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Oesterle TS, Karpyak VM, Coombes BJ, Athreya AP, Breitinger SA, Correa da Costa S, Dana Gerberi DJ. Systematic review: Wearable remote monitoring to detect nonalcohol/nonnicotine-related substance use disorder symptoms. Am J Addict 2022; 31:535-545. [PMID: 36062888 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Substance use disorders (SUDs) are chronic relapsing diseases characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Phenomenologically, patients with SUDs present with a repeating cycle of intoxication, withdrawal, and craving, significantly impacting their diagnosis and treatment. There is a need for better identification and monitoring of these disease states. Remote monitoring chronic illness with wearable devices offers a passive, unobtrusive, constant physiological data assessment. We evaluate the current evidence base for remote monitoring of nonalcohol, nonnicotine SUDs. METHODS We performed a systematic, comprehensive literature review and screened 1942 papers. RESULTS We found 15 studies that focused mainly on the intoxication stage of SUD. These studies used wearable sensors measuring several physiological parameters (ECG, HR, O2 , Accelerometer, EDA, temperature) and implemented study-specific algorithms to evaluate the data. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Studies were extracted, organized, and analyzed based on the three SUD disease states. The sample sizes were relatively small, focused primarily on the intoxication stage, had low monitoring compliance, and required significant computational power preventing "real-time" results. Cardiovascular data was the most consistently valuable data in the predictive algorithms. This review demonstrates that there is currently insufficient evidence to support remote monitoring of SUDs through wearable devices. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This is the first systematic review to show the available data on wearable remote monitoring of SUD symptoms in each stage of the disease cycle. This clinically relevant approach demonstrates what we know and do not know about the remote monitoring of SUDs within disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brandon J Coombes
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arjun P Athreya
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott A Breitinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Wang D, Ali F, Liu H, Cheng Y, Wu M, Saleem MZ, Zheng H, Wei L, Chu J, Xie Q, Shen A, Peng J. Quercetin inhibits angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway: A target based networking pharmacology approach. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1002363. [PMID: 36324691 PMCID: PMC9618806 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1002363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) represents crucial pathological changes during the development of hypertensive vascular remodeling. Although quercetin exhibits significantly therapeutic effects on antihypertension, the systematic role of quercetin and its exact mode of action in relation to the VSMCs growth and its hypertension-related networking pharmacology is not well-documented. Therefore, the effect of quercetin was investigated using networking pharmacology followed by in vitro strategies to explore its efficacy against angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cell proliferation. Putative genes of hypertension and quercetin were collected using database mining, and their correlation was investigated. Subsequently, a network of protein-protein interactions was constructed and gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed to identify the role of important genes (including CCND1) and key signaling pathways [including cell proliferation and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway]. We therefore further investigated the effects of quercetin in Ang II-stimulated VSMCs. This current research revealed that quercetin significantly reduced the cell confluency, cell number, and cell viability, as well as expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in Ang II-stimulated VSMCs. Mechanistic study by western blotting confirmed that quercetin treatment attenuated the activation of JAK2 and STAT3 by reducing its phosphorylation in Ang II stimulated VSMCs. Collectively, the current study revealed the inhibitory effects of quercetin on proliferation of Ang II stimulated VSMCs, by inhibiting the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling might be one of underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Farman Ali
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Meizhu Wu
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair Saleem
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huifang Zheng
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiangfeng Chu
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Aling Shen
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Aling Shen, ; Jun Peng,
| | - Jun Peng
- Clinical Research Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Aling Shen, ; Jun Peng,
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Li MY, Peng LM, Chen XP. Pharmacogenomics in drug-induced cardiotoxicity: Current status and the future. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:966261. [PMID: 36312261 PMCID: PMC9606405 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.966261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT) is an important concern of drug safety in both drug development and clinical application. The clinical manifestations of DICT include cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and a series of cardiac structural and functional changes. The occurrence of DICT has negative impacts on the life quality of the patients, brings additional social and economic burden. It is important to identify the potential factors and explore the mechanisms of DICT. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors can only partially explain the risk of DICT. Pharmacogenomic studies show accumulated evidence of genetics in DICT and suggest the potential to guide precision therapy to reduce risk of cardiotoxicity. The comprehensive application of technologies such as third-generation sequencing, human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and genome editing has promoted the in-depth understanding of the functional role of susceptible genes in DICT. This paper reviewed drugs that cause DICT, the clinical manifestations and laboratory tests, as well as the related content of genetic variations associated with the risk of DICT, and further discussed the implication of new technologies in pharmacogenomics of DICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Yun Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Ming Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Li-Ming Peng
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiao-Ping Chen
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Selcuk O, Unal DN, Kanbes Dindar Ç, Süslü İ, Uslu B. Electrochemical determination of phosphodiesterase-3 enzyme inhibitor drug Milrinone with nanodiamond modified paste electrode. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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55
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Colom Gordillo A, Martínez Sánchez L, Pretel Echaburu C, Trenchs Sainz de la Maza V, Gotzens Bersch J, Luaces Cubells C. Unintentional poisoning by cough and cold medications: Drugs with little usefulness and potential toxicity. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 97:326-332. [PMID: 36153206 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of medications to relieve the symptoms of the "common cold" in children is very frequent. In addition to the lack of scientific evidence supporting its usefulness, there is evidence of potential toxicity, and serious and even fatal cases of intoxication have been described. The objective was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients treated in a paediatric emergency department (PED) for suspected unintentional intoxication by a cold medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational and analytical study of patients aged less than 18 years managed in a PED for suspected unintentional poisoning by a cold medicine between July 2012 and June 2020. We classified severity according to the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS): PSS-0 = no toxicity; PSS-1 = mild toxicity; PSS-2 = moderate; PSS-3 = severe; PSS-4 = lethal. If the intoxication occurred while the patient was in active treatment with the drug, we determined whether the patient's age was in the applicable range established in the therapeutic indications provided in the summary of product characteristics. RESULTS The study included data for 63 cases. The drugs involved were decongestants and mucolytics (31; 49.2%), antitussives (26; 41.2%) and oral bronchodilators (6; 9.5%). The distribution by severity was 40 cases with PSS-0 (63.5%), 21 with PSS-1 (33.3%), 1 with PSS-2 (1.6%) and 1 with PSS-3 (1.6%). In 29 patients (46.0%) there was a history of therapeutic use; in 15 of these cases (51.7%) the age was lower than recommended in the summary of product characteristics. In 14 patients (22.2%) the intoxication was due to administration of the wrong dose by caregivers. CONCLUSION Although scientific evidence does not support the use of cold medicines in children, unintentional intoxications by these drugs keep happening, in some cases causing moderate or severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Martínez Sánchez
- Área de Urgencias, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Influencia del entorno en el bienestar del niño y del adolescente, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Victoria Trenchs Sainz de la Maza
- Área de Urgencias, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Influencia del entorno en el bienestar del niño y del adolescente, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-quirúrgicas, Facultad de Medicina i Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carles Luaces Cubells
- Área de Urgencias, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Influencia del entorno en el bienestar del niño y del adolescente, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-quirúrgicas, Facultad de Medicina i Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Gutlapalli SD, Lavu VK, Mohamed RA, Huang R, Potla S, Bhalla S, Al Qabandi Y, Nandula SA, Boddepalli CS, Hamid P. The Risk of Fatal Arrhythmias in Post-Myocardial Infarction Depression in Association With Venlafaxine. Cureus 2022; 14:e29107. [PMID: 36258960 PMCID: PMC9572810 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Venlafaxine is a second line anti-depressant and the most commonly used in the treatment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor nonresponders in major depression; due to its effects on the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems as a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, there has been considerable apprehension regarding its use in patients with cardiovascular diseases, particularly post-myocardial infarction depression, some of the feared adverse effects include QT prolongation, arrhythmias including torsades de pointes and sudden cardiac death. We tried to resolve the facts regarding the risks associated with venlafaxine use in cardiac patients. We have reviewed all the relevant information up to May 2022 regarding the risks of venlafaxine use in cardiovascular disease, particularly with a focus on post-myocardial infarction depression, and gathered around 350 articles in our research and narrowed it down to 49 articles. The database used was PubMed and the keywords used were venlafaxine, arrhythmia, major depression, post-myocardial infarction, and ventricular tachycardia. We carefully screened all relevant articles and found articles supporting and refuting the effects of venlafaxine in increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We have concluded that there is a significant variability due to confounding factors affecting individual cases. Overall there is no increased arrhythmia risk in comparison with other anti-depressants except in high-risk cases such as with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, certain genotypes, and other co-morbidities. Any patient with a high risk of arrhythmias due to any etiology should receive a screening electrocardiogram before venlafaxine prescription for baseline QT interval and periodically while on therapy to check for changes. We encourage further research, including randomized clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance regarding the use of venlafaxine in high-risk cases such as patients with multiple co-morbidities, elderly patients, or patients with certain genotypes.
