1
|
Vernemmen I, Van Steenkiste G, Buschmann E, Cornelis K, Schauvliege S, Ibrahim L, Decloedt A, van Loon G. Development of an atrial transseptal puncture procedure in horses to access the left heart: An ultrasound-guided jugular vein and transhepatic approach. Equine Vet J 2024. [PMID: 38522423 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency ablation has been successfully applied to treat right atrial arrhythmias in horses. Ablation of left-sided arrhythmias requires a retrograde transarterial approach which is complicated. In human medicine, the left atrium is accessed through transseptal puncture (TSP) of the fossa ovalis (FO) using a caudal approach via the femoral vein. OBJECTIVES To develop a zero fluoroscopy TSP technique for horses using a jugular vein (cranial) and transhepatic (caudal) approach. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experimental study. METHODS Transseptal puncture was performed in 18 horses admitted for euthanasia and donated for scientific research under general anaesthesia: using a jugular vein approach (10 horses), a transhepatic approach (2 horses) or both (6 horses). Radiofrequency energy was applied on a guidewire to perforate the FO and allow sheath advancement under intracardiac and transthoracic echocardiographic guidance. Puncture lesions were inspected post-mortem. RESULTS Transseptal puncture was successful in 17/18 horses, of which 15/16 jugular vein approaches and 5/8 transhepatic approaches. Failure was due to technical malfunction, inability to advance the guidewire toward the heart and inability to advance the sheath through the FO. Intracardiac echocardiography was essential to safely guide the puncture process. Atrial arrhythmias caused by the TSP occurred in 13/18 horses. Puncture lesions were found in the right atrium in the FO region, and left atrium ventral to pulmonary vein ostium III. MAIN LIMITATIONS Because in several horses two approaches were tested consecutively, it cannot be excluded that the second TSP was performed at the previous puncture site. Due to the developmental nature of the study the approaches were not randomised and did not allow comparison. CONCLUSION Transseptal puncture is feasible in horses using ultrasound guidance and allows for electrophysiological exploration of the left heart. Further studies are needed to evaluate post-operative follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Vernemmen
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Van Steenkiste
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Buschmann
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristoff Cornelis
- Cardiology Department, Maria Middelares Heart Centre, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Decloedt
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gunther van Loon
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibrahim L, Buschmann E, van Loon G, Cornillie P. Morphological evidence of a potential arrhythmogenic substrate in the caudal and cranial vena cava in horses. Equine Vet J 2024. [PMID: 38391272 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping, previously performed in horses with atrial arrhythmias, has demonstrated the medial region of the caudal vena cava (CaVC), 1-8 cm caudal to the fossa ovalis, as an anatomical predilection site for atrial tachycardia associated with areas of slow conduction and conduction block. Slow conduction has also been recorded in the cranial vena cava (CrVC). OBJECTIVES To investigate the morphological characteristics of the myocardial sleeves (MS) in the CaVC and CrVC, in order to identify a potential substrate of right sided atrial arrhythmias. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional. METHODS Post-mortem dissection of 37 hearts from adult warmblood horses without known cardiovascular disease. Macroscopic examination of the myocardial distribution, evaluated the MS area, length, width, and shape in the CaVC and the CrVC. At least 2 samples from each vena cava MS were histologically examined using Masson's trichrome staining. RESULTS Myocardial sleeves into the medial CaVC and into the CrVC were observed in all horses and showed variations in distribution, shape, and size between horses. Their mean ± standard deviation length from the limbus into the CaVC reached 5.7 ± 1.0 cm (maximum 8.3 cm), and from the azygos vein into the CrVC 5.3 ± 1.6 cm (maximum 8.6 cm). Myocardium-free islands were observed in the CaVC and CrVC in 30% and 6% of horses, respectively. Histologically, MS showed a non-uniform myocardial fibre arrangement, with presence of fibroadipose tissue, features known to result in slow conduction and pro-arrhythmia. MAIN LIMITATIONS Study only included horses without history of atrial arrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial sleeves are present in both CaVC and CrVC, showing anatomical variations between horses. Tissue characteristics known to favour re-entry were identified indicating that these venae cavae MS are a potential substrate for atrial tachyarrhythmias and a target for treatment by ablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Buschmann
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gunther van Loon
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buschmann E, Van Steenkiste G, Duytschaever M, Boussy T, Vernemmen I, Ibrahim L, Schauvliege S, Decloedt A, van Loon G. Successful caudal vena cava and pulmonary vein isolation in healthy horses using 3D electro-anatomical mapping and a contact force-guided ablation system. Equine Vet J 2023. [PMID: 38151793 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, treatment of equine atrial tachycardia by three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping (3D EAM) and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has been described. Myocardial sleeves in the caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins are a potential trigger for initiation and perpetuation of atrial tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in the horse. Isolation of these myocardial sleeves by RFCA may be an effective treatment for these arrhythmias. OBJECTIVES To describe the feasibility of 3D EAM and RFCA to isolate caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins in adult horses using 3D mapping and a contact force (CF)-guided ablation system. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experiments. METHODS 3D EAM and RFCA was performed in five horses without cardiovascular disease under general anaesthesia, using the CF-guided system CARTO®3. Point-by-point RFCA aimed for isolation of caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins. Radiofrequency energy was delivered in power-controlled mode with a target power of 45 W, CF between 10 and 15 g and 30 mL/min irrigation rate, until an ablation-index of 450-500 was reached. RESULTS In the right atrium, myocardial sleeves of the caudal vena cava were isolated (n = 5). In the left atrium, isolation of ostium II (n = 3), ostium III (n = 1) and ostium I, II and III en bloc (n = 1) was performed. Successful isolation was confirmed by entrance and exit block. MAIN LIMITATIONS Horses were euthanised at the end of the procedure, so long term effects such as potential reconnection of isolated veins could not be studied. CONCLUSIONS This is the first description of 3D EAM and RFCA with CARTO®3 in horses, thereby showing the technical feasibility and successful caudal vena cava and pulmonary vein isolation. CF measurement allowed monitoring of catheter-tissue contact, resulting in efficient acute lesion creation as confirmed by entrance and exit block. This is a promising treatment for cardiac arrhythmias in horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Buschmann
