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Koyiparambath VP, Prayaga Rajappan K, Rangarajan TM, Al-Sehemi AG, Pannipara M, Bhaskar V, Nair AS, Sudevan ST, Kumar S, Mathew B. Deciphering the detailed structure-activity relationship of coumarins as Monoamine oxidase enzyme inhibitors-An updated review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:655-673. [PMID: 34233082 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, Monoamine oxidase (MAO) have emerged as a target for the treatment of many neurodegenerative diseases including anxiety, depression, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases. The MAO inhibitors especially selective and reversible inhibitors of either of the isoenzymes (MAO-A & MAO-B) have been given more attention as both the form have different therapeutic properties and hence can be used for different neurological disorders. The lack of selective and reversible inhibitors available for both the enzymes and severity of the neuronal disorder in society have opened a new door to the researchers to carry out large and dedicated researches in this field. Among the several classes of the molecule as the inhibitors, coumarins hold a rank as a potent scaffold with its ease of synthesis, high therapeutic potential, and reversibility in inhibiting MAOs. The current review is an update of the research in the field that covers the works during the last six years (2014-2020) with a major focus on the SAR of the coumarin derivatives including synthetic, natural, and hybrids of coumarins with FDA-approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Payyalot Koyiparambath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Krishnendu Prayaga Rajappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - T M Rangarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venketeswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehboobali Pannipara
- Research center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaishnav Bhaskar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
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Krum BN, de Freitas CM, Busanello A, Schaffer LF, Fachinetto R. Ex vivo and in vitro inhibitory potential of Kava extract on monoamine oxidase B activity in mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:115-122. [PMID: 35528470 PMCID: PMC9072822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Experimental procedure Results Conclusion Kava extract confirmed anxiolytic-like effect in mice. Kava extract reduced MAO-B activity in cortex and in the region containing substantia nigra in mice. Kava extract inhibited reversibly the MAO-B activity in vitro.
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Koyiparambath VP, Oh JM, Khames A, Abdelgawad MA, Nair AS, Nath LR, Gambacorta N, Ciriaco F, Nicolotti O, Kim H, Mathew B. Trimethoxylated Halogenated Chalcones as Dual Inhibitors of MAO-B and BACE-1 for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060850. [PMID: 34201128 PMCID: PMC8226672 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Six halogenated trimethoxy chalcone derivatives (CH1-CH6) were synthesized and spectrally characterized. The compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory potential against monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and β-secretase (BACE-1). Six compounds inhibited MAO-B more effectively than MAO-A, and the 2',3',4'-methoxy moiety in CH4-CH6 was more effective for MAO-B inhibition than the 2',4',6'-methoxy moiety in CH1-CH3. Compound CH5 most potently inhibited MAO-B, with an IC50 value of 0.46 µM, followed by CH4 (IC50 = 0.84 µM). In 2',3',4'-methoxy derivatives (CH4-CH6), the order of inhibition was -Br in CH5 > -Cl in CH4 > -F in CH6 at the para-position in ring B of chalcone. CH4 and CH5 were selective for MAO-B, with selectivity index (SI) values of 15.1 and 31.3, respectively, over MAO-A. CH4 and CH5 moderately inhibited BACE-1 with IC50 values of 13.6 and 19.8 µM, respectively. When CH4 and CH5 were assessed for their cell viability studies on the normal African Green Monkey kidney cell line (VERO) using MTT assays, it was noted that both compounds were found to be safe, and only a slightly toxic effect was observed in concentrations above 200 µg/mL. CH4 and CH5 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of VERO cells treated with H2O2, indicating both compounds retained protective effects on the cells by antioxidant activities. All compounds showed high blood brain barrier permeabilities analyzed by a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Molecular docking and ADME prediction of the lead compounds provided more insights into the rationale behind the binding and the CNS drug likeness. From non-test mutagenicity and cardiotoxicity studies, CH4 and CH5 were non-mutagenic and non-/weak-cardiotoxic. These results suggest that CH4 and CH5 could be considered candidates for the cure of neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Payyalot Koyiparambath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; (V.P.K.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Ahmed Khames
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box-11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; (V.P.K.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Lekshmi R. Nath
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682041, India;
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Fulvio Ciriaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; (V.P.K.); (A.S.N.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (B.M.)
