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Yuan Z, Fan G, Wu H, Liu C, Zhan Y, Qiu Y, Shou C, Gao F, Zhang J, Yin P, Xu K. Photodynamic therapy synergizes with PD-L1 checkpoint blockade for immunotherapy of CRC by multifunctional nanoparticles. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2931-2948. [PMID: 34023507 PMCID: PMC8530932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, have been shown to be extraordinarily effective, but their durable response rate remains low, especially in colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent studies have shown that photodynamic therapy (PDT) could effectively enhance PD-L1 blockade therapeutic effects, although the reason is still unclear. Here, we report the use of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with photosensitized mTHPC (mTHPC@VeC/T-RGD NPs)-mediated PDT treatment to potentiate the anti-tumor efficacy of PD-L1 blockade for CRC treatment and investigate the underlying mechanisms of PDT enhancing PD-L1 blockade therapeutic effect in this combination therapy. In this study, the mTHPC@VeC/T-RGD NPs under the 660-nm near infrared (NIR) laser could kill tumor cells by inducing apoptosis and/or necrosis and stimulating systemic immune response, which could be further promoted by the PD-L1 blockade to inhibit primary and distant tumor growth, as well as building long-term host immunological memory to prevent tumor recurrence. Furthermore, we detected that mTHPC@VeC/T-RGD NP-mediated PDT sensitizes tumors to PD-L1 blockade therapy mainly because PDT-mediated hypoxia could induce the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway that upregulates PD-L1 expression in CRC. Taken together, our work demonstrates that mTHPC@VeC/T-RGD NP-mediated PDT is a promising strategy that may potentiate the response rate of anti-PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeting Yuan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicinel, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Guohua Fan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicinel, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Honglei Wu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicinel, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chaolian Liu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicinel, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueping Zhan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicinel, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yanyan Qiu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicinel, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chenting Shou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3005 Wahl Hall East, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Peihao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicinel, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicinel, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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52
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Zou Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Yan X. Interferon-induced protein 16 expression in colorectal cancer and its correlation with proliferation and immune signature markers. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:687. [PMID: 34434286 PMCID: PMC8335744 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced protein 16 (IFI16) is important for innate immune recognition of foreign/damaged DNA. Abnormal IFI16 expression is closely related to the occurrence of multiple malignant tumours, but its expression pattern in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigated IFI16 expression and association with cell proliferation in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. A multiplex immunofluorescence panel of antibodies against IFI16, Ki-67 and phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 was applied to assess a tissue microarray (TMA). The TMA included 77 CRC samples and 74 normal adjacent tissue samples which were collected from The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunming, China) (3 paracancerous tissues were lost because of repeated cutting). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) abundance and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cancer tissues. The present study demonstrated that IFI16 localized to the nucleus of CRC cells. Although IFI16 was weakly expressed in normal mucosal epithelial cells, absent to strong expression was detectable in different patients with CRC. Typically, IFI16 was not co-localized with Ki-67 within CRC cells. The multiplex immunofluorescence data demonstrated that the proportion of IFI16-/Ki-67+ cells from CRC tissues was 57.13%; however, that of IFI16+/Ki-67+ cells was 1.50%. The IFI16-/Ki-67+ phenotype was significantly positively associated with the tumor-node-metastasis stage and was marginally significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. p-ERK1/2 protein was primarily localized to the cytoplasm and cell membrane of CRC cells and sometimes to the nucleus. Although, IFI16 demonstrated a strong correlation with p-ERK1/2, IFI16 did not co-localize with p-ERK1/2 and the proportion of IFI16 and p-ERK1/2 double-negative CRC cells was 84.95%. IFI16 expression displayed no significant association with CD8+ TILs or PD-L1. However, a strong positive correlation between CD8+ TILs and PD-L1 was observed. High CD8+ TIL infiltration in CRC tissue was associated with lower lymph node metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis stage. In summary, the results of the present study provided a novel insight for the role of IFI16 in CRC occurrence via the regulation of cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlian Zou
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Yunnan Blood Disease Clinical Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Yan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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53
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Deng D, Luo X, Zhang S, Xu Z. Immune cell infiltration-associated signature in colon cancer and its prognostic implications. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19696-19709. [PMID: 34349038 PMCID: PMC8386549 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immune cell infiltration (ICI) has been reported in various studies to be correlated with tumor diagnosis, clinical treatment sensitivity and prognosis. It is an important direction to study the characteristics of immune cell infiltration and develop new prognostic markers to improve the treatment of colon cancer. In this paper, we systematically analyzed the ICI characteristics and obtained three ICI clusters. Then, the ICI scores were constructed and its prognostic implications were discussed. From the results, the ICI score patterns were linked to a great survival difference (p<0.001). A high ICI score was characterized by a higher fraction of plasma cells, CD8+ T cells, memory resting CD4+ T cells, monocytes, eosinophils and dendritic cells, which had better prognosis. Macrophages and neutrophils were increased in low ICI score patients with decreased overall survival. Immune checkpoint molecules (PDCD1, CD274, LAG3, IDO1, CTLA-4, TIGHT and HAVCR2) were found to be significantly overexpressed in the low ICI score subgroup. In addition, we also studied the correlation between the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and ICI score. This study indicated the ICI score could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for colon cancer patients’ immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou 412007, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Sifang Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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54
