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Cabo R, Alonso P, San José I, Vázquez G, Pastor JF, Germanà A, Vega JA, García-Suárez O. Brain-derived neurotrofic factor and its receptor TrkB are present, but segregated, within mature cutaneous Pacinian corpuscles of Macaca fascicularis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:624-9. [PMID: 25230956 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Some mechanoreceptors in mammals depend totally or in part on the neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), and their receptor TrkB, for development and maintenance. These actions are presumably exerced regulating the survival of discrete sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia which form mechanoreceptors at the periphery. In addition, the cells forming the mechanoreceptors also express both neurotrophins and their receptors although large differences have been described among species. Pacinian corpuscles are rapidly adapting low-threshold mechanoreceptors whose dependence from neurotrophins is not known. In the present study, we analyzed expression of TrkB and their ligands BDNF and NT-4 in the cutaneous Pacinian corpuscles of Macaca fascicularis using immunohistochemistry and fluorescent microscopy. TrkB immunoreactivity was found in Pacinian corpuscles where it co-localized with neuron-specific enolase, and occasionally with S100 protein, thus suggesting that TrkB expression is primarily into axons but also in the lamellar cells and even in the outer core. On the other hand, BDNF immunoreactivity was found the inner core cells where it co-localized with S100 protein but also in the innermost layers of the outer core; NT-4 immunostaining was not detected. These results describe for the first time the expression and distribution of a full neurotrophin system in the axon-inner core complex of mature Pacinian corpuscles. The data support previous findings demonstrating large differences in the expression of BDNF-TrkB in mammalian mechanoreceptors, and also suggest the existence of a retrograde trophic signaling mechanism to maintain morphological and functional integrity of sensory neurons supplying Pacinian corpuscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cabo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Cabo R, Alonso P, Viña E, Vázquez G, Gago A, Feito J, Pérez-Moltó FJ, García-Suárez O, Vega JA. ASIC2 is present in human mechanosensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and in mechanoreceptors of the glabrous skin. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:267-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Decorps J, Saumet JL, Sommer P, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Fromy B. Effect of ageing on tactile transduction processes. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 13:90-9. [PMID: 24373814 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With advancing age, a decline in the main sensory modalities including touch sensation and perception is well reported to occur. This review mainly outlines the peripheral components of touch perception highlighting ageing influences on morphological and functional features of cutaneous mechanical transducers and mechanosensitive ion channels, sensory innervation, neurotransmitters and even vascular system required to ensure efferent function of the afferent nerve fibres in the skin. This, in conjunction with effect of ageing on the skin per se and central nervous system, could explain the tactile deficit seen among the ageing population. We also discuss appropriate tools and experimental models available to study the age-related tactile decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Decorps
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5305, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, Lyon, France.
| | - Jean Louis Saumet
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5305, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, Lyon, France.
| | - Pascal Sommer
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5305, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, Lyon, France.
| | - Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5305, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, Lyon, France.
| | - Berengere Fromy
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5305, Lyon, France; University of Lyon 1, UMR 5305, Lyon, France.
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de Carlos F, Cobo J, Macías E, Feito J, Cobo T, Calavia M, García-Suárez O, Vega J. The Sensory Innervation of the Human Pharynx: Searching for Mechanoreceptors. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1735-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. de Carlos
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médicos-Quirúrgicas; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Asturiano de Odontología; Oviedo Spain
| | - J. Cobo
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médicos-Quirúrgicas; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Asturiano de Odontología; Oviedo Spain
| | - E. Macías
- Instituto Asturiano de Odontología; Oviedo Spain
| | - J. Feito
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica; Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Oviedo Spain
| | - T. Cobo
- Instituto Asturiano de Odontología; Oviedo Spain
| | - M.G. Calavia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | - O. García-Suárez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
| | - J.A. Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