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Nair AS, Oh JM, Koyiparambath VP, Kumar S, Sudevan ST, Soremekun O, Soliman ME, Khames A, Abdelgawad MA, Pappachen LK, Mathew B, Kim H. Development of Halogenated Pyrazolines as Selective Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors: Deciphering via Molecular Dynamics Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113264. [PMID: 34071665 PMCID: PMC8198649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Halogens have been reported to play a major role in the inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO), relating to diverse cognitive functions of the central nervous system. Pyrazoline/halogenated pyrazolines were investigated for their inhibitory activities against human monoamine oxidase-A and -B. Halogen substitutions on the phenyl ring located at the fifth position of pyrazoline showed potent MAO-B inhibition. Compound 3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (EH7) showed the highest potency against MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.063 µM. The potencies against MAO-B were increased in the order of –F (in EH7) > –Cl (EH6) > –Br (EH8) > –H (EH1). The residual activities of most compounds for MAO-A were > 50% at 10 µM, except for EH7 and EH8 (IC50 = 8.38 and 4.31 µM, respectively). EH7 showed the highest selectivity index (SI) value of 133.0 for MAO-B, followed by EH6 at > 55.8. EH7 was a reversible and competitive inhibitor of MAO-B in kinetic and reversibility experiments with a Ki value of 0.034 ± 0.0067 µM. The molecular dynamics study documented that EH7 had a good binding affinity and motional movement within the active site with high stability. It was observed by MM-PBSA that the chirality had little effect on the overall binding of EH7 to MAO-B. Thus, EH7 can be employed for the development of lead molecules for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, India; (A.S.N.); (V.P.K.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Vishal Payyalot Koyiparambath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, India; (A.S.N.); (V.P.K.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, India; (A.S.N.); (V.P.K.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, India; (A.S.N.); (V.P.K.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Opeyemi Soremekun
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (O.S.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Mahmoud E. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (O.S.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Ahmed Khames
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box-11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Leena K. Pappachen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, India; (A.S.N.); (V.P.K.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.K.P.); or (B.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, India; (A.S.N.); (V.P.K.); (S.K.); (S.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.K.P.); or (B.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
- Correspondence: (L.K.P.); or (B.M.); (H.K.)
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Kong H, Meng X, Hou R, Yang X, Han J, Xie Z, Duan Y, Liao C. Novel 1-(prop-2-yn-1-ylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-thiol derivatives as potent selective human monoamine oxidase B inhibitors: Design, SAR development, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 43:128051. [PMID: 33887441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Successes have been achieved in developing human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) inhibitors as anti-Parkinson's disease (PD) drugs. However, low efficiency and unwanted side effects of the marketed hMAO-B inhibitors hamper their medical applications, therefore, novel potent selective hMAO-B inhibitors are still of great interest. Herein we report 1-(prop-2-yn-1-ylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-4-thiol derivatives as hMAO-B inhibitors, which were designed by employing a fragment-based drug design strategy to link rasagiline to hydrophobic fragments. Among the synthesized 31 compounds, K8 and K24 demonstrated very encouraging hMAO-B inhibitory activities and selectivity over hMAO-A, better than rasagiline and safinamide. In vitro studies indicated that K8 and K24 are nontoxic to nervous tissue cells and they have considerable effects against ROS formation and potential neuroprotective activity. Further mice behavioral tests demonstrated these two compounds have good therapeutic effects on MPTP-induced PD model mice. All these experiment results suggest that compounds K8 and K24 can be promising candidates for further research for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xianshe Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhouling Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Mathew B, Carradori S, Guglielmi P, Uddin MS, Kim H. New Aspects of Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors: The Key Role of Halogens to Open the Golden Door. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:266-283. [PMID: 31965939 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200121165931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A large plethora of drugs and promising lead compounds contain halogens in their structures. The introduction of such moieties strongly modulates their physical-chemical features as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. The most important outcome was shown to be the ability of these halogens to favourably influence the drug-target interaction and energetic stability within the active site by the establishment of halogen bonds. This review attempted to demonstrate the key role exerted by these versatile moieties when correctly located in an organic scaffold to display Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibition and selectivity towards the B isoform of this important enzyme. Human MAOs are well-recognized as therapeutic targets for mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases and medicinal chemists were prompted to discover the structural requirements crucial to discriminate the slight differences between the active sits of the two isoforms (MAO-A and MAOB). The analysis of the structure-activity relationships of the most important scaffolds (hydrazothiazoles, coumarins, chromones, chalcones, pyrazolines) and the impact of halogen (F, Cl, Br and I) insertion on this biological activity and isozyme selectivity have been reported being a source of inspiration for the medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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Mellado M, González C, Mella J, Aguilar LF, Viña D, Uriarte E, Cuellar M, Matos MJ. Combined 3D-QSAR and docking analysis for the design and synthesis of chalcones as potent and selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104689. [PMID: 33571810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are important targets in medicinal chemistry, as their inhibition may change the levels of different neurotransmitters in the brain, and also the production of oxidative stress species. New chemical entities able to interact selectively with one of the MAO isoforms are being extensively studied, and chalcones proved to be promising molecules. In the current work, we focused our attention on the understanding of theoretical models that may predict the MAO-B activity and selectivity of new chalcones. 3D-QSAR models, in particular CoMFA and CoMSIA, and docking simulations analysis have been carried out, and their successful implementation was corroborated by studying twenty-three synthetized chalcones (151-173) based on the generated information. All the synthetized molecules proved to inhibit MAO-B, being ten out of them MAO-B potent and selective inhibitors, with IC50 against this isoform in the nanomolar range, being (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,2-dimethylchroman-6-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (152) the best MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 of 170 nM). Docking simulations on both MAO-A and MAO-B binding pockets, using compound 152, were carried out. Calculated affinity energy for the MAO-A was +2.3 Kcal/mol, and for the MAO-B was -10.3 Kcal/mol, justifying the MAO-B high selectivity of these compounds. Both theoretical and experimental structure-activity relationship studies were performed, and substitution patterns were established to increase MAO-B selectivity and inhibitory efficacy. Therefore, we proved that both 3D-QSAR models and molecular docking approaches enhance the probability of finding new potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors, avoiding time-consuming and costly synthesis and biological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mellado
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad #330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - César González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnico Federico Santa María, Av. España, 1680 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña, 1111 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Luis F Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad #330, Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Dolores Viña
- Chronic Diseases Pharmacology Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 7500912 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Cuellar
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña, 1093 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Maria J Matos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Ayipo YO, Mordi MN, Mustapha M, Damodaran T. Neuropharmacological potentials of β-carboline alkaloids for neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173837. [PMID: 33359647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) which are characterised by complex pathomechanisms that including homeostatic failure, malfunction, atrophy, pathology remodelling and reactivity anomaly of the neuronal system where treatment options remain challenging. β-Carboline (βC) alkaloids are scaffolds of structurally diverse tricyclic pyrido[3,4-b]indole alkaloid with vast occurrence in nature. Their unique structural features which favour interactions with enzymes and protein receptor targets account for their potent neuropharmacological properties. However, our current understanding of their biological mechanisms for these beneficial effects, especially for neuropsychiatric