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Liu Z, Lu T, Li J, Wang L, Xu K, Dang Q, Liu L, Guo C, Jiao D, Sun Z, Han X. Clinical Significance and Inflammatory Landscape of aNovel Recurrence-Associated Immune Signature in Stage II/III Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702594. [PMID: 34394098 PMCID: PMC8358813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A considerable number of patients with stage II/III colorectal cancer (CRC) will relapse within 5 years after surgery, which is a leading cause of death in early-stage CRC. The current TNM stage system is limited due to the heterogeneous clinical outcomes displayed in patients of same stage. Therefore, searching for a novel tool to identify patients at high recurrence-risk for improving post-operative individual management is an urgent need. Methods Using four independent public cohorts and qRT-PCR data from 66 tissues, we developed and validated a recurrence-associated immune signature (RAIS) based on global immune genes. The clinical and molecular features, tumor immune microenvironment landscape, and immune checkpoints profiles of RAIS were also investigated. Results In five independent cohorts, this novel scoring system was proven to be an independent recurrent factor and displayed excellent discrimination and calibration in predicting the recurrence-risk at 1~5 years. Further analysis revealed that the high-risk group displayed high mutation rate of TP53, while the low-risk group had more abundance of activated CD4+/CD8+ T cells and high expression of PD-1/PD-L1. Conclusions The RAIS model is highly predictive of recurrence in patients with stage II/III CRC, which might serve as a powerful tool to further optimize decision-making in adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as tailor surveillance protocol for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Taoyuan Lu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaihao Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dechao Jiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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55
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The Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Colorectal Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9136583. [PMID: 34349805 PMCID: PMC8328693 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9136583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with nonobvious early symptoms and late symptoms of anemia, weight loss, and other systemic symptoms. Its morbidity and fatality rate are next only to gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and primary liver cancer among digestive malignancies. In addition to the conventional surgical intervention, other therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy and new treatment methods such as biologics and microbiological products have been introduced. As a promising cell therapy, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has attracted extensive research attention. MSCs are early undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells, which have the common features of stem cells, including self-replication, self-division, self-renewal, and multidirectional differentiation. MSCs come from a wide range of sources and can be extracted from a variety of tissues such as the bone marrow, umbilical cord, and fat. Current studies have shown that MSCs have a variety of biological functions such as immune regulation, tissue damage repair, and therapeutic effects on tumors such as CRC. This review outlines the overview of MSCs and CRC and summarizes the role of MSC application in CRC.
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56
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Pei Q, Yi X, Chen C, Pang P, Fu Y, Lei G, Chen C, Tan F, Gong G, Li Q, Zai H, Chen BT. Pre-treatment CT-based radiomics nomogram for predicting microsatellite instability status in colorectal cancer. Eur Radiol 2021; 32:714-724. [PMID: 34258636 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stratification of microsatellite instability (MSI) status in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) improves clinical decision-making for cancer treatment. The present study aimed to develop a radiomics nomogram to predict the pre-treatment MSI status in patients with CRC. METHODS A total of 762 patients with CRC confirmed by surgical pathology and MSI status determined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method were retrospectively recruited between January 2013 and May 2019. Radiomics features were extracted from routine pre-treatment abdominal pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans acquired as part of the patients' clinical care. A radiomics nomogram was constructed using multivariate logistic regression. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using discrimination, calibration, and decision curves. RESULTS The radiomics nomogram incorporating radiomics signatures, tumor location, patient age, high-density lipoprotein expression, and platelet counts showed good discrimination between patients with non-MSI-H and MSI-H, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 [95% CI, 0.68-0.80] in the training cohort and 0.77 [95% CI, 0.68-0.85] in the validation cohort. Favorable clinical application was observed using decision curve analysis. The addition of pathological characteristics to the nomogram failed to show incremental prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS We developed a radiomics nomogram incorporating radiomics signatures and clinical indicators, which could potentially be used to facilitate the individualized prediction of MSI status in patients with CRC. KEY POINTS • There is an unmet need to non-invasively determine MSI status prior to treatment. However, the traditional radiological evaluation of CT is limited for evaluating MSI status. • Our non-invasive CT imaging-based radiomics method could efficiently distinguish patients with high MSI disease from those with low MSI disease. • Our radiomics approach demonstrated promising diagnostic efficiency for MSI status, similar to the commonly used IHC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, 331 Hospital of Zhuzhou City, Zhuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Pang
- GE Healthcare, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwu Lei
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengbo Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Gong
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyan Zai
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bihong T Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Xue W, Wang Y, Xie Y, Yang C, Gong Z, Guan C, Wei C, Zhu C, Niu Z. miRNA-Based Signature Associated With Tumor Mutational Burden in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:634841. [PMID: 34262855 PMCID: PMC8274454 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.634841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) has become an independent biomarker for predicting the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). miRNAs play an important role in cancer-related immune regulation. However, the relationship between miRNA expression and TMB in COAD remains unclear. Therefore, the transcriptome profiling data, clinical data, mutation annotation data, and miRNA expression profiles for cases of COAD were downloaded from the TCGA database. Subsequently, 323 COAD cases were randomly divided into training and test sets. The differential expression of miRNAs in the high and low TMB groups in the training set was obtained as a signature using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and verified in the test set. Based on the LASSO method, principal component analysis (PCA), and ROC, we found that the signature was credible because it can discriminate between high and low TMB levels. In addition, the correlation between the 18-miRNA-based signature and immune checkpoints was performed, followed by qRT-PCR, to measure the relative expression of 18 miRNAs in COAD patients. The miRNA-based model had a strong positive correlation with TMB and a weak positive correlation with CTLA4 and CD274 (PD-L1). However, no correlation was observed between the model and SNCA (PD-1). Finally, enrichment analysis of the 18 miRNAs was performed to explore their biological functions. The results demonstrated that 18 miRNAs were involved in the process of immunity and cancer pathways. In conclusion, the 18-miRNA-based signature can effectively predict and discriminate between the different TMB levels of COAD and provide a guide for its treatment with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yixiu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiqi Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunyang Guan
- Interventional Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuqing Wei
- Shandong University Affiliated Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Chengzhan Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaojian Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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58