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Myers MI, Peltier AC. Uses of skin biopsy for sensory and autonomic nerve assessment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2013; 13:323. [PMID: 23250768 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-012-0323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool for small-fiber-predominant neuropathy by the quantification of intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). It has the unique advantage of being a minimally invasive procedure with the potential for longitudinal evaluation of both sensory and autonomic fibers. Unmyelinated small fibers are not otherwise quantified objectively with such a level of sensitivity as has been reported with IENFD. Recent advances include an expansion of the skin punch biopsy technique to evaluate larger myelinated fibers and mechanoreceptors, and recent work has also focused on additional methods of quantifying dermal fibers and densely innervated autonomic structures. This review discusses current work using skin biopsy for the pathologic analysis of peripheral nerve fibers in neuropathy of various causes as well as its use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iliza Myers
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, A-0118 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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García-Cosamalón J, Fernández-Fernández J, González-Martínez E, Ibáñez-Plágaro J, Robla Costales J, Martínez-Madrigal M, López Muñíz A, del Valle ME, Vega JA. La inervación del disco intervertebral. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2013; 24:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Innervation is required for sense organ development in the lateral line system of adult zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5659-64. [PMID: 23509277 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1214004110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial mechanosensory organs (neuromasts) distributed over the head and body of fishes and amphibians form the "lateral line" system. During zebrafish adulthood, each neuromast of the body (posterior lateral line system, or PLL) produces "accessory" neuromasts that remain tightly clustered, thereby increasing the total number of PLL neuromasts by a factor of more than 10. This expansion is achieved by a budding process and is accompanied by branches of the afferent nerve that innervates the founder neuromast. Here we show that innervation is essential for the budding process, in complete contrast with the development of the embryonic PLL, where innervation is entirely dispensable. To obtain insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the budding process, we focused on the terminal system that develops at the posterior tip of the body and on the caudal fin. In this subset of PLL neuromasts, bud neuromasts form in a reproducible sequence over a few days, much faster than for other PLL neuromasts. We show that wingless/int (Wnt) signaling takes place during, and is required for, the budding process. We also show that the Wnt activator R-spondin is expressed by the axons that innervate budding neuromasts. We propose that the axon triggers Wnt signaling, which itself is involved in the proliferative phase that leads to bud formation. Finally, we show that innervation is required not only for budding, but also for long-term maintenance of all PLL neuromasts.
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Myers MI, Peltier AC, Li J. Evaluating dermal myelinated nerve fibers in skin biopsy. Muscle Nerve 2013; 47:1-11. [PMID: 23192899 PMCID: PMC3528842 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although there has been extensive research on small, unmyelinated fibers in the skin, little research has investigated dermal myelinated fibers in comparison. Glabrous, nonhairy skin contains mechanoreceptors that afford a vantage point for observation of myelinated fibers that have previously been seen only with invasively obtained nerve biopsies. This review discusses current morphometric and molecular expression data of normative and pathogenic glabrous skin obtained by various processing and analysis methods for cutaneous myelinated fibers. Recent publications have shed light on the role of glabrous skin biopsy in identifying signs of peripheral neuropathy and as a potential biomarker of distal myelin and mechanoreceptor integrity. The clinical relevance of a better understanding of the role of dermal myelinated nerve terminations in peripheral neuropathy will be addressed in light of recent publications in the growing field of skin biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iliza Myers
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Sonza A, Maurer C, Achaval M, Zaro MA, Nigg BM. Human cutaneous sensors on the sole of the foot: altered sensitivity and recovery time after whole body vibration. Neurosci Lett 2012. [PMID: 23201635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) on human tactile sensitivity, both the immediate effects and the recovery time in the case of altered sensitivity. Twenty adults (25.3±2.6 years, 10 males) participated in a 10-min WBV session, at a frequency of 42 Hz with 2 mm amplitude in a spiral mode. Sensitivity was measured before and four times after WBV exposure. Pressure sensation was determined using Von Frey monofilaments. Vibration perception thresholds for 30 and 200 Hz were measured using a custom built neurothesiometer. The sensation was measured in 5 anatomical regions of the right foot. Sensitivity of measured cutaneous perception was significantly reduced. Fast-adapting mechanoreceptors for 200 Hz and 30 Hz showed 5.2 and 3.8 times lower sensation values immediately after WBV, respectively. Pressure sensation was 2 times lower in comparison to the baseline condition. In general, tactile sensitivity recovery time was between 2 and 3 h. WBV influences the discharge of fast-adapting skin mechanoreceptors. By determining the recovery time, it might be possible to estimate how long the effects of WBV on tactile sensitivity last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise Sonza