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Yang X, Ribeiro AJS, Pang L, Strauss DG. Use of Human iPSC-CMs in Nonclinical Regulatory Studies for Cardiac Safety Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2022; 190:117-126. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) provide a human-relevant platform for cardiac function assessment. Alternative assays using hiPSC-CMs are increasingly being employed for regulatory decision-making. A retrospective review revealed steady use of hiPSC-CM-based in vitro assays in nonclinical studies of drug-induced cardiotoxicity in regulatory submissions to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Most of the hiPSC-CMs data were obtained in exploratory studies and submitted as supportive evidence in concordance with other nonclinical data. Some of those studies were used to inform clinical trial design. This article provides an overview of the use of hiPSC-CMs in regulatory applications to FDA, with a focus on the integration of human-relevant in vitro data into proarrhythmic and non-proarrhythmic risk assessment. By identifying the regulatory submissions including hiPSC-CMs data, we explore their utility and discuss their limitations for predicting human cardiac safety in clinical trials. An important take-home message is that regulatory acceptance of hiPSC-CMs data is dependent on both the context of use and accurate data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, & Nephrology, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, USA
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, USA
| | - Li Pang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Jefferson, Arizona 72079, USA
| | - David G Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, USA
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Di Sotto A, Gullì M, Minacori M, Mancinelli R, Garzoli S, Percaccio E, Incocciati A, Romaniello D, Mazzanti G, Eufemi M, Di Giacomo S. β-Caryophyllene Counteracts Chemoresistance Induced by Cigarette Smoke in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-468 Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2257. [PMID: 36140359 PMCID: PMC9496176 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) has been associated with an increased risk of fatal breast cancers and recurrence, along with chemoresistance and chemotherapy impairment. This strengthens the interest in chemopreventive agents to be exploited both in healthy and oncological subjects to prevent or repair CS damage. In the present study, we evaluated the chemopreventive properties of the natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene towards the damage induced by cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cells. Particularly, we assessed the ability of the sesquiterpene to interfere with the mechanisms exploited by CSC to promote cell survival and chemoresistance, including genomic instability, cell cycle progress, autophagy/apoptosis, cell migration and related pathways. β-Caryophyllene was found to be able to increase the CSC-induced death of MDA-MB-468 cells, likely triggering oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; moreover, it hindered cell recovery, autophagy activation and cell migration; at last, a marked inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation was highlighted: this could represent a key mechanism of the chemoprevention by β-caryophyllene. Although further studies are required to confirm the in vivo efficacy of β-caryophyllene, the present results suggest a novel strategy to reduce the harmful effect of smoke in cancer patients and to improve the survival expectations in breast cancer women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Minacori
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Percaccio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Incocciati
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Kim SY, Lee JP, Shin WR, Oh IH, Ahn JY, Kim YH. Cardiac biomarkers and detection methods for myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022; 18:443-455. [PMID: 36105117 PMCID: PMC9463516 DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background A significant heart attack known as a myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when the blood supply to the heart is suddenly interrupted, harming the heart muscles due to a lack of oxygen. The incidence of myocardial infarction is increasing worldwide. A relationship between COVID-19 and myocardial infarction due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic has also been revealed. Objective We propose a biomarker and a method that can be used for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and an aptamer-based approach. Results For the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, an algorithm-based diagnosis method was developed using electrocardiogram data. A diagnosis method through biomarker detection was then developed. Conclusion Myocardial infarction is a disease that is difficult to diagnose based on the aspect of a single factor. For this reason, it is necessary to use a combination of various methods to diagnose myocardial infarction quickly and accurately. In addition, new materials such as aptamers must be grafted and integrated into new ways. Purpose of Review The incidence of myocardial infarction is increasing worldwide, and some studies are being conducted on the association between COVID-19 and myocardial infarction. The key to properly treating myocardial infarction is early detection, thus we aim to do this by offering both tools and techniques as well as the most recent diagnostic techniques. Recent Findings Myocardial infarction is diagnosed using an electrocardiogram and echocardiogram, which utilize cardiac signals. It is required to identify biomarkers of myocardial infarction and use biomarker-based ELISA, SPR, gold nanoparticle, and aptamer technologies in order to correctly diagnose myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Shin Ansan University, 135 Sinansandaehak-Ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan, 15435 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Pyo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644 South Korea
| | - Woo-Ri Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644 South Korea
| | - In-Hwan Oh
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644 South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Ahn
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644 South Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644 South Korea
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SOC-IV-07 Using Xenopus laevis as a model organism for drug induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Isasi E, Isasi ME, van Loon JJWA. The application of artificial gravity in medicine and space. Front Physiol 2022; 13:952723. [PMID: 36105282 PMCID: PMC9465481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.952723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravity plays a crucial role in physiology. The lack of gravity, like in long duration spaceflight missions, cause pathologies in e.g., the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular deconditioning, immune system deprivation or brain abnormalities, to just mention a few. The application of artificial gravity through short-arm human centrifugation (SAHC) has been studied as a possible countermeasure to treat spaceflight deconditioning. However, hypergravity protocols applied by using SAHC have also been used to treat different, ground-based pathologies. Such gravitational therapies have been applied in Uruguay for more than four decades now. The aim of this overview is to summarize the most important findings about the effects of gravitational therapy in different, mainly vascular based pathologies according to the experience in the Gravitational Therapy Center and to discuss the current research in the field of hypergravity applications in medicine but also as multisystem countermeasure for near weightlessness pathologies. New insight is needed on the use of hypergravity in medicine and space research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Isasi
- Centro de Terapia Gravitacional, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maria E. Isasi
- Centro de Terapia Gravitacional, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Jack J. W. A. van Loon, ; Maria E. Isasi,
| | - Jack J. W. A. van Loon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences & Amsterdam Bone Center (ABC), Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam & Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Life Support and Physical Sciences Section (TEC-MMG), European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Noordwijk, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jack J. W. A. van Loon, ; Maria E. Isasi,
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Liew SM, Chowdhury EK, Ernst ME, Gilmartin‐Thomas J, Reid CM, Tonkin A, Neumann J, McNeil JJ, Kaye DM. Prescribed opioid use is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in community-dwelling older persons. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3973-3984. [PMID: 35985663 PMCID: PMC9773735 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Prescribed opioids are commonly used in the older community-dwelling population for the treatment of chronic pain. Although the harmful effects of opioid abuse and overdose are well understood, little is known about the long-term cardiovascular (CV) effects of prescribed opioids. The aim of this study was to investigate the CV effects associated with prescribed opioid use. METHODS AND RESULTS A post hoc analysis of participants in the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial was conducted. Participants in the ASPREE trial included community-dwelling older adults without a prior history of CV disease (CVD). Prescribed opioid use was defined as opioid use at baseline and/or at the first annual visit (AV1). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations between opioid use and CVD events following AV1. Of the 17 701 participants included (mean age 75.2 years, 58.2% female), 813 took opioids either at baseline or at AV1. Over a median follow-up period of 3.58 years (IQR 2.50-4.62), CVD events, most notably heart failure hospitalization, occurred in 7% (n = 57) amongst opioid users and 4% (n = 680) amongst non-opioid users. After adjustment for multiple covariates, opiate use was associated with a 1.67-fold (CI 1.26-2.23, P < 0.001) increase in the hazard ratio for CVD events. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify opioid use as a non-traditional risk factor for CVD events in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Liew
- Cardiology DepartmentAlfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital GeelongGeelongVICAustralia
| | - Enayet K. Chowdhury
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Michael E. Ernst
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy and Department of Family Medicine, Carver College of MedicineThe University of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Julia Gilmartin‐Thomas
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia,School of Population HealthCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
| | - Andrew Tonkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of CardiologyAustin HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Johannes Neumann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Centre HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - John J. McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - David M. Kaye
- Cardiology DepartmentAlfred HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Centre HamburgHamburgGermany,Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
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Parvin MS, Hrubša M, Fadraersada J, Carazo A, Karlíčková J, Cahlíková L, Chlebek J, Macáková K, Mladěnka P. Can Isoquinoline Alkaloids Affect Platelet Aggregation in Whole Human Blood? Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070491. [PMID: 35878229 PMCID: PMC9324755 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids have multiple biological activities, which might be associated with positive pharmacological effects as well as negative adverse reactions. As bleeding was suggested to be a side effect of the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine, we decided to ascertain if different isoquinoline alkaloids could influence hemocoagulation through the inhibition of either platelet aggregation or blood coagulation. Initially, a total of 14 compounds were screened for antiplatelet activity in whole human blood by impedance aggregometry. Eight of them demonstrated an antiplatelet effect against arachidonic acid-induced aggregation. Papaverine and bulbocapnine were the most potent compounds with biologically relevant IC50 values of 26.9 ± 12.2 μM and 30.7 ± 5.4 μM, respectively. Further testing with the same approach confirmed their antiplatelet effects by employing the most physiologically relevant inducer of platelet aggregation, collagen, and demonstrated that bulbocapnine acted at the level of thromboxane receptors. None of the alkaloids tested had an effect on blood coagulation measured by a mechanical coagulometer. In conclusion, the observed antiplatelet effects of isoquinoline alkaloids were found mostly at quite high concentrations, which means that their clinical impact is most likely low. Bulbocapnine was an exception. It proved to be a promising antiplatelet molecule, which may have biologically relevant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Shamima Parvin