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He Y, Wang L, Li X, Zhang T, Song T, Zhang J, Yu Y, Chen S, Song H. Rectosigmoid-Junction Squamous Cell Carcinoma With pMMR/MSS Achieved a Partial Response Following PD-1 Blockade Combined With Chemotherapy: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2021; 11:596342. [PMID: 34113555 PMCID: PMC8185331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.596342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is extremely rare and associated with a poor prognosis. And the pMMR/MSS colorectal cancer is related to a limited response to programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1) blockade monotherapy. However, the clinical activity of PD-1 blockade monotherapy or combination therapy in colorectal SCC is unknown. One patient with rectosigmoid-junction SCC was treated with PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy. After 3 months of PD-1 blockade and chemotherapy, the computed tomography imaging showed that this patient achieved a partial response. The next generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the patient had tumors with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) and microsatellite stability (MSS), strong PD-L1 expression, and tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-High), respectively. This case suggests that PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy might be an effective therapy for colorectal SCC with pMMR/MSS status. Moreover, the PD-L1 expression and TMB might be the potential predictors of PD-1 blockade response for colorectal SCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin He
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lunqing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tongsong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Haiping Song
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Qingdao Tumor Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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59
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Ni W, Mo H, Liu Y, Xu Y, Qin C, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li Y, Zhou A, Yao S, Zhou R, Huo J, Che L, Li J. Targeting cholesterol biosynthesis promotes anti-tumor immunity by inhibiting long noncoding RNA SNHG29-mediated YAP activation. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2995-3010. [PMID: 33992804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor immunity through checkpoint inhibitors, specifically anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) interaction, is a promising approach for cancer therapy. However, as early clinical trials indicate that colorectal cancers (CRCs) do not respond well to immune-checkpoint therapies, new effective immunotherapy approaches to CRC warrant further study. Simvastatin is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway for the cholesterol biosynthesis. However, little is known about the functions of simvastatin in the regulation of immune checkpoints or long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated immunoregulation in cancer. Here, we found that simvastatin inhibited PD-L1 expression and promoted anti-tumor immunity via suppressing the expression of lncRNA SNHG29. Interestingly, SNHG29 interacted with YAP and inhibited phosphorylation and ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation of YAP, thereby facilitating downregulation of PD-L1 transcriptionally. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models and the clinicopathological analysis in samples from CRC patients further supported the role of the lncRNA SNHG29-mediated PD-L1 signaling axis in tumor microenvironment reprogramming. Collectively, our study uncovers simvastatin as a potential therapeutic drug for immunotherapy in CRC, which suppresses lncRNA SNHG29-mediated YAP activation and promotes anti-tumor immunity by inhibiting PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ni
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hui Mo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yunxia Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Aijun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Su Yao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianping Huo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Liheng Che
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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60
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Roshani Asl E, Rasmi Y, Baradaran B. MicroRNA-124-3p suppresses PD-L1 expression and inhibits tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cells via modulating STAT3 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7071-7087. [PMID: 33821473 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a significant role in colorectal tumorigenesis through induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppression of antitumor immunity. Furthermore, microRNAs (miRNAs) as the posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression show considerable promise as a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Considering this, in vitro effects of miRNA-124 (miR-124-3p) on CRC cell tumorigenesis and Tregs differentiation via targeting PD-L1 were investigated in the current study. Functional analysis showed that miR-124 is significantly downregulated in CRC tissues as compared with marginal normal samples (p < .0001), and its downregulation was negatively correlated with PD-L1 expression. Moreover, a specific region in PD-L1 3'-untranslated region was predicted as the miR-124 target and validated using the luciferase assay. Further investigation showed that transfection of HT29 and SW480 cells with miR-124 mimics significantly reduced PD-L1 mRNA, protein, and cell surface expression, and inhibited Tregs in coculture models via modulating interleukin [IL]-10, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor beta, and interferon gamma expression levels. Besides, miR-124 overexpression decreased CRC cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase through downregulation of c-Myc and induced apoptosis in CRC cells via upregulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Also, miR-124 exogenous overexpression could reduce colony and spheroid formation ability of CRC cells via downregulating CD44 mRNA expression. miR-124 also diminished MMP-9 expression and subsequently suppressed cell migration and invasion. We also illustrated that STAT3 signaling was repressed by miR-124 in CRC cells. Taken together, our findings imply that considering the involvement of miR-124 in the regulation of PD-L1 through colorectal tumorigenesis and its remarkable antitumor effects, this miRNA could be regarded as the promising target for the development of therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Crosstalk between miRNAs and signaling pathways involved in pancreatic cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174006. [PMID: 33711308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with 5-year survival rates below 8%. Most patients with PC and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) die after relapse and cancer progression as well as resistance to treatment. Pancreatic tumors contain a high desmoplastic stroma that forms a rigid mass and has a potential role in tumor growth and metastasis. PC initiates from intraepithelial neoplasia lesions leading to invasive cancer through various pathways. These lesions harbor particular changes in signaling pathways involved in the tumorigenesis process. These events affect both the epithelial cells, including the tumor and the surrounding stroma, and eventually lead to the formation of complex signaling networks. Genetic studies of PC have revealed common molecular features such as the presence of mutations in KRAS gene in more than 90% of patients, as well as the inactivation or deletion mutations of some tumor suppressor genes including TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4. In recent years, studies have also identified different roles of microRNAs in PC pathogenesis as well as their importance in PC diagnosis and treatment, and their involvement in various signaling pathways. In this study, we discussed the most common pathways involved in PC and PDAC as well as their role in tumorigenesis and progression. Furthermore, the miRNAs participating in the regulation of these signaling pathways in PC progression are summarized in this study. Therefore, understanding more about pathways involved in PC can help with the development of new and effective therapies in the future.