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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61
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Widera D, Hauser S, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. Origin and regenerative potential of vertebrate mechanoreceptor-associated stem cells. ANATOMY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:837626. [PMID: 23082250 PMCID: PMC3467754 DOI: 10.1155/2012/837626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cell neurite complexes are highly specialized mechanoreceptors present in the hairy and glabrous skin, as well as in different types of mucosa. Several reports suggest that after injury, such as after nerve crush, freeze injury, or dissection of the nerve, they are able to regenerate, particularly including reinnervation and repopulation of the mechanoreceptors by Schwann cells. However, little is known about mammalian cells responsible for these regenerative processes. Here we review cellular origin of this plasticity in the light of newly described adult neural crest-derived stem cell populations. We also discuss further potential multipotent stem cell populations with the ability to regenerate disrupted innervation and to functionally recover the mechanoreceptors. These capabilities are discussed as in context to cellularly reprogrammed Schwann cells and tissue resident adult mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Widera
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Kornelsen J, Smith SD, McIver TA, Sboto-Frankenstein U, Latta P, Tomanek B. Functional MRI of the thoracic spinal cord during vibration sensation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 37:981-5. [PMID: 23011888 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate that it is possible to acquire accurate functional magnetic resonance images from thoracic spinal cord neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS The lower thoracic spinal dermatomes (T7-T11) on the right side of the body were mechanically stimulated by vibration for 15 participants. Neuronal responses to vibration sensation were measured in the thoracic spinal cord using a HASTE sequence on a 3 Tesla MRI system. RESULTS Signal increases were observed in the corresponding lower thoracic spinal cord segments ipsilateral to the side of stimulation in the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord. CONCLUSION This is the first study to provide proof of principle that functional imaging of the entire thoracic spinal cord is possible, by detecting neuronal activity in the thoracic spinal cord during sensory stimulation using spinal fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kornelsen
- National Research Council Institute for Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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63
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Ankyrin-B structurally defines terminal microdomains of peripheral somatosensory axons. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 218:1005-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Thompson WR, Rubin CT, Rubin J. Mechanical regulation of signaling pathways in bone. Gene 2012; 503:179-93. [PMID: 22575727 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of cell types depend on mechanically induced signals to enable appropriate physiological responses. The skeleton is particularly dependent on mechanical information to guide the resident cell population towards adaptation, maintenance and repair. Research at the organ, tissue, cell and molecular levels has improved our understanding of how the skeleton can recognize the functional environment, and how these challenges are translated into cellular information that can site-specifically alter phenotype. This review first considers those cells within the skeleton that are responsive to mechanical signals, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and osteoprogenitors. This is discussed in light of a range of experimental approaches that can vary parameters such as strain, fluid shear stress, and pressure. The identity of mechanoreceptor candidates is approached, with consideration of integrins, pericellular tethers, focal adhesions, ion channels, cadherins, connexins, and the plasma membrane including caveolar and non-caveolar lipid rafts and their influence on integral signaling protein interactions. Several mechanically regulated intracellular signaling cascades are detailed including activation of kinases (Akt, MAPK, FAK), β-catenin, GTPases, and calcium signaling events. While the interaction of bone cells with their mechanical environment is complex, an understanding of mechanical regulation of bone signaling is crucial to understanding bone physiology, the etiology of diseases such as osteoporosis, and to the development of interventions to improve bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Thompson