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Jaka Fadraersada
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Lucie Cahlíková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Jakub Chlebek
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-495-067-295
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Kobayashi NHC, Farias SV, Luz DA, Machado-Ferraro KM, da Conceição BC, da Silveira CCM, Fernandes LMP, Cartágenes SDC, Ferreira VMM, Fontes-Júnior EA, Maia CDSF. Ketamine plus Alcohol: What We Know and What We Can Expect about This. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147800. [PMID: 35887148 PMCID: PMC9323326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug abuse has become a public health concern. The misuse of ketamine, a psychedelic substance, has increased worldwide. In addition, the co-abuse with alcohol is frequently identified among misusers. Considering that ketamine and alcohol share several pharmacological targets, we hypothesize that the consumption of both psychoactive substances may synergically intensify the toxicological consequences, both under the effect of drugs available in body systems and during withdrawal. The aim of this review is to examine the toxicological mechanisms related to ketamine plus ethanol co-abuse, as well the consequences on cardiorespiratory, digestive, urinary, and central nervous systems. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive discussion about the probable sites of shared molecular mechanisms that may elicit additional hazardous effects. Finally, we highlight the gaps of knowledge in this area, which deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Harumi Correa Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Sarah Viana Farias
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Diandra Araújo Luz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Kissila Márvia Machado-Ferraro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Brenda Costa da Conceição
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Cinthia Cristina Menezes da Silveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Luanna Melo Pereira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Sabrina de Carvalho Cartágenes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Vânia Maria Moraes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Psychology Institute, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro—Asa Norte, Brasília 70910900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075110, PA, Brazil; (N.H.C.K.); (S.V.F.); (D.A.L.); (K.M.M.-F.); (B.C.d.C.); (C.C.M.d.S.); (L.M.P.F.); (S.d.C.C.); (E.A.F.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7201
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Shaheen G, Ashfaq A, Shamim T, Asif HM, Ali A, Rehman SU, Sumreen L. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Phytochemical and FTIR Analysis of Peganum harmala (Fruit) Ethanolic Extract From Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221126832. [PMID: 36106057 PMCID: PMC9465604 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221126832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of
Peganum harmala fruit. Ethanolic extract was prepared and
phytochemical screening showed the presence of a lot of chemical compounds.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra indicated the presence of
organic acids, hydroxyl and phenolic compounds, amino groups, aliphatic
compounds, and functional groups such as amide, ketone, aldehyde, aromatics, and
halogen compounds. Antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of P.
harmala by the DPPH method showed 71.4% inhibition, whereas
IC50 ± SEM (μg/mL) was .406 ± .11. Antibacterial activity was
performed against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus,
Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus,
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Maximum
antibacterial activity was exhibited by Bacillus subtilis (24.33 ± 2 mm)
and Bacillus pumilus (23.33 ± 2 mm). Zone of inhibition was 19 ± 2 mm by P.
aeruginosa, and it was 18.33 ± 2 mm by Bordetella
bronchiseptica. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis had
inhibitory effect in the range of 12.33 ± 2 mm and 13.66 ± 3 mm,
respectively. 11.66 ± 2 mm and 10 ± 2 mm was zone of inhibition by
Micrococcus luteus and E. coli, respectively. Antifungal activity
was performed against Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus,
Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. Ethanolic extract of
P. harmala showed antifungal activity against
Aspergillus flavus (5 ± 1 mm) and Candida albicans
(4 ± 1 mm). Mild antifungal activity was reported
by Aspergillus fumigatus (3 ±
1 mm), whereas no activity was exhibited by Aspergillus
terreus. Further research is needed in order to evaluate the cytotoxic
effects of P. harmala as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Shaheen
- Department of Eastern Medicine & Surgery, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ashfaq
- Department of Eastern Medicine & Surgery, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Shamim
- Department of Eastern Medicine & Surgery, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Asif
- Department of Eastern Medicine & Surgery, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajid-Ur- Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Laila Sumreen
- Department of Homoeopathic Medical Sciences, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Downregulation of hERG Channel Expression By Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Nilotinib And Vandetanib Predominantly Contributes To Arrhythmogenesis. Toxicol Lett 2022; 365:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Skalafouris C, Reny JL, Stirnemann J, Grosgurin O, Eggimann F, Grauser D, Teixeira D, Jermini M, Bruggmann C, Bonnabry P, Guignard B. Development and assessment of PharmaCheck: an electronic screening tool for the prevention of twenty major adverse drug events. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:146. [PMID: 35642053 PMCID: PMC9154036 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse drug events (ADEs) can be prevented by deploying clinical decision support systems (CDSS) that directly assist physicians, via computerized order entry systems, and clinical pharmacists performing medication reviews as part of medical rounds. However, physicians using CDSS are known to be exposed to the alert-fatigue phenomenon. Our study aimed to assess the performance of PharmaCheck-a CDSS to help clinical pharmacists detect high-risk situations with the potential to lead to ADEs-and its impact on clinical pharmacists' activities. METHODS Twenty clinical rules, divided into four risk classes, were set for the daily screening of high-risk situations in the electronic health records of patients admitted to our General Internal Medicine Department. Alerts to clinical pharmacists encouraged them to telephone prescribers and suggest any necessary treatment adjustments. PharmaCheck's performance was assessed using the intervention's positive predictive value (PPV), which characterizes the proportion of interventions for each alert triggered. PharmaCheck's impact was assessed by considering clinical pharmacists as a filter for ruling out futile alerts and by comparing the final clinical PPV with a pharmacist (the proportion of interventions that led to a change in the medical regimen) to the final clinical PPV without a pharmacist. RESULTS Over 132 days, 447 alerts were triggered for 383 patients, leading to 90 interventions (overall intervention PPV = 20.1%). By risk class, intervention PPVs made up 26.9% (n = 65/242) of abnormal laboratory value alerts, 3.1% (4/127) of alerts for contraindicated medications or medications to be used with caution, 28.2% (20/71) of drug-drug interaction alerts, and 14.3% (1/7) of inadequate mode of administration alerts. Clinical PPVs reached 71.0% (64/90) when pharmacists filtered alerts and 14% (64/242) if they were not doing it. CONCLUSION PharmaCheck enabled clinical pharmacists to improve their traditional processes and broaden their coverage by focusing on 20 high-risk situations. Alert management by pharmacists seemed to be a more effective way of preventing risky situations and alert-fatigue than a model addressing alerts to physicians exclusively. Some fine-tuning could enhance PharmaCheck's performance by considering the information quality of triggers, the variability of clinical settings, and the fact that some prescription processes are already highly secured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Skalafouris
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Luc Reny
- General Internal Medicine Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Stirnemann
- General Internal Medicine Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Grosgurin
- General Internal Medicine Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Eggimann
- Information Systems Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Damien Grauser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Teixeira
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Megane Jermini
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christel Bruggmann
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bonnabry
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Guignard
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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Srivastava S, Yadav S, Singh G, Bajwa SS. Wnt/β-catenin antagonist pyrvinium rescues high dose isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Biochemical and immunohistological evidences. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 358:109902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Colom Gordillo A, Martínez Sánchez L, Pretel Echaburu C, Trenchs Sainz de la Maza V, Gotzens Bersch J, Luaces Cubells C. Intoxicación no intencionada por anticatarrales: medicamentos poco útiles y potencialmente tóxicos. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Zakaria N, Guerard N, Emanuelli A, Dugel P, Watts J, Liew M, Gekkieva M, Hinder M. Evaluation of cardiac parameters and other safety outcomes of brolucizumab treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00897. [PMID: 35301822 PMCID: PMC8931501 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This was a prospective, single‐dose, single‐arm, open‐label, non‐randomized, multicenter clinical study to determine cardiovascular safety after a single brolucizumab 6 mg intravitreal injection in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration patients (N = 14). Electrocardiogram (ECG) data were collected at different time points using 12‐lead Holter and standard ECG, and patients were followed up to 8 days (end of study) for any signs of ocular and non‐ocular adverse events (AEs). No clinically meaningful changes were observed in cardiac parameters. No patient had a ≥30 msec change from baseline in heart rate–corrected QT using Fridericia's formula (QTcF), and no patient had a new QTcF value of ≥450 msec between 20 and 24 h after treatment. No deaths or serious AEs were reported during the study period. These results are in line with the absence of new cardiovascular safety signal based on the ECG recordings collected over the first year of the pivotal studies performed with brolucizumab in DME. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03954626.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zakaria
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Translational Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolas Guerard
- Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andres Emanuelli
- Emanuelli Research and Development Center, Arecibo, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Jen Watts
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hannover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Melissa Liew
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Translational Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Markus Hinder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Translational Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