disorders is sparse. Therefore, we present a comprehensive review of the scientific progress in the last two decades on the prospective pharmacology and physiology of the βC alkaloids in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain tumour, essential tremor, epilepsy and seizure, licking behaviour, dystonia, agnosia, spasm, positive ingestive response as demonstrated in non-clinical models. The current evidence supports that βC alkaloids offer potential therapeutic agents against most of these disorders and amenable for further drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Chemical, Geological and Physical Sciences, Kwara State University, P. M. B., 1530, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Nizam Mordi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thenmoly Damodaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Mathew GE, Oh JM, Mohan K, Kumudhavalli M, Jayanthi S, Kim H, Mathew B. Inhibitions of monoamine oxidases and acetylcholinesterase by 1-methyl, 5-phenyl substituted thiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, biochemical, and computational investigations. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Virtual screening and drug repurposing experiments to identify potential novel selective MAO-B inhibitors for Parkinson's disease treatment. Mol Divers 2020; 25:1775-1794. [PMID: 33237524 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The main study's purpose is to detect novel natural products (NPs) that are potentially selective MAO-B inhibitors and, additionally, to computationally reposition the marketed drugs with a new therapeutic role for Parkinson's disease. To reach the goals, 3D similarity search, docking, ADMETox, and drug repurposing approaches were employed. Thus, an unbiased benchmarking dataset was built including selective and nonselective inhibitors for MAO-B compliant with both ligand- and structure-based virtual screening approaches. A retrospective and prospective mining scenario was applied to SPECS NP and DrugBank databases to detect novel scaffolds with potential benefits for Parkinson's disease patients. Out of the three best selected natural products, cardamomin showed excellently predicted drug-like properties, superior pharmacological profile, and specific interactions with MAO-B active site, indicating a potential selectivity over MAO-B. Two marketed drugs, fenamisal and monobenzone, were proposed as promising candidates repurposed for Parkinson's disease. The application of shape, physicochemical, and electrostatic similarity searches protocol emerged as a plausible solution to explore MAO-B inhibitors selectivity. This protocol might serve as a rewarding tool in early drug discovery and can be extended to other protein targets.
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Chaurasiya ND, Midiwo J, Pandey P, Bwire RN, Doerksen RJ, Muhammad I, Tekwani BL. Selective Interactions of O-Methylated Flavonoid Natural Products with Human Monoamine Oxidase-A and -B. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225358. [PMID: 33212830 PMCID: PMC7697615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of structurally related O-methylated flavonoid natural products isolated from Senecio roseiflorus (1), Polygonum senegalense (2 and 3), Bhaphia macrocalyx (4), Gardenia ternifolia (5), and Psiadia punctulata (6) plant species were characterized for their interaction with human monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and -B) in vitro. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed selective inhibition of MAO-A, while 4 and 6 showed selective inhibition of MAO-B. Compound 3 showed ~2-fold selectivity towards inhibition of MAO-A. Binding of compounds 1-3 and 5 with MAO-A, and compounds 3 and 6 with MAO-B was reversible and not time-independent. The analysis of enzyme-inhibition kinetics suggested a reversible-competitive mechanism for inhibition of MAO-A by 1 and 3, while a partially-reversible mixed-type inhibition by 5. Similarly, enzyme inhibition-kinetics analysis with compounds 3, 4, and 6, suggested a competitive reversible inhibition of MAO-B. The molecular docking study suggested that 1 selectively interacts with the active-site of human MAO-A near N5 of FAD. The calculated binding free energies of the O-methylated flavonoids (1 and 4-6) and chalcones (2 and 3) to MAO-A matched closely with the trend in the experimental IC50's. Analysis of the binding free-energies suggested better interaction of 4 and 6 with MAO-B than with MAO-A. The natural O-methylated flavonoid (1) with highly potent inhibition (IC50 33 nM; Ki 37.9 nM) and >292 fold selectivity against human MAO-A (vs. MAO-B) provides a new drug lead for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan D. Chaurasiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Drug Discovery, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Jacob Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya;
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Regina N. Bwire
- Department of pure and applied Chemistry, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega P.O. Box 190-50100, Kenya;
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (B.L.T.); Tel.: +1-662-915-1051 (I.M.); +1-205-581-2205 (B.L.T.)
