1
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Santema LL, Basile L, Binda C, Fraaije MW. Discovery and structural characterization of a thermostable bacterial monoamine oxidase. FEBS J 2024; 291:849-864. [PMID: 37814408 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are pivotal regulators of neurotransmitters in mammals, while microbial MAOs have been shown to be valuable biocatalysts for enantioselective synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds or precursors thereof. To extend the knowledge of how MAOs function at the molecular level and in order to provide more biocatalytic tools, we set out to identify and study a robust bacterial variant: a MAO from the thermophile Thermoanaerobacterales bacterium (MAOTb ). MAOTb is highly thermostable with melting temperatures above 73 °C and is well expressed in Escherichia coli. Substrate screening revealed that the oxidase is most efficient with n-alkylamines with n-heptylamine being the best substrate. Presteady-state kinetic analysis shows that reduced MAOTb rapidly reacts with molecular oxygen, confirming that it is a bona fide oxidase. The crystal structure of MAOTb was resolved at 1.5 Å and showed an exceptionally high similarity with the two human MAOs, MAO A and MAO B. The active site of MAOTb resembles mostly the architecture of human MAO A, including the cysteinyl protein-FAD linkage. Yet, the bacterial MAO lacks a C-terminal extension found in human MAOs, which explains why it is expressed and purified as a soluble protein, while the mammalian counterparts are anchored to the membrane through an α-helix. MAOTb also displays a slightly different active site access tunnel, which may explain the specificity toward long aliphatic amines. Being an easy-to-express, thermostable enzyme, for which a high-resolution structure was elucidated, this bacterial MAO may develop into a valuable biocatalyst for synthetic chemistry or biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars L Santema
- Molecular Enzymology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Basile
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Rullo M, La Spada G, Miniero DV, Gottinger A, Catto M, Delre P, Mastromarino M, Latronico T, Marchese S, Mangiatordi GF, Binda C, Linusson A, Liuzzi GM, Pisani L. Bioisosteric replacement based on 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in the discovery of 1H-indazole-bearing neuroprotective MAO B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115352. [PMID: 37178666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Following a hybridization strategy, a series of 5-substituted-1H-indazoles were designed and evaluated in vitro as inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) A and B. Among structural modifications, the bioisostere-based introduction of 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring returned the most potent and selective human MAO B inhibitor (compound 20, IC50 = 52 nM, SI > 192). The most promising inhibitors were studied in cell-based neuroprotection models of SH-SY5Y and astrocytes line against H2O2. Moreover, preliminary drug-like features (aqueous solubility at pH 7.4; hydrolytic stability at acidic and neutral pH) were assessed for selected 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and compared to amide analogues through RP-HPLC methods. Molecular docking simulations highlighted the crucial role of molecular flexibility in providing a better shape complementarity for compound 20 within MAO B enzymatic cleft than rigid analogue 18. Enzymatic kinetics analysis along with thermal stability curves (Tm shift = +2.9 °C) provided clues of a tight-binding mechanism for hMAO B inhibition by 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Rullo
- Dept. of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella La Spada
- Dept. of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Dept. of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Gottinger
- Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Dept. of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Margherita Mastromarino
- Dept. of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latronico
- Dept. of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Sara Marchese
- Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Binda
- Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Linusson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Dept. of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Dept. of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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3
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Reis J, Binda C. Measurement of MAO Enzymatic Activity by Spectrophotometric Direct Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:35-43. [PMID: 36169854 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MAO activity measurement can be monitored by direct peroxidase-free assays following different spectroscopy methods. Typically, these are assays that follow the conversion of different MAO substrates into its corresponding products monitored in either absorbance or fluorescence. Herein, we describe the assays for enzyme activity assessment with MAO B and particularly the MAO A substrate kynuramine, as well as the MAO B substrate benzylamine. Moreover, we also describe MAO activity determination using the tertiary amine substrate allyl amine 1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MMTP). These are very useful methods for the investigation of MAO inhibitory activity by molecules known to be HRP-interfering. In the present chapter we demonstrate the application of these methods in MAO activity and Michaelis-Menten curve determinations as well as inhibitory activity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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4
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Cennamo V, Landi S, Aragona G, Colecchia A, Conigliaro R, Di Lorenzo D, Di Marco M, Fabbri C, Falcone P, Gaiani F, Manno M, Merighi A, Mussetto A, Peghetti A, Sassateli R, Solfrini V, Zagari RM, Arena R, Bertani H, Binda C, Boarino V, De Padova A, Feletti V, Fuccio L, Iori V, Nervi G, Prati GM, Soriani P, De Palma R. The management of endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreatography-related infections risk: results of an italian survey at regional level. Ann Ig 2023; 35:84-91. [PMID: 35442386 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2022.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Among the Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) adverse events, an increasingly arising problem is the transmission of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria through duodenoscopes. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the current clinical practice of management of ERCP associated infections in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. METHODS An online survey was developed including 12 questions on management of ERCP associated infections risk. The survey was proposed to all 12 endoscopy centers in Emilia Romagna that perform at least > 200 ERCPs per year. RESULTS 11 centers completed the survey (92%). Among all risk factors of ERCP infections, hospitalization in intensive care units, immunosuppressant therapies, and previous MDR infections have achieved a 80 % minimum of concurrence by our respondents. The majority of them did not have a formalized document in their hospital describing categories and risk factors helpful in the detection of patients undergoing ERCP with an high-level infective risk (9/11, 82%). Most centers (8/11, 72%) do not perform screening in patients at risk of ERCP infections. Post procedural monitoring is performed by 6 of 11 centers (55%). CONCLUSION Our survey showed that, at least at regional level, there is a lack of procedures and protocols related to the management of patients at risk of ERCP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cennamo
- Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy Unit, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - S Landi
- Gastroenterology and Interventional Endoscopy Unit, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - G Aragona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - A Colecchia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - R Conigliaro
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Italy
| | - D Di Lorenzo
- Territorial Assistance Service - Pharmacy and Medical Devices Area, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - M Di Marco
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Infermi Rimini, AUSL della Romagna, Italy
| | - C Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL della Romagna, Italy
| | - P Falcone
- Territorial Assistance Service - Pharmacy and Medical Devices Area, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - F Gaiani
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - M Manno
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Modena, Carpi Hospital and Modena District Network of Gastro-enterology, Italy
| | - A Merighi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Mussetto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - A Peghetti
- Territorial Assistance Service - Pharmacy and Medical Devices Area, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - R Sassateli
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - V Solfrini
- Territorial Assistance Service - Pharmacy and Medical Devices Area, AUSL of Bologna, Italy
| | - R M Zagari
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Bologna, Italy
| | - R Arena
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - H Bertani
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Italy
| | - C Binda
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL della Romagna, Italy
| | - V Boarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A De Padova
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Infermi Rimini, AUSL della Romagna, Italy
| | - V Feletti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Santa Maria delle Croci Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - L Fuccio
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Bologna, Italy
| | - V Iori
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - G Nervi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Italy
| | - G M Prati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy
| | - P Soriani
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, AUSL Modena, Carpi Hospital and Modena District Network of Gastro-enterology, Italy
| | - R De Palma
- Hospital Care Service, AUSL Bologna, Italy
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5
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Reis J, Binda C. The Peroxidase-Coupled Assay to Measure MAO Enzymatic Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:23-34. [PMID: 36169853 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MAO activity measurement is generally performed following different spectroscopy methods, in most cases using peroxidase as a coupled reaction catalyst. In the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the assay follows the oxidation of the typical MAO substrate (aromatic amines) which generates hydrogen peroxide as a secondary product. There are several chromogens and fluorogens that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, are converted by HRP to detectable products. In the present chapter we describe the spectrophotometric 4-aminoantipyrine assay as well as the fluorogenic assay with the Amplex® Red chemical probe. These methods are applied on MAO activity and Michaelis-Menten curve determinations as well as inhibitory activity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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6
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Binda C, Edmondson DE, Mattevi A. Crystallization of Human Monoamine Oxidase B. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2558:115-122. [PMID: 36169859 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2643-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The interest in monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO A and B) is due to their central role in regulating the balance of neurotransmitters, both in the central nervous system and in peripheral organs. As validated drug targets for depression and Parkinson's disease, the elucidation of their crystal structures was an essential step to guide drug design investigations. The development of the heterologous expression system of MAO B in Pichia pastoris and the identification of the detergent, buffer, and precipitant conditions allowed to determine the first crystal structure of human MAO B in 2002. A detailed protocol to obtain reproducible MAO B crystals is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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7
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Resta J, Santin Y, Roumiguié M, Riant E, Lucas A, Couderc B, Binda C, Lluel P, Parini A, Mialet-Perez J. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Prevent Glucose-Dependent Energy Production, Proliferation and Migration of Bladder Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911747. [PMID: 36233054 PMCID: PMC9570004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 10th most common cancer in the world and has a high risk of recurrence and metastasis. In order to sustain high energetic needs, cancer cells undergo complex metabolic adaptations, such as a switch toward aerobic glycolysis, that can be exploited therapeutically. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as key regulators of cancer metabolic reprogramming and tumorigenesis, but the sources of ROS remain unidentified. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are mitochondrial enzymes that generate H2O2 during the breakdown of catecholamines and serotonin. These enzymes are particularly important in neurological disorders, but recently, a new link between MAOs and cancer has been uncovered, involving their production of ROS. At present, the putative role of MAOs in bladder cancer has never been evaluated. We observed that human urothelial tumor explants and the bladder cancer cell line AY27 expressed both MAO-A and MAO-B isoforms. Selective inhibition of MAO-A or MAO-B limited mitochondrial ROS accumulation, cell cycle progression and proliferation of bladder cancer cells, while only MAO-A inhibition prevented cell motility. To test whether ROS contributed to MAO-induced tumorigenesis, we used a mutated form of MAO-A which was unable to produce H2O2. Adenoviral transduction of the WT MAO-A stimulated the proliferation and migration of AY27 cells while the Lys305Met MAO-A mutant was inactive. This was consistent with the fact that the antioxidant Trolox strongly impaired proliferation and cell cycle progression. Most interestingly, AY27 cells were highly dependent on glucose metabolism to sustain their growth, and MAO inhibitors potently reduced glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, due to pyruvate depletion. Accordingly, MAO inhibitors decreased the expression of proteins involved in glucose transport (GLUT1) and transformation (HK2). In conclusion, urothelial cancer cells are characterized by a metabolic shift toward glucose-dependent metabolism, which is important for cell growth and is under the regulation of MAO-dependent oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Resta
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, Toulouse University, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Yohan Santin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, Toulouse University, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Roumiguié
- Department of Urology, CHU-Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Riant
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, Toulouse University, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Lucas
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, Toulouse University, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Bettina Couderc
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM, Toulouse University, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Philippe Lluel
- Urosphere SAS, 3 rue des Satellites, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, Toulouse University, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, Toulouse University, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-56-1325-643
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8
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Ekström F, Gottinger A, Forsgren N, Catto M, Iacovino LG, Pisani L, Binda C. Dual Reversible Coumarin Inhibitors Mutually Bound to Monoamine Oxidase B and Acetylcholinesterase Crystal Structures. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:499-506. [PMID: 35300078 PMCID: PMC8919507 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Multitarget directed
ligands (MTDLs) represent a promising frontier
in tackling the complexity of multifactorial pathologies. The synergistic
inhibition of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) and acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) is believed to provide a potentiated effect in the treatment
of Alzheimer’s disease. Among previously reported micromolar
or sub-micromolar coumarin-bearing dual inhibitors, compound 1 returned a tight-binding inhibition of MAO B (Ki = 4.5 μM) and a +5.5 °C
increase in the enzyme Tm value. Indeed,
the X-ray crystal structure revealed that binding of 1 produces unforeseen conformational changes at the MAO B entrance
cavity. Interestingly, 1 showed great shape complementarity
with the AChE enzymatic gorge, being deeply buried from the catalytic
anionic subsite (CAS) to the peripheral anionic subsite (PAS) and
causing significant structural changes in the active site. These findings
provide structural templates for further development of dual MAO B
and AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Ekström
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå 901 82, Sweden
| | - Andrea Gottinger
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nina Forsgren
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå 901 82, Sweden
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca G. Iacovino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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9
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Iacovino LG, Pinzi L, Facchetti G, Bortolini B, Christodoulou MS, Binda C, Rastelli G, Rimoldi I, Passarella D, Di Paolo ML, Dalla Via L. Promising Non-cytotoxic Monosubstituted Chalcones to Target Monoamine Oxidase-B. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1151-1158. [PMID: 34262643 PMCID: PMC8274062 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of monosubstituted chalcones (1-17) bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on both aromatic rings were selected. The cell viability on human tumor cell lines was evaluated first. The compounds unable to induce detectable cytotoxicity (1, 13, and 14) were tested using the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity assay. Interestingly, they inhibit MAO-B, acting as competitive inhibitors, with 13 and 14 showing the best profiles. In particular, 13 exhibited a potency higher than that of safinamide, taken as a reference. Docking studies and crystallographic analysis showed that in human MAO-B 13 binds with the halogen-substituted aromatic ring in the entrance cavity, similar to safinamide, whereas 14 is accommodated in the opposite way. The main conclusion of this cell biology, biochemistry, and structural study is to highlights 13 as a chalcone derivative that is worth consideration for the development of novel MAO-B-selective inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca G. Iacovino
- Dipartimento
di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Luca Pinzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università
degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Giorgio Facchetti
- DISFARM,
Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bortolini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università
degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Michael S. Christodoulou
- DISFARM,
Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Dipartimento
di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
di Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università
degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Isabella Rimoldi
- DISFARM,
Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Molecolare, Università
degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università
degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
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10
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Riolet C, Menet A, Mailliet A, Binda C, Altes A, Appert L, Castel A, Delelis F, Viart G, Guyomar Y, Legoffic C, Decroocq M, Ennezat P, Graux P, Tribouilloy C, Marechaux S. Clinical Significance of Global Wasted Work in patients receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2021.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Petri L, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Tímea I, Pálfy G, Perczel A, Knez D, Hrast M, Gobec M, Sosič I, Nyíri K, Vértessy BG, Jänsch N, Desczyk C, Meyer-Almes FJ, Ogris I, Golič Grdadolnik S, Iacovino LG, Binda C, Gobec S, Keserű GM. Assessment of Tractable Cysteines for Covalent Targeting by Screening Covalent Fragments. Chembiochem 2020; 22:743-753. [PMID: 33030752 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted covalent inhibition and the use of irreversible chemical probes are important strategies in chemical biology and drug discovery. To date, the availability and reactivity of cysteine residues amenable for covalent targeting have been evaluated by proteomic and computational tools. Herein, we present a toolbox of fragments containing a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl core that was equipped with chemically diverse electrophilic warheads showing a range of reactivities. We characterized the library members for their reactivity, aqueous stability and specificity for nucleophilic amino acids. By screening this library against a set of enzymes amenable for covalent inhibition, we showed that this approach experimentally characterized the accessibility and reactivity of targeted cysteines. Interesting covalent fragment hits were obtained for all investigated cysteine-containing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Petri
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Tímea
- MS Metabolomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Pálfy
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology &, MTA-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology &, MTA-ELTE Protein Modelling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Hrast
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Izidor Sosič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kinga Nyíri
- Genome Metabolism Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Genome Metabolism Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Applied Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt Gellért tér 4, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Niklas Jänsch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Charlotte Desczyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Iza Ogris
- Laboratory for Molecular Structural Dynamics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Golič Grdadolnik
- Laboratory for Molecular Structural Dynamics, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luca Giacinto Iacovino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Iacovino LG, Reis J, Mai A, Binda C, Mattevi A. Diphenylene Iodonium Is a Noncovalent MAO Inhibitor: A Biochemical and Structural Analysis. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1394-1397. [PMID: 32459875 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diphenylene iodonium (DPI) is known for its inhibitory activities against many flavin- and heme-dependent enzymes, and is often used as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. We probed the efficacy of DPI on two well-known drug targets, the human monoamine oxidases MAO A and B. UV-visible spectrophotometry and steady-state kinetics experiments demonstrate that DPI acts as a competitive and reversible MAO inhibitor with Ki values of 1.7 and 0.3 μM for MAO A and MAO B, respectively. Elucidation of the crystal structure of human MAO B bound to the inhibitor revealed that DPI binds deeply in the active-site cavity to establish multiple hydrophobic interactions with the surrounding side chains and the flavin. These data prove that DPI is a genuine MAO inhibitor and that the inhibition mechanism does not involve a reaction with the reduced flavin. This binding and inhibitory activity against the MAOs, two major reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzymes, will have to be carefully considered when interpreting experiments that rely on DPI for target validation and chemical biology studies on ROS functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca G Iacovino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joana Reis
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Abstract
This chapter represents a journey through flavoprotein oxidases. The purpose is to excite the reader curiosity regarding this class of enzymes by showing their diverse applications. We start with a brief overview on oxidases to then introduce flavoprotein oxidases and elaborate on the flavin cofactors, their redox and spectroscopic characteristics, and their role in the catalytic mechanism. The six major flavoprotein oxidase families will be described, giving examples of their importance in biology and their biotechnological uses. Specific attention will be given to a few selected flavoprotein oxidases that are not extensively discussed in other chapters of this book. Glucose oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) oxidase and methanol oxidase are four examples of oxidases belonging to the GMC-like flavoprotein oxidase family and that have been shown to be valuable biocatalysts. Their structural and mechanistic features and recent enzyme engineering will be discussed in details. Finally we give a look at the current trend in research and conclude with a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Martin
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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14
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Iacovino LG, Manzella N, Resta J, Vanoni MA, Rotilio L, Pisani L, Edmondson DE, Parini A, Mattevi A, Mialet-Perez J, Binda C. Rational Redesign of Monoamine Oxidase A into a Dehydrogenase to Probe ROS in Cardiac Aging. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1795-1800. [PMID: 32589395 PMCID: PMC8009472 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cardiac senescence
is a typical chronic frailty condition in the
elderly population, and cellular aging is often associated with oxidative
stress. The mitochondrial-membrane flavoenzyme monoamine oxidase A
(MAO A) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters,
and its expression increases in aged hearts. We produced recombinant
human MAO A variants at Lys305 that play a key role in O2 reactivity leading to H2O2 production. The
K305Q variant is as active as the wild-type enzyme, whereas K305M
and K305S have 200-fold and 100-fold lower kcat values and similar Km. Under
anaerobic conditions, K305M MAO A was normally reduced by substrate,
whereas reoxidation by O2 was much slower but could be
accomplished by quinone electron acceptors. When overexpressed in
cardiomyoblasts by adenoviral vectors, the K305M variant showed enzymatic
turnover similar to that of the wild-type but displayed decreased
ROS levels and senescence markers. These results might translate into
pharmacological treatments as MAO inhibitors may attenuate cardiomyocytes
aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Manzella
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jessica Resta
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Laura Rotilio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Milan, Italy
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15
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Iacovino LG, Savino S, Borg AJE, Binda C, Nidetzky B, Mattevi A. Crystallographic snapshots of UDP-glucuronic acid 4-epimerase ligand binding, rotation, and reduction. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12461-12473. [PMID: 32661196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronic acid is converted to UDP-galacturonic acid en route to a variety of sugar-containing metabolites. This reaction is performed by a NAD+-dependent epimerase belonging to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. We present several high-resolution crystal structures of the UDP-glucuronic acid epimerase from Bacillus cereus The geometry of the substrate-NAD+ interactions is finely arranged to promote hydride transfer. The exquisite complementarity between glucuronic acid and its binding site is highlighted by the observation that the unligated cavity is occupied by a cluster of ordered waters whose positions overlap the polar groups of the sugar substrate. Co-crystallization experiments led to a structure where substrate- and product-bound enzymes coexist within the same crystal. This equilibrium structure reveals the basis for a "swing and flip" rotation of the pro-chiral 4-keto-hexose-uronic acid intermediate that results from glucuronic acid oxidation, placing the C4' atom in position for receiving a hydride ion on the opposite side of the sugar ring. The product-bound active site is almost identical to that of the substrate-bound structure and satisfies all hydrogen-bonding requirements of the ligand. The structure of the apoenzyme together with the kinetic isotope effect and mutagenesis experiments further outlines a few flexible loops that exist in discrete conformations, imparting structural malleability required for ligand rotation while avoiding leakage of the catalytic intermediate and/or side reactions. These data highlight the double nature of the enzymatic mechanism: the active site features a high degree of precision in substrate recognition combined with the flexibility required for intermediate rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giacinto Iacovino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Savino
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Annika J E Borg
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria .,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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16
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Fioravanti R, Romanelli A, Mautone N, Di Bello E, Rovere A, Corinti D, Zwergel C, Valente S, Rotili D, Botrugno OA, Dessanti P, Vultaggio S, Vianello P, Cappa A, Binda C, Mattevi A, Minucci S, Mercurio C, Varasi M, Mai A. Tranylcypromine-Based LSD1 Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships, Antiproliferative Effects in Leukemia, and Gene Target Modulation. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:643-658. [PMID: 32003940 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
LSD1 is a lysine demethylase highly involved in initiation and development of cancer. To design highly effective covalent inhibitors, a strategy is to fill its large catalytic cleft by designing tranylcypromine (TCP) analogs decorated with long, hindered substituents. We prepared three series of TCP analogs, carrying aroyl- and arylacetylamino (1 a-h), Z-amino acylamino (2 a-o), or double-substituted benzamide (3 a-n) residues at the C4 or C3 position of the phenyl ring. Further fragments obtained by chemical manipulation applied on the TCP scaffold (compounds 4 a-i) were also prepared. When tested against LSD1, most of 1 and 3 exhibited IC50 values in the low nanomolar range, with 1 e and 3 a,d,f,g being also the most selective respect to monoamine oxidases. In MV4-11 AML and NB4 APL cells compounds 3 were the most potent, displaying up to sub-micromolar cell growth inhibition against both cell lines (3 a) or against NB4 cells (3 c). The most potent compounds in cellular assays were also able to induce the expression of LSD1 target genes, such as GFI-1b, ITGAM, and KCTD12, as functional read-out for LSD1 inhibition. Mouse and human intrinsic clearance data highlighted the high metabolic stability of compounds 3 a, 3 d and 3 g. Further studies will be performed on the new compounds 3 a and 3 c to assess their anticancer potential in different cancer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romanelli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Mautone
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Rovere
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Corinti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine of Precision, University of Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Oronza A Botrugno
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina Milano, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dessanti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Oryzon Genomics S.A., Sant Ferran, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefania Vultaggio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Vianello
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cappa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Ciro Mercurio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Varasi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO - European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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17
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Knez D, Colettis N, Iacovino LG, Sova M, Pišlar A, Konc J, Lešnik S, Higgs J, Kamecki F, Mangialavori I, Dolšak A, Žakelj S, Trontelj J, Kos J, Binda C, Marder M, Gobec S. Stereoselective Activity of 1-Propargyl-4-styrylpiperidine-like Analogues That Can Discriminate between Monoamine Oxidase Isoforms A and B. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1361-1387. [PMID: 31917923 PMCID: PMC7307930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The resurgence of interest in monoamine oxidases (MAOs) has been fueled by recent correlations of this enzymatic activity with cardiovascular, neurological, and oncological disorders. This has promoted increased research into selective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors. Here, we shed light on how selective inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B can be achieved by geometric isomers of cis- and trans-1-propargyl-4-styrylpiperidines. While the cis isomers are potent human MAO-A inhibitors, the trans analogues selectively target only the MAO-B isoform. The inhibition was studied by kinetic analysis, UV-vis spectrum measurements, and X-ray crystallography. The selective inhibition of the MAO-A and MAO-B isoforms was confirmed ex vivo in mouse brain homogenates, and additional in vivo studies in mice show the therapeutic potential of 1-propargyl-4-styrylpiperidines for central nervous system disorders. This study represents a unique case of stereoselective activity of cis/trans isomers that can discriminate between structurally related enzyme isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Natalia Colettis
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, and Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Junín 956 , C1113AAD Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Luca G Iacovino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology , University of Pavia , Via Ferrata 1 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Matej Sova
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Janez Konc
- National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Samo Lešnik
- National Institute of Chemistry , Hajdrihova 19 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Josefina Higgs
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, and Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Junín 956 , C1113AAD Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Fabiola Kamecki
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, and Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Junín 956 , C1113AAD Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Irene Mangialavori
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, and Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Junín 956 , C1113AAD Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Ana Dolšak
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Simon Žakelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Jurij Trontelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology , University of Pavia , Via Ferrata 1 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Mariel Marder
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, and Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Junín 956 , C1113AAD Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Aškerčeva 7 , 1000 Ljubljana , Slovenia
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18
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Minordi LM, Binda C, Scaldaferri F, Holleran G, Larosa L, Belmonte G, Gasbarrini A, Colosimo C, Manfredi R. Primary neoplasms of the small bowel at CT: a pictorial essay for the clinician. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 22:598-608. [PMID: 29461587 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201802_14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary small intestinal neoplasms are uncommon tumors that are often small and difficult to identify. The aim of this paper is to describe CT technique and features in detecting and characterizing the tumors of the small bowel. MATERIALS AND METHODS This paper focuses on radiological characteristics of benign and malignant primary neoplasms of the small bowel at CT, with special reference to multidetector-CT techniques, type and modality of administration of contrast agents (by oral route or CT-enterography and by nasojejunal tube or CT-enteroclysis). This paper will also provide pictures and description of CT findings of benign and malignant primary neoplasms using examples of CT-enterography and CT-enteroclysis. RESULTS Among CT modalities, CT-enterography has the advantage of defining the real extension of wall lesions, possible transmural extension, the degree of mesenteric involvement and remote metastasis. Other useful modalities for the diagnosis of such lesions like capsule endoscopy and enteroscopy, provide important information but limited to mucosal changes with lower accuracy on extension and bowel wall involvement or submucosal lesions. CONCLUSIONS Multidetector-CT, performed after distension of the small bowel with oral contrast material and intravenous injection of iodinated contrast material, is a useful method for the diagnosis and staging of small bowel neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Minordi
- Department of Bio-Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Radiology Institute, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Gemelli Foundation, School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Fabbri C, Fugazza A, Binda C, Zerbi A, Jovine E, Cennamo V, Repici A, Anderloni A. V.01.6 BEYOND PALLIATION: USING EUS-GUIDED CHOLEDOCHODUODENOSTOMY WITH A LUMEN-APPOSING METAL STENT AS A BRIDGE TO SURGERY. Dig Liver Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(19)30236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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20
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Nguyen QT, Romero E, Dijkman WP, de Vasconcellos SP, Binda C, Mattevi A, Fraaije MW. Structure-Based Engineering of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Alcohol Oxidase for Enhanced Oxidative Power toward Glycerol. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6209-6218. [PMID: 30272958 PMCID: PMC6210165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glycerol
is a major byproduct of biodiesel production, and enzymes
that oxidize this compound have been long sought after. The recently
described alcohol oxidase from the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcAOX) was reported to feature
very mild activity on glycerol. Here, we describe the comprehensive
structural and biochemical characterization of this enzyme. PcAOX
was expressed in Escherichia coli in high yields
and displayed high thermostability. Steady-state kinetics revealed
that PcAOX is highly active toward methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol
(kcat = 18, 19, and 11 s–1, respectively), but showed very limited activity toward glycerol
(kobs = 0.2 s–1 at 2
M substrate). The crystal structure of the homo-octameric PcAOX was
determined at a resolution of 2.6 Å. The catalytic center is
a remarkable solvent-inaccessible cavity located at the re side of the flavin cofactor. Its small size explains the observed
preference for methanol and ethanol as best substrates. These findings
led us to design several cavity-enlarging mutants with significantly
improved activity toward glycerol. Among them, the F101S variant had
a high kcat value of 3 s–1, retaining a high degree of thermostability. The crystal structure
of F101S PcAOX was solved, confirming the site of mutation and the
larger substrate-binding pocket. Our data demonstrate that PcAOX is
a very promising enzyme for glycerol biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc-Thai Nguyen
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia , Piazza della Vittoria 15 , 27100 Pavia , Italy.,Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , 41 Dinh Tien Hoang Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1 , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Elvira Romero
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Willem P Dijkman
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Pantaroto de Vasconcellos
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Department of Biological Science , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , Diadema , SP 09913-030 , Brazil
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology , University of Pavia , Via Ferrata 1 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology , University of Pavia , Via Ferrata 1 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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21
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Manzella N, Santin Y, Maggiorani D, Martini H, Douin-Echinard V, Passos JF, Lezoualc'h F, Binda C, Parini A, Mialet-Perez J. Monoamine oxidase-A is a novel driver of stress-induced premature senescence through inhibition of parkin-mediated mitophagy. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12811. [PMID: 30003648 PMCID: PMC6156293 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, the irreversible cell cycle arrest observed in somatic cells, is an important driver of age‐associated diseases. Mitochondria have been implicated in the process of senescence, primarily because they are both sources and targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the heart, oxidative stress contributes to pathological cardiac ageing, but the mechanisms underlying ROS production are still not completely understood. The mitochondrial enzyme monoamine oxidase‐A (MAO‐A) is a relevant source of ROS in the heart through the formation of H2O2 derived from the degradation of its main substrates, norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin. However, the potential link between MAO‐A and senescence has not been previously investigated. Using cardiomyoblasts and primary cardiomyocytes, we demonstrate that chronic MAO‐A activation mediated by synthetic (tyramine) and physiological (NE) substrates induces ROS‐dependent DNA damage response, activation of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p21cip, p16ink4a, and p15ink4b and typical features of senescence such as cell flattening and SA‐β‐gal activity. Moreover, we observe that ROS produced by MAO‐A lead to the accumulation of p53 in the cytosol where it inhibits parkin, an important regulator of mitophagy, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, we show that the mTOR kinase contributes to mitophagy dysfunction by enhancing p53 cytoplasmic accumulation. Importantly, restoration of mitophagy, either by overexpression of parkin or inhibition of mTOR, prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and induction of senescence. Altogether, our data demonstrate a novel link between MAO‐A and senescence in cardiomyocytes and provides mechanistic insights into the potential role of MAO‐dependent oxidative stress in age‐related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Manzella
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Yohan Santin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Damien Maggiorani
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Hélène Martini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Victorine Douin-Echinard
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Joao F. Passos
- Ageing Research Laboratories; Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
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22
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Iacovino LG, Magnani F, Binda C. The structure of monoamine oxidases: past, present, and future. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1567-1579. [PMID: 30167931 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first crystal structure of mammalian monoamine oxidases (MAOs) was solved in 2002; almost 65 years after, these FAD-dependent enzymes were discovered and classified as responsible for the oxidation of aromatic neurotransmitters. Both MAO A and MAO B feature a two-domain topology characterized by the Rossmann fold, interacting with dinucleotide cofactors, which is intimately associated to a substrate-binding domain. This globular body is endowed with a C-terminal α-helix that anchors the protein to the outer mitochondrial phospholipid bilayer. As monotopic membrane proteins, the structural elucidation of MAOs was a challenging task that required the screening of different detergent conditions for their purification and crystallization. MAO A and MAO B structures differ both in their oligomerization architecture and in details of their active sites. Purified human MAO B and rat MAO A are dimeric, whereas human MAO A was found to be monomeric, which is believed to result from the detergent treatments used to extract the protein from the membrane. The active site of MAOs consists of a hydrophobic cavity located in front of the flavin cofactor and extending to the protein surface. Some structural features are highly conserved in the two isozymes, such as a Tyr-Tyr aromatic sandwich in front of the flavin ring and a Lys residue hydrogen-bonded to the cofactor N5 atom, whereas a pair of gating residues (Phe208/Ile335 in MAO A; Ile199/Tyr326 in MAO B) specifically determines the different substrate and inhibitor properties of the two enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Magnani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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23
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Abstract
Monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO A and B) are mammalian flavoenzymes bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane. They were discovered almost a century ago and they have been the subject of many biochemical, structural and pharmacological investigations due to their central role in neurotransmitter metabolism. Currently, the treatment of Parkinson's disease involves the use of selective MAO B inhibitors such as rasagiline and safinamide. MAO inhibition was shown to exert a general neuroprotective effect as a result of the reduction of oxidative stress produced by these enzymes, which seems to be relevant also in non-neuronal contexts. MAOs were successfully expressed as recombinant proteins in Pichia pastoris, which allowed a thorough biochemical and structural characterization. These enzymes are characterized by a globular water-soluble main body that is anchored to the mitochondrial membrane through a C-terminal α-helix, similar to other bitopic membrane proteins. In both MAO A and MAO B the enzyme active site consists of a hydrophobic cavity lined by residues that are conserved in the two isozymes, except for few details that determine substrate and inhibitor specificity. In particular, human MAO B features a dual-cavity active site whose conformation depends on the size of the bound ligand. This article provides a comprehensive and historical review of MAOs and the state-of-the-art of these enzymes as membrane drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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24
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Reis J, Manzella N, Cagide F, Mialet-Perez J, Uriarte E, Parini A, Borges F, Binda C. Tight-Binding Inhibition of Human Monoamine Oxidase B by Chromone Analogs: A Kinetic, Crystallographic, and Biological Analysis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4203-4212. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicola Manzella
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jeanne Mialet-Perez
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Applied Chemical Science Institute, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, 7500912 Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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25
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Pickl M, Swoboda A, Romero E, Winkler CK, Binda C, Mattevi A, Faber K, Fraaije MW. Kinetic Resolution ofsec-Thiols by Enantioselective Oxidation with Rationally Engineered 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural Oxidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Pickl
- Department of Chemistry; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Alexander Swoboda
- Department of Chemistry; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Elvira Romero
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Christoph K. Winkler
- Department of Chemistry; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH); c/o Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”; University of Pavia; Via Ferrata 9 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”; University of Pavia; Via Ferrata 9 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Kurt Faber
- Department of Chemistry; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
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26
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Ewing TA, Nguyen QT, Allan RC, Gygli G, Romero E, Binda C, Fraaije MW, Mattevi A, van Berkel WJH. Two tyrosine residues, Tyr-108 and Tyr-503, are responsible for the deprotonation of phenolic substrates in vanillyl-alcohol oxidase. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14668-14679. [PMID: 28717004 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of oxidoreductases from the VAO/para-cresol methylhydroxylase flavoprotein family catalyze the oxidation of para-substituted phenols. One of the best-studied is vanillyl-alcohol oxidase (VAO) from the fungus Penicillium simplicissimum For oxidation of phenols by VAO to occur, they must first be bound in the active site of the enzyme in their phenolate anion form. The crystal structure of VAO reveals that two tyrosine residues, Tyr-108 and Tyr-503, are positioned to facilitate this deprotonation. To investigate their role in catalysis, we created three VAO variants, Y108F, Y503F, and Y108F/Y503F, and studied their biochemical properties. Steady-state kinetics indicated that the presence of at least one of the tyrosine residues is essential for efficient catalysis by VAO. Stopped-flow kinetics revealed that the reduction of VAO by chavicol or vanillyl alcohol occurs at two different rates: kobs1, which corresponds to its reaction with the deprotonated form of the substrate, and kobs2, which corresponds to its reaction with the protonated form of the substrate. In Y108F, Y503F, and Y108F/Y503F, the relative contribution of kobs2 to the reduction is larger than in wild-type VAO, suggesting deprotonation is impaired in these variants. Binding studies disclosed that the competitive inhibitor isoeugenol is predominantly in its deprotonated form when bound to wild-type VAO, but predominantly in its protonated form when bound to the variants. These results indicate that Tyr-108 and Tyr-503 are responsible for the activation of substrates in VAO, providing new insights into the catalytic mechanism of VAO and related enzymes that oxidize para-substituted phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Ewing
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Quoc-Thai Nguyen
- the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,the Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and.,the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Robert C Allan
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Gygli
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elvira Romero
- the Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Claudia Binda
- the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- the Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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27
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Ringlé A, Castel A, Le Goffic C, Delelis F, Binda C, Bohbot Y, Ennezat P, Guerbaai R, Levy F, Vincentelli A, Graux P, Tribouilloy C, Maréchaux S. Frequency of paradoxical low flow low gradient severe aortic stenosis: critical impact of aortic flow misalignment and pressure recovery phenomenon. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(17)30030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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De Deurwaerdère P, Binda C, Corne R, Leone C, Valeri A, Valoti M, Ramsay RR, Fall Y, Marco-Contelles J. Comparative Analysis of the Neurochemical Profile and MAO Inhibition Properties of N-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-methylprop-2-yn-1-amine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1026-1035. [PMID: 27977122 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of brain monoamine levels is paramount for cognitive functions, and the monoamine oxidase (MAO A and B) enzymes play a central role in these processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the procognitive properties exerted by propargylamine N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-N-methylprop-2-yn-1-amine (F2MPA) are related to changes in monoamine content via MAO inhibition. In vivo microdialysis and ex vivo amine metabolite measurement demonstrated region-specific alterations in monoamine metabolism that differ from both of the classic MAO A and MAO B inhibitors, clorgyline and l-deprenyl, respectively. Although all the inhibitors (1 and 4 mg/kg) increased cortical serotonin tissue content, only F2MPA increased the levels of cortical noradrenaline. In the striatum, clorgyline (1 mg/kg), but not F2MPA (1 mg/kg), reduced extracellular levels of dopamine metabolites at rest or stimulated by the intrastriatal application of the MAO substrate 3-methoxytyramine. In vitro, F2MPA exhibited a low affinity toward MAO B and MAO A. Nonetheless, it modified the B form of MAO, forming a flavin adduct structurally similar to that with deprenyl. F2MPA was rapidly metabolized in the presence of rat but not human microsomes, producing a hydroxylated derivative. In conclusion, the effect of F2MPA on cognition may arise from monoaminergic changes in the cortex, but the role of MAO in this process is likely to be negligible, consistent with the poor affinity of F2MPA for MAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut
des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR CNRS 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudia Binda
- Dipartimento
di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rémi Corne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut
des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR CNRS 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cosima Leone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aurora Valeri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rona R. Ramsay
- Biomedical
Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Yagamare Fall
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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29
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Kumar H, Nguyen QT, Binda C, Mattevi A, Fraaije MW. Isolation and characterization of a thermostable F 420:NADPH oxidoreductase from Thermobifida fusca. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10123-10130. [PMID: 28411200 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
F420H2-dependent enzymes reduce a wide range of substrates that are otherwise recalcitrant to enzyme-catalyzed reduction, and their potential for applications in biocatalysis has attracted increasing attention. Thermobifida fusca is a moderately thermophilic bacterium and holds high biocatalytic potential as a source for several highly thermostable enzymes. We report here on the isolation and characterization of a thermostable F420: NADPH oxidoreductase (Tfu-FNO) from T. fusca, the first F420-dependent enzyme described from this bacterium. Tfu-FNO was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, yielding up to 200 mg of recombinant enzyme per liter of culture. We found that Tfu-FNO is highly thermostable, reaching its highest activity at 65 °C and that Tfu-FNO is likely to act in vivo as an F420 reductase at the expense of NADPH, similar to its counterpart in Streptomyces griseus We obtained the crystal structure of FNO in complex with NADP+ at 1.8 Å resolution, providing the first bacterial FNO structure. The overall architecture and NADP+-binding site of Tfu-FNO were highly similar to those of the Archaeoglobus fulgidus FNO (Af-FNO). The active site is located in a hydrophobic pocket between an N-terminal dinucleotide binding domain and a smaller C-terminal domain. Residues interacting with the 2'-phosphate of NADP+ were probed by targeted mutagenesis, indicating that Thr-28, Ser-50, Arg-51, and Arg-55 are important for discriminating between NADP+ and NAD+ Interestingly, a T28A mutant increased the kinetic efficiency >3-fold as compared with the wild-type enzyme when NADH is the substrate. The biochemical and structural data presented here provide crucial insights into the molecular recognition of the two cofactors, F420 and NAD(P)H by FNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar
- From the Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Quoc-Thai Nguyen
- From the Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, 41 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- From the Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands,
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30
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Manzella N, Maggiorani D, Binda C, Mattevi A, Lezoualc’h F, Parini A, Perez J. Monoamine oxidases as molecular players of cardiac senescence. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(17)30475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Binda C, Tortora A, Garcovich M, Annicchiarico BE, Siciliano M. Toxicity and risks from drug-to-drug interactions of new antivirals for chronic hepatitis C. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:102-111. [PMID: 28379589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The new direct acting antivirals (DAAs), defined as those drugs that are effective in combinations without interferon, have totally changed HCV treatment and probably in few years will also totally change global landscape of advanced liver diseases. The advantage of DAAs is a low-risk/high-benefit ratio. Although overall adverse events during DAAs treatment are limited in frequency and severity, some toxicity issues emerged during the first years of real-life experience with these drugs. Another peculiar characteristic of present DAAs is a high probability of interaction with other "common-use" drugs, such as anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet, antiarrhythmic and cholesterol lowering agents. Above all, special attention should be paid in older patients and in those belonging to special populations, who more frequently require the concomitant use of polytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binda
- Gastroenterologic Area, Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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32
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Nguyen QT, de Gonzalo G, Binda C, Rioz-Martínez A, Mattevi A, Fraaije MW. Biocatalytic Properties and Structural Analysis of Eugenol Oxidase from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1: A Versatile Oxidative Biocatalyst. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1359-66. [PMID: 27123962 PMCID: PMC5089669 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol oxidase (EUGO) from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 had previously been shown to convert only a limited set of phenolic compounds. In this study, we have explored the biocatalytic potential of this flavoprotein oxidase, resulting in a broadened substrate scope and a deeper insight into its structural properties. In addition to the oxidation of vanillyl alcohol and the hydroxylation of eugenol, EUGO can efficiently catalyze the dehydrogenation of various phenolic ketones and the selective oxidation of a racemic secondary alcohol-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol. EUGO was also found to perform the kinetic resolution of a racemic secondary alcohol. Crystal structures of the enzyme in complexes with isoeugenol, coniferyl alcohol, vanillin, and benzoate have been determined. The catalytic center is a remarkable solvent-inaccessible cavity on the si side of the flavin cofactor. Structural comparison with vanillyl alcohol oxidase from Penicillium simplicissimum highlights a few localized changes that correlate with the selectivity of EUGO for phenolic substrates bearing relatively small p-substituents while tolerating o-methoxy substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc-Thai Nguyen
- Molecular Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and, Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, NL
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gonzalo de Gonzalo
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ana Rioz-Martínez
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, NL
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and, Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, NL.
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33
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Fiorentini F, Geier M, Binda C, Winkler M, Faber K, Hall M, Mattevi A. Biocatalytic Characterization of Human FMO5: Unearthing Baeyer-Villiger Reactions in Humans. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1039-48. [PMID: 26771671 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Flavin-containing mono-oxygenases are known as potent drug-metabolizing enzymes, providing complementary functions to the well-investigated cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases. While human FMO isoforms are typically involved in the oxidation of soft nucleophiles, the biocatalytic activity of human FMO5 (along its physiological role) has long remained unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate the atypical in vitro activity of human FMO5 as a Baeyer-Villiger mono-oxygenase on a broad range of substrates, revealing the first example to date of a human protein catalyzing such reactions. The isolated and purified protein was active on diverse carbonyl compounds, whereas soft nucleophiles were mostly non- or poorly reactive. The absence of the typical characteristic sequence motifs sets human FMO5 apart from all characterized Baeyer-Villiger mono-oxygenases so far. These findings open new perspectives in human oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Fiorentini
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata
9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Geier
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata
9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Margit Winkler
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata
9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Binda C, Robinson RM, Martin Del Campo JS, Keul ND, Rodriguez PJ, Robinson HH, Mattevi A, Sobrado P. An unprecedented NADPH domain conformation in lysine monooxygenase NbtG provides insights into uncoupling of oxygen consumption from substrate hydroxylation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12676-88. [PMID: 25802330 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Hydroxylating monooxygenases are involved in the biosynthesis of iron-chelating hydroxamate-containing siderophores that play a role in microbial virulence. These flavoenzymes catalyze the NADPH- and oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of amines such as those found on the side chains of lysine and ornithine. In this work we report the biochemical and structural characterization of Nocardia farcinica Lys monooxygenase (NbtG), which has similar biochemical properties to mycobacterial homologs. NbtG is also active on d-Lys, although it binds l-Lys with a higher affinity. Differently from the ornithine monooxygenases PvdA, SidA, and KtzI, NbtG can use both NADH and NADPH and is highly uncoupled, producing more superoxide and hydrogen peroxide than hydroxylated Lys. The crystal structure of NbtG solved at 2.4 Å resolution revealed an unexpected protein conformation with a 30° rotation of the NAD(P)H domain with respect to the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) domain that precludes binding of the nicotinamide cofactor. This "occluded" structure may explain the biochemical properties of NbtG, specifically with regard to the substantial uncoupling and limited stabilization of the C4a-hydroperoxyflavin intermediate. Biological implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Binda
- From the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Reeder M Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and
| | | | - Nicholas D Keul
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and
| | - Pedro J Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and
| | - Howard H Robinson
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- From the Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy,
| | - Pablo Sobrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, and
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Neres J, Hartkoorn RC, Chiarelli LR, Gadupudi R, Pasca MR, Mori G, Venturelli A, Savina S, Makarov V, Kolly GS, Molteni E, Binda C, Dhar N, Ferrari S, Brodin P, Delorme V, Landry V, de Jesus Lopes Ribeiro AL, Farina D, Saxena P, Pojer F, Carta A, Luciani R, Porta A, Zanoni G, De Rossi E, Costi MP, Riccardi G, Cole ST. 2-Carboxyquinoxalines kill mycobacterium tuberculosis through noncovalent inhibition of DprE1. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:705-14. [PMID: 25427196 DOI: 10.1021/cb5007163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic screening of a quinoxaline library against replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis led to the identification of lead compound Ty38c (3-((4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid). With an MIC99 and MBC of 3.1 μM, Ty38c is bactericidal and active against intracellular bacteria. To investigate its mechanism of action, we isolated mutants resistant to Ty38c and sequenced their genomes. Mutations were found in rv3405c, coding for the transcriptional repressor of the divergently expressed rv3406 gene. Biochemical studies clearly showed that Rv3406 decarboxylates Ty38c into its inactive keto metabolite. The actual target was then identified by isolating Ty38c-resistant mutants of an M. tuberculosis strain lacking rv3406. Here, mutations were found in dprE1, encoding the decaprenylphosphoryl-d-ribose oxidase DprE1, essential for biogenesis of the mycobacterial cell wall. Genetics, biochemical validation, and X-ray crystallography revealed Ty38c to be a noncovalent, noncompetitive DprE1 inhibitor. Structure-activity relationship studies generated a family of DprE1 inhibitors with a range of IC50's and bactericidal activity. Co-crystal structures of DprE1 in complex with eight different quinoxaline analogs provided a high-resolution interaction map of the active site of this extremely vulnerable target in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Neres
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruben C. Hartkoorn
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent R. Chiarelli
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ramakrishna Gadupudi
- Tydock Pharma, srl Via Campi
183, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mori
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Svetlana Savina
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- A. N. Bakh
Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Makarov
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- A. N. Bakh
Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaelle S. Kolly
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Molteni
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neeraj Dhar
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Ferrari
- Tydock Pharma, srl Via Campi
183, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Priscille Brodin
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Inserm
U1019 − CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Delorme
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Inserm
U1019 − CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Landry
- Inserm
U1019 − CNRS UMR 8204, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | | | - Davide Farina
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Puneet Saxena
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Florence Pojer
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosaria Luciani
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessio Porta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Edda De Rossi
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Tydock Pharma, srl Via Campi
183, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi
183, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Department
of Biology and Biotecnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stewart T. Cole
- More Medicines for Tuberculosis (MM4TB) Consortium
- Global
Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem P. Dijkman
- Molecular
Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata
1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular
Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata
1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Paparo F, Puppo C, Montale A, Bacigalupo L, Pascariello A, Clavarezza M, Binda C, Rollandi GA, Binda GA. Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and rigid rectoscopy in the preoperative identification of intra- and extraperitoneal rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:O379-85. [PMID: 24974862 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Accurate preoperative discrimination between extra- and intraperitoneal rectal cancer has important treatment implications. Our main objective was to compare the diagnostic performance of MRI with rigid rectoscopy (RRS) in assessing the location of rectal cancers above or below the peritoneal reflection (PR), using the findings obtained during abdominal surgery for treatment of the cancer as the reference standard. We also compared the accuracy of MRI and RRS in assessing the level of the lower border of the tumour from the anal verge. METHOD Patients with rectal carcinoma awaiting surgery underwent MRI and RRS. The MRI images were reviewed by two abdominal radiologists who determined the location of the inferior border of the tumour in relation to the PR. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic performance of RRS at different cut-off values. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity were 98.15% and 100%, respectively, for MRI, and 100% and 76.92%, respectively, for RRS at a cut-off value of < 10 cm. The mean level of the lower border of the tumour from the anal verge was 68 ± 44.3 mm on RRS and 73.5 ± 42.4 mm on MRI (P = 0.25), with a trend towards overestimation with MRI. CONCLUSION RRS is still the main means of assessing the level of a rectal tumour from the anal verge, but MRI has value in determining the level of the tumour in relation to the PR, which cannot be seen on endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Paparo
- Department of Radiology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
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38
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Naik M, Humnabadkar V, Tantry SJ, Panda M, Narayan A, Guptha S, Panduga V, Manjrekar P, Jena LK, Koushik K, Shanbhag G, Jatheendranath S, Manjunatha MR, Gorai G, Bathula C, Rudrapatna S, Achar V, Sharma S, Ambady A, Hegde N, Mahadevaswamy J, Kaur P, Sambandamurthy VK, Awasthy D, Narayan C, Ravishankar S, Madhavapeddi P, Reddy J, Prabhakar KR, Saralaya R, Chatterji M, Whiteaker J, McLaughlin B, Chiarelli LR, Riccardi G, Pasca MR, Binda C, Neres J, Dhar N, Signorino-Gelo F, McKinney JD, Ramachandran V, Shandil R, Tommasi R, Iyer PS, Narayanan S, Hosagrahara V, Kavanagh S, Dinesh N, Ghorpade SR. 4-Aminoquinolone Piperidine Amides: Noncovalent Inhibitors of DprE1 with Long Residence Time and Potent Antimycobacterial Activity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5419-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5005978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurent R. Chiarelli
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - João Neres
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Neeraj Dhar
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - John D. McKinney
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Kavanagh
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Alderley
Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
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Esteban G, Allan J, Samadi A, Mattevi A, Unzeta M, Marco-Contelles J, Binda C, Ramsay RR. Kinetic and structural analysis of the irreversible inhibition of human monoamine oxidases by ASS234, a multi-target compound designed for use in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1844:1104-10. [PMID: 24642166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAO) and cholinesterases are validated targets in the design of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The multi-target compound N-((5-(3-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)propoxy)-1-methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)methyl)-N-methylprop-2-yn-1-amine (ASS234), bearing the MAO-inhibiting propargyl group attached to a donepezil moiety that inhibits cholinesterases, retained activity against human acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterases. The inhibition of MAO A and MAO B by ASS234 was characterized and compared to other known MAO inhibitors. ASS234 was almost as effective as clorgyline (kinact/KI=3×10(6) min(-1)M(-1)) and was shown by structural studies to form the same N5 covalent adduct with the FAD cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Esteban
- Departamento de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institute of Neuroscience, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Allan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 8QP, UK
| | - Abdelouahid Samadi
- Laboratorio de Química Medica (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Departamento de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Institute of Neuroscience, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratorio de Química Medica (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Rona R Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 8QP, UK.
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40
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Neres J, Pojer F, Molteni E, Chiarelli LR, Dhar N, Boy-Röttger S, Buroni S, Fullam E, Degiacomi G, Lucarelli AP, Read RJ, Zanoni G, Edmondson DE, De Rossi E, Pasca MR, McKinney JD, Dyson PJ, Riccardi G, Mattevi A, Cole ST, Binda C. Structural basis for benzothiazinone-mediated killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2013; 4:150ra121. [PMID: 22956199 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The benzothiazinone BTZ043 is a tuberculosis drug candidate with nanomolar whole-cell activity. BTZ043 targets the DprE1 catalytic component of the essential enzyme decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribofuranose-2'-epimerase, thus blocking biosynthesis of arabinans, vital components of mycobacterial cell walls. Crystal structures of DprE1, in its native form and in a complex with BTZ043, reveal formation of a semimercaptal adduct between the drug and an active-site cysteine, as well as contacts to a neighboring catalytic lysine residue. Kinetic studies confirm that BTZ043 is a mechanism-based, covalent inhibitor. This explains the exquisite potency of BTZ043, which, when fluorescently labeled, localizes DprE1 at the poles of growing bacteria. Menaquinone can reoxidize the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor in DprE1 and may be the natural electron acceptor for this reaction in the mycobacterium. Our structural and kinetic analysis provides both insight into a critical epimerization reaction and a platform for structure-based design of improved inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Neres
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Binda C, Milczek EM, Bonivento D, Wang J, Mattevi A, Edmondson DE. Lights and shadows on monoamine oxidase inhibition in neuroprotective pharmacological therapies. Curr Top Med Chem 2012; 11:2788-96. [PMID: 22039878 DOI: 10.2174/156802611798184355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Playing a pivotal role in the metabolism of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, the mitochondrial enzymes monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO A and B) have been for long studied as drug targets for neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) are clinically used to treat Parkinson's disease and depression by blocking the degradation of neuroactive catecholamines and providing a symptomatic relief in the patients. More recent is the idea that the neuroprotective effect of MAOIs may result from the prevention of oxidative stress produced by the MAO reaction rather than being simply related to the inhibition of neurotransmitters degradation. Tranylcypromine and phenelzine are among the first developed MAOI drugs and have been used for years to treat depression. Their usage is now limited to cases of refractory depression because of their negative side effects, which are due to both the lack of MAO A/MAO B selectivity and the inhibition of other enzymes such as the drug-metabolizing cytochromes P450. Although the multi-target action of these MAOIs determines negative implications, the most newly developed compounds have improved properties not only for their specificity relatively to MAO A/MAO B selectivity but also because they function through multiple mechanisms that produce beneficial effects. In particular, safinamide, a MAO B selective inhibitor in clinical trials for Parkinson's disease, is neuroprotective by blocking the voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels and the Ca2+-mediated glutamate release processes. Rasagiline is a drug used in combination with L-dopa in the treatment of parkinsonian patients and the metabolic products of its degradation exert neuroprotective effects. Moreover, rasagiline scaffold is used to design analogs by addition of pharmacophores that act on other neurological targets. This multi-target approach may prove successful in order to find new and more effective therapies for the complexity of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Binda
- Dept. Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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42
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Milczek EM, Binda C, Rovida S, Mattevi A, Edmondson DE. The 'gating' residues Ile199 and Tyr326 in human monoamine oxidase B function in substrate and inhibitor recognition. FEBS J 2011; 278:4860-9. [PMID: 21978362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major structural difference between human monoamine oxidases A (MAO A) and B (MAO B) is that MAO A has a monopartite substrate cavity of ~550 Å(3) volume and MAO B contains a dipartite cavity structure with volumes of ~290 Å(3) (entrance cavity) and ~400 Å(3) (substrate cavity). Ile199 and Tyr326 side chains separate these two cavities in MAO B. To probe the function of these gating residues, Ile199Ala and Ile199Ala-Tyr326Ala mutant forms of MAO B were investigated. Structural data on the Ile199Ala MAO B mutant show no alterations in active site geometries compared with wild-type enzyme while the Ile199Ala-Tyr326Ala MAO B mutant exhibits alterations in residues 100-103 which are part of the loop gating the entrance to the active site. Both mutant enzymes exhibit catalytic properties with increased amine K(M) but unaltered k(cat) values. The altered K(M) values on mutation are attributed to the influence of the cavity structure in the binding and subsequent deprotonation of the amine substrate. Both mutant enzymes exhibit weaker binding affinities relative to wild-type enzyme for small reversible inhibitors. Ile199Ala MAO B exhibits an increase in binding affinity for reversible MAO B specific inhibitors which bridge both cavities. The Ile199Ala-Tyr326Ala double mutant exhibits inhibitor binding properties more similar to those of MAO A than to MAO B. These results demonstrate that the bipartite cavity structure in MAO B plays an important role in substrate and inhibitor recognition to distinguish its specificities from those of MAO A and provide insights into specific reversible inhibitor design for these membrane-bound enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Milczek
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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43
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Binda C, Aldeco M, Geldenhuys WJ, Tortorici M, Mattevi A, Edmondson DE. Molecular Insights into Human Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibition by the Glitazone Anti-Diabetes Drugs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 3:39-42. [PMID: 22282722 DOI: 10.1021/ml200196p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely employed anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone (Actos) is shown to be a specific and reversible inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (MAO B). The crystal structure of the enzyme-inhibitor complex shows the R-enantiomer is bound with the thiazolidinedione ring near the flavin. The molecule occupies both substrate and entrance cavities of the active site establishing non-covalent interactions with the surrounding amino acids. These binding properties differentiate pioglitazone from the clinically used MAO inhibitors, which act through covalent inhibition mechanisms and do not exhibit a high degree of MAO A versus B selectivity. Rosiglitazone (Avandia) and troglitazone, other members of the glitazone class, are less selective in that they are weaker inhibitors of both MAO A and MAO B These results suggest that pioglitazone may have utility as a "re-purposed" neuro-protectant drug in retarding the progression of disease in Parkinson's patients. They also provide new insights for the development of reversible isoenzyme-specific MAO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Binda
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milagros Aldeco
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Werner J. Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
44272, United States
| | - Marcello Tortorici
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dale E. Edmondson
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Baron R, Binda C, Tortorici M, McCammon JA, Mattevi A. Molecular mimicry and ligand recognition in binding and catalysis by the histone demethylase LSD1-CoREST complex. Structure 2011; 19:212-20. [PMID: 21300290 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Histone demethylases LSD1 and LSD2 (KDM1A/B) catalyze the oxidative demethylation of Lys4 of histone H3. We used molecular dynamics simulations to probe the diffusion of the oxygen substrate. Oxygen can reach the catalytic center independently from the presence of a bound histone peptide, implying that LSD1 can complete subsequent demethylation cycles without detaching from the nucleosomal particle. The simulations highlight the role of a strictly conserved active-site Lys residue providing general insight into the enzymatic mechanism of oxygen-reacting flavoenzymes. The crystal structure of LSD1-CoREST bound to a peptide of the transcription factor SNAIL1 unravels a fascinating example of molecular mimicry. The SNAIL1 N-terminal residues bind to the enzyme active-site cleft, effectively mimicking the H3 tail. This finding predicts that other members of the SNAIL/Scratch transcription factor family might associate to LSD1/2. The combination of selective histone-modifying activity with the distinct recognition mechanisms underlies the biological complexity of LSD1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Baron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, and Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0365, USA.
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Abstract
The structural elucidations of human monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO-A and -B) have provided novel insights into their similarities and differences. Although the enzymes exhibit ∼70% sequence identities, highly conserved chain folds, and are structurally identical in their flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding sites, they differ considerably in the structures of their active sites opposite the flavin cofactor. MAO-A has a monopartite cavity of ∼550 ų, and MAO-B exhibits a bipartite cavity structure with an entrance cavity of 290 ų and a substrate cavity of ∼400 ų. Ile199 functions as a conformational "gate" separating the two cavities. Both enzymes are anchored to the outer mitochondrial membrane via C-terminal helical tails. Loop structures are found at the entrances to their active sites at the membrane surface. Although the crystal structure of human MAO-A is monomeric while MAO-B is dimeric, both enzymes are dimeric in their membrane-bound forms. Dimerization may be important for the favorable orientation of the resultant protein dipole moment toward the anionic membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Binda
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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46
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Binda C, Aldeco M, Mattevi A, Edmondson DE. Interactions of monoamine oxidases with the antiepileptic drug zonisamide: specificity of inhibition and structure of the human monoamine oxidase B complex. J Med Chem 2010; 54:909-12. [PMID: 21175212 DOI: 10.1021/jm101359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The binding of zonisamide to purified, recombinant monoamine oxidases (MAOs) has been investigated. It is a competitive inhibitor of human MAO B (K(i) = 3.1 ± 0.3 μM), of rat MAO B (K(i) = 2.9 ± 0.5 μM), and of zebrafish MAO (K(i) = 30.8 ± 5.3 μM). No inhibition is observed with purified human or rat MAO A. The 1.8 Å structure of the MAO B complex demonstrates that it binds within the substrate cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Binda
- Department Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, Pavia 27100, Italy
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Bonivento D, Milczek EM, McDonald GR, Binda C, Holt A, Edmondson DE, Mattevi A. Potentiation of ligand binding through cooperative effects in monoamine oxidase B. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:36849-56. [PMID: 20855894 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.169482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallographic and biochemical studies have been employed to identify the binding site and mechanism for potentiation of imidazoline binding in human monoamine oxidase B (MAO B). 2-(2-Benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI) inhibits recombinant human MAO B with a K(i) of 8.3 ± 0.6 μM, whereas tranylcypromine-inhibited MAO B binds 2-BFI with a K(d) of 9 ± 2 nM, representing an increase in binding energy Δ(ΔG) of -3.9 kcal/mol. Crystal structures show the imidazoline ligand bound in a site that is distinct from the substrate-binding cavity. Contributions to account for the increase in binding affinity upon tranylcypromine inhibition include a conformational change in the side chain of Gln(206) and a "closed conformation" of the side chain of Ile(199), forming a hydrophobic "sandwich" with the side chain of Ile(316) on each face of the benzofuran ring of 2-BFI. Data with the I199A mutant of human MAO B and failure to observe a similar binding potentiation with rat MAO B, where Ile(316) is replaced with a Val residue, support an allosteric mechanism where the increased binding affinity of 2-BFI results from a cooperative increase in H-bond strength through formation of a more hydrophobic milieu. These insights should prove valuable in the design of high affinity and specific reversible MAO B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bonivento
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia PV, Italy
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48
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Binda C, Valente S, Romanenghi M, Pilotto S, Cirilli R, Karytinos A, Ciossani G, Botrugno OA, Forneris F, Tardugno M, Edmondson DE, Minucci S, Mattevi A, Mai A. Biochemical, structural, and biological evaluation of tranylcypromine derivatives as inhibitors of histone demethylases LSD1 and LSD2. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:6827-33. [PMID: 20415477 DOI: 10.1021/ja101557k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
LSD1 and LSD2 histone demethylases are implicated in a number of physiological and pathological processes, ranging from tumorigenesis to herpes virus infection. A comprehensive structural, biochemical, and cellular study is presented here to probe the potential of these enzymes for epigenetic therapies. This approach employs tranylcypromine as a chemical scaffold for the design of novel demethylase inhibitors. This drug is a clinically validated antidepressant known to target monoamine oxidases A and B. These two flavoenzymes are structurally related to LSD1 and LSD2. Mechanistic and crystallographic studies of tranylcypromine inhibition reveal a lack of selectivity and differing covalent modifications of the FAD cofactor depending on the enantiomeric form. These findings are pharmacologically relevant, since tranylcypromine is currently administered as a racemic mixture. A large set of tranylcypromine analogues were synthesized and screened for inhibitory activities. We found that the common evolutionary origin of LSD and MAO enzymes, despite their unrelated functions and substrate specificities, is reflected in related ligand-binding properties. A few compounds with partial enzyme selectivity were identified. The biological activity of one of these new inhibitors was evaluated with a cellular model of acute promyelocytic leukemia chosen since its pathogenesis includes aberrant activities of several chromatin modifiers. Marked effects on cell differentiation and an unprecedented synergistic activity with antileukemia drugs were observed. These data demonstrate that these LSD1/2 inhibitors are of potential relevance for the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia and, more generally, as tools to alter chromatin state with promise of a block of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Binda
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an enzyme that removes methyl groups from mono- and dimethylated Lys4 of histone H3, a post-translational modification associated with gene activation. Human LSD1 was the first histone demethylase to be discovered and this enzymatic activity is conserved among eukaryotes. LSD1 has been identified in a number of chromatin-remodeling complexes that control gene transcription and its demethylase activity has also been linked to pathological processes including tumorigenesis. The 852-residue sequence of LSD1 comprises an amine oxidase domain which identifies a family of enzymes that catalyze the FAD-dependent oxidation of amine substrates ranging from amino acids to aromatic neurotransmitters. Among these proteins, LSD1 is peculiar in that it acts on a protein substrate in the nuclear environment of chromatin-remodeling complexes. This functional divergence occurred during evolution from the eubacteria to eukaryotes by acquisition of additional domains such as the SWIRM domain. The N-terminal part of LSD1, predicted to be disordered, contains linear motifs that might represent functional sites responsible for the association of this enzyme with a variety of transcriptional protein complexes. LSD1 shares structural features with other flavin amine oxidases, including the overall fold of the amine oxidase domain region and details in the active site that are relevant for amine substrate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Forneris
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Italy
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50
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Edmondson DE, Binda C, Wang J, Upadhyay AK, Mattevi A. Molecular and mechanistic properties of the membrane-bound mitochondrial monoamine oxidases. Biochemistry 2009; 48:4220-30. [PMID: 19371079 DOI: 10.1021/bi900413g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has brought major advances in our knowledge of the structures and mechanisms of MAO A and MAO B, which are pharmacological targets for specific inhibitors. In both enzymes, crystallographic and biochemical data show their respective C-terminal transmembrane helices anchor the enzymes to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Pulsed EPR data show both enzymes are dimeric in their membrane-bound forms with agreement between distances measured in their crystalline forms. Distances measured between active site-directed spin-labels in membrane preparations show excellent agreement with those estimated from crystallographic data. Our knowledge of requirements for development of specific reversible MAO B inhibitors is in a fairly mature status. Less is known regarding the structural requirements for highly specific reversible MAO A inhibitors. In spite of their 70% level of sequence identity and similarities of C(alpha) folds, the two enzymes exhibit significant functional and structural differences that can be exploited in the ultimate goal of the development of highly specific inhibitors. This review summarizes the current structural and mechanistic information available that can be utilized in the development of future highly specific neuroprotectants and cardioprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale E Edmondson
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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