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Narkar A, Willard JM, Blinova K. Chronic Cardiotoxicity Assays Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063199. [PMID: 35328619 PMCID: PMC8953833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are increasingly used in cardiac safety assessment, disease modeling and regenerative medicine. A vast majority of cardiotoxicity studies in the past have tested acute effects of compounds and drugs; however, these studies lack information on the morphological or physiological responses that may occur after prolonged exposure to a cardiotoxic compound. In this review, we focus on recent advances in chronic cardiotoxicity assays using hiPSC-CMs. We summarize recently published literature on hiPSC-CMs assays applied to chronic cardiotoxicity induced by anticancer agents, as well as non-cancer classes of drugs, including antibiotics, anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) and antidiabetic drugs. We then review publications on the implementation of hiPSC-CMs-based assays to investigate the effects of non-pharmaceutical cardiotoxicants, such as environmental chemicals or chronic alcohol consumption. We also highlight studies demonstrating the chronic effects of smoking and implementation of hiPSC-CMs to perform genomic screens and metabolomics-based biomarker assay development. The acceptance and wide implementation of hiPSC-CMs-based assays for chronic cardiotoxicity assessment will require multi-site standardization of assay protocols, chronic cardiac maturity marker reproducibility, time points optimization, minimal cellular variation (commercial vs. lab reprogrammed), stringent and matched controls and close clinical setting resemblance. A comprehensive investigation of long-term repeated exposure-induced effects on both the structure and function of cardiomyocytes can provide mechanistic insights and recapitulate drug and environmental cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Narkar
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - James M. Willard
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | - Ksenia Blinova
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Müller TD, Blüher M, Tschöp MH, DiMarchi RD. Anti-obesity drug discovery: advances and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:201-223. [PMID: 34815532 PMCID: PMC8609996 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 195.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Enormous progress has been made in the last half-century in the management of diseases closely integrated with excess body weight, such as hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and elevated cholesterol. However, the treatment of obesity itself has proven largely resistant to therapy, with anti-obesity medications (AOMs) often delivering insufficient efficacy and dubious safety. Here, we provide an overview of the history of AOM development, focusing on lessons learned and ongoing obstacles. Recent advances, including increased understanding of the molecular gut-brain communication, are inspiring the pursuit of next-generation AOMs that appear capable of safely achieving sizeable and sustained body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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Kaagaard MD, Matos LO, Holm AE, Gomes LC, Wegener A, Lima KO, Vieira IV, de Souza RM, Marinho CRF, Hviid L, Vestergaard LS, Dominguez H, Biering-Sørensen T, Silvestre OM, Brainin P. Frequency of Electrocardiographic Alterations and Pericardial Effusion in Patients With Uncomplicated Malaria. Am J Cardiol 2022; 165:116-123. [PMID: 34906368 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies have proposed that malaria may lead to electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and pericardial inflammation. We aimed to investigate the frequency of ECG alterations, determined by ECG and Holter monitoring, and pericardial effusion in patients with malaria infection. We performed a prospective observational study of adult patients with uncomplicated malaria in Amazonas, Brazil. Peripheral blood smears, ECG, and bedside echocardiography were conducted before antimalarial treatment and repeated at follow-up after completed treatment. We evaluated the diagnostic value of PR-segment depression, PR-segment elevation, and Spodick's sign for detecting pericardial effusion. A subset of patients underwent Holter monitoring at baseline. Among 98 cases of uncomplicated malaria (55% men; mean age 40 years; median parasite density 1,774/µl), 75 had Plasmodium vivax, 22 Plasmodium falciparum, and 1 had mixed infection. At baseline, 17% (n = 17) had PR-segment depression, 12% (n = 12) PR-segment elevation, 3% (n = 2) Spodick's sign, and the prevalence of pericardial effusion was 9% (n = 9). ECG alterations had sensitivities of 22% to 89% and specificities of 88% to 100% for detecting pericardial effusion at baseline. PR-segment depression had the best accuracy (sensitivity 89%, specificity 90%). Of the 25 patients, 4 patients who did not have pericardial effusion, displayed nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, determined by Holter monitoring (median duration 43 hours). Follow-up examination data were obtained for 71 patients (median 31 days), for whom PR-segment depression, elevation, and pericardial effusion had reduced significantly (p <0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that ECG alterations may be useful to detect pericardial effusion in malaria and that these findings decrease after completed antimalarial treatment.
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Chapman L, Tahir I, Sheriff N, Colwell N. Amphetamine-induced cardiomyopathy complicated by embolic stroke: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2022; 6:ytac044. [PMID: 35233494 PMCID: PMC8874818 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Amphetamine use causes cardiomyopathy via catecholamine-mediated effects such
as tachycardia, hypertension, vasoconstriction, and direct cardio-toxic
effects. Traditionally, an increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke is
associated with amphetamine use. However, up to one-third of
stimulant-associated cardiomyopathy patients have left ventricular (LV)
thrombus formation leading to an increased risk of systemic embolization. We
report a case of amphetamine-induced cardiomyopathy complicated by embolic
stroke secondary to LV thrombus. Case summary A 38-year-old man with 6-month history of sustained amphetamine use presented
to the emergency department with left-sided weakness, facial droop, and
dysarthria. Angiography confirmed right middle cerebral artery thrombus.
Prompt mechanical thrombectomy yielded full neurological recovery. Dyspnoea
prompted transthoracic echocardiography showing dilated cardiomyopathy with
an ejection fraction of 5% and LV thrombus. Anticoagulation was
initiated with warfarin as well as pharmacological therapy for heart failure
with reduced ejection fraction including bisoprolol, spironolactone, loop
diuretic, and sacubitril/valsartan. He was discharged successfully following
resolution of ventricular thrombus and medical management of heart failure.
Clinical recovery was hampered by psychosocial factors resulting in
non-adherence to medical therapy and continued amphetamine use. Conclusion Sustained amphetamine use can result in severe dilated cardiomyopathy with LV
thrombus formation and embolic complications such as ischaemic stroke.
Avoidance of amphetamines in conjunction with guideline-directed
pharmacological management are key components of therapy. However,
psychosocial factors can exert significant influence on recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Chapman
- South Tipperary General Hospital, Clonmel, Ireland
| | - Ismail Tahir
- South Tipperary General Hospital, Clonmel, Ireland
| | - Neha Sheriff
- South Tipperary General Hospital, Clonmel, Ireland
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Salabei JK, Asnake ZT, Ismail ZH, Charles K, Stanger GT, Abdullahi AH, Abraham AT, Okonoboh P. COVID-19 and the Cardiovascular System: An Update. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:139-147. [PMID: 35151635 PMCID: PMC8830924 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As COVID-19 continues to cause an increasing number of deaths worldwide, it is important that providers stay abreast with new research related to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease presentation states and clinical management. It is now well recognized that COVID-19 affects extrapulmonary organs, particularly the cardiovascular system. For example, cardiogenic shock has been increasingly observed in patients with COVID-19, owing to the various mechanisms involved and the affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to cells comprising the cardiovascular system. In this review, we have briefly discussed the link between the cardiovascular system and COVID-19 infection, focusing on underlying mechanisms including but not limited to cytokine storm, direct virus-induced myocarditis, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction leading to cardiogenic shock. We have highlighted the cardiovascular risk factors associated with disease prognostication in COVID-19 patients. We have also briefly discussed vasopressors and inotropes used for treating shock and presented their mechanism of action, contraindications, and side effects in the hopes of providing a quick reference to help the provider optimize management of COVID-19 patients presenting with cardiovascular complications such as shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Salabei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida School of Medicine/North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Zekarias T Asnake
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida School of Medicine/North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Zeeshan H Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida School of Medicine/North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Kipson Charles
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida School of Medicine/North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Gregory-Thomas Stanger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida School of Medicine/North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Abdullahi H Abdullahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida School of Medicine/North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Andrew T Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida School of Medicine/North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, USA
| | - Peters Okonoboh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida School of Medicine/North Florida Regional Medical Center, Gainesville, USA
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From organ-on-chip to body-on-chip: The next generation of microfluidics platforms for in vitro drug efficacy and toxicity testing. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:41-91. [PMID: 35094781 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The high failure rate in drug development is often attributed to the lack of accurate pre-clinical models that may lead to false discoveries and inconclusive data when the compounds are eventually tested in clinical phase. With the evolution of cell culture technologies, drug testing systems have widely improved, and today, with the emergence of microfluidics devices, drug screening seems to be at the dawn of an important revolution. An organ-on-chip allows the culture of living cells in continuously perfused microchambers to reproduce physiological functions of a particular tissue or organ. The advantages of such systems are not only their ability to recapitulate the complex biochemical interactions between different human cell types but also to incorporate physical forces, including shear stress and mechanical stretching or compression. To improve this model, and to reproduce the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination process of an exogenous compound, organ-on-chips can even be linked fluidically to mimic physiological interactions between different organs, leading to the development of body-on-chips. Although these technologies are still at a young age and need to address a certain number of limitations, they already demonstrated their relevance to study the effect of drugs or toxins on organs, displaying a similar response to what is observed in vivo. The purpose of this review is to present the evolution from organ-on-chip to body-on-chip, examine their current use for drug testing and discuss their advantages and future challenges they will face in order to become an essential pillar of pharmaceutical research.