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62
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Tian Y, Li L, Lin G, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhao Q, Hu Y, Yong H, Wan Y, Zhang Y. lncRNA SNHG14 promotes oncogenesis and immune evasion in diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma by sequestering miR-152-3p. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:1574-1584. [PMID: 33682607 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1876866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Tian
- Department of Hematology, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Lianqiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- Department of Hematology, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, China
| | - Youdong Hu
- Department of Hematology, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, China
| | - Hongmei Yong
- Department of Hematology, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Department of Hematology, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, China
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63
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Cui G. The Mechanisms Leading to Distinct Responses to PD-1/PD-L1 Blockades in Colorectal Cancers With Different MSI Statuses. Front Oncol 2021; 11:573547. [PMID: 33763344 PMCID: PMC7982849 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.573547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current clinical studies showed distinct therapeutic outcomes, in which CRC patients with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) seem to be relatively more "sensitive" in response to anti-programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1)/programmed death-1 receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy than those with mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR)/microsatellite instability-low (MSI-L). The mechanisms by which the same PD-1/PD-L1 blockades lead to two distinct therapeutic responses in CRC patients with different MSI statuses remain poorly understood and become a topic of great interest in both basic research and clinical practice. In this review of the potential mechanisms for the distinct response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockades between dMMR/MSI-H CRCs and pMMR/MSI-L CRCs, relevant references were electronically searched and collected from databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google scholar. Sixty-eight articles with full text and 10 articles by reference-cross search were included for final analysis after eligibility selection according to the guidelines of PRISMA. Analysis revealed that multiple factors e.g. tumor mutation burden, immune cell densities and types in the tumor microenvironment, expression levels of PD-1/PD-L1 and cytokines are potential determinants of such distinct response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockades in CRC patients with different MSI statuses which might help clinicians to select candidates for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and improve therapeutic response in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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64
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Liu L, Yu T, Jin Y, Mai W, Zhou J, Zhao C. MicroRNA-15a Carried by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits the Immune Evasion of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating the KDM4B/HOXC4/PD-L1 Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629893. [PMID: 33732698 PMCID: PMC7959841 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of microRNA-15a (miR-15a) to autoimmunity has been reported. Herein, we intended to probe the potential roles of miR-15a shuttled by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (adMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (Evs) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Initially, CRC cells were treated with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) to screen out differentially expressed genes by transcriptome sequencing. Following a 24-h co-culture with 20 μM adMSCs-derived Evs, CRC cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed. After the determination of histone lysine demethylase 4B (KDM4B) as our target, its regulatory miRNA was predicted by the bioinformatics websites and verified by dual-luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. Intriguingly, KDM4B downregulated homeobox C4 (HOXC4) expression, while HOXC4 bound to the promoter sequence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Thus, we conducted rescue experiments to study the role of KDM4B and HOXC4. Finally, we evaluated the effects of adMSCs on CRC cell growth and immune evasion through in vivo tumorigenesis experiments. AdMSCs-derived Evs overexpressing miR-15a repressed proliferation, migration, and invasion, while it promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells via downregulation of KDM4B. These in vivo findings were reproduced in vitro on CRC immune evasion. Collectively, adMSCs-derived Evs overexpressing miR-15a restricted the immune evasion of CRC via the KDM4B/HOXC4/PD-L1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Jin
- Harbin Maternal and Child Health Care and Family Planning Service Center, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Mai
- Department of Orthopedics, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chunbo Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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65