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Drug Discovery, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (B.L.T.); Tel.: +1-662-915-1051 (I.M.); +1-205-581-2205 (B.L.T.)
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Çeçen M, Oh JM, Özdemir Z, Büyüktuncel SE, Uysal M, Abdelgawad MA, Musa A, Gambacorta N, Nicolotti O, Mathew B, Kim H. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Pyridazinones Containing the (2-Fluorophenyl) Piperazine Moiety as Selective MAO-B Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225371. [PMID: 33212876 PMCID: PMC7698448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve pyridazinones (T1–T12) containing the (2-fluorophenyl) piperazine moiety were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for monoamine oxidase (MAO) -A and -B inhibitory activities. T6 was found to be the most potent MAO-B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.013 µM, followed by T3 (IC50 = 0.039 µM). Inhibitory potency for MAO-B was more enhanced by meta bromo substitution (T6) than by para bromo substitution (T7). For para substitution, inhibitory potencies for MAO-B were as follows: -Cl (T3) > -N(CH3)2 (T12) > -OCH3 (T9) > Br (T7) > F (T5) > -CH3 (T11) > -H (T1). T6 and T3 efficiently inhibited MAO-A with IC50 values of 1.57 and 4.19 µM and had the highest selectivity indices (SIs) for MAO-B (120.8 and 107.4, respectively). T3 and T6 were found to be reversible and competitive inhibitors of MAO-B with Ki values of 0.014 and 0.0071, respectively. Moreover, T6 was less toxic to healthy fibroblast cells (L929) than T3. Molecular docking simulations with MAO binding sites returned higher docking scores for T6 and T3 with MAO-B than with MAO-A. These results suggest that T3 and T6 are selective, reversible, and competitive inhibitors of MAO-B and should be considered lead candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Çeçen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey;
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Zeynep Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (Z.Ö.); or (B.M.); or (H.K.)
| | - Saliha Ebru Büyüktuncel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey;
| | - Mehtap Uysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Health Science Campus, Kochi 682 041, India
- Correspondence: (Z.Ö.); or (B.M.); or (H.K.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Z.Ö.); or (B.M.); or (H.K.)
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Newly Synthesized Fluorinated Cinnamylpiperazines Possessing Low In Vitro MAO-B Binding. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214941. [PMID: 33114548 PMCID: PMC7663645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report on the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of ten novel fluorinated cinnamylpiperazines as potential monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) ligands. The designed derivatives consist of either cinnamyl or 2-fluorocinnamyl moieties connected to 2-fluoropyridylpiperazines. The three-step synthesis starting from commercially available piperazine afforded the final products in overall yields between 9% and 29%. An in vitro competitive binding assay using l-[3H]Deprenyl as radioligand was developed and the MAO-B binding affinities of the synthesized derivatives were assessed. Docking studies revealed that the compounds 8–17 were stabilized in both MAO-B entrance and substrate cavities, thus resembling the binding pose of l-Deprenyl. Although our results revealed that the novel fluorinated cinnamylpiperazines 8–17 do not possess sufficient MAO-B binding affinity to be eligible as positron emission tomography (PET) agents, the herein developed binding assay and the insights gained within our docking studies will certainly pave the way for further development of MAO-B ligands.