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Khat, a Cultural Chewing Drug: A Toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic Summary. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020071. [PMID: 35202099 PMCID: PMC8875844 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Khat (Catha edulis) is a recreational, chewed herbal drug that has been used as a psychostimulant for centuries in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, namely in Somalia, Ethiopia, and Yemen. However, the growing worldwide availability of khat has produced widespread concern. The plant comprises a large number of active substances, among which cathinone, cathine, and norephedrine are the main constituents, which can be included in the group of sympathomimetics of natural origin. In fact, these compounds are amphetamine analogues, and, as such, they have amphetamine-like nervous system stimulant effects. Chewing the leaves gives people a sensation of well-being and increases energy, alertness, and self-confidence. The chronic use of khat is, however, associated with severe cardiac, neurological, psychological, and gastrointestinal complications. The psychological dependence and withdrawal symptoms of khat are the reasons for its prolonged use. The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on the khat plant with toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic perspectives. Namely, this review paper addresses in vitro, in vivo, and human studies. The models used, as well as the concentrations and doses with the respective biological effects, are discussed. Additionally, the main drug interactions involved with khat are described.
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Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
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Kim Y, Oh S, Fadel PJ, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG. Trends of Substance Use among Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease in the United States, 2015-2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010577. [PMID: 35010837 PMCID: PMC8744837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the adverse effects of substance use on health among individuals with preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD), little is known about trends and correlates for substance use among individuals with CVD. We examined trends of use in tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis among US adults with heart disease. Using nationally representative data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 7339), we conducted survey-adjusted logistic regression analyses to test the significance of trends in substance use while controlling for sociodemographic factors and related correlates. Results showed that the prevalence of cannabis use among adults with a heart condition significantly increased. Notably, the prevalence of cannabis use increased by 91% among non-Hispanic Whites, while the increasing trends were not present among other racial/ethnic groups. Our results also showed that increase in cannabis use was associated with easier access, lower disapproval, and risk perceptions of cannabis. Special attention is needed to raise awareness of the risk associated with cannabis use among individuals with CVD and the implementation of an early screening and treatment strategy among those with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-272-3185
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Paul J. Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA;
| | | | - Michael G. Vaughn
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
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Pondugula SR, Harshan A, Ramesh S, Govindarajulu M, Almaghrabi M, Majrashi M, Abbott KL, Nadar R, Alturki M, Salamat JM, Smith F, Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Moore T, Ren J, Dhanasekaran M. Cardioprotective Effects of Oroxylum indicum Extract Against Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:67-77. [PMID: 34623620 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Administration of Chemotherapeutics, especially doxorubicin (DOX) and cyclophosphamide (CPS), is commonly associated with adverse effects such as myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity. At this time, few approved therapeutic options are currently available for the management of chemotherapy-associated cardiotoxicity. Thus, identification of novel therapeutics with potent cardioprotective properties and minimal adverse effects are pertinent in treating Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity. Oroxylum indicum extract (OIE, Sabroxy®) is a natural product known to possess several beneficial biological functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. We therefore set to investigate the cardioprotective effects of OIE against Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity and explore the potential cardioprotective mechanisms involved. Adult male mice were treated with DOX and CPS in combination, OIE alone, or a combination of OIE and DOX & CPS. Swimming test was performed to assess cardiac function. Markers of oxidative stress were assessed by levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, catalase, and glutathione content. The activity of interleukin converting enzyme and cyclooxygenase was determined as markers of inflammation. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring Complex-I activity. Apoptosis was assessed by Caspase-3 and protease activity. Mice treated with DOX and CPS exhibited reduced swim rate, increased oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and apoptosis in the heart tissue. These cardiotoxic effects were significantly reduced by co-administration of OIE. Furthermore, computational molecular docking studies revealed potential binding of DOX and CPS to tyrosine hydroxylase which validated our in vivo findings regarding the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Our current findings indicated that OIE counteracts Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity-through inhibition of ROS-mediated apoptosis and by blocking the effect on tyrosine hydroxylase. Taken together, our findings suggested that OIE possesses cardioprotective effects to counteract potentially fatal cardiac complications associated with chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Aisha Harshan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Sindhu Ramesh
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mohammed Almaghrabi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23881, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mansour Alturki
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Julia M Salamat
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Forrest Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, NJ, 08520, USA
| | | | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Dominic P, Ahmad J, Awwab H, Bhuiyan MS, Kevil CG, Goeders NE, Murnane KS, Patterson JC, Sandau KE, Gopinathannair R, Olshansky B. Stimulant Drugs of Abuse and Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2022; 15:e010273. [PMID: 34961335 PMCID: PMC8766923 DOI: 10.1161/circep.121.010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonmedical use of prescription and nonprescription drugs is a worldwide epidemic, rapidly growing in magnitude with deaths because of overdose and chronic use. A vast majority of these drugs are stimulants that have various effects on the cardiovascular system including the cardiac rhythm. Drugs, like cocaine and methamphetamine, have measured effects on the conduction system and through several direct and indirect pathways, utilizing multiple second messenger systems, change the structural and electrical substrate of the heart, thereby promoting cardiac dysrhythmias. Substituted amphetamines and cocaine affect the expression and activation kinetics of multiple ion channels and calcium signaling proteins resulting in EKG changes, and atrial and ventricular brady and tachyarrhythmias. Preexisting conditions cause substrate changes in the heart, which decrease the threshold for such drug-induced cardiac arrhythmias. The treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in patients who take drugs of abuse may be specialized and will require an understanding of the unique underlying mechanisms and necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. The use of primary or secondary prevention defibrillators in drug abusers with chronic systolic heart failure is both sensitive and controversial. This review provides a broad overview of cardiac arrhythmias associated with stimulant substance abuse and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paari Dominic
- Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA
| | - Javaria Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA
| | - Hajra Awwab
- Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA
| | - Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Christopher G. Kevil
- Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - Nicholas E. Goeders
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA
| | - Kevin S. Murnane
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | - James C. Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA
| | | | - Rakesh Gopinathannair
- The Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute (KCHRI) & Research Foundation, Overland Park Regional Medical Center, Overland Park, KS
| | - Brian Olshansky
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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Ullah R, Shiraz A, Bahadur S, Shireen F. Frequency of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Presenting With Decompensated Heart Failure. Cureus 2021; 13:e20594. [PMID: 35103170 PMCID: PMC8782633 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common concern in patients with heart disease, especially those with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the frequency of AF and associated risk factors among patients with ADHF at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study of hospitalized patients with ADHF treated in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, from June 5 to October 30, 2021. The study's primary outcome was the proportion of patients with ADHF who had AF, and our secondary outcome was examining the risk factors for AF. The College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan provided ethical approval of the study design. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). We applied the chi-square test to compare the proportion of AF concerning risk factors (i.e., comorbidities). Results One hundred ninety-four patients with ADHF were included in the study; 54.6% were male and 45.4% female. Most (56.7%) were older than 60, and 38.1% were aged 40-60. The prevalence of AF was 38.1%. Diabetes, hypertension, previous stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were the most common comorbidities. All patients with ADHF with AF also had MI and hypertension. Patients of known coronary artery disease (CAD) but without MI, previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were less associated with AF than other comorbidities. Conclusions We conducted this study to determine the incidence of AF among patients with ADHF. AF occurs in a significant amount of patients with ADHF, and the risk factors associated with AF in these patients include hypertension, history of MI, diabetes, and COPD. Healthcare professionals should screen patients with ADHF for AF, especially those with common risk factors.
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83
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Greenwald MK, Lundahl LH, Shkokani LA, Syed S, Roxas RS, Levy PD. Effects of cocaine and/or heroin use on resting cardiovascular function. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2021; 11:200123. [PMID: 34927171 PMCID: PMC8652009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2021.200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Regular cocaine and/or heroin use is associated with major health risks, especially cardiovascular disease, but confounded by other factors. We examined effects of chronic (years regular use) and recent (past-month) cocaine and heroin use, controlling for other factors, on resting cardiovascular function. Methods In a sample of 292 cocaine and/or heroin users, we assessed demographics, body mass index (BMI), substance use history, electrocardiogram, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). Three-block (1: demographics, BMI; 2: tobacco, alcohol, cannabis; 3: cocaine, heroin) regression analyses were conducted to predict cardiovascular measures. Results Higher BMI predicted increased systolic and diastolic BP (as did older age), increased supine HR, and longer QRS duration, QTc interval, PR interval, and P-wave duration. Past-month cannabis-use days predicted higher systolic BP, lower supine HR, and greater likelihood of early repolarization and ST elevation; average daily cannabis use predicted shorter QTc interval. Average daily alcohol use predicted higher diastolic BP, higher supine HR and lower likelihood of sinus bradycardia (HR < 60 bpm). Past-month tobacco-use days predicted shorter QTc interval and lower lower likelihood of profound bradycardia (HR < 50 bpm). Past-month heroin-use days predicted lower seated HR, greater likelihood of sinus bradycardia and lower likelihood of left ventricular hypertrophy. More years of regular cocaine use and past-month cocaine-use days predicted longer QTc interval. Conclusions Cocaine and heroin use incrementally predicted modest variance in resting bradycardia and QTc interval. Clinicians should first consider demographics and recent use of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis before assuming cocaine and heroin affect these measures.