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Glenn Van Steenkiste
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Tim Boussy
- Department of Cardiology, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Vernemmen
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annelies Decloedt
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gunther van Loon
- Equine Cardioteam Ghent, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ibrahim L, Stanton C, Nutsch K, Nguyen T, Li-Ma C, Ko Y, Lander GC, Wiseman RL, Bollong MJ. Succinylation of a KEAP1 sensor lysine promotes NRF2 activation. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1295-1302.e4. [PMID: 37619563 PMCID: PMC10592117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cross talk between metabolism and stress-responsive signaling is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. This cross talk is often achieved through covalent modification of proteins by endogenous, reactive metabolites that regulate key stress-responsive transcription factors like NRF2. Metabolites including methylglyoxal, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, fumarate, and itaconate covalently modify sensor cysteines of the NRF2 repressor KEAP1, resulting in stabilization of NRF2 and activation of its cytoprotective transcriptional program. Here, we employed a shRNA-based screen targeting the enzymes of central carbon metabolism to identify additional regulatory nodes bridging metabolism to NRF2 activation. Succinic anhydride, increased by genetic depletion of the TCA cycle enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase or by direct administration, results in N-succinylation of lysine 131 of KEAP1 to activate NRF2 signaling. This study identifies KEAP1 as capable of sensing reactive metabolites not only by several cysteine residues but also by a conserved lysine residue, indicating its potential to sense an expanded repertoire of reactive metabolic messengers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caroline Stanton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA; Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kayla Nutsch
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chloris Li-Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yeonjin Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel C Lander
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Michael J Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ko Y, Hong M, Lee S, Kumar M, Ibrahim L, Nutsch K, Stanton C, Sondermann P, Sandoval B, Bulos ML, Iaconelli J, Chatterjee AK, Wiseman RL, Schultz PG, Bollong MJ. S-lactoyl modification of KEAP1 by a reactive glycolytic metabolite activates NRF2 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300763120. [PMID: 37155889 PMCID: PMC10193962 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300763120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein), a cytoplasmic repressor of the oxidative stress responsive transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), senses the presence of electrophilic agents by modification of its sensor cysteine residues. In addition to xenobiotics, several reactive metabolites have been shown to covalently modify key cysteines on KEAP1, although the full repertoire of these molecules and their respective modifications remain undefined. Here, we report the discovery of sAKZ692, a small molecule identified by high-throughput screening that stimulates NRF2 transcriptional activity in cells by inhibiting the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase. sAKZ692 treatment promotes the buildup of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a metabolite which leads to S-lactate modification of cysteine sensor residues of KEAP1, resulting in NRF2-dependent transcription. This work identifies a posttranslational modification of cysteine derived from a reactive central carbon metabolite and helps further define the complex relationship between metabolism and the oxidative stress-sensing machinery of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjin Ko
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Seungbeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Calibr, A Division of Scripps Research, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Kayla Nutsch
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Caroline Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Phillip Sondermann
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Braddock Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Maya L. Bulos
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | | | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Peter G. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
- Calibr, A Division of Scripps Research, San Diego, CA92037
| | - Michael J. Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ibrahim L, Stanton C, Nutsch K, Nguyen T, Li-Ma C, Ko Y, Lander GC, Wiseman RL, Bollong MJ. Succinylation of a KEAP1 sensor lysine promotes NRF2 activation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.08.539908. [PMID: 37215033 PMCID: PMC10197519 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.539908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk between metabolism and stress-responsive signaling is essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis. One way this crosstalk is achieved is through the covalent modification of proteins by endogenous, reactive metabolites that regulate the activity of key stress-responsive transcription factors such as NRF2. Several metabolites including methylglyoxal, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, fumarate, and itaconate covalently modify sensor cysteines of the NRF2 regulatory protein KEAP1, resulting in stabilization of NRF2 and activation of its cytoprotective transcriptional program. Here, we employed a shRNA-based screen targeting the enzymes of central carbon metabolism to identify additional regulatory nodes bridging metabolic pathways to NRF2 activation. We found that succinic anhydride, increased by genetic depletion of the TCA cycle enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase or by direct administration, results in N-succinylation of lysine 131 of KEAP1 to activate NRF2 transcriptional signaling. This study identifies KEAP1 as capable of sensing reactive metabolites not only by several cysteine residues but also by a conserved lysine residue, indicating its potential to sense an expanded repertoire of reactive metabolic messengers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Caroline Stanton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kayla Nutsch