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Shadbad MA, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Derakhshani A, Silvestris N, Baghbanzadeh A, Racanelli V, Baradaran B. From Melanoma Development to RNA-Modified Dendritic Cell Vaccines: Highlighting the Lessons From the Past. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623639. [PMID: 33692796 PMCID: PMC7937699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma remains the deadliest skin cancer, the current treatment has not resulted in the desired outcomes. Unlike chemotherapy, immunotherapy has provided more tolerable approaches and revolutionized cancer therapy. Although dendritic cell-based vaccines have minor side effects, the undesirable response rates of traditional approaches have posed questions about their clinical translation. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment can be the underlying reason for their low response rates. Immune checkpoints and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase have been implicated in the induction of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Growing evidence indicates that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PKB) (PI3K/AKT) pathways, as the main oncogenic pathways of melanoma, can upregulate the tumoral immune checkpoints, like programmed death-ligand 1. This study briefly represents the main oncogenic pathways of melanoma and highlights the cross-talk between these oncogenic pathways with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, tumoral immune checkpoints, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Moreover, this study sheds light on a novel tumor antigen on melanoma, which has substantial roles in tumoral immune checkpoints expression, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase secretion, and stimulating the oncogenic pathways. Finally, this review collects the lessons from the previous unsuccessful trials and integrates their lessons with new approaches in RNA-modified dendritic cell vaccines. Unlike traditional approaches, the advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing techniques and RNA-modified dendritic cell vaccines along with combined therapy of the immune checkpoint inhibitors, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor, and RNA-modified dendritic cell-based vaccine can overcome these auto-inductive loops and pave the way for developing robust dendritic cell-based vaccines with the most favorable response rate and the least side effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/adverse effects
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Cancer Vaccines/adverse effects
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Proteins/metabolism
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma/therapy
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/adverse effects
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/immunology
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
- Tumor Escape
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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66
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Hasanpour Segherlou Z, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Noroozi Guilandehi S, Baghbanzadeh A, Zand R, Baradaran B, Zarei M. GDF-15: Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in glioblastoma multiforme. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5564-5581. [PMID: 33580506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest primary malignant brain tumor and has a remarkably weak prognosis. According to the aggressive form of GBM, understanding the accurate molecular mechanism associated with GBM pathogenesis is essential. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) belongs to transforming growth factor-β superfamily with important roles to control biological processes. It affects cancer growth and progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. It also can promote stemness in many cancers, and also can stress reactions control, bone generation, hematopoietic growth, adipose tissue performance, and body growth, and contributes to cardiovascular disorders. The role GDF-15 to develop and progress cancer is complicated and remains unclear. GDF-15 possesses tumor suppressor properties, as well as an oncogenic effect. GDF-15 antitumorigenic and protumorigenic impacts on tumor development are linked to the cancer type and stage. However, the GDF-15 signaling and mechanism have not yet been completely identified because of no recognized cognate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Zand
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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67
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Fibroblast Subsets in Intestinal Homeostasis, Carcinogenesis, Tumor Progression, and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020183. [PMID: 33430285 PMCID: PMC7825703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer often develops via the adenoma–carcinoma sequence, a process which is accompanied by (epi) genetic alterations in epithelial cells and gradual phenotypic changes in fibroblast populations. Recent studies have made it clear that these fibroblast populations which, in the context of invasive cancers are termed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), play an important role in intestinal tumor progression. This review provides an overview on the emerging role of fibroblasts in various stages of colorectal cancer development, ranging from adenoma initiation to metastatic spread of tumor cells. As fibroblasts show considerable heterogeneity in subsets and phenotypes during cancer development, a better functional understanding of stage-specific (alterations in) fibroblast/CAF populations is key to increase the effectiveness of fibroblast-based prognosticators and therapies. Abstract In intestinal homeostasis, continuous renewal of the epithelium is crucial to withstand the plethora of stimuli which can damage the structural integrity of the intestines. Fibroblasts contribute to this renewal by facilitating epithelial cell differentiation as well as providing the structural framework in which epithelial cells can regenerate. Upon dysregulation of intestinal homeostasis, (pre-) malignant neoplasms develop, a process which is accompanied by (epi) genetic alterations in epithelial cells as well as phenotypic changes in fibroblast populations. In the context of invasive carcinomas, these fibroblast populations are termed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs are the most abundant cell type in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and consist of various functionally heterogeneous subsets which can promote or restrain cancer progression. Although most previous research has focused on the biology of epithelial cells, accumulating evidence shows that certain fibroblast subsets can also importantly contribute to tumor initiation and progression, thereby possibly providing avenues for improvement of clinical care for CRC patients. In this review, we summarized the current literature on the emerging role of fibroblasts in various stages of CRC development, ranging from adenoma initiation to the metastatic spread of cancer cells. In addition, we highlighted translational and therapeutic perspectives of fibroblasts in the different stages of intestinal tumor progression.