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Schmid C, Abi-Gerges N, Leitner MG, Zellner D, Rast G. Ion Channel Expression and Electrophysiology of Singular Human (Primary and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived) Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2021; 10:3370. [PMID: 34943878 PMCID: PMC8699770 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtype-specific human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are promising tools, e.g., to assess the potential of drugs to cause chronotropic effects (nodal hiPSC-CMs), atrial fibrillation (atrial hiPSC-CMs), or ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular hiPSC-CMs). We used single-cell patch-clamp reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to clarify the composition of the iCell cardiomyocyte population (Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics, Madison, WI, USA) and to compare it with atrial and ventricular Pluricytes (Ncardia, Charleroi, Belgium) and primary human atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. The comparison of beating and non-beating iCell cardiomyocytes did not support the presence of true nodal, atrial, and ventricular cells in this hiPSC-CM population. The comparison of atrial and ventricular Pluricytes with primary human cardiomyocytes showed trends, indicating the potential to derive more subtype-specific hiPSC-CM models using appropriate differentiation protocols. Nevertheless, the single-cell phenotypes of the majority of the hiPSC-CMs showed a combination of attributes which may be interpreted as a mixture of traits of adult cardiomyocyte subtypes: (i) nodal: spontaneous action potentials and high HCN4 expression and (ii) non-nodal: prominent INa-driven fast inward current and high expression of SCN5A. This may hamper the interpretation of the drug effects on parameters depending on a combination of ionic currents, such as beat rate. However, the proven expression of specific ion channels supports the evaluation of the drug effects on ionic currents in a more realistic cardiomyocyte environment than in recombinant non-cardiomyocyte systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schmid
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany; (M.G.L.); (G.R.)
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Michael Georg Leitner
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany; (M.G.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Dietmar Zellner
- Non-Clinical Statistics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany
| | - Georg Rast
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany; (M.G.L.); (G.R.)
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85
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Profiro de Oliveira JH, Arruda IES, Izak Ribeiro de Araújo J, Chaves LL, de La Rocca Soares MF, Soares-Sobrinho JL. Why do few drug delivery systems to combat neglected tropical diseases reach the market? An analysis from the technology's stages. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 32:89-114. [PMID: 34424127 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1970746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many drugs used to combat schistosomiasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis (SCL) have clinical limitations such as: high toxicity to the liver, kidneys and spleen; reproductive, gastrointestinal, and heart disorders; teratogenicity. In this sense, drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been described in the literature as a viable option for overcoming the limitations of these drugs. An analysis of the level of development (TRL) of patents can help in determine the steps that must be taken for promising technologies to reach the market. AREAS COVERED This study aimed to analyze the stage of development of DDSs for the treatment of SCL described in patents. In addition, we try to understand the main reasons why many DDSs do not reach the market. In this study, we examined DDSs for drugs indicated by WHO and treatment of SCL, by performing a search for patents. EXPERT OPINION In this present work we provide arguments that support the hypothesis that there is a lack of integration between academia and industry to finance and continue research, especially the development of clinical studies. We cite the translational research consortia as the potential alternative for developing DDSs to combat NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luise Lopes Chaves
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Recife-Pernambuco
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86
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Tuet WY, Pierce SA, Racine MC, Stone S, Pueblo E, Dukes A, Tressler J, Jennings L, McCranor BJ, Wong B. Cardiopulmonary effects of phosphine poisoning: A preliminary evaluation of milrinone. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 427:115652. [PMID: 34298059 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to phosphine (PH3) presents with a host of diverse, non-specific symptoms that span multiple organ systems and is characterized by a high mortality rate. While a comprehensive mechanism for PH3 poisoning remains inconclusive, prior studies have implicated cardiac failure and circulatory compromise as potential pathways central to PH3-induced mortality. In this study, milrinone (MLR), a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor used to treat cardiac failure, was investigated as a potential countermeasure for PH3 poisoning. Lethality, physiological responses, and behavioral changes were evaluated in telemetrized female rats pretreated with water (sham) or one of three doses of MLR (40, 200, or 600 μg/kg) and exposed to PH3 (660 ppm for 25-40 min; 16,500-26,400 ppm × min). Animals receiving prophylactic administration of 600 μg/kg of MLR had nominally improved survivability compared to sham animals, although median lethal concentration-time and time of death did not differ substantially between treatment groups. Changes in respiration and behavior induced by PH3 appeared largely unaffected by MLR pretreatment, regardless of dose. Conversely, MLR pretreatment alleviated some aspects of PH3-induced cardiac function impairment, with slight dose-dependent effects observed for cardiac contractility, mean arterial pressure, and QRS duration. Together, these results illustrate the importance of circulatory compromise in PH3 poisoning and highlight the potential viability of MLR as a potential countermeasure option or part of a countermeasure regimen when administered prophylactically at 600 μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Y Tuet
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Samuel A Pierce
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Michelle C Racine
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Samuel Stone
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Erin Pueblo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Aliyah Dukes
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Justin Tressler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Laura Jennings
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Bryan J McCranor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA
| | - Benjamin Wong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA.
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87
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Sessa F, Esposito M, Messina G, Di Mizio G, Di Nunno N, Salerno M. Sudden Death in Adults: A Practical Flow Chart for Pathologist Guidance. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:870. [PMID: 34356248 PMCID: PMC8307931 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The medico-legal term "sudden death (SD)" refers to those deaths that are not preceded by significant symptoms. SD in apparently healthy individuals (newborn through to adults) represents a challenge for medical examiners, law enforcement officers, and society as a whole. This review aims to introduce a useful flowchart that should be applied in all cases of SD. Particularly, this flowchart mixes the data obtained through an up-to-date literature review and a revision of the latest version of guidelines for autopsy investigation of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in order to support medico-legal investigation. In light of this review, following the suggested flowchart step-by-step, the forensic pathologist will be able to apply all the indications of the scientific community to real cases. Moreover, it will be possible to answer all questions relative to SD, such as: death may be attributable to cardiac disease or to other causes, the nature of the cardiac disease (defining whether the mechanism was arrhythmic or mechanical), whether the condition causing SD may be inherited (with subsequent genetic counseling), the assumption of toxic or illicit drugs, traumas, and other unnatural causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Esposito
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy; (M.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giulio Di Mizio
- Forensic Medicine, Department of Law, Economy and Sociology, Campus “S. Venuta”, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Nunzio Di Nunno
- Department of History, Society and Studies on Humanity, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy; (M.E.); (M.S.)
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Elkattawy S, Alyacoub R, Al-Nassarei A, Younes I, Ayad S, Habib M. Cocaine induced heart failure: report and literature review. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2021; 11:547-550. [PMID: 34211666 PMCID: PMC8221130 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2021.1926614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome associated with high mortality and morbidity, creating a major public healthcare problem. It has a variety of etiologies, including substance abuse. Cocaine-induced cardiotoxicity is caused by direct effects of inhibition of sodium channels and indirect effects by inhibiting catecholamine uptake leading to increased sympathetic activity. Management is through the cessation of cocaine use and implantation of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure with the exception of beta-blockers as their safe usage is still controversial due to the risk of the unopposed alpha-adrenergic activity. Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) and Benzodiazepines (i.e., midazolam) are options for patients that demonstrate signs and symptoms of acute cocaine intoxication. If the actions of benzodiazepines fail to achieve hemodynamic stability, nitroglycerin may be used (especially in patients with cocaine-associated chest pain and hypertension). Cardiac transplantation is recommended for those who have demonstrated severe cardiovascular disease from cocaine. We present a 43-year-old male with a long-standing history of cocaine use who developed cardiomyopathy and severe acute decompensated heart failure found to have an ejection fraction of <20% admitted to the intensive care unit. He required inotropic support with milrinone and mechanical ventilation. He was later extubated and then discharged with an outpatient evaluation for a cardiac transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Elkattawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical Center Program, Elizabeth, NJ, USA
| | - Ramez Alyacoub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical Center Program, Elizabeth, NJ, USA
| | - Abraham Al-Nassarei
- Internal Medicine, St George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Islam Younes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical Center Program, Elizabeth, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah Ayad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School/Trinitas Regional Medical Center Program, Elizabeth, NJ, USA
| | - Mirette Habib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ, USA
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Eweida SM, Salem A, Shaker YM, Samy N, Yassen I, Mohamed RH. Vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor genetic variants in Egyptian cardiovascular disease patients with and without diabetes. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
25-Hydroxyvitamin D (Vit.D) levels associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may vary according to genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. However, the existing results are not conclusive in the Egyptian population, where diabetes mellitus is a common CVD risk factor. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of VDR polymorphism in Egyptian patients with CVD by studying the association of the rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene and serum levels of Vit.D with several CVD risk factors in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. We studied the genotypes for rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI) SNPs of the VDR gene in 382 Egyptian patients (120 CVD patients with diabetes, 124 CVD patients without diabetes, 69 diabetic patients without CVD and 69 healthy individuals). We also determined the serum levels of Vit.D, insulin, lipids, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and the body mass index (BMI).