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Del Valle ME, Cobo T, Cobo JL, Vega JA. Mechanosensory neurons, cutaneous mechanoreceptors, and putative mechanoproteins. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1033-43. [PMID: 22461425 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian skin has developed sensory structures (mechanoreceptors) that are responsible for different modalities of mechanosensitivity like touch, vibration, and pressure sensation. These specialized sensory organs are anatomically and functionally connected to a special subset of sensory neurons called mechanosensory neurons, which electrophysiologically correspond with Aβ fibers. Although mechanosensory neurons and cutaneous mechanoreceptors are rather well known, the biology of the sense of touch still remains poorly understood. Basically, the process of mechanosensitivity requires the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into an electrical signal through the activation of ion channels that gate in response to mechanical stimuli. These ion channels belong primarily to the family of the degenerin/epithelium sodium channels, especially the subfamily acid-sensing ion channels, and to the family of transient receptor potential channels. This review compiles the current knowledge on the occurrence of putative mechanoproteins in mechanosensory neurons and mechanoreceptors, as well as the involvement of these proteins on the biology of touch. Furthermore, we include a section about what the knock-out mice for mechanoproteins are teaching us. Finally, the possibilities for mechanotransduction in mechanoreceptors, and the common involvement of the ion channels, extracellular membrane, and cytoskeleton, are revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Del Valle
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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66
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Wang ZX, Luo DL, Pan Y, Chen L, Li Z, Tao L, Dai X, Li YJ, Li XY, Li SR. Autologous nerve implantation into denervated monkey skin promotes regeneration of Meissner's corpuscle. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:BR377-84. [PMID: 22129896 PMCID: PMC3628142 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to observe the effects of autologous nerve implantation into the denervated finger flap on the regression and regeneration of sensory nerve endings and Meissner’s corpuscles. Material/Methods Bilateral nerves of fingers were separated: one was removed and the other was implanted into the denervated finger in the implantation group. In the non-implantation group, both nerves were removed. The ventral skin of fingers was collected for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. Results The nerve endings in the Meissner’s corpuscles began to degenerate 3 months after denervation. The elementary structure of Meissner’s corpuscles was not significantly altered. Nerve fibers were present around the Meissner’s corpuscles, accompanied by growing into its inward. The axons in the denervated nerve disappeared and the Meissner’s corpuscles began to atrophy at month 6. More regenerated nerve fibers were observed after nerve implantation, including intensive and thick fibers, accompanied by reinnervation of Meissner’s corpuscles. More nerve fibers and a higher proportion of myelinated nerve fibers were noted at month 9 in the implantation group, and the reinnervation was present in the majority of Meissner’s corpuscles. Naive myelinated nerve fibers appeared at the caudal end of Meissner’s corpuscles. The nerve fibers in the Meissner’s corpuscles increased to the normal level at 12 months after nerve implantation. Conclusions The implanted nerve regenerated a large amount of free nerve endings, which helped to regenerate simple Meissner’s corpuscles via governing previously degenerated corpuscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xiang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Barbieri AL, Jain D, Gobel S, Kenney B. Wagner-Meissner Corpuscle Proliferation. Int J Surg Pathol 2011; 20:79-82. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896911408723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhanpat Jain
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan Gobel
- Gastroenterology Center of Connecticut Laboratory, Hamden, CT, USA
| | - Barton Kenney
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Grimal S, Puech S, Wagener R, Ventéo S, Carroll P, Fichard-Carroll A. Collagen XXVIII is a distinctive component of the peripheral nervous system nodes of ranvier and surrounds nonmyelinating glial cells. Glia 2011; 58:1977-87. [PMID: 20830809 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that collagens perform crucial functions during the development and organization of the nervous system. Collagen XXVIII is a recently discovered collagen almost exclusively expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In this study, we show that this collagen is associated with nonmyelinated regions of the PNS. With the notable exception of type II terminal Schwann cell in the hairy skin, collagen XXVIII surrounds all nonmyelinating glial cells studied. This includes satellite glial cells of the dorsal root ganglia, terminal Schwann cells type I around mechanoceptors in the skin, terminal Schwann cells around proprioceptors in the muscle spindle or at the neuromuscular junction and olfactory ensheathing cells. Collagen XXVIII is also detected at nodes of Ranvier where the myelin sheath of myelinated fibers is interrupted and is thus a distinctive component of the PNS nodal gap. The correlation between the absence of myelin and the presence of collagen XXVIII is confirmed in a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth characterized by dysmyelinated nerve fibers, in which enhancement of collagen XXVIII labeling is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Grimal