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68
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Amini M, Hejazi M, Ghorban K, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. Identification of functional methylated CpG loci in PD-L1 promoter as the novel epigenetic biomarkers for primary gastric cancer. Gene 2020; 772:145376. [PMID: 33359128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is considered one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide due to poor prognosis. Aberrant methylation has been demonstrated to be involved in PD-L1 dysregulated expression in human cancers and possesses a great value as a diagnostic biomarker. Given that, in this study, we investigated the methylation status of PD-L1 as a promising biomarker in primary gastric tumors and identified functional CpG loci undergoing aberrant methylation through tumorigenesis of GC. PD-L1 methylation was initially evaluated in-silico using TCGA-STAD dataset. Pearson's correlation analysis was further employed to identify the most significant functional methylated CpG loci of PD-L1 gene in TCGA-STAD patient cohort. Methylation status and its correlation with PD-L1 expression were also validated using q-MSP and qRT-PCR in a set of internal samples, including 25 paired primary gastric tumors and adjacent normal tissues. The obtained results from TCGA-STAD showed that PD-L1 is significantly hypermethylated through gastric tumorigenesis, mostly in two CpG loci overlapping with cg19724470 and cg15837913 probes. Besides, PD-L1 DNA methylation was negatively correlated with PD-L1 expression in tumor samples. Furthermore, hypermethylation of cg19724470 and cg15837913 regions was validated in primary gastric tumors compared to adjacent normal samples. Also, ROC curve analysis illustrated the high diagnostic value of PD-L1 methylation for early detection of GC (AUC = 0.8110). In conclusion, the findings of this study suggested that PD-L1 expression is regulated by methylation in functional CpG loci and its methylation could be considered as a valuable diagnostic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hejazi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khodayar Ghorban
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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69
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Zhu GX, Gao D, Shao ZZ, Chen L, Ding WJ, Yu QF. Wnt/β‑catenin signaling: Causes and treatment targets of drug resistance in colorectal cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:105. [PMID: 33300082 PMCID: PMC7723170 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor in humans. Chemotherapy is used for the treatment of CRC. However, the effect of chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory due to drug resistance. Growing evidence has shown that the presence of highly metastatic tumor stem cells, regulation of non-coding RNAs and the tumor microenvironment contributes to drug resistance mechanisms in CRC. Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates the chemoresistance of CRC in these three aspects. Therefore, the present study analyzed the abundant evidence of the contribution of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to the development of drug resistance in CRC and discussed its possible role in improving the chemosensitivity of CRC, which may provide guidelines for its clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Xian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dian Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Zhao Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Fang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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70
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Bakhrebah MA, Nasrullah M, Abdulaal WH, Hassan MA, Siddiqui H, Al Doghaither H, Omar UM, Helmi N, Fallatah MM, Al-Ghafari AB, Khan MI, Choudhry H. High Expression of Pd-1 in Circulating Cells of Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820969446. [PMID: 33153413 PMCID: PMC7658510 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820969446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all cancer types, colorectal cancer is the third most common in men and the second most common in women globally. Generally, the risk of colorectal cancer increases with age, and colorectal cancer is modulated by various genetic alterations. Alterations in the immune response serve a significant role in the development of colorectal cancer. In primary cancer types, immune cells express a variety of inhibitory molecules that dampen the immune response against tumor cells. Additionally, few reports have demonstrated that classical chemotherapy promotes the immunosuppressive microenvironment in both tissues and immune cells. This study assessed the expression levels of genes using RT-qPCR associated with the immune system, including interferon-γ, programmed death-1, β2-microglobulin, human leukocyte antigen-A, CD3e, CD28 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1, in patients with colorectal cancer, as these genes are known to serve important roles in immune regulation during cancer incidence. Gene expression analysis was performed with the whole blood cells of patients with colorectal cancer and healthy volunteers. Compared with the normal controls, programmed death-1was highly expressed in patients with advanced-stage colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the expression of programmed death-1 was higher in patients receiving adjuvant therapy, which suggests the therapy dampened the immune response against tumor cells. The results of the present study indicate that classical adjuvant therapies, which are currently used for patients with colorectal cancer, should be modulated, and a combination of classical therapy with anti-programmed death-1 antibody should be conducted for improved management of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed A Bakhrebah
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, 83527King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nasrullah
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, 2495King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, 37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 3158University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - Wesam H Abdulaal
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, 2495King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, 37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Hassan
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, 2495King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, 37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen
| | - Halima Siddiqui
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, 2495King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, 37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al Doghaither
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, 2495King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulfat M Omar
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, 2495King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Helmi
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, 37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad M Fallatah
- Life Science and Environment Research Institute, 83527King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat B Al-Ghafari
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, 2495King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, 37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, 2495King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, 37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, 2495King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, 37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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71
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Immune Checkpoints and CAR-T Cells: The Pioneers in Future Cancer Therapies? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218305. [PMID: 33167514 PMCID: PMC7663909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the ever-increasing number of cancer patients pose substantial challenges worldwide, finding a treatment with the highest response rate and the lowest number of side effects is still undergoing research. Compared to chemotherapy, the relatively low side effects of cancer immunotherapy have provided ample opportunity for immunotherapy to become a promising approach for patients with malignancy. However, the clinical translation of immune-based therapies requires robust anti-tumoral immune responses. Immune checkpoints have substantial roles in the induction of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tolerance against tumor antigens. Identifying and targeting these inhibitory axes, which can be established between tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, can facilitate the development of anti-tumoral immune responses. Bispecific T-cell engagers, which can attract lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironment, have also paved the road for immunological-based tumor elimination. The development of CAR-T cells and their gene editing have brought ample opportunity to recognize tumor antigens, independent from immune checkpoints and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Indeed, there have been remarkable advances in developing various CAR-T cells to target tumoral cells. Knockout of immune checkpoints via gene editing in CAR-T cells might be designated for a breakthrough for patients with malignancy. In the midst of this fast progress in cancer immunotherapies, there is a need to provide up-to-date information regarding immune checkpoints, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells. Therefore, this review aims to provide recent findings of immune checkpoints, bispecific T-cell engagers, and CAR-T cells in cancer immunotherapy and discuss the pertained clinical trials.