Results
The distribution of genotypes and allelic frequencies of the rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI) SNPs of the VDR gene was significant in CVD patients (p < 0.001). The level of Vit.D was significantly lower in patients with CVD and diabetes compared to those without diabetes (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant association between Vit.D level and the selected SNPs with serum lipids, BMI, FBG, and insulin levels in CVD patients with or without diabetes.
Conclusion
The level of Vit.D and the distribution of VDR polymorphisms are associated with risk of CVD in Egyptian patients with or without diabetes. These results suggest that VDR polymorphisms may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for CVD susceptibility.
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90
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Guo F, Hall AR, Tape CJ, Ling S, Pointon A. Intra- and intercellular signaling pathways associated with drug-induced cardiac pathophysiology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:675-687. [PMID: 34092416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac physiology and homeostasis are maintained by the interaction of multiple cell types, via both intra- and intercellular signaling pathways. Perturbations in these signaling pathways induced by oncology therapies can reduce cardiac function, ultimately leading to heart failure. As cancer survival increases, related cardiovascular complications are becoming increasingly prevalent, thus identifying the perturbations and cell signaling drivers of cardiotoxicity is increasingly important. Here, we discuss the homotypic and heterotypic cellular interactions that form the basis of intra- and intercellular cardiac signaling pathways, and how oncological agents disrupt these pathways, leading to heart failure. We also highlight the emerging systems biology techniques that can be applied, enabling a deeper understanding of the intra- and intercellular signaling pathways across multiple cell types associated with cardiovascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK; Cell Communication Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Andrew R Hall
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J Tape
- Cell Communication Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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Manigandan A, Amruthavarshini R P, Sethuraman S, Subramanian A. Self-Standing Photo-Crosslinked Hydrogel Construct: in vitro Microphysiological Vascular Model. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:335-347. [PMID: 34058730 DOI: 10.1159/000514986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling of the human vascular microphysiological system (MPS) has gained attention due to precise prediction of drug response and toxicity during drug screening process. Developing a physiologically equivalent vascular MPS still remains complex as it demands the recapitulation of dynamic structural and biological microenvironment similar to native vasculature. Hence, an ideal MPS would involve developing perfusable 3D in vitro models with multilayered human vascular cells encapsulated in a matrix to regulate the vascular tone resembling the native. Several attempts to model such anatomically accurate physiological and pathological blood vessels often fail to harmonize the essential vascular microenvironment. For instance, conventional microfluidic-based approaches employed for vascular MPS, though offering creation of perfusable channel, do not replicate the vascular hierarchical cellular arrangement due to planar geometry and confluent monolayered cell seeding. Also, recent advances with 3D biofabrication strategies are still limited by fabrication of small-diameter constructs and scalability besides post-processing techniques that indirectly distort the structural integrity of the hydrogel tubular constructs. These existing limitations toward fabricating a relevant vascular MPS demand a facile and mechanically stable construct. Hence, the present study is aimed toward developing a stable viable self-standing perfusable hydrogel construct by a rapid and scalable strategy toward vascular MPS application. The fabricated tubular constructs were found to be structurally stable with end-to-end perfusability exhibiting their potential as self-standing perfusable structures. Also, the construct exhibited nonhemolytic behavior with perfusion of red blood cells inside the luminal channel. The present study evidences creation of a dual-crosslinked stable, viable self-standing hydrogel construct with multilayered homogenous distribution of viable smooth muscle cells throughout the construct, thereby demonstrating its applicability as a promising 3D in vitro vascular microphysiological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Manigandan
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing Lab, Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethy Amruthavarshini R
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing Lab, Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing Lab, Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing Lab, Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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92
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Kadioglu O, Klauck SM, Fleischer E, Shan L, Efferth T. Selection of safe artemisinin derivatives using a machine learning-based cardiotoxicity platform and in vitro and in vivo validation. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2485-2495. [PMID: 34021777 PMCID: PMC8241674 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of drug candidates fails the approval phase due to unwanted toxicities and side effects. Establishment of an effective toxicity prediction platform is of utmost importance, to increase the efficiency of the drug discovery process. For this purpose, we developed a toxicity prediction platform with machine-learning strategies. Cardiotoxicity prediction was performed by establishing a model with five parameters (arrhythmia, cardiac failure, heart block, hypertension, myocardial infarction) and additional toxicity predictions such as hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, mutagenicity, and tumorigenicity are performed by using Data Warrior and Pro-Tox-II software. As a case study, we selected artemisinin derivatives to evaluate the platform and to provide a list of safe artemisinin derivatives. Artemisinin from Artemisia annua was described first as an anti-malarial compound and later its anticancer properties were discovered. Here, random forest feature selection algorithm was used for the establishment of cardiotoxicity models. High AUC scores above 0.830 were achieved for all five cardiotoxicity indications. Using a chemical library of 374 artemisinin derivatives as a case study, 7 compounds (deoxydihydro-artemisinin, 3-hydroxy-deoxy-dihydroartemisinin, 3-desoxy-dihydroartemisinin, dihydroartemisinin-furano acetate-d3, deoxyartemisinin, artemisinin G, artemisinin B) passed the toxicity filtering process for hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, and reproductive toxicity in addition to cardiotoxicity. Experimental validation with the cardiomyocyte cell line AC16 supported the findings from the in silico cardiotoxicity model predictions. Transcriptomic profiling of AC16 cells upon artemisinin B treatment revealed a similar gene expression profile as that of the control compound, dexrazoxane. In vivo experiments with a Zebrafish model further substantiated the in silico and in vitro data, as only slight cardiotoxicity in picomolar range was observed. In conclusion, our machine-learning approach combined with in vitro and in vivo experimentation represents a suitable method to predict cardiotoxicity of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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93
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Askari Rizvi SF, Zhang H. Emerging trends of receptor-mediated tumor targeting peptides: A review with perspective from molecular imaging modalities. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113538. [PMID: 34022717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural peptides extracted from natural components such are known to have a relatively short in-vivo half-life and can readily metabolize by endo- and exo-peptidases. Fortunately, synthetic peptides can be easily manipulated to increase in-vivo stability, membrane permeability and target specificity with some well-known natural families. Many natural as well as synthetic peptides target to their endogenous receptors for diagnosis and therapeutic applications. In order to detect these peptides externally, they must be modified with radionuclides compatible with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET). Although, these techniques mainly rely on physiological changes and have profound diagnostic strength over anatomical modalities such as MRI and CT. However, both SPECT and PET observed to possess lack of anatomical reference frame which is a key weakness of these techniques, and unfortunately, cannot be available freely in most clinical centres especially in under-developing countries. Hence, it is need of the time to design and develop economic, patient friendly and versatile strategies to grapple with existing problems without any hazardous side effects. Optical molecular imaging (OMI) has emerged as a novel technique in field of medical science using fluorescent probes as imaging modality and has ability to couple with organic drugs, small molecules, chemotherapeutics, DNA, RNA, anticancer peptide and protein without adding chelators as necessary for radionuclides. Furthermore, this review focuses on difference in imaging modalities and provides ample knowledge about reliable, economic and patient friendly optical imaging technique rather radionuclide-based imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
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94
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Modeling Precision Cardio-Oncology: Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Risk Stratification and Prevention. Curr Oncol Rep 2021; 23:77. [PMID: 33937943 PMCID: PMC8088904 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-021-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Cardiovascular toxicity is a leading cause of mortality among cancer survivors and has become increasingly prevalent due to improved cancer survival rates. In this review, we synthesize evidence illustrating how common cancer therapeutic agents, such as anthracyclines, human epidermal growth factors receptors (HER2) monoclonal antibodies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), have been evaluated in cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to understand the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity. We place this in the context of precision cardio-oncology, an emerging concept for personalizing the prevention and management of cardiovascular toxicities from cancer therapies, accounting for each individual patient’s unique factors. We outline steps that will need to be addressed by multidisciplinary teams of cardiologists and oncologists in partnership with regulators to implement future applications of hiPSCs in precision cardio-oncology. Recent Findings Current prevention of cardiovascular toxicity involves routine screenings and management of modifiable risk factors for cancer patients, as well as the initiation of cardioprotective medications. Despite recent advancements in precision cardio-oncology, knowledge gaps remain and limit our ability to appropriately predict with precision which patients will develop cardiovascular toxicity. Investigations using patient-specific CMs facilitate pharmacological discovery, mechanistic toxicity studies, and the identification of cardioprotective pathways. Studies with hiPSCs demonstrate that patients with comorbidities have more frequent adverse responses, compared to their counterparts without cardiac disease. Further studies utilizing hiPSC modeling should be considered, to evaluate the impact and mitigation of known cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, diabetes, and physical activity in their role in cardiovascular toxicity after cancer therapy. Future real-world applications will depend on understanding the current use of hiPSC modeling in order for oncologists and cardiologists together to inform their potential to improve our clinical collaborative practice in cardio-oncology. Summary When applying such in vitro characterization, it is hypothesized that a safety score can be assigned to each individual to determine who has a greater probability of developing cardiovascular toxicity. Using hiPSCs to create personalized models and ultimately evaluate the cardiovascular toxicity of individuals’ treatments may one day lead to more patient-specific treatment plans in precision cardio-oncology while reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality.