- INSERM U583, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Université Montpellier II Hôpital Saint Eloi, 80 rue Augustin Fliche, BP 74103, 34091 Montpellier Cedex 5
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Montaño JA, Pérez-Piñera P, García-Suárez O, Cobo J, Vega JA. Development and neuronal dependence of cutaneous sensory nerve formations: Lessons from neurotrophins. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:513-29. [PMID: 19839059 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Null mutations of genes from the NGF family of NTs and their receptors (NTRs) lead to loss/reduction of specific neurons in sensory ganglia; conversely, cutaneous overexpression of NTs results in skin hyperinnervation and increase or no changes in the number of sensory neurons innervating the skin. These neuronal changes are paralleled with loss of specific types of sensory nerve formations in the skin. Therefore, mice carrying mutations in NT or NTR genes represent an ideal model to identify the neuronal dependence of each type of cutaneous sensory nerve ending from a concrete subtype of sensory neuron, since the development, maintenance, and structural integrity of sensory nerve formations depend upon sensory neurons. Results obtained from these mouse strains suggest that TrkA positive neurons are connected to intraepithelial nerve fibers and other sensory nerve formations depending from C and Adelta nerve fibers; the neurons expressing TrkB and responding to BDNF and NT-4 innervate Meissner corpuscles, a subpopulation of Merkell cells, some mechanoreceptors of the piloneural complex, and the Ruffini's corpuscles; finally, a subpopulation of neurons, which are responsive to NT-3, support postnatal survival of some intraepithelial nerve fibers and Merkel cells in addition to the muscle mechanoreceptors. On the other hand, changes in NTs and NTRs affect the structure of non-nervous structures of the skin and are at the basis of several cutaneous pathologies. This review is an update about the role of NTs and NTRs in the maintenance of normal cutaneous innervation and maintenance of skin integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Montaño
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
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García-Suárez O, Montaño JA, Esteban I, González-Martínez T, Alvarez-Abad C, López-Arranz E, Cobo J, Vega JA. Myelin basic protein-positive nerve fibres in human Meissner corpuscles. J Anat 2010; 214:888-93. [PMID: 19538632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelinated nerve fibres forming sensory corpuscles become amyelinic before entering the corpuscle. Interestingly, in Meissner corpuscles from monkey myelin basic protein (MBP), a specific component of myelin sheath co-localized with neuronal markers. To investigate whether or not this also occurs in human digital Meissner corpuscles, we used single and double immunohistochemistry to detect MBP associated with axonic (protein gene product (PGP) 9.5) or Schwann and Schwann-related cell (S100 protein) markers. We also studied these markers in Pacinian corpuscles. Nerve fibres immunoreactive for MBP were detected in about 25% of the Meissner corpuscles examined; however, MBP never co-localized with PGP 9.5 and MBP occasionally co-localized with S100 protein. MBP-immunoreactive fibres associated with Meissner corpuscles were observed at the periphery of the lamellar cells or within the corpuscle between the lamellar cells. These results describe the distribution of myelinated nerve fibres expressing MBP in human Meissner corpuscles, which is important when studying Meissner corpuscles in cutaneous biopsies used for the diagnosis of peripheral and degenerative neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O García-Suárez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the immunohistochemical profile of the human pancreatic pacinian corpuscles in comparison with that of the cutaneous pacinian corpuscles. In addition, we studied a Pacinilike corpuscle found in the adventitia of a pancreatic artery. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry to detect specific antigens for corpuscular constituents, specific antibodies for the identification of Adelta- and C-sensory fibers and for the detection of several growth factor receptors, and some members of the degenerin/epithelial Na channel superfamily of proteins. RESULTS Approximately 62% of pancreatic pacinian corpuscles have 2 to 10 axonic profiles each enclosed by its own inner core: 1 or 2 of these axonic profiles displayed RT-97 immunoreactivity (specific marker of mechanical axons). The cutaneous pacinian corpuscles showed not more than 2 axonic profiles with identical immunohistochemical characteristics. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, epithelial membrane antigen, and tyrosine receptor kinase B was different between pancreatic and cutaneous pacinian corpuscles; the pattern of distribution of degenerin/epithelial Na channel proteins was identical in both cases. The arterial Pacinilike corpuscles displayed a specific immunohistochemical profile. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic pacinian corpuscles slightly differ from the cutaneous ones, and these differences could be related to topography, growth factor requirements, or function of pacinian corpuscles in the pancreas.