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72
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Pourzardosht N, Hashemi ZS, Mard-Soltani M, Jahangiri A, Rahbar MR, Zakeri A, Mirzajani E, Khalili S. Liothyronine could block the programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) activity: an e-Pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening study. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 42:34-42. [PMID: 33100099 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1839765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The interaction between PD-L1 on tumor cells and the programmed death 1 (PD1) on immune cells helps them to escape the immune system elimination. Therefore, developing therapeutic agents to block this interaction has garnered a lot of attention as a therapeutic approach. In the present study, we have tried to screen for an inhibitory compound to inhibit the interaction between the PD1/PD-L1 molecules. METHODS In this regard, the structure of PD-L1 and its inhibitor were prepared and employed to generate an e-Pharmacophore model. A library of approved compounds was prepared and toxicity analysis using Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) predictor was performed. The built e-Pharmacophore model was validated and used to screen the prepared compound library. Ligand docking and binding energy calculation were performed on the screened ligands. RESULTS A seven-feature e-Pharmacophore model was generated using the PD-L1 complex. All of the compounds within the library passed the ADMET criteria. Performing the virtual screening, only 79 compounds have survived the criteria to fit four pharmacophoric features. The compound with the highest binding energy was the liothyronine (T3). CONCLUSION The ability of T3 in PD1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade along with its potential in T4 reduction could be a desirable combination in cancer treatment. These abilities of T3 could be used to restore the ability of the immune system to eliminate tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Pourzardosht
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Biochemistry Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maysam Mard-Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Jahangiri
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Zakeri
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Biochemistry Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
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73
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Abstract
PD-1 and CTLA-4 are checkpoint inhibitors of the immune response in cancer, making them the target molecules for the development of therapeutic antibodies. US2019161548 patent describes a bispecific antibody capable of specifically binding to PD-1 and CTLA-4 that induced the proliferation and activation of CD8+ cells, as well as the expression of induclble co-stimulator in CD4+ T cells. Clinical trials to evaluate safety, dose-limiting toxicities and maximum tolerated/administered dose are still in the patient recruitment phase, but it will be of great interest to the scientific and medical community to know if the first bispecific anti-PD-1/CLTA-4 antibody, exceeds expectations and exceeds action of the combination of nivolumab and epilimumab in the treatment of cancer.
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74
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Murakawa T. Past, present, and future perspectives of pulmonary metastasectomy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Surg Today 2020; 51:204-211. [PMID: 32857252 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-02119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over a half-century has passed since Thomford et al. proposed the selection criteria for pulmonary metastasectomy, and several prognostic factors have been identified. Although screening modalities and operations have changed dramatically, the important concepts of the selection criteria remain unchanged. Recent improvements in the survival outcomes of colorectal cancer patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy may be the result of strict adherence to the selection criteria for oligometastatic lung tumors, which can mimic local disease. Pulmonary metastasectomy has become an important option for selected patients with oligometastasis, based mainly on a large amount of retrospective data, but its effect on survival remains unclear. Curable pulmonary metastasis might be regarded as a "semi-local disease" under the spontaneous control of an acquired alteration in host immune status. The current practice of pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer focuses on selecting the most appropriate operation for selected patients. However, in the rapidly evolving era of immunotherapy, treatment-naïve patients for whom surgery is not suitable might be pre-conditioned by immunotherapy so that they may be considered for salvage surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Murakawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
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75
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Villa-Ruano N, Guerrero-González T, Gómez-Conde E, Perez-Santos M. Bispecific anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies for advanced solid tumors: a patent evaluation of US2019010232. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:723-727. [PMID: 32787475 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1810238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PD-L1 and PD-1 are two immune checkpoints and their presence in various types of tumors is related to a poor prognosis; this makes them highly relevant targets in the development of new therapies. Patent US2019010232 describes bispecific anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies made with Azymetric technology. AREAS COVERED Three bispecific antibodies that target PD-L1/PD-1 are described in US2019010232 patent and are proposed to play a relevant role in the treatment of cancer. EXPERT OPINION Three bispecific antibodies that target PD-L1/PD-1 in US2019010232 demonstrated anti-tumor activity in lung cancer. However, no evidence is shown of the action of the antibodies against other cancers. An advantage of the bispecific antibodies of US2019010232 over combinatorial therapy is a greater decrease in tumor volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemesio Villa-Ruano
- Innovation and Knowledge Transfer Department, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla , Puebla, Mexico.,Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, Cátedras CONACYT , México
| | - Tayde Guerrero-González
- Traumatology and Orthopedics Service, Regional Hospital 1o. De Octubre, Institute of Security and Social Services for State Workers , Madero, México
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Conde
- Research Laboratory in Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
| | - Martin Perez-Santos
- Innovation and Knowledge Transfer Department, Benemerita Autonomous University of Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
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76