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Thu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Chloris Li-Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Yeonjin Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Gabriel C. Lander
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jo J, Kim J, Ibrahim L, Kumar M, Iaconelli J, So Tran C, Ryong Moon H, Jung Y, Luke Wiseman R, Lairson LL, Chatterjee AK, Bollong MJ, Yun H. Optimization of 3-aminotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxides with improved potency and efficacy as non-electrophilic antioxidant response element (ARE) activators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 89:129306. [PMID: 37116763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Activating NRF2-driven transcription with non-electrophilic small molecules represents an attractive strategy to therapeutically target disease states associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we describe a campaign to optimize the potency and efficacy of a previously identified bis-sulfone based non-electrophilic ARE activator 2. This work identifies the efficacious analog 17, a compound with a non-cytotoxic profile in IMR32 cells, as well as ARE activators 18 and 22, analogs with improved cellular potency. In silico drug-likeness prediction suggested the optimized bis-sulfones 17, 18, and 22 will likely be of pharmacological utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyun Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Manoj Kumar
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Cong So Tran
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Arnab K Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael J Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Casario K, Howard K, Cordoza M, Hermosillo E, Ibrahim L, Larson O, Nasrini J, Basner M. Acceptability of the Cognition Test Battery in Astronaut and Astronaut-Surrogate Populations. Acta Astronaut 2022; 190:14-23. [PMID: 34803193 PMCID: PMC8601114 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained high levels of astronaut cognitive performance are a prerequisite for mission success. A neuropsychological battery of 10 brief cognitive tests (Cognition) covering a range of cognitive domains was specifically developed for high performing astronauts to objectively assess cognitive performance. Extended mission durations require repeated cognitive testing and thus high acceptability of the Cognition software to the astronaut population. The aim of this qualitative study was to evaluate acceptability of Cognition to astronauts and astronaut surrogate populations. METHODS Cognition was administered repeatedly to N=87 subjects (mean age ±SD 35.1 ±8.7 years, 52.8% male) on a laptop or iPad across five individual studies on the International Space Station or in space analog environments on Earth. Following completion of each study, participants were interviewed regarding their experience using Cognition in a semi-structured debrief. Participant comments were analyzed using a qualitative conventional content analysis approach. RESULTS The majority of participants' comments (86.1%) were coded as positive or neutral in valence, with most positive comments relating to software usability, engagement, and overall design. Among the 10 Cognition tests, subjects liked the Visual Object Learning Test most (28 likes, 32.2% of participants), while the Emotion Recognition Test was liked least (44 dislikes, 50.6% of participants). Some subjects (36.8%) were frustrated with the level of difficulty of some of the 10 Cognition tests, especially during early administrations, which was by design to avoid ceiling effects in repeated administrations of high-performers. Technical difficulties were rare (20.7% of participants), and most often observed in environments with restricted internet access. Most participants (82.3% of those who commented) liked the feedback provided by Cognition after each test, which includes a graph showing performance history. CONCLUSION Cognition was found to be acceptable to astronaut and astronaut-surrogate populations across a variety of settings and mission durations. Participant feedback provided was used to further improve Cognition and increase its acceptability during sustained space missions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Casario
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Howard
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Cordoza
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E Hermosillo
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - L Ibrahim
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - O Larson
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J Nasrini
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shalhout SZ, Yang PY, Grzelak EM, Nutsch K, Shao S, Zambaldo C, Iaconelli J, Ibrahim L, Stanton C, Chadwick SR, Chen E, DeRan M, Li S, Hull M, Wu X, Chatterjee AK, Shen W, Camargo FD, Schultz PG, Bollong MJ. YAP-dependent proliferation by a small molecule targeting annexin A2. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:767-775. [PMID: 33723431 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) orchestrates a proproliferative transcriptional program that controls the fate of somatic stem cells and the regenerative responses of certain tissues. As such, agents that activate YAP may hold therapeutic potential in disease states exacerbated by insufficient proliferative repair. Here we report the discovery of a small molecule, termed PY-60, which robustly activates YAP transcriptional activity in vitro and promotes YAP-dependent expansion of epidermal keratinocytes in mouse following topical drug administration. Chemical proteomics revealed the relevant target of PY-60 to be annexin A2 (ANXA2), a protein that directly associates with YAP at the cell membrane in response to increased cell density. PY-60 treatment liberates ANXA2 from the membrane, ultimately promoting a phosphatase-bound, nonphosphorylated and transcriptionally active form of YAP. This work reveals ANXA2 as a previously undescribed, druggable component of the Hippo pathway and suggests a mechanistic rationale to promote regenerative repair in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Z Shalhout
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peng-Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edyta M Grzelak
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kayla Nutsch
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sida Shao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudio Zambaldo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stormi R Chadwick