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72
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Differential Localization of Acid-Sensing Ion Channels 1 and 2 in Human Cutaneus Pacinian Corpuscles. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:841-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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McGuire JF, Rouen S, Siegfreid E, Wright DE, Dobrowsky RT. Caveolin-1 and altered neuregulin signaling contribute to the pathophysiological progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes 2009; 58:2677-86. [PMID: 19675140 PMCID: PMC2768162 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate if Erb B2 activation and the loss of caveolin-1 (Cav1) contribute to the pathophysiological progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cav1 knockout and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin, and changes in motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), mechanical and thermal hypoalgesia, Erb B2 phosphorylation (pErb B2), and epidermal nerve fiber density were assessed. The contribution of Erb B2 to DPN was assessed using the Erb B2 inhibitors PKI 166 and erlotinib and a conditional bitransgenic mouse that expressed a constitutively active form of Erb B2 in myelinated Schwann cells (SCs). RESULTS Diabetic mice exhibited decreased MNCV and mechanical and thermal sensitivity, but the extent of these deficits was more severe in diabetic Cav1 knockout mice. Diabetes increased pErb B2 levels in both genotypes, but the absence of Cav1 correlated with a greater increase in pErb B2. Erb B2 activation contributed to the mechanical hypoalgesia and MNCV deficits in both diabetic genotypes because treatment with erlotinib or PKI 166 improved these indexes of DPN. Similarly, induction of a constitutively active Erb B2 in myelinated SCs was sufficient to decrease MNCV and induce a mechanical hypoalgesia in the absence of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Increased Erb B2 activity contributes to specific indexes of DPN, and Cav1 may be an endogenous regulator of Erb B2 signaling. Altered Erb B2 signaling is a novel mechanism that contributes to SC dysfunction in diabetes, and inhibiting Erb B2 may ameliorate deficits of tactile sensitivity in DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. McGuire
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Shefali Rouen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Eric Siegfreid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Douglas E. Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Rick T. Dobrowsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
- Corresponding author: Rick T. Dobrowsky,
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Calavia MG, Feito J, López-Iglesias L, de Carlos F, García-Suarez O, Pérez-Piñera P, Cobo J, Vega JA. The lamellar cells in human Meissner corpuscles express TrkB. Neurosci Lett 2009; 468:106-9. [PMID: 19879330 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous Meissner corpuscles depend for development and survival exclusively on the NT system TrkB/BDNF/NT-4 unlike other types of sensory corpuscles and nerve endings, which have very complex neuronal and growth factor dependence. However, the pattern of expression of TrkB in human Meissner corpuscles is not known. The experiments in these studies were designed to pursue further findings that suggest that BDNF and NT-4 have critical roles in the development and maintenance of Meissner corpuscles by analyzing the pattern of expression of TrkB, their high-affinity receptor, in human glabrous skin. These experiments showed that TrkB is expressed in different patterns by the lamellar cells of Meissner corpuscles and not by the axon. The studies also show that while the percentage of Meissner corpuscles that express TrkB remains constant from birth till 50-year old cases, it decreases approximately 3-fold in subjects older than 50 years. These results are important since the study of Meissner corpuscles from cutaneous biopsies to diagnose some neurological diseases has rapidly become of high interest and therefore the proteins expressed in these corpuscles are potential diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Calavia
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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Montaño JA, Calavia MG, García-Suárez O, Suarez-Quintanilla JA, Gálvez A, Pérez-Piñera P, Cobo J, Vega JA. The expression of ENa(+)C and ASIC2 proteins in Pacinian corpuscles is differently regulated by TrkB and its ligands BDNF and NT-4. Neurosci Lett 2009; 463:114-8. [PMID: 19646506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pacinian corpuscles are innervated by large myelinated Aalpha-beta axons from the large- and intermediate-sized sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia. These neurons express different members of the degenerin/epithelial Na(+) channel (DEG/ENa(+)C) superfamily of proteins with putative mechanosensory properties, whose expression is regulated by the TrkB-BDNF system. Thus, we hypothesized that BDNF and/or NT-4 signalling through activation of TrkB may regulate the expression of molecules supposed to be necessary for the mechanosensory function of Pacinian corpuscles. To test this hypothesis we analyzed the expression and distribution of ENa(+)C subunits and acid-sensing ion channel 2 (ASIC2) in Pacinian corpuscles from 25 days old mice deficient in TrkB, BDNF and NT-4. Pacinian corpuscles in these animals are normal in number, structure, and expression of several immunohistochemical markers. Using immunohistochemistry we observed that the beta-ENa(+)C and gamma-ENa(+)C subunits, but not the alpha-ENa(+)C subunit, were expressed in wild-type animals, and they were always found in the central axon. ASIC2 immunoreactivity was found in both the central axon and the inner core cells. The absence of TrkB or BDNF abolished expression of beta-ENa(+)C and ASIC2, whereas expression of gamma-ENa(+)C did not change. Expression of beta-ENa(+)C and gamma-ENa(+)C subunits in NT-4 deficient mice was found in the axons but also in the inner core cells whereas levels of expression of ASIC2 were increased in these animals. This study suggests that expression in Pacianian corpuscles of some potential mechanosensory proteins is regulated by BDNF, NT-4 and TrkB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Montaño
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
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