severe steroid-refractory UC. In this study, we developed CSA-loaded dual-functional polymeric NPs composed of Eudragit® FS30D as a pH-sensitive polymer for targeted delivery to the inflamed colon, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as a sustained-release polymer. Methods CSA-loaded Eudragit FS30D nanoparticles (ENPs), PLGA nanoparticles (PNPs), and Eudragit FS30D/PLGA nanoparticles (E/PNPs) were prepared using the oil-in-water emulsion method. Scanning electron microscope images and zeta size data showed successful preparation of CSA-loaded NPs. Results PNPs exhibited a burst drug release of >60% at pH 1.2 (stomach pH) in 0.5 h, which can lead to unwanted systemic absorption and side effects. ENPs effectively inhibited the burst drug release at pH 1.2 and 6.8 (proximal small intestine pH); however, nearly 100% of the CSA in ENPs was released rapidly at pH 7.4 (ileum–colon pH) owing to complete NP dissolution. In contrast to single-functional PNPs and ENPs, the dual-functional E/PNPs minimized burst drug release (only 18%) at pH 1.2 and 6.8, and generated a sustained release at pH 7.4 thereafter. Importantly, in distribution studies in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice, E/PNPs significantly improved CSA distribution to the colon compared with PNPs or ENPs. In a mouse model of colitis, E/PNP treatment improved weight loss and colon length, and decreased rectal bleeding, spleen weight, histological scoring, myeloperoxidase activity, macrophage infiltration, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines compared with PNPs or ENPs. Conclusion Overall, this work confirms the benefits of CSA-loaded E/PNPs for efficiently delivering CSA to the colon, suggesting their potential for UC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwan Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Murtada A Oshi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Luel Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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