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily Chen
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael DeRan
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sijia Li
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Hull
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Weijun Shen
- Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Calibr, a division of Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Michael J Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jo J, Ibrahim L, Iaconelli J, Kwak J, Kumar M, Jung Y, Lairson LL, Chatterjee AK, Schultz PG, Bollong MJ, Yun H. Discovery and SAR studies of 3-amino-4-(phenylsulfonyl)tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxides as non-electrophilic antioxidant response element (ARE) activators. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104614. [PMID: 33508678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NRF2 controls resistance to oxidative insult and is thus a key therapeutic target for treating a number of disease states associated with oxidative stress and aging. We previously reported CBR-470-1, a bis-sulfone which activates NRF2 by increasing the levels of methylglyoxal, a metabolite that covalently modifies NRF2 repressor KEAP1. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and structure activity relationship of a series of bis-sulfones derived from this unexplored chemical template. We identify analogs with sub-micromolar potencies, 7f and 7g, as well as establish that efficacious NRF2 activation can be achieved by non-toxic analogs 7c, 7e, and 9, a key limitation with CBR-470-1. Further efforts to identify non-covalent NRF2 activators of this kind will likely provide new insight into revealing the role of central metabolism in cellular signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyun Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550, North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Jonathan Iaconelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550, North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Jinsook Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Manoj Kumar
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550, North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Arnab K Chatterjee
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550, North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 North Torrey Pines Road, Suite 100, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Michael J Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550, North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550, North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ibrahim L, Mesgarzadeh J, Xu I, Powers ET, Wiseman RL, Bollong MJ. Defining the Functional Targets of Cap'n'collar Transcription Factors NRF1, NRF2, and NRF3. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1025. [PMID: 33096892 PMCID: PMC7588902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The NRF transcription factors NRF1, NRF2, and NRF3, are a subset of Cap'n'collar transcriptional regulators which modulate the expression of genes harboring antioxidant-response element (ARE) sequences within their genomic loci. Despite the emerging physiological importance of NRF family members, the repertoire of their genetic targets remains incompletely defined. Here we use RNA-sequencing-based transcriptional profiling and quantitative proteomics to delineate the overlapping and differential genetic programs effected by the three NRF transcription factors. We then create consensus target gene sets regulated by NRF1, NRF2, and NRF3 and define the integrity of these gene sets for probing NRF activity in mammalian cell culture and human tissues. Together, our data provide a quantitative assessment of how NRF family members sculpt proteomes and transcriptomes, providing a framework to understand the critical physiological importance of NRF transcription factors and to establish pharmacologic approaches for therapeutically activating these transcriptional programs in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.I.); (J.M.); (I.X.); (R.L.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Jaleh Mesgarzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.I.); (J.M.); (I.X.); (R.L.W.)
| | - Ian Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.I.); (J.M.); (I.X.); (R.L.W.)
| | - Evan T. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.I.); (J.M.); (I.X.); (R.L.W.)
| | - Michael J. Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Samsuddin S, Arumugam PA, Md Amin MS, Yahya A, Musa N, Lim LL, Paramasivam SS, Ratnasingam J, Ibrahim L, Chooi KC, Tan A, Tan PC, Omar SZ, Samingan N, Ahmad Kamar A, Anuar Zaini A, Jalaluddin MY, Vethakkan SR. Maternal lipids are associated with newborn adiposity, independent of GDM status, obesity and insulin resistance: a prospective observational cohort study. BJOG 2019; 127:490-499. [PMID: 31778255 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between maternal lipaemia and neonatal anthropometrics in Malaysian mother-offspring pairs. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING Single tertiary multidisciplinary antenatal clinic in Malaysia. POPULATION A total of 507 mothers: 145 with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); 94 who were obese with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (pre-gravid body mass index, BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 ), and 268 who were not obese with NGT. METHODS Maternal demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected during an interview/examination using a structured questionnaire. Blood was drawn for insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride (Tg), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) during the 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) screening, and again at 36 weeks of gestation. At birth, neonatal anthropometrics were assessed and data such as gestational weight gain (GWG) were extracted from the records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Macrosomia, large-for-gestational-age (LGA) status, cohort-specific birthweight (BW), neonatal fat mass (NFM), and sum of skinfold thickness (SSFT) > 90th centile. RESULTS Fasting Tg > 95th centile (3.6 mmol/L) at screening for OGTT was independently associated with LGA (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 10.82, 95% CI 1.26-93.37) after adjustment for maternal glucose, pre-gravid BMI, and insulin sensitivity. Fasting glucose was independently associated with a birthweight ratio (BWR) of >90th centile (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.17-3.64), but not with LGA status, in this well-treated GDM cohort with pre-delivery HbA1c of 5.27%. In all, 45% of mothers had a pre-gravid BMI of <23 kg/m2 and 61% had a pre-gravid BMI of ≤ 25 kg/m2 , yet a GWG of >10 kg was associated with a 4.25-fold risk (95% CI 1.71-10.53) of BWR > 90th centile. CONCLUSION Maternal lipaemia and GWG at a low threshold (>10 kg) adversely impact neonatal adiposity in Asian offspring, independent of glucose, insulin resistance and pre-gravid BMI. These may therefore be important modifiable metabolic targets in pregnancy. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Maternal lipids are associated with adiposity in Asian babies independently of pre-gravid BMI, GDM status, and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Samsuddin