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Isazadeh A, Hajazimian S, Garshasbi H, Shadman B, Baghbanzadeh A, Chavoshi R, Taefehshokr S, Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid M, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Baradaran B. Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoints blockade by monoclonal antibody drugs in cancer immunotherapy: Focus on myeloma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:791-805. [PMID: 32592235 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic proliferation of a plasma cell in the bone marrow that produces a monoclonal immunoglobulin. The immune checkpoint inhibitors against programmed death-1/programmed death-1 ligand and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 axis have demonstrated appropriate anticancer activity in several solid tumors and liquid cancers, and are rapidly transforming the practice of medical oncology. However, in a high percentage of patients, the efficacy of immune checkpoints blockade remains limited due to innate or primary resistance. Moreover, the malignancies progress in many patients due to acquired or secondary resistance, even after the clinical response to immune checkpoints' blockade. The evidence shows that multiple tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic factors and alterations in signaling pathways are involved in primary and secondary resistance to immune checkpoints blockade. Improved identification of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and mechanisms of resistance or response to immune checkpoints blockade may not only provide novel prognostic or predictive biomarkers but also guide the optimal combination/sequencing of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the clinic. Here, we review the underlying biology and role of immune checkpoints blockade in patients with MM. Furthermore, we review the host and tumor-related factor effects on immune checkpoints blockade in MM immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Hajazimian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Garshasbi
- Department of Genetic, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shadman
- Ege University Medical School, Department of Medical Biology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Chavoshi
- Department of Genetic, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Taefehshokr
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhang C, Cui M, Xing J, Yang H, Yao Z, Zhang N, Su X. Clinicopathologic features and prognosis of synchronous and metachronous multiple primary colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:335-343. [PMID: 32592156 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple primary colorectal cancers (MPCCs) are different from solitary colorectal cancers in many aspects, which are not well studied. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological features and prognosis of MPCCs. METHODS The data of 64 patients with MPCCs out of 2300 patients with colorectal cancers (CRCs) from January 2009 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Stratified analysis was conducted based on subtypes and microsatellite status. RESULTS The overall incidence of MPCC was 2.8% and the median follow-up duration was 51.5 (range 1-120) months. Metachronous CRCs (MCRCs) are more likely to appear in the right colon (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences regarding age, sex, BMI, tumor size, smoking/drinking history, TNM stage, family history of cancer, and 5-year survival rate were observed between synchronous CRC (SCRC) and MCRC. Advanced TNM stage (III) and the presence of polyps were found to be independent poor prognostic factors for MPCCs. The prevalence of mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) in MPCCs was 28.1%. Deficient MMR is more likely to appear in younger, lighter MPCC patients with polyps (p < 0.05). Of four mismatch repair proteins, MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6, and PMS-2 were negative in nine, nine, five, and nine patients, respectively. The 5-year survival rate did not differ significantly between MMR-proficient (pMMR) and dMMR groups (p = 0.752). CONCLUSIONS Synchronous CRC (SCRC) and MCRC might represent similar disease entities with different courses. Deficient MMR is more likely to appear in younger, lighter MPCC patients with polyps and it is an essential indicator for screening Lynch syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - M Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - J Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - H Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Z Yao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - N Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - X Su
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery IV, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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78
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Zhao S, Pan W, Jiang H, Zhang R, Jiang H, Liang Z, Hu H. Cerenkov luminescence imaging is an effective preclinical tool for assessing colorectal cancer PD-L1 levels in vivo. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:64. [PMID: 32542442 PMCID: PMC7295871 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that immunotherapy has effectively delayed tumor progression, and the clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy were related to PD-L1 expression level in the tumors. A 131I-labeled anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody tracer, 131I-PD-L1-Mab, was developed to study the target ability of noninvasive Cerenkov luminescence imaging in colorectal cancer xenograft mice. METHOD Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody labeled with 131I (131I-PD-L1-Mab), and in vitro binding assays were used to evaluate the affinity of 131I-PD-L1-Mab to PD-L1 and their binding level to different colorectal cancer cells, and compared with flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. The clinical application value of 131I-PD-L1-Mab was evaluated through biodistribution and Cerenkov luminescence imaging, and different tumor-bearing models expressing PD-L1 were evaluated. RESULTS 131I-PD-L1-Mab showed high affinity to PD-L1, and the equilibrium dissociation constant was 1.069 × 10-9 M. The competitive inhibition assay further confirmed the specific binding ability of 131I-PD-L1-Mab. In four different tumor-bearing models with different PD-L1 expression, the biodistribution and Cerenkov luminescence imaging showed that the RKO tumors demonstrated the highest uptake of the tracer 131I-PD-L1-Mab, with a maximum uptake of 1.613 ± 0.738% IA/g at 48 h. CONCLUSIONS There is a great potential for 131I-PD-L1-Mab noninvasive Cerenkov luminescence imaging to assess the status of tumor PD-L1 expression and select patients for anti-PD-L1 targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbin Pan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | | | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zonghui Liang
- Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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79
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Amini M, Ghorban K, Mokhtarzadeh A, Dadmanesh M, Baradaran B. CD40 DNA hypermethylation in primary gastric tumors; as a novel diagnostic biomarker. Life Sci 2020; 254:117774. [PMID: 32407843 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide due to its poor prognosis. DNA methylation changes, as an early event during tumor progression, constitute attractive markers for cancer diagnostics. In the current study, CD40 DNA methylation was investigated in GC as a novel epigenetic biomarker. MAIN METHODS We first analyzed DNA methylation microarrays from the Gene Expression Omnibus database on GC samples to evaluate the potential diagnostic value of CD40 methylation. Moreover, using q-MSP, in a set of internal samples including GC primary tumors and adjacent normal specimens, CD40 DNA methylation levels were determined. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data on GC was also analyzed for further validation. KEY FINDINGS Our results illustrated significant CD40 hypermethylation in GC samples compared to normal specimens which was significantly correlated with the clinical stage of malignancy. Besides, the high accuracy of CD40 methylation as a diagnostic biomarker in GC was confirmed using the ROC curve analysis with an AUC value of 0.9089. Also, gene set enrichment analysis showed that CD40 is mainly involved in biological processes regulating immune response activation in GC. Further analysis of other prevalent cancer entities in TCGA showed that CD40 hypermethylation is a common event during tumor progression and could be considered as a potential biomarker for the detection of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers as well. SIGNIFICANCE The finding of this study suggests that CD40 methylation as a potential pan biomarker could be a valuable target for liquid biopsy application of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khodayar Ghorban
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Dadmanesh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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