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95
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Riley ED, Chow FC, Josephson SA, Dilworth SE, Lynch KL, Wade AN, Braun C, Hess CP. Cocaine Use and White Matter Hyperintensities in Homeless and Unstably Housed Women. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105675. [PMID: 33677311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cocaine use has been linked to stroke in several studies. However, few studies have considered the influence of cocaine use on stroke mechanisms such as small vessel disease (SVD). We conducted a study to assess associations between the toxicology-confirmed use of multiple drugs, including cocaine, and a marker of SVD, white matter hyperintensities (WMH). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study (n = 30) within a larger cohort study (N = 245) of homeless and unstably housed women recruited from San Francisco community venues. Participants completed six monthly study visits consisting of an interview, blood draw, vital sign assessment and baseline brain MRI. We examined associations between toxicology-confirmed use of multiple substances, including cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, alcohol and tobacco, and WMH identified on MRI. RESULTS Mean study participant age was 53 years, 70% of participants were ethnic minority women and 86% had a history of cocaine use. Brain MRIs indicated the presence of WMH (i.e., Fazekas score>0) in 54% (18/30) of imaged participants. The odds of WMH were significantly higher in women who were toxicology-positive for cocaine (Odd Ratio=7.58, p=0.01), but not in women who were toxicology-positive for other drugs or had several other cerebrovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Over half of homeless and unstably housed women showed evidence of WMH. Cocaine use is highly prevalent and a significant correlate of WMH in this population, while several traditional CVD risk factors are not. Including cocaine use in cerebrovascular risk calculators may improve stroke risk prediction in high-risk populations and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise D Riley
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, 1001 Potrero Ave., UCSF Mailbox 0874, San Francisco 94143-0874, CA, USA.
| | - Felicia C Chow
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, 1001 Potrero Ave., UCSF Mailbox 0874, San Francisco 94143-0874, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - S Andrew Josephson
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Samantha E Dilworth
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, 1001 Potrero Ave., UCSF Mailbox 0874, San Francisco 94143-0874, CA, USA.
| | - Kara L Lynch
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Amanda N Wade
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, 1001 Potrero Ave., UCSF Mailbox 0874, San Francisco 94143-0874, CA, USA.
| | - Carl Braun
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, 1001 Potrero Ave., UCSF Mailbox 0874, San Francisco 94143-0874, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher P Hess
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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96
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Ciernikova S, Mego M, Chovanec M. Exploring the Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome in Chemotherapy-Induced Neurocognitive Disorders and Cardiovascular Toxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:782. [PMID: 33668518 PMCID: PMC7918783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, targeting not only malignant but also healthy cells, causes many undesirable side effects in cancer patients. Due to this fact, long-term cancer survivors often suffer from late effects, including cognitive impairment and cardiovascular toxicity. Chemotherapy damages the intestinal mucosa and heavily disrupts the gut ecosystem, leading to gastrointestinal toxicity. Animal models and clinical studies have revealed the associations between intestinal dysbiosis and depression, anxiety, pain, impaired cognitive functions, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, a possible link between chemotherapy-induced gut microbiota disruption and late effects in cancer survivors has been proposed. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of preclinical and clinical findings regarding the emerging role of the microbiome and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in chemotherapy-related late effects affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and heart functions. Importantly, we provide an overview of clinical trials evaluating the relationship between the gut microbiome and cancer survivorship. Moreover, the beneficial effects of probiotics in experimental models and non-cancer patients with neurocognitive disorders and cardiovascular diseases as well as several studies on microbiota modulations via probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation in cancer patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava and National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava and National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (M.C.)
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97
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Ling X, Yan Z, Wu D, Liu J, Lu G. Effects of Nanoplastics and Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane on Early Zebrafish Embryos Identified by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1885-1896. [PMID: 33445878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics with small particle sizes and high surface area/volume ratios easily absorb environmental pollutants and affect their bioavailability. In this study, polystyrene nanoplastic beads (PS-NPBs) with a particle size of 100 nm and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) sunscreen in personal-care products were chosen as target pollutants to study their developmental toxicity and interactive effects on zebrafish embryos. The exposure period was set from 2 to 12 h postfertilization (hpf). BMDBM and PS-NPBs significantly upregulated genes related to antioxidant enzymes and downregulated the gene expression of aromatase and DNA methyltransferases, but the influenced genes were not exactly the same. The combined exposure reduced the adverse effects on the expression of all genes. With the help of the single-cell RNA sequencing technology, neural mid cells were identified as the target cells of both pollutants, and brain development, head development, and the notch signaling pathway were the functions they commonly altered. The key genes and functions that are specifically affected by BMDBM and/or PS-NPBs were identified. BMDBM mainly affects the differentiation and fate of neurons in the central nervous system through the regulation of her5, her6, her11, lfng, pax2a, and fgfr4. The PS-NPBs regulate the expression of olig2, foxg1a, fzd8b, six3a, rx1, lhx2b, nkx2.1a, and sfrp5 to alter nervous system development, retinal development, and stem cell differentiation. The phenotypic responses of zebrafish larvae at 120 hpf were tested, and significant inhibition of locomotor activity was found, indicating that early effects on the central nervous system would have a sustained impact on the behavior of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xin Ling
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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98
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Onkologie und Versorgung in Fach- und Publikumsmedien. DER ONKOLOGE 2021; 27:174-178. [PMID: 33173255 PMCID: PMC7646488 DOI: 10.1007/s00761-020-00868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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99
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Validation of Corrected and Dispersed QT as Predictors of Adverse Outcomes in Acute Cardiotoxicities. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 22:1-13. [PMID: 33400130 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute cardiovascular poisoning is a major cause of adverse outcomes in poisoning emergencies. The prognostic validity of corrected QT (QTc) and dispersed QT (QTd) in these outcomes is still limited. The present study aimed to determine the risk factors of mortality, adverse cardiovascular events (ACVE), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients with acute cardiovascular toxicities and assess the validity of QTc and QTd intervals in predicting these outcomes. This study was conducted on adult patients admitted to Tanta University Poison Control Center with a history of acute cardiotoxic drugs or toxins exposure. The demographic and toxicological data of patients were recorded. Clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, ECG grading, and measurement of QTc and QTd were performed. The patients were grouped according to their adverse outcomes. Among the included patients, 51 (31.48%) patients died, 61 (37.65%) patients had ACVE, and 68 (41.98%) patients required ICU admission. The most common cause of poisoning is aluminum phosphide, followed by cholinesterase inhibitors. QTd and QTdc showed no significant difference among outcome groups. The best cut-off values of QTc to predict mortality, ACVE, and ICU admission were > 491.1 ms, > 497.9 ms, and ≥ 491.9 ms, respectively. The derived cut-off QTc values were independent predictors for all adverse outcomes after adjusting for poison type, serum HCO3, and pulse. The highest odds ratios for all adverse outcomes were observed in aluminum phosphide poisoning and low HCO3 < 18 mmol/L. Thus, serum HCO3 and QTc interval should be monitored for acute cardiotoxicities, especially in aluminum phosphide and cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning.
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O'Connor FG, Franzos MA, Nye NS, Nelson DA, Shell D, Voss JD, Anderson SA, Coleman NJ, Thompson AA, Harmon KG, Deuster PA. Summit on Exercise Collapse Associated with Sickle Cell Trait: Finding the "Way Ahead". Curr Sports Med Rep 2021; 20:47-56. [PMID: 33395130 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although largely benign, sickle cell trait (SCT) has been associated with exertion-related events, to include sudden death. In 2011, a summit on SCT introduced the term exercise collapse associated with SCT (ECAST). A series of ECAST deaths in military personnel in 2019 prompted reevaluation of current efforts and led to a second summit in October 2019 hosted by the Consortium for Health and Military Performance of the Uniformed Services University in Bethesda, MD. The goals were to (1) review current service policies on SCT screening, (2) develop draft procedural instructions for executing current policy on SCT within the Department of Defense, (3) develop draft clinical practice guidelines for management of ECAST, (4) establish a framework for education on SCT and ECAST, and (5) prepare a research agenda to address identified gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis G O'Connor
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
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