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P A Arumugam
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md S Md Amin
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Yahya
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Musa
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L-L Lim
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S S Paramasivam
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Ratnasingam
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - L Ibrahim
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K C Chooi
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Atb Tan
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P C Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Z Omar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Samingan
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Ahmad Kamar
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Anuar Zaini
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Y Jalaluddin
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S R Vethakkan
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tan K, Mon M, Balkani D, AbuBakar A, Baharudin N, Ibrahim L, Paramasivam S, Ratnasingam R, Vethakkan S, Tan A, Chee K. Prevalence of Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes without Prior Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Iaconelli J, Ibrahim L, Chen E, Hull M, Schultz PG, Bollong MJ. Small-Molecule Stimulators of NRF1 Transcriptional Activity. Chembiochem 2019; 21:1816-1819. [PMID: 31596542 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NRF1) maintains proteostasis and promotes cellular resilience by stimulating the transcription of proteasomal subunits and a host of protective enzymes. Although NRF1 activation would likely be beneficial in a number of disease states, information regarding its ligandability and upstream regulation are lacking. Herein we report a high-throughput chemical screen that identified selective stimulators of NRF1-driven transcription, including unannotated inhibitors of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) as well as two non-UPS-targeted compounds that synergistically activate NRF1 in the context of submaximal UPS inhibition. This work introduces a suite of tool molecules to study the NRF1 transcriptional response and to uncover the druggable components governing NRF1 activity in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Iaconelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lara Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Emily Chen
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Hull
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael J Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Paramasivam SS, Chinna K, Singh AKK, Ratnasingam J, Ibrahim L, Lim LL, Tan ATB, Chan SP, Tan PC, Omar SZ, Bilous RW, Vethakkan SR. Continuous glucose monitoring results in lower HbA 1c in Malaysian women with insulin-treated gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1118-1129. [PMID: 29663517 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if therapeutic, retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves HbA1c with less hypoglycaemia in women with insulin-treated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This prospective, randomized controlled, open-label trial evaluated 50 women with insulin-treated GDM randomized to either retrospective CGM (6-day sensor) at 28, 32 and 36 weeks' gestation (Group 1, CGM, n = 25) or usual antenatal care without CGM (Group 2, control, n = 25). All women performed seven-point capillary blood glucose (CBG) profiles at least 3 days per week and recorded hypoglycaemic events (symptomatic and asymptomatic CBG < 3.5 mmol/l; non-fasting < 4.0 mmol/l). HbA1c was measured at 28, 33 and 37 weeks. In Group 1, both CGM and CBG data were used to manage diabetes, whereas mothers in Group 2 were managed based on CBG data alone. RESULTS Baseline characteristics (age, pre-pregnancy BMI, HbA1c , total insulin dose) were similar between groups. There was a lower increase in HbA1c from 28 to 37 weeks' gestation in the CGM group [∆HbA1c : CGM + 1 mmol/mol (0.09%), control + 3mmol/mol (0.30%); P = 0.024]. Mean HbA1c remained unchanged throughout the trial in the CGM group, but increased significantly in controls as pregnancy advanced. Mean HbA1c in the CGM group was lower at 37 weeks compared with controls [33 ± 4 mmol/mol (5.2 ± 0.4%) vs. 38 ± 7 mmol/mol (5.6 ± 0.6%), P < 0.006]. Some 92% of the CGM group achieved an HbA1c ≤ 39 mmol/mol (≤ 5.8%) at 37 weeks compared with 68% of the control group (P = 0.012). Neither group experienced severe hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSION CGM use may be beneficial in insulin-treated GDM because it improves HbA1c compared with usual antenatal care without increasing severe hypoglycaemia. (Clinical Trials Registry No.: NCT02204657).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Paramasivam
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
| | - K Chinna
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
| | - A K K Singh
- Department of Medicine, Serdang Hospital, Selangor
| | - J Ratnasingam
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
| | - L Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
| | - L L Lim
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
| | - A T B Tan
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
| | - S P Chan
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
| | - P C Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
| | - S Z Omar
- Department of Medicine, Serdang Hospital, Selangor
| | - R W Bilous
- Newcastle University Malaysia (NUMed), Johor, Malaysia
| | - S R Vethakkan
- Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lim LL, Shah FZM, Ibrahim L, Paramasivam SS, Ratnasingam J, Chan SP, Tan ATB, Vethakkan SR. Hypopituitarism in a Dengue Shock Syndrome Survivor without known Pituitary Adenoma. Trop Biomed 2016; 33:746-752. [PMID: 33579071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dengue infection is endemic in South East Asia and parts of the Americas. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is characterized by vascular permeability, coagulation-disorders and thrombocytopenia, which can culminate in hypotension i.e. dengue shock syndrome. Hypopituitarism arising as a complication of dengue is extremely rare. Hemorrhagic pituitary apoplexy of pre-existing pituitary adenomas has been rarely reported in dengue. We describe an uncommon case of hypopituitarism in a dengue shock syndrome survivor without known pituitary adenoma. A 49 years old nulliparous lady (from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) presented with typical symptoms of hypocortisolism. Postural hypotension was evident with normal secondary sexual characteristics. Further history revealed that she survived an episode of dengue shock syndrome 6 years ago where premature menopause developed immediately after discharge, and subsequently insidious onset of multiple hormonal deficiencies indicative of panhypopituitarism. There were no neuro-ophthalmological symptoms suggestive of pituitary apoplexy during hospitalization for severe dengue. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary 6 years later revealed an empty sella. Autoimmune screen and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were negative. We describe a rare possible causative association of severe dengue with panhypopituitarism without known pituitary adenoma, postulating pituitary infarction secondary to hypotension (mimicking Sheehan's syndrome), or a direct viral cytopathic effect. Subclinical pituitary apoplexy secondary to asymptomatic pituitary hemorrhage however cannot be excluded. Future research is required to determine the need for and timing of pituitary axis assessment among dengue shock syndrome survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Lim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - F Z M Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Technology of MARA, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - L Ibrahim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S S Paramasivam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Ratnasingam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S P Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A T B Tan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S R Vethakkan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Malaya, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ratnasingam J, Karim N, Paramasivam SS, Ibrahim L, Lim LL, Tan ATB, Vethakkan SR, Jalaludin A, Chan SP. Hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction amongst nasopharyngeal cancer survivors. Pituitary 2015; 18:448-55. [PMID: 25134488 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-014-0593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation fields for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) include the base of skull, which places the hypothalamus and pituitary at risk of damage. We aimed to establish the prevalence, pattern and severity of hypothalamic pituitary (HP) dysfunction amongst NPC survivors. METHODS We studied 50 patients (31 males) with mean age 57 ± 12.2 years who had treatment for NPC between 3 and 21 years (median 8 years) without pre-existing HP disorder from other causes. All patients had a baseline cortisol, fT4, TSH, LH, FSH, oestradiol/testosterone, prolactin and renal function. All patients underwent dynamic testing with insulin tolerance test to assess the somatotroph and corticotroph axes. Baseline blood measurements were used to assess thyrotroph, gonadotroph and lactotroph function. RESULTS Hypopituitarism was present in 82% of patients, 30% single axis, 28% two axes, 18% three axes and 6% four axes deficiencies. Somatotroph deficiency was most common (78%) while corticotroph, gonadotroph and thyrotroph deficiencies were noted in 40% (4 complete/16 partial), 22 and 4% of the patients respectively. Hyperprolactinaemia was present in 30% of patients. The development of HP dysfunction was significantly associated with the time elapsed from irradiation, OR 2.5 (1.2, 5.3), p = 0.02, for every 2 years post treatment. The use of concurrent chemo-irradiation (CCRT) compared to those who had radiotherapy alone was also significantly associated with HP dysfunction, OR 14.5 (2.4, 87.7), p < 0.01. CONCLUSION Despite low awareness and detection rates, HP dysfunction post-NPC irradiation is common. Use of CCRT may augment time related pituitary damage. As these endocrinopathies result in significant morbidity and mortality we recommend periodic assessment of pituitary function amongst NPC survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ratnasingam
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
El Samanoudy A, Monir R, Badawy A, Ibrahim L, Farag K, El Baz S, Alenizi D, Alenezy A. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene polymorphism in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with hepatitis B and C viruses. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:8025-34. [PMID: 25299117 DOI: 10.4238/2014.september.29.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide. In Egypt, the incidence of HCC has doubled over the last decade. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a key role in cancer invasion and metastasis by degrading the extracellular matrix and basement membrane barriers. A cytosine (C)/thymidine (T) single nucleotide polymorphism at position -1562 in the MMP-9 promoter is reported to influence the expression of the MMP-9 gene. The association between MMP-9 gene polymorphisms and HCC patients with hepatitis C and B viruses (HCV and HBV) was examined in 91 patients with HCC and viral hepatitis (55 HCV and 36 HBV). The results were compared with those of 42 HCC patients without viral hepatitis and 60 healthy individuals with no liver infection. Polymorphisms of the MMP-9 gene were investigated by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The serum MMP-9 level was quantitatively determined using a human MMP-9 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which showed that homozygosity of the MMP-9 promoter (TT) was more frequent in patients with HCC and chronic HCV or HBV infection when compared with the control group (49.1, 52.8, and 35.7%, respectively). In addition, we observed significant elevation of serum MMP-9 levels in all HCC groups compared to controls. It was concluded that patients with the MMP-9 TT genotype are at risk of developing HCC and HBV or HCV. People with significantly elevated serum levels of MMP-9 are at risk of developing HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A El Samanoudy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mansoura University, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - R Monir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mansoura University, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A Badawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mansoura University, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - L Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - K Farag
- Department of Oncology, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - S El Baz
- Department of Tropical Medicine, International Medical Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - D Alenizi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudia Arabia
| | - A Alenezy