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Jismy B, El Qami A, Pišlar A, Frlan R, Kos J, Gobec S, Knez D, Abarbri M. Pyrimido[1,2-b]indazole derivatives: Selective inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase B with neuroprotective activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112911. [PMID: 33071056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Structurally diverse heterotricyclic compounds are recognized as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and thus represent an appealing scaffold in development and optimization of novel MAO inhibitors. Herein we explored the chemical space of pyrimido[1,2-b]indazoles as MAO inhibitors by preparing a small library of (hetero)aryl derivatives. An efficient synthetic strategy was developed starting from commercially available 1H-indazol-3-amines, which were converted to various 3-bromoheterotricyclic derivatives and further functionalized via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Derivatives 4a-t selectively inhibited human MAO-B isoform in a reversible and competitive manner as confirmed by kinetic experiments and docking studies. Selected derivatives were not cytotoxic to neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, analogue 4i protected human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death, which confirms the applicability of the pyrimido[1,2-b]indazoles as potential antiparkinsonian agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Jismy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour L'Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299. Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Abdelkarim El Qami
- Département de Chimie Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique, URAC 22, BP 146, 28800, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Frlan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour L'Energie (PCM2E), EA 6299. Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France.
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Four-week repeated dose oral toxicity study of KDS2010, a novel selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, in Sprague Dawley rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104733. [PMID: 32758522 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Repeated dose oral toxicity and toxicokinetic of KDS2010, a new drug for Parkinson's disease, was investigated after 4-week repeated oral administration at 30, 50, 75, or 100 mg/kg/day in rats. Body weight and body weight gain decreased in rats of both sexes in the 75 and 100 mg/kg groups, and food consumption was reduced in male rats of the 75 and 100 mg/kg male groups. Histological alterations were observed in the kidney (urothelial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration in the renal pelvis, tubular vacuolation/degeneration, basophilic tubules, and hyaline droplets in the proximal tubules) of the 75 and 100 mg/kg male groups and the 50 and 100 mg/kg female groups. The 75 and 100 mg/kg male groups showed adverse effect in the testes (degeneration/exfoliation of germ cells, seminiferous tubules atrophy) and epididymis (cellular debris, oligospermia). These changes were partially recovered after a 2-week recovery period. However, basophilic tubules and hyaline droplets in the proximal tubules in the kidney and germ cell degeneration/exfoliation in the testis were not recovered. In toxicokinetics study, systemic exposure to KDS2010 increased proportionally in both sexes by in a dose -dependent manner. In addition, repeated administration for 4 weeks led to increased tendency of systemic exposure in both sexes compared with that in Day 1. In conclusion, KDS2010 was shown to target the kidney and testis with a no-observed-adverse-effect level of 50 and 30 mg/kg/day for males and females, respectively.
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66
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Olotu FA, Joy M, Abdelgawad MA, Narayanan SE, Soliman ME, Mathew B. Revealing the role of fluorine pharmacophore in chalcone scaffold for shifting the MAO-B selectivity: investigation of a detailed molecular dynamics and quantum chemical study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6126-6139. [PMID: 32705963 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1796803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of highly selective monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors has great therapeutic benefit in treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. Recent study documented that shifting of fluorine atom from para to ortho position on the phenyl B ring of heteroaryl chalcones shown a remarkable shift in the selectivity and potency between MAO-A and MAO-B isoforms. Despite the large plethora of the design of new selective MAO-B inhibitors, the current paper illustrates the role and orientation of fluorine atom with remarkable MAO-B selectivity of three compounds (O23, O24 and O25), which differ from all other substituents encountered in the chalcone scaffolds is recently reported by our group. Conformational analyses of differential inhibitory effects of O23, O24 and O25 on MAO-A and MAO-B, differential analyses of complementary interactions at MAO-A/-B active sites and differential analysis of affinity binding and per-residue energy contributions are calculated by molecular dynamics study. Density functional theory based electronic structure calculations were employed with special emphasis to electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals. Results of the current study can be used for lead modification and a new insight for the development of novel fluorinated chalcones for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Monu Joy
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef university, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Siju E Narayanan
- P.G. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government Medical College, Kannur, India
| | - Mahmoud E Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Chalcones: Unearthing their therapeutic possibility as monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112650. [PMID: 32920430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last years the continuous efforts in the development of novel and effective inhibitors of human monoamine oxidases (hMAOs) promoted the discovery of new agents able to effectively and selectively bound one of the two isoforms (hMAO-A and hMAO-B). However, the parent chalcone scaffold still covers an important role in hMAOs inhibition. In the present work, we focused our attention on the researches performed in the last five years, involving chalcones or compounds that can be correlated to them. We classified the chalcones into different groups depending on their structural characteristics or common molecular properties. In this regard, we also considered chalcones based on heterocycles and compounds endowed with scaffolds containing a masked chalcone motif. When structural attributes could not be used, we took advantage of enzymatic activity to arrange compounds in a group. We followed this approach for the multitarget agents. Finally, we also analysed the naturally occurring chalcones. All the sections were discussed exhaustively and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses were sustained by means of detailed images describing the effects related to the substituents or structural changes.
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Mathew GE, Oh JM, Mohan K, Tengli A, Mathew B, Kim H. Development of methylthiosemicarbazones as new reversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4786-4794. [PMID: 32588753 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1782266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibition is an attractive subject for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the current study, we synthesized some selected derivatives of methylthiosemicarbazones and investigated their MAOs and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Among the series synthesized, compounds SM5, SM4, and SM9 most inhibited MAO-B with IC50 values of 5.48, 7.06, and 8.03 µM, respectively. All compounds tested weakly inhibited MAO-A at 10 µM with the residual activities of >50%. Compound SM5 had the highest selectivity index (SI) value for MAO-B (>7.30), followed by SM4 (>5.67). Kinetic experiments revealed that SM5 competitively inhibited MAO-B, with a mean Ki value of 2.39 ± 0.15 µM. Reversibility experiments showed that SM5 reversibly inhibited MAO-B, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays revealed that SM5 was not toxic to Vero cells (IC50 = 198.96 µg/mL). The SM5/MAO-B interaction was ascertained by molecular docking and dynamics studies. The study shows that SM5 competitively inhibits MAO-B in a reversible, moderate selective manner, and that it is non-toxic to Vero cells.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Githa Elizabeth Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vinayaka Mission's College of Pharmacy, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be a University), Tamilnadu, Salem, India
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Mohan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vinayaka Mission's College of Pharmacy, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be a University), Tamilnadu, Salem, India
| | - Anandkumar Tengli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
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Narayanan D, Ma S, Özcelik D. Targeting the Redox Landscape in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071706. [PMID: 32605023 PMCID: PMC7407119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced predominantly by the mitochondrial electron transport chain and by NADPH oxidases in peroxisomes and in the endoplasmic reticulum. The antioxidative defense counters overproduction of ROS with detoxifying enzymes and molecular scavengers, for instance, superoxide dismutase and glutathione, in order to restore redox homeostasis. Mutations in the redox landscape can induce carcinogenesis, whereas increased ROS production can perpetuate cancer development. Moreover, cancer cells can increase production of antioxidants, leading to resistance against chemo- or radiotherapy. Research has been developing pharmaceuticals to target the redox landscape in cancer. For instance, inhibition of key players in the redox landscape aims to modulate ROS production in order to prevent tumor development or to sensitize cancer cells in radiotherapy. Besides the redox landscape of a single cell, alternative strategies take aim at the multi-cellular level. Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are crucial for the development of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and hence are explored as target and as drug delivery systems in cancer therapy. This review summarizes the current pharmaceutical and experimental interventions of the cancer redox landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Narayanan
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Sana Ma
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Dennis Özcelik
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.N.); (S.M.)
- current address: Chemistry | Biology | Pharmacy Information Center, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Kavully FS, Oh JM, Dev S, Kaipakasseri S, Palakkathondi A, Vengamthodi A, Abdul Azeez RF, Tondo AR, Nicolotti O, Kim H, Bijo Mathew. Design of enamides as new selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:916-926. [PMID: 32246471 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop of new class of selective and reversible MAO-B inhibitors from enamides. METHODS Syntheses of the titled derivatives (AD1-AD11) were achieved by reacting cinnamoyl chloride and various primary and secondary amines in basic medium. All eleven compounds were investigated for in vitro inhibitory activities against recombinant human MAO-A and MAO-B. The reversibilities of lead compound inhibitions were analysed by dialysis. MTT assays of lead compounds were performed using normal VERO cell lines. KEY FINDINGS Compounds AD3 and AD9 exhibited the greatest inhibitory activity against MAO-B with IC50 values of 0.11 and 0.10 µm, respectively, and were followed by AD2 and AD1 (0.51 and 0.71 µm, respectively). Most of the compounds weakly inhibited MAO-A, with the exceptions AD9 and AD7, which had IC50 values of 4.21 and 5.95 µm, respectively. AD3 had the highest selectivity index (SI) value for MAO-B (>363.6) and was followed by AD9 (SI 42.1). AD3 and AD9 were found to be competitive inhibitors of MAO-B with Ki values of 0.044 ± 0.0036 and 0.039 ± 0.0047 µm, respectively. Reversibility experiments showed AD3 and AD9 were reversible inhibitors of MAO-B; dialysis restored the activity of MAO-B to the reference level. MTT assays revealed AD3 and AD9 were non-toxic to normal VERO cell lines with IC50 values of 153.96 and 194.04 µg/ml, respectively. Computational studies provided hypothetical binding modes for AD3 and AD9 in the binding cavities of MAO-A and MAO-B. CONCLUSIONS These results encourage further studies on the enamide scaffold as potential drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Sahla Kavully
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, India
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Sanal Dev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, India
| | - Swafvan Kaipakasseri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, India
| | - Ashique Palakkathondi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, India
| | - Ajeesh Vengamthodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Shifa College of Pharmacy, Perinthalmanna, India
| | | | - Anna Rita Tondo
- Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
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Recent advances in dopaminergic strategies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:471-482. [PMID: 32112042 PMCID: PMC7471472 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide. However, there is no available therapy reversing the neurodegenerative process of PD. Based on the loss of dopamine or dopaminergic dysfunction in PD patients, most of the current therapies focus on symptomatic relief to improve patient quality of life. As dopamine replacement treatment remains the most effective symptomatic pharmacotherapy for PD, herein we provide an overview of the current pharmacotherapies, summarize the clinical development status of novel dopaminergic agents, and highlight the challenge and opportunity of emerging preclinical dopaminergic approaches aimed at managing the features and progression of PD.
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Calycosin and 8-O-methylretusin isolated from Maackia amurensis as potent and selective reversible inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase-B. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:441-448. [PMID: 32087226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nineteen compounds were isolated from the stems of Maackia amurensis by activity-guided screening for new human monoamine oxidase-B (hMAO-B) inhibitors. Among the compounds isolated, flavonoids calycosin (5) and 8-O-methylretusin (6) were found to potently and selectively inhibit hMAO-B (IC50 = 0.24 and 0.23 μM, respectively) but not hMAO-A with high selectivity index (SI) values (SI = 293.8 and 81.3, respectively). In addition, 5 and 6 reversibly and competitively inhibited hMAO-B with Ki values of 0.057 and 0.054 μM, respectively. A pterocarpan (-)-medicarpin (18) was also observed to strongly inhibit hMAO-B (IC50 = 0.30 μM). Most of the compounds weakly inhibited AChE, except isolupalbigenin (13) (IC50 = 20.6 μM), which suggested 13 be considered a potential dual function inhibitor of MAO-B and AChE. Molecular docking simulation revealed that the binding affinities of 5 and 6 for hMAO-B (both -9.3 kcal/mol) were higher than those for hMAO-A (-7.4 and -7.2 kcal/mol, respectively). Compound 5 was found to interact by hydrogen bonding with hMAO-B at Cys172 residue (distance: 3.250 Å); no hydrogen bonding was predicted between 5 and hMAO-A. These findings suggest that compounds 5 and 6 be considered novel potent, selective, and reversible hMAO-B inhibitors and candidates for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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