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Study of Xoconostle ( Opuntia spp.) Powder as Source of Dietary Fiber and Antioxidants. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040403. [PMID: 32244651 PMCID: PMC7231072 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the nutritional composition, antioxidant properties, and functional characteristics of two cultivars of xoconostle Opuntia xoconostle F.A.C. Weber in Diguet cv. Cuaresmeño (XC) and Opuntia matudae Scheinvar cv. Rosa (XR). The samples were frozen (-32 °C, 48 h), lyophilized (96 h, -55 ± 1 °C, vacuum of 0.040 Mbar), and homogenized (size particle 500 μm) to get the xoconostle powder. Both cultivars (XC and XR) had a high content of carbohydrates characterized by soluble sugars (9.8 ± 0.7 and 29.9 ± 0.5 g/100 g dm) and dietary fiber (30.8 ± 0.7 and 36.8 ± 0.9 g/100 g dm), as well as lower proportions of organic acids, mainly citric acid (18.8 ± 0.0 and 13.6 ± 0.0 mg/100 g dm). These samples also had a high content of phenolic compounds (1580.3 ± 33.1 and 1068.5 ± 70.8 mg GAE/100 g dm), vitamin C (723.1 ± 16 and 320.2 ± 7.5 mg/100 g dm), and antioxidant activity ABTS·+ and DPPH· (between 1348.1 ± 74.0 and 3318.7 ± 178.8 µmol TE/100 g dm). Since xoconostle samples had a high content of dietary fiber, they were characterized by the capacity of water retention (water holding capacity 6.00 ± 0.1 and 5.5 ± 0.2 g H2O/g dm) and gel formation (swelling 5.2 ± 0.0 and 5.5 ± 0.0 g H2O/g dm), related with the retention of lipids and glucose in the food matrix similar to other foods. XR was characterized by a higher amount of dietary fiber, sugars and organic acids, while XC had higher phenols content and antioxidant properties, with higher values of functional properties. Then, our data suggest that both xoconostle cultivars in powder can be used as a functional ingredient for its fiber content and antioxidant properties, contributing with sensorial aspects as flavor and color. Therefore, these highly valued products can be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Impact of particle size on functional, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of cladode powder ( Opuntia ficus-indica). JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:943-954. [PMID: 32123415 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Particle size is an important quality parameter of pharmaceutical and processed food products. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of powder fractionation on the functional, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of cladode powder with particle size ranging from < 45 to 500 µm. Granulometric study presented bimodal granules' volume distribution explaining the irregular shape of particles. The results indicated that functional properties were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by particle size distribution and the critical fraction size was 63-80 µm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that morphology of cladode powder granules was highly related to the grinding treatment. Physicochemical analysis showed that ash content and soluble solids were more affected contrary to moisture, pH and titratable acidity. Chlorophylls (a, b) and carotenoids content of fractionated powder were affected significantly unlike color (b* value). The granulometric classes (80-100 µm) had the highest polyphenol and flavonoids content (605.30 mg GAE/100 g and 476.33 mg CE/100 g respectively). Two fractions "100-200 µm" and "80-100 µm" exhibited a high rise in the antioxidant activity as determined by the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP essays compared to other fractions. The chemical composition and bioactive compounds analysis of cladode powder confirmed a differential distribution of chemical composition and bioactive compounds according to particle size.
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Scognamiglio F, Gattia DM, Roselli G, Persia F, De Angelis U, Santulli C. Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Films Added with Mucilage from Opuntia Ficus Indica: Mechanical, Microstructural and Thermal Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1000. [PMID: 32102225 PMCID: PMC7078619 DOI: 10.3390/ma13041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Opuntia cladodes are a typical vegetable waste, from which mucilage in gel form can be extracted. This work proposes blending it with a self-produced thermoplastic starch (TPS), originating from potato starch with a high content in glycerol (ca. 30%). Three methods were compared for extraction, bare maceration (MA), mechanical blending (ME) and mechanical blending following maceration (MPM) to produce films with an approximate thickness of 150 μm. For the comparison, tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used. The MPM process proved the most effective, not only for extraction yielding, but also to obtain a larger deformation of the samples with respect to the one allowed by the pure TPS films. A considerable plasticization effect was observed. Despite this, the mechanical performance is still not completely satisfactory, and the expected effect of the calcium and magnesium salts contained in the mucilage to improve the rigidity of the TPS film was not really revealed. Prospected improvements would concern the fabrication process and the investigation of other possible loading modes and sample geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Scognamiglio
- Technologies and Diagnostics for Conservation and Restoration Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Pacifici Mazzoni 2, 63100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy;
| | - Daniele Mirabile Gattia
- Department of Sustainability SSPT-ENEA—Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (D.M.G.); (F.P.); (U.D.A.)
| | - Graziella Roselli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Franca Persia
- Department of Sustainability SSPT-ENEA—Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (D.M.G.); (F.P.); (U.D.A.)
| | - Ugo De Angelis
- Department of Sustainability SSPT-ENEA—Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy; (D.M.G.); (F.P.); (U.D.A.)
| | - Carlo Santulli
- School of Science and Technology, Geology Division, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Alginate hydrogels for bone tissue engineering, from injectables to bioprinting: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dick M, Limberger C, Cruz Silveira Thys R, de Oliveira Rios A, Hickmann Flôres S. Mucilage and cladode flour from cactus (Opuntia monacantha) as alternative ingredients in gluten-free crackers. Food Chem 2020; 314:126178. [PMID: 31981886 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cactus cladode offers innovative ingredients such as cactus mucilage (CM) and cladode flour (CF) for producing gluten-free snacks. Five different crackers were formulated: C-C (control cracker prepared with 2% of commercial gums), C-CM (cracker containing 2% of CM instead of commercial gums), C-CF5, C-CF10, and C-CF15 (crackers incorporated of 5%, 10%, and 15% CF, respectively - free of commercial gums). CF characterization is also presented, demonstrating its great technological potentiality. The proximate composition of C-CM and C-CF mostly differed for ash and fiber content as compared to C-C. In general, crackers' physical properties were not impacted by CM or CF addition, except for the darker color of CF-supplemented crackers. The C-CM and CF-incorporated crackers showed higher total phenolics and antioxidant activity. Additionally, the latter samples were enhanced with carotenoids. Sensory evaluation revealed that C-CM and C-CF5 were those most accepted. Therefore, CM and CF are interesting alternatives for gluten-free cracker formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Dick
- Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15059, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christian Limberger
- Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15059, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cruz Silveira Thys
- Baking Laboratory, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15059, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandro de Oliveira Rios
- Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15059, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Hickmann Flôres
- Bioactive Compounds Laboratory, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15059, ZC 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Beker SA, Truskewycz A, Cole I, Ball AS. Green synthesis of Opuntia-derived carbon nanodots for the catalytic decolourization of cationic dyes. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03013a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots, rich in functional groups and synthesised using green precursors, catalyse the decolourization of dyes under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A. Beker
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Bundoora
- Australia
| | - Adam Truskewycz
- Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication
- School of Engineering
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ivan Cole
- Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication
- School of Engineering
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Andrew S. Ball
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Bundoora
- Australia
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57
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Guo F, de Lima Stebbins D, Toomey RG, Alcantar NA. Interfacial Phenomena of Natural Dispersants for Crude Oil Spills. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15904-15913. [PMID: 31607124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A natural surfactant was studied to simulate the dispersion process of crude oil in water. The interfacial phenomena of this natural dispersant was compared with a commercially available chemical dispersant, COREXIT EC9500A. This functional surfactant was extracted from the mucilage of the Opuntia ficus-indica cactus species. The evaluation to determine the efficacy to disperse crude oil of the cactus-based mucilage extract (nongelling extract, NE) was based on characterizing surface and interfacial tension, dispersion efficiency, mixing effects, salinity effects, stability, and droplets size distributions. We found that surface tension values follow a linear relationship with respect to the natural logarithm of the concentrations of NE. The application of NE in the water phase led to decreasing oil/water interfacial tensions. Surface tension tests were also used to quantify the effect of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion ratios once either natural or commercialized dispersants were added. A key finding of our work is that the surface tension between typical 6% and 3% v/v O/W emulsions was significantly reduced with the addition of discrete amounts of NE. This result indicated that the dynamic balance between O/W and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions was thermodynamically more stable toward O/W emulsion states with NE. We also found that O/W emulsions with higher dispersion effectiveness were formed for both 10 and 35 practical salinity units, as the dispersant to oil ratios increased, with a significant correlation to the mixing energy. We observed that the O/W emulsions with natural dispersants had a significantly smaller weighted average diameter compared to those with COREXIT EC9500A. Such a phenomenon can be explained by understanding intermolecular interactions due to the structure and type of dispersant. In conclusion, cactus-based mucilage extracts could be used as environmentally benign dispersants and, therefore, reduce negative social perceptions of the application of dispersants to clean up spilled oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Daniela de Lima Stebbins
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Ryan G Toomey
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Norma A Alcantar
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
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Davis SC, Simpson J, Gil-Vega KDC, Niechayev NA, van Tongerlo E, Castano NH, Dever LV, Búrquez A. Undervalued potential of crassulacean acid metabolism for current and future agricultural production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6521-6537. [PMID: 31087091 PMCID: PMC6883259 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential for crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to support resilient crops that meet demands for food, fiber, fuel, and pharmaceutical products far exceeds current production levels. This review provides background on five families of plants that express CAM, including examples of many species within these families that have potential agricultural uses. We summarize traditional uses, current developments, management practices, environmental tolerance ranges, and economic values of CAM species with potential commercial applications. The primary benefit of CAM in agriculture is high water use efficiency that allows for reliable crop yields even in drought conditions. Agave species, for example, grow in arid conditions and have been exploited for agricultural products in North and South America for centuries. Yet, there has been very little investment in agricultural improvement for most useful Agave varieties. Other CAM species that are already traded globally include Ananas comosus (pineapple), Aloe spp., Vanilla spp., and Opuntia spp., but there are far more with agronomic uses that are less well known and not yet developed commercially. Recent advances in technology and genomic resources provide tools to understand and realize the tremendous potential for using CAM crops to produce climate-resilient agricultural commodities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Davis
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - June Simpson
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | | | - Nicholas A Niechayev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Evelien van Tongerlo
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louisa V Dever
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alberto Búrquez
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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Angulo-Bejarano PI, Gómez-García MDR, Valverde ME, Paredes-López O. Nopal (Opuntia spp.) and its Effects on Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights for the Use of a Millenary Plant. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3457-3477. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191010171819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background:Nopal (Opuntia spp.) is by excellence the most utilized cactus in human and animal nutrition. It is also a very noble plant; its main physicochemical, nutritional and nutraceutical characteristics allow the use of nopal in diverse food applications. Special focus has been given over the past decades in the use of Opuntia for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is predominantly related to Diabetes Mellitus. In this sense, the prevalence of MetS is increasing at a worldwide level. This in turn has led to a notorious demand for natural and nutraceutical food sources.Methods:The objective of this work was to summarize the main contributions in the field of Opuntia spp. research highlighting the potential use of nopal fruits or cladodes in MetS treatment, providing the reader with historical and novel information in this field. Nevertheless, the present work is not a meta-analysis. We included mainly information from recognized scientific databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. No homeopathic based studies were included since they lack scientific validation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that fairly categorizes the majority of the information in this field into subsections, which can be of interest for the reader, such as the effect of nopal against cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity among others.Conclusion:Nopal constitutes one of the most studied members of the Cactaceae family; its potential effects on human health have been described since ancient times, mostly through traditional medicine. The present work highlights the importance of this plant in the treatment of MetS related maladies and points out the importance of elucidating new compounds and their validation for the interactions of nutraceutical compounds which could be related to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Isabel Angulo-Bejarano
- Centre of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Queretaro, Qro, Mexico
| | | | - Maria Elena Valverde
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Campus Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Octavio Paredes-López
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN, Campus Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Abstract
Natural polymers have been widely investigated for the development of eco-friendly materials. Among these bio-polymers, cactus mucilage is attracting increasing interest regardless of the plant species or the plant organ used for extraction. Mucilage, which is a highly branched heteropolysaccharide, has been previously studied for its chemical composition, structural features, and biotechnological applications. This review highlights the mucilage application in the food packaging industry, by developing films and coatings. These cactus-based biomaterials will be discussed for their functional properties and their potential in preserving food quality and extending shelf life.
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Antidiabetic Activity of Cactus Acid Fruit Extracts: Simulated Intestinal Conditions of the Inhibitory Effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9194066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acid cactus fruits “xoconostle” have been used since the pre-Columbian period as a treatment against diverse diseases. In this study, bioactive compounds (phenols and flavonoids) and the in vitro inhibition effect against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were evaluated. Four different extracts of cactus acid fruits were prepared from (1) endocarp, (2) mesocarp, (3) pericarp and (4) whole fruit (WFE). The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between extracts. Pericarp extracts had 2.23 ± 0.01 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram GAE/g of phenol content and 0.84 ± 0.14 mg quercetin equivalents per gram QE/g flavonoid content, while WFE presented 1.52 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g and 0.84 ± 0.14 mg QE/g; however, the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were higher with WFE. It was found by using 25 mg/mL of WFE an α-amylase inhibition of 63. ± 1.53% and with 30 mg/mL of WFE an α-glucosidase inhibition of 46.5 ± 1.45% after simulated intestinal conditions. The WFE could be used as a therapeutic strategy in controlled diets of diabetic patients due to its low cost, natural origin, and effect after simulated intestinal conditions.
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Loretta B, Oliviero M, Vittorio M, Bojórquez-Quintal E, Franca P, Silvia P, Fabio Z. Quality by design approach to optimize cladodes soluble fiber processing extraction in Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Miller. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:3627-3634. [PMID: 31413390 PMCID: PMC6675920 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opuntia ficus indica by-products can be exploited as sources of high-value components for applications in food and other industries. The aim of the present work is to elucidate and optimize the mucilage extraction process from cladodes. The effect of five water-to-biomass ratios (1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9 w/v), pH range (2.0, 4.5, 7.0, 9.5, 12.0) and ionic strength (water supplemented with NaCl or CaCl2 at the concentration of 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mM) were evaluated on mucilage yield. The analysis of the critical factors was done by the response surface methodology. Ultrasound and microwave assisted extractions were evaluated to improve the mucilage recovery and quality. In this work: (1) the development of a multivariate model to predict mucilage recovery on the basis of biomass/water ratio and time of extraction; (2) pH, ionic strength and temperature were found critical process variables by the application of Plackett-Burman design; (3) the optimal operating conditions obtained were found to be: 1:9 biomass/water ratio, pH 12.0, ionic strength 1.0 mM NaCl; (4) ultrasonic or microwave treatments are efficient tools to enhance the recovery of mucilage depending on its final uses. Within a multi-disciplinary approach, this work provides achievements for a more efficient extraction process of soluble polymers from cladodes. Further studies on green assisted extraction tools and their effects in terms of quality of extracts are required in order to obtain high added value bio-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bacchetta Loretta
- Department of Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, ENEA, Via Anguillarese, 301 Rome, Italy
| | - Maccioni Oliviero
- Department of Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, ENEA, Via Anguillarese, 301 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Vittorio
- Department of Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, ENEA, Via Anguillarese, 301 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuel Bojórquez-Quintal
- CONACYT-El Colegio de Michoacán Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio, Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad, Michoacán Mexico
| | - Persia Franca
- Department of Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, ENEA, Via Anguillarese, 301 Rome, Italy
| | - Procacci Silvia
- Department of Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, ENEA, Via Anguillarese, 301 Rome, Italy
| | - Zaza Fabio
- Department of Sustainability of Production and Territorial Systems, ENEA, Via Anguillarese, 301 Rome, Italy
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Cactus pear antioxidants: a comparison between fruit pulp, fruit peel, fruit seeds and cladodes of eight different cactus pear cultivars (Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia robusta). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Opuntioside, opuntiol and its metallic nanoparticles attenuate adjuvant-induced arthritis: Novel suppressors of Toll-like receptors -2 and -4. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Hfaiedh M, Brahmi D, Zourgui MN, Zourgui L. Phytochemical analysis and nephroprotective effect of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) cladodes on sodium dichromate-induced kidney injury in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:239-247. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds, especially hexavalent chromium, is widely recognized as potentially nephrotoxic in humans and animals. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) against sodium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. Cactus cladodes extract (CCE) was phytochemically studied and tested in vitro for its potential antioxidant activities. Additionally, the preventive effect of CCE against sodium dichromate-induced renal dysfunction in a Wistar rat model (24 rats) was evaluated. For this purpose, CCE at a dose of 100 mg/kg was orally administered, followed by 10 mg/kg sodium dichromate (intraperitoneal injection). After 40 days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and the kidneys were excised for histological, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme analyses. The phenol, flavonoid, tannin, ascorbic acid, and carotenoid contents of CCE were considered to be important. Our analyses showed that 1 mL of CCE was equivalent to 982.5 ± 1.79 μg of gallic acid, 294.37 ± 0.84 μg of rutin, 234.78 ± 0.24 μg of catechin, 204.34 ± 1.53 μg of ascorbic acid, and 3.14 ± 0.51 μg of β-carotene. In vivo, pretreatment with CCE was found to provide significant protection against sodium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, preserving normal antioxidant activities, and protecting renal tissues from lesions and DNA damage. The nephroprotective potential of CCE against sodium dichromate toxicity might be due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbarka Hfaiedh
- Research Unit of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Dalel Brahmi
- Research Unit of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Substances, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Nizar Zourgui
- Research Unit of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Lazhar Zourgui
- Research Unit of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
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Rodríguez-Verástegui LL, Osorio-Córdoba J, Díaz de León-Sánchez F, López-Ramos AM, Pérez-Salvador BR, Rivera-Cabrera F, Mendoza-Espinoza JA, Pelayo-Zaldívar C. Thermal treatment and modified atmosphere packaging delay chilling injury and preserve the quality of cactus stems (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) cv Atlixco. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12773. [PMID: 31353566 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology was applied in order to select the optimal thermal treatment (TT) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) needed to preserve minimally processed cactus stems, cv Atlixco. Accordingly, a 42 s/48°C TT together with a 10% CO2 MAP were selected, and their effects evaluated during storage at 4°C. Controls lost more weight (3.8%) than TT (3.3%), MAP (1.4%), and TT-MAP (1.3%) cactus stems. Chilling injury (CI) symptoms decreased and were of a similar magnitude in both MAP and TT-MAP cactus stems, whereas TT-MAP cladodes were better able to preserve their characteristic green color and freshness, even after 28 days. Biochemically, no differences were detected in the electrolyte leakage (EL) of cactus stems, regardless of treatment. However, the high levels of adenosine triphosphate and of the reduced form of ascorbic acid, especially in MAP and TT-MAP cladodes, suggest that an efficient antioxidant system was present in their tissues throughout storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In Mexico, cactus stems have been eaten as vegetables since pre-Hispanic times, and their current status as functional foods has helped them spread to various other countries. As cactus stems possess abundant spines, minimal processing is necessary in order to remove them. Stems must also be kept at 4°C so that their quality and general safety as food items are adequately preserved. However, we previously found that this temperature caused significant CI after just 14 days of storage. The present study, therefore, describes the selection of optimal conditions for the application of a TT that, together with a modified atmosphere (MA), induce tolerance to CI and maintain the quality of stems for up to 28 days. As a result, this work provides the necessary postharvest tools to further expand the distribution and sale of minimally processed cactus stems into domestic and international markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette L Rodríguez-Verástegui
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, Mexico.,Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Juliana Osorio-Córdoba
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, Mexico
| | | | - Ana M López-Ramos
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, Mexico
| | | | - Fernando Rivera-Cabrera
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, Mexico
| | | | - Clara Pelayo-Zaldívar
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, Mexico
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Hernández-Domínguez EE, Vargas-Ortiz E, Bojórquez-Velázquez E, Barrera-Pacheco A, Santos-Díaz MS, Camarena-Rangel NG, Barba de la Rosa AP. Molecular characterization and in vitro interaction analysis of Op14-3-3 μ protein from Opuntia ficus-indica: identification of a new client protein from shikimate pathway. J Proteomics 2019; 198:151-162. [PMID: 30677553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In plants, 14-3-3 proteins are important modulators of protein-protein interactions in response to environmental stresses. The aim of the present work was to characterize one Opuntia ficus-indica 14-3-3 and get information about its client proteins. To achieve this goal, O. ficus-indica 14-3-3 cDNA, named as Op14-3-3 μ, was amplified by 3'-RACE methodology. Op14-3-3 μ contains an Open Reading Frame of 786 bp encoding a 261 amino acids protein. Op14-3-3 μ cDNA was cloned into a bacterial expression system and recombinant protein was purified. Differential Scanning Fluorimetry, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry were used for Op14-3-3 μ protein characterization, and Affinity-Purification-Mass Spectrometry analysis approach was used to obtain information about their potential client proteins. Pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit, and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase were identified. Interestingly chorismate mutase p-prephenate dehydratase was also identified. Op14-3-3 μ down-regulation was observed in Opuntia calluses when they were induced with Jasmonic Acid, while increased accumulation of Op14-3-3 μ protein was observed. The putative interaction of 14-3-3 μ with chorismate mutase, which have not been reported before, suggest that Op14-3-3 μ could be an important regulator of metabolites biosynthesis and responses to stress in Opuntia spp. SIGNIFICANCE: Opuntia species are important crops in arid and semiarid areas worldwide, but despite its relevance, little information about their tolerance mechanism to cope with harsh environmental conditions is reported. 14-3-3 proteins have gained attention due to its participation as protein-protein regulators and have been linked with primary metabolism and hormones responses. Here we present the characterization of the first Opuntia ficus-indica 14-3-3 (Op14-3-3) protein using affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) strategy. Op14-3-3 has high homology with other 14-3-3 from Caryophyllales. A novel Op14-3-3 client protein has been identified; the chorismate mutase p-prephenate dehydratase, key enzyme that links the primary with secondary metabolism. The present results open new questions about the Opuntia spp. pathways mechanisms in response to environmental stress and the importance of 14-3-3 proteins in betalains biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Hernández-Domínguez
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Erandi Vargas-Ortiz
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barrera-Pacheco
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico
| | - María S Santos-Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | | | - Ana P Barba de la Rosa
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico.
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68
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Berrabah H, Taïbi K, Ait Abderrahim L, Boussaid M. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) flowers from the Algerian germplasm. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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69
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Ciriminna R, Morreale V, Pecoraino M, Pagliaro M. Solar air drying for innovative Opuntia ficus-indicacladode dehydration. 4OPEN 2019; 2:1. [DOI: 10.1051/fopen/2019001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Providing a case study of general applicability in all world's semi-arid regions where the plant is increasingly harvested, we describe the use and outcomes of solar air heating and ventilation coupled to a conventional kiln to dehydrateOpuntia ficus-indicacladodes. For the first time, the dried cladodes and the ground dehydrated ‘Nopal’ cladodes retain their natural green-yellow color. New applications to functionalize foodstuff and to formulate nutraceutical, personal care and cosmetic products of even higher efficacy and broader scope are anticipated.
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70
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Identification and role of Opuntia ficus indica constituents in the flocculation mechanism of colloidal solutions. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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71
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Chemical Characterization of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Hydroalcoholic Extract and Its Efficiency against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5030080. [PMID: 30213060 PMCID: PMC6163712 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. is a xerophylous plant that originated in tropical and subtropical America. This plant is popularly known in Brazil as “palma forrageira” (cactus pear) and plays a fundamental role in animal nutrition, mainly in the Northeastern semi-arid region of the country. The plant has several uses since it presents bioactive compounds that confer biological and pharmacological properties. In this context, the cactus pear can also be considered a potential product to combat parasite infections. The objective of this study was to chemically characterize the O. ficus-indica hydroalcoholic extract (OFIEOH) and to determine its efficacy against gastrointestinal parasites using in vitro tests. Initially, the hydroalcoholic extract from cladode peels of O. ficus-indica was produced by maceration for 21 days. For the chemical characterization, colorimetric dosages were performed for carbohydrates, proteins, phenols and condensed tannins. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry/electron spray ionization (LC-MS/ESI) was used to characterize the polyphenolic profile of the OFIEOH extract. Fifteen compounds were identified in the OFIEOH extract, such as methyl, glycosylated and aglycone quercetin derivatives and aglycone and glycosylated kaempferol derivatives. Tri-glycosylated methyl quercetin derivatives were the main compounds identified. In vitro egg hatch (EHT) and larval migration tests (LMT) were used in a range of concentrations of OFIEOH from 12.5 to 100 mg/mL for EHT and 12.5 to 200 mg/mL for LMT. In addition, the LMT was used to test ivermectin (IVM) (from 11.4 to 57.1 µM), associated with the inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) for OFIEOH. The combination of OFIEOH (12.5 to 200 mg/mL) plus the IC50 of IVM was also tested. The efficacy of OFIEOH alone varied from 19.33 to 90.0% using the EHT. The LMT revealed an efficacy of 5.78 to 77.26% for the extract. Both tests showed a concentration-dependence inhibitory effect. We found a drug-extract antagonistic neutralizing effect when doses of IVM were added to OFIEOH (maximum efficacy of 73.78%), while a positive additive effect was observed when OFIEOH was added to the IC50 of IVM (IC50 of 82.79 for OFIEOH alone against an IC50 of 55.08 of OFIEOH + IVM). The data from this work indicate that OFIEOH alone may be considered as a suitable ecofriendly product to control gastrointestinal parasites of sheep, offering a more holistic approach to improve animal farming and welfare. The drug-extract interaction is also a promising therapeutic alternative, reducing the final dose to the host, with an optimum combination effect.
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72
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Cheikh Rouhou M, Abdelmoumen S, Thomas S, Attia H, Ghorbel D. Use of green chemistry methods in the extraction of dietary fibers from cactus rackets (Opuntia ficus indica): Structural and microstructural studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:901-910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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73
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Coleman JM, Benowitz KM, Jost AG, Matzkin LM. Behavioral evolution accompanying host shifts in cactophilic Drosophila larvae. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6921-6931. [PMID: 30073056 PMCID: PMC6065329 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For plant utilizing insects, the shift to a novel host is generally accompanied by a complex set of phenotypic adaptations. Many such adaptations arise in response to differences in plant chemistry, competitive environment, or abiotic conditions. One less well-understood factor in the evolution of phytophagous insects is the selective environment provided by plant shape and volume. Does the physical structure of a new plant host favor certain phenotypes? Here, we use cactophilic Drosophila, which have colonized the necrotic tissues of cacti with dramatically different shapes and volumes, to examine this question. Specifically, we analyzed two behavioral traits in larvae, pupation height, and activity that we predicted might be related to the ability to utilize variably shaped hosts. We found that populations of D. mojavensis living on lengthy columnar or barrel cactus hosts have greater activity and pupate higher in a laboratory environment than populations living on small and flat prickly pear cactus cladodes. Crosses between the most phenotypically extreme populations suggest that the genetic architectures of these behaviors are distinct. A comparison of activity in additional cactophilic species that are specialized on small and large cactus hosts shows a consistent trend. Thus, we suggest that greater motility and an associated tendency to pupate higher in the laboratory are potential larval adaptations for life on a large plant where space is more abundant and resources may be more sparsely distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Coleman
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleAlabama
| | | | - Alexandra G. Jost
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleAlabama
| | - Luciano M. Matzkin
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
- BIO5 InstituteUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
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74
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Aruwa CE, Amoo SO, Kudanga T. Opuntia (Cactaceae) plant compounds, biological activities and prospects - A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2018; 112:328-344. [PMID: 30131144 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia species are utilized as local medicinal interventions for chronic diseases and as food sources mainly because they possess nutritional properties and biological activities. The Opuntia plant is distributed worldwide and has great economic potential. Differences in Opuntia species phytochemical composition exist between wild and domesticated species, and within species. Opuntia aerial and underground parts exhibit beneficial properties due to their phenolic content, other antioxidants (for example ascorbate), pigments (carotenoids, betalains), and other unidentified components. This work comprehensively reviews the phytochemical composition of the different aerial and underground plant parts of Opuntia species. The applications of Opuntia compounds and their biological activities are also discussed. Other topical aspects covered include Opuntia spp. taurine composition, Opuntia side effects, Opuntia by-products valorisation and the role of Opuntia spp. in tackling antimicrobial resistance. Although biological activities have been extensively researched, much less information is available on reaction mechanisms, herbal mixtures toxicology and commercialisation prospects - aspects which should be considered for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Eleojo Aruwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Tukayi Kudanga
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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75
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De Santiago E, Pereira-Caro G, Moreno-Rojas JM, Cid C, De Peña MP. Digestibility of (Poly)phenols and Antioxidant Activity in Raw and Cooked Cactus Cladodes ( Opuntia ficus-indica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5832-5844. [PMID: 29770691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether heat treatment applied to cactus cladodes influences the bioaccessibility of their (poly)phenolic compounds after simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. A total of 45 (poly)phenols were identified and quantified in raw and cooked cactus cladodes by ultra high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detector high resolution mass spectrometry. Both flavonoids (60-68% total), mainly isorhamnetin derivatives, and phenolic acids (32-40%) with eucomic acids as the predominant ones significantly ( p < 0.05) increased with microwaving and griddling processes. After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, 55-64% of the total (poly)phenols of cooked cactus cladodes remained bioaccessible versus 44% in raw samples. Furthermore, digestive conditions and enzymes degraded or retained more flavonoids (37-63% bioaccessibility) than phenolic acids (56-87% bioaccessibility). Microwaved cactus cladodes contributed the highest amount of (poy)phenols (143.54 mg/g dm) after gastrointestinal process, followed by griddled samples (133.98 mg/g dm), showing the highest antioxidant capacity. Additionally, gastrointestinal digestion induced isomerizations among the three stereoisomeric forms of piscidic and eucomic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsy De Santiago
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición , Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología , C/Irunlarrea 1 , E-31008 Pamplona , Spain
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food Science and Health , Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA) , Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n , 14071 Córdoba . Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Food Science and Health , Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA) , Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n , 14071 Córdoba . Spain
| | - Concepción Cid
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición , Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología , C/Irunlarrea 1 , E-31008 Pamplona , Spain
| | - María-Paz De Peña
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición , Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología , C/Irunlarrea 1 , E-31008 Pamplona , Spain
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76
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Iglesias PP, Soto EM, Soto IM, Colines B, Hasson E. The influence of developmental environment on courtship song in cactophilicDrosophila. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:957-967. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P. Iglesias
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Eduardo M. Soto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ignacio M. Soto
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Betina Colines
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA); CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
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77
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Kharrat N, Salem H, Mrabet A, Aloui F, Triki S, Fendri A, Gargouri Y. Synergistic effect of polysaccharides, betalain pigment and phenolic compounds of red prickly pear (Opuntia stricta) in the stabilization of salami. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:561-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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78
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Khouloud A, Abedelmalek S, Chtourou H, Souissi N. The effect of Opuntia ficus-indica juice supplementation on oxidative stress, cardiovascular parameters, and biochemical markers following yo-yo Intermittent recovery test. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:259-268. [PMID: 29564091 PMCID: PMC5849923 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a flavonoid-rich fresh fruit juice on cardiovascular, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters during the yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT). Twenty-two healthy males subjects participated in this study divided into two groups: An experimental group (EG: n = 11) who consumed the antioxidant supplement and a control group (CG: n = 11). All participants performed two test sessions at 07:00 hr before and after 2 weeks of supplementation with Opuntia ficus-indica juice. Blood samples were taken before (P1) and immediately (P2) after the YYIRT. Our results showed that following the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ●) test, the Opuntia ficus-indica juice has an antioxidant capacity for capturing free radicals (p < .05) and reducing oxidative stress related to exercise. Concerning biochemical and cardiovascular parameters, our results showed a significant increase on total cholesterol (TC) (p < .01), triglycerides (TG) (p < .05), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < .01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < .01), creatine kinase (CK) (p < .01), lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) (p < .01), glucose (GLC) (p < .01), systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < .01) immediately after exercise. However, TC (p < .05), TG (p < .05) and LDL (p < .05), the maximal heart rate (HRmax), the CK (p < .05), and LDH (p < .01) as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < .01) demonstrated a significant decrease after supplementation of Opuntia ficus-indica juice before and immediately after YYIRT. However, no significant effect on HDL (p > .05), GLC (p > .05) levels nor the SBP and DBP (p > .05) was observed after supplementation with Opuntia ficus-indica juice. The supplementation leads to an improvement on YYIRT performance (The total distance covered during the YYIRT,VO 2max, VMA) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Opuntia ficus-indica juice has a potent antioxidant activity that reduces total and LDL-cholesterol with only a moderate lowering of HDL-cholesterol and oxidative stress. Moreover, supplementation decreases muscle damage caused by the endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloui Khouloud
- Research Laboratory ‘‘Sports performance optimization’’National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS)TunisTunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of BizerteUniversity of CarthageBizerteTunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- Department of Physiology and functional explorationsSousse Faculty of MedicineSousseTunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory ‘‘Sports performance optimization’’National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS)TunisTunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory ‘‘Sports performance optimization’’National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS)TunisTunisia
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79
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Italian Opuntia ficus-indica Cladodes as Rich Source of Bioactive Compounds with Health-Promoting Properties. Foods 2018; 7:foods7020024. [PMID: 29463028 PMCID: PMC5848128 DOI: 10.3390/foods7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural by-products, especially phenolic compounds, are in great demand by the nutra-pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. An analytical study was performed to investigate, for the first time, the presence of antioxidant constituents and the corresponding in vitro antioxidant activity in the extract of cladodes from Ficodindia di San Cono (Opuntia ficus-indica) protected designation of origin (PDO). The cladode extracts were analysed for target determination of selected constituents, i.e., β-polysaccharides and total phenolic content. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of hydro-alcoholic extracts was assessed by means of two different methods: α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. An untargeted UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS profiling approach was used to depict the phenolic profile of hydro-alcoholic cladode extracts. Interestingly, over 2 g/kg of polyphenols were detected in this matrix, and these compounds were mainly responsible for the antioxidant properties, as shown by the strong correlation between phenolic classes and antioxidant scores. Finally, this study provides basic information on the presence of bioactive compounds and in vitro antioxidant activities in cladode extracts from cactus that might recommend their novel applications at the industrial level in the field of nutraceutical products.
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80
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Scarpa ES, Emanuelli M, Frati A, Pozzi V, Antonini E, Diamantini G, Di Ruscio G, Sartini D, Armeni T, Palma F, Ninfali P. Betacyanins enhance vitexin-2-O-xyloside mediated inhibition of proliferation of T24 bladder cancer cells. Food Funct 2018; 7:4772-4780. [PMID: 27812566 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Betacyanins (BC) were purified from beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. rubra L.) and tested, alone or in combination with vitexin-2-O-xyloside (XVX) from Beta vulgaris var. cicla L., for their ability to reduce the proliferation rate in T24 bladder cancer cells. Combination of BC and XVX exhibited a synergistic effect concerning the inhibition of proliferation in T24 cancer cells at 24 and 48 h but not after 72 h of incubation. The induction of apoptosis was evidenced by means of fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, as well as through the increase in caspase 3 and 8 activities. Using RTqPCR experiments, it was shown that the combination of XVX + BC was able to enhance the expression levels of pro-apoptotic BAX and downregulate anti-apoptotic BIRC5 (survivin), as well as pro-survival CTNNB1 (β-catenin). The most evident effect of BC was the increase of the activity of caspase 8, leading to induction of extrinsic apoptosis. Moreover, XVX, BC and their combination showed no cytotoxic effect on normal human skin NCTC 2544 keratinocytes. These results demonstrated the efficacy and the mechanisms of the action of BC and XVX, extracted from edible plants, and suggested that a diet or a nutrition supplement, enriched with these bioactive molecules, could be used in the prevention of human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Scarpa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
| | - M Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy and New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Frati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
| | - V Pozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy and New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Antonini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
| | - G Diamantini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
| | - G Di Ruscio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - T Armeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
| | - P Ninfali
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
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81
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Elghandour MMY, Khusro A, Salem AZM, Mariezcurrena-Berasain MA, Camacho Díaz LM, Cipriano-Salazar M. Role of dose dependent Escherichia coli as ruminal anti-microflora agent to mitigate biogases production in prickly pear cactus flour based diet. Microb Pathog 2017; 115:208-215. [PMID: 29278783 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of Escherichia coli against the ruminal microflora fermentation activities in the mitigation of CH4 and CO2 production as well as ruminal fermentation kinetics by substituting dietary corn grain with prickly pear cactus (PC) flour. Three total mixed PC rations were prepared (/kg DM): 0 g (Control), 75 g (PC75), and 150 g (PC150). Besides, E. coli was supplemented at four different levels (dose): 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/g DM of substrates. The in vitro rumen GP, CH4, and CO2 were estimated to be affected due to various doses of E. coli up to 72 h of incubation. Asymptotic GP, fractional rate of GP, and lag time were influenced significantly (P < .05) in the presence of ration. However, E. coli doses showed minor impact on the rate of GP as well as lag time. The asymptotic CH4 production was decreased linearly (P = .005) at the ration PC150. E. coli doses reduced the asymptotic CH4 production at 10 and 20 mg/g DM. The asymptotic CO2 production was linearly (P < .001) decreased by different levels of PC. The cubic (P = .023) effect of E. coli doses as well as significant (P = .002) ration × E. coli doses impact were reported on asymptotic CO2 production. The fractional rate of GP was quadratically (P < .05) influenced by PC and E. coli doses. The rations, dose, and rations × E. coli dose interaction had no influence (P > .05) on lag time. In a nutshell, PC flour inclusion in diet has the potentiality to replace the existing conventional feedstuffs for ruminant. Most importantly, revealing the first report, PC flours along with E. coli supplementation at varied doses mitigated the ruminal biogases production. This was as consequence to the antimicrobial impacts of E. coli against ruminal microflora, and that could certainly be a promising approach in order to improve ruminant's diet constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Y Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, India
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico.
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82
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Experimental hybridization in allopatric species of the Drosophila repleta group (Diptera: Drosophilidae): implications for the mode of speciation. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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83
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Aboura I, Nani A, Belarbi M, Murtaza B, Fluckiger A, Dumont A, Benammar C, Tounsi MS, Ghiringhelli F, Rialland M, Khan NA, Hichami A. Protective effects of polyphenol-rich infusions from carob (Ceratonia siliqua) leaves and cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica against inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity and DSS-induced colitis in Swiss mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1022-1035. [PMID: 29221725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the effects of polyphenol-rich infusions from carob leaves and OFI-cladodes on inflammation associated with obesity and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in Swiss mice. In vitro studies revealed that aqueous extracts of carob leaves and OFI-cladodes exhibited anti-inflammatory properties marked by the inhibition of IL-6, TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells concomitant with NF-κβ nucleus translocation inhibition. For in vivo investigations, Swiss male mice were subjected to control or high fat diet (HFD). At the 8th week after the start of study, animals received or not 1% infusion of either carob leaves or OFI-cladode for 4 weeks and were subjected to 2% DSS administration in drinking water over last 7 days. After sacrifice, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in plasma and their mRNA expression in different organs were determined. Results showed that carob leaf and OFI-cladode infusions reduced inflammation severity associated with HFD-induced obesity and DSS-induced acute colitis indicated by decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines expression (as such TNF-α, IL1b and IL-6) in colon, adipose tissue and spleen. In addition, plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were also curtailed in response to infusions treatment. Thus, carob leaf and OFI-cladode infusions prevented intestinal permeability through the restoration of tight junction proteins (Zo1, occludins) and immune homeostasis. Hence, the anti-inflammatory effect of carob leaves and OFI-cladodes could be attributed to their polyphenols which might alleviate inflammation severity associated with obesity and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Aboura
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratory of Natural Products, University of Abou-Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Abdelhafid Nani
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratory of Natural Products, University of Abou-Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria; Department of Natural and Life Sciences, African University Ahmed Draia, Adrar, Algeria.
| | - Meriem Belarbi
- Laboratory of Natural Products, University of Abou-Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Babar Murtaza
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Fluckiger
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Adélie Dumont
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Chahid Benammar
- Laboratory of Natural Products, University of Abou-Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Moufida Saidani Tounsi
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | | | - Mickaël Rialland
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Aziz Hichami
- INSERM U1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
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84
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Bakour M, Al-Waili N, El-Haskoury R, El-Menyiy N, Al-Waili T, Al-Waili A, Lyoussi B. Comparison of hypotensive, diuretic and renal effects between cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica and furosemide. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:900-906. [PMID: 29080620 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the diuretic, hypotensive and renal effect of Opuntia ficus-indica in two different species in oral and intravenous administration. METHODS Diuretic activity was evaluated in rats with the plant cladode gel and aqueous extract administrated orally, and was evaluated in rabbits with plant extract administered intravenously. Single and repeated doses of cladode gel or aqueous extract of cladode were tested. Urine volume and blood and urine creatinine, sodium and potassium were measured, and creatinine clearance was calculated. The hypotensive effect of lyophilized extract of cladode was evaluated in rabbits. Two polyethylene PE50 catheters were used: one in the jugular vein for the infusion of the plant extract and the other in the carotid for the evaluation of the arterial pressure. RESULTS The cladode gel or aqueous extract increased urine volume, creatinine clearance and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium without significant effect on serum creatinine or blood urea. Furosemide, gel and aqueous extract of cladode insignificantly lowered plasma potassium in rats. Intravenous administration of the lyophilized extract caused a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure in rabbits with a significant increase in urine volume and urine sodium and potassium; the effect was dose dependent. Intravenous administration of lyophilized extract did not affect plasma sodium or potassium. CONCLUSIONS Gel and aqueous extract of Opuntia ficus-indica cladode have a significant diuretic effect on rats, and the lyophilized extract has a diuretic and hypotensive effect on normotensive rabbits without deterioration in renal function test. Additional studies on active ingredients are essential to pave the way for clinical studies on diuretic and hypotensive effect of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Bakour
- Physiology-Pharmacology and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Noori Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Richmond Hill, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Redouan El-Haskoury
- Physiology-Pharmacology and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nawal El-Menyiy
- Physiology-Pharmacology and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Thia Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Richmond Hill, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ali Al-Waili
- New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Richmond Hill, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Physiology-Pharmacology and Environmental Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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85
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Vera-Ponce de León A, Ormeño-Orrillo E, Ramírez-Puebla ST, Rosenblueth M, Degli Esposti M, Martínez-Romero J, Martínez