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudia Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ibrahim L, Preuss TG, Schaeffer A, Hommen U. A contribution to the identification of representative vulnerable fish species for pesticide risk assessment in Europe—A comparison of population resilience using matrix models. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Shu’aibu I, Tennu PD, Fatima UM, Ibrahim L, Muhammad MU. Incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis associated with Candida albicans among pregnant women attending Gombe State Specialist Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/bajopas.v6i2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
Jachiet M, Lanternier F, Ibrahim L, Puel A, Bagot M, Rybojad M, Bouaziz JD. Déficit autosomique récessif en CARD9 et maladie dermatophytique : discussion autour du premier cas égyptien. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2013.09.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Ibrahim L, Preuss TG, Ratte HT, Hommen U. A list of fish species that are potentially exposed to pesticides in edge-of-field water bodies in the European Union--a first step towards identifying vulnerable representatives for risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 20:2679-87. [PMID: 23325056 PMCID: PMC3608876 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Surrogate species are used in standard toxicity tests for the environmental risk assessment of chemicals. Test results are then extrapolated to the situation in the field, which is often associated with a large degree of uncertainty. Since a vulnerable species in the field is not only characterised by its intrinsic sensitivity to a stressor but also by its potential for exposure and its population resilience, the identification of focal species based on these three components of vulnerability is needed for a more ecologically relevant risk assessment. This study listed European fish species that are susceptible to pesticide exposure in the field and thus achieved the first step towards identifying focal species for the risk assessment of pesticides for fish in Europe. A step-wise filtering approach was applied to list freshwater fish species that are native to Europe and widespread in the European Union, which inhabit streams, ditches or ponds in agricultural landscapes and therefore, are at an elevated risk of being exposed to pesticides. Out of the 579 fish species occurring in European freshwater, 27 species met the filtering criteria. The resulting list was verified based on monitoring studies that were conducted in agricultural landscapes over the past 20 years. Focal fish species that can be used for a more ecologically relevant environmental risk assessment of pesticides in Europe can be identified from the produced list of species by further assessing their ecological (life history and dispersal characteristics) and intrinsic sensitivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ibrahim
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ratnasingam J, Tan ATB, Vethakkan SR, Paramasivam SS, Ibrahim L, Lim LL, Choong K. Primary hyperparathyroidism: a rare cause of genu valgus in adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:869-70. [PMID: 23337722 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ratnasingam
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ibrahim L, Proe MF, Cameron AD. Interactive effects of nitrogen and water availabilities on gas exchange and whole-plant carbon allocation in poplar. Tree Physiol 1998; 18:481-487. [PMID: 12651359 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/18.7.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cuttings of balsam spire hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa var. Hastata Henry x Populus balsamifera var. Michauxii (Dode) Farwell) were grown in sand culture and irrigated every 2 (W) or 10 (w) days with a solution containing either 3.0 (N) or 0.5 (n) mol nitrogen m(-3) for 90 days. Trees in the WN (control) and wn treatments had stable leaf nitrogen concentrations averaging 19.4 and 8.4 mg g(-1), respectively, over the course of the experiment. Trees in the Wn and wN treatments had a similar leaf nitrogen concentration, which increased from 12.0 to 15.8 mg g(-1) during the experiment. By the final harvest, mean stomatal conductances of trees in the wN and wn treatments were less than those of trees in the Wn and WN treatments (1.8 versus 4.6 mm s(-1)). Compared to the WN treatment, biomass at the final harvest was reduced by 61, 72 and 75% in the Wn, wN and wn treatments, respectively. At the final harvest, WN trees had a mean total leaf area of 4750 +/- 380 cm(2) tree(-1) and carried 164 +/- 8 leaves tree(-1) with a specific leaf area of 181 +/- 16 cm(2) g(-1), whereas Wn trees had a smaller mean total leaf area (1310 +/- 30 cm(2) tree(-1)), because of the production of fewer leaves (41 +/- 6) with a smaller specific leaf area (154 +/- 2 cm(2) g(-1)). A greater proportion of biomass was allocated to roots in Wn trees than in WN trees, but component nitrogen concentrations adjusted such that there was no Wn treatment effect on nitrogen allocation. Compared with WN trees, rates of photosynthesis and respiration per unit weight of tissue of Wn trees decreased by 28 and 31%, respectively, but the rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf nitrogen remained unaltered. The wN and Wn trees had similar leaf nitrogen concentrations; however, compared with the Wn treatment, the wN treatment decreased mean total leaf area (750 +/- 50 cm(2) tree(-1)), number of leaves per tree (29 +/- 2) and specific leaf area (140 +/- 6 cm(2) g(-1)), but increased the allocation of biomass and nitrogen to roots. Net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf nitrogen was 45% lower in the wN treatment than in the other treatments. Rates of net photosynthesis and respiration per unit weight of tissue were 48 and 33% less, respectively, in wN trees than in Wn trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Ibrahim
- Plants Division, Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, U.K
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ibrahim L, Dominguez M, Yacoub M. Primary human adult lung epithelial cells in vitro: response to interferon-gamma and cytomegalovirus. Immunology 1993; 79:119-24. [PMID: 8099565 PMCID: PMC1422047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary human adult lung epithelial cells (ALEC) were established in culture using the most distal parts of the lung to avoid the airways. Immunocytochemical peroxidase staining and semiquantitative flow cytometry were used to characterize the cells in conjunction with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The cells showed a constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens, patchy expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and a weak patchy expression of MHC class II antigens (detected using immunocytochemical staining). Incubation of the primary ALEC with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (250 U/ml) stimulated an up-regulation of the expression of these three antigens to varying degrees; expression of MHC class I antigens and ICAM-1 molecules showed an up-regulation at 10 hr after the start of the treatment, reaching a peak at 48 hr, maintaining it for the next 24 hr and then, steadily and progressively, losing it towards the end of the experiment at 96 hr. Expression of HLA-DR showed an up-regulation at 17 hr after the start of the treatment, reaching a peak at 72 hr and maintaining it for the next 24 hr. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of ALEC in culture caused an up-regulation of expression of class I antigens and ICAM-1, but not DR. However, when the infected cells were incubated with IFN-gamma, an up-regulation in the expression of DR took place. Therefore, within the micro-environment of the transplanted lung the presence of cytokines (IFN-gamma) produced by infiltrating activated mononuclear cells, may render the lung epithelial cells capable of acting as antigen-presenting cells, expressing high levels of class I antigens, ICAM-1 and class II antigens, activating CD8 and CD4 cells thus playing a major part in the process of rejection of the lung allograft; themselves becoming a primary target in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ibrahim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, U.K
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lewis GE, Miller LH, Ibrahim L, Wong PW, McGinniss M, Ooi WL. Duffy phenotypes in Malaysian populations: correction of previous unusual findings. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1988; 82:509-10. [PMID: 3068862 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(88)90180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Duffy phenotypes were determined for 314 Malaysian Orang Asli. The most common gene, Fya, was present in 313; there were no Duffy negative individuals. A previous study found evidence of Plasmodium vivax infection in 5 of 7 Orang Asli reported to be of the Duffy negative genotype. In this study, 5 of the 7 previously tested Orang Asli were retested in triplicate, and each of the 5 was found to be Duffy positive, having the Fya gene and a phenotype of Fy (a + b-).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Lewis
- United States Army Medical Research Unit-Malaysia, Institute for Medical Research
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Vibrissae of normal mice were measured for six cycles starting at birth. Groups of immature male albino mice were castrated at 21 days of age when E, F, G and H (Danforth nomenclature, 1925) vibrissae were in their first cycle of growth. Levels of testosterone in their peripheral plasma were reduced to about one tenth of the normal. The final length achieved by their vibrissae in all subsequent cycles was shorter than that of normal mice. Another group of immature male mice were treated with implants of testosterone propionate to give plasma levels of approximately five to ten times normal. Their vibrissae showed a significant increase in final length in all growth cycles before and after sexual maturation. Vibrissae of adult male mice treated with excess testosterone showed a significant increase in final length at the end of the growth cycle immediately after commencement of treatment. On the other hand, vibrissae of castrated adult mice showed a significant decrease in final length in the second successive cycle after castration. The rate of growth of all vibrissae remained unchanged. Changes in their final length were brought about by changes in the period of growth. Castrated mice had a slightly longer resting period.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ibrahim L, Wright EA. A quantitative study of hair growth using mouse and rat vibrissal follicles. I. Dermal papilla volume determines hair volume. J Embryol Exp Morphol 1982; 72:209-24. [PMID: 7183740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
29
|
Abstract
Single mouse vibrissae were plucked repeatedly at the same time of the cycle (10--15 days after eruption) for ten successive cycles from eight individual follicles. After three pluckings the first grey whisker appeared, after six pluckings all were grey. Two follicles stopped producing whiskers after seven pluckings and another two after the 8th. Henceforth only 50% of the follicles continued producing whiskers until the end of the experiment. All the follicles which ceased to produce whiskers had a keratogenous cyst occupying most of the follicle in direct contact with the dermal papilla. In all cases the isolated dermal papilla was condensed and rounded in shape. Both loss of pigment and cyst formation could be due to the mechanical damage in the follicle caused by repeated plucking.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Mouse vibrissae have been plucked at precise times throughout the hair cycle and the time of appearance of the new hair noted for each individual follicle. It was found that plucking a vibrissa at any time during the cycle resulted in the induction of a new hair and in no case did the follicle continue the same cycle. All the vibrissae grew at the normal rate of 1.0 mm/day for most of the growing period and whenever plucked during this period a new hair appeared after 8--11 days. When the growth rate fell to 0.6--0.7mm/day at the end of the growing period plucking resulted in the appearance of a new hair after 7 days. When the growth rate fell to 0.1--0.3 mm/day a new hair appeared 5 days after plucking, thus the time of normal eruption was not altered. When whiskers were 10--15 mm long and about half way through the active growth phase their follicles were surgically transected at one of three different levels: (1) just above the dermal papilla which left all or most of the differentiating matrix cells, (2) mid-follicle and (3) at the level of the sebacaous gland. In each case the distal part of the hair was then plucked. In five out of ten cases when the cut was made just above the dermal papilla a new hair erupted after a variable time 10--15 days. In all other cases the existing hair cycle was completed after a delay of a few days. This emphasizes the importance of the differentiated matrix cells in the maintenance of the hair cycle.
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Ibrahim L, Wright EA. The growth of rats and mice vibrissae under normal and some abnormal conditions. J Embryol Exp Morphol 1975; 33:831-44. [PMID: 1176877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The growth of hair from the mystacial vibrissal follicles of C3H mice and Wistar rats has been measured for up to seven cycles. Normally growth in length and thickness was regular and little affected by age or sex. Plucking vibrissae at any stage during the growing period was followed by the appearance of a new vibrissa 8-11 days later. Plucking when growth had ceased had no effect on the time of appearance of the subsequent cycle. New whiskers emerging after plucking grew at the normal rate. Withholding food slowed the growth of vibrissae within 1 day. Normal growth was re-established 3 days after return to full diet.
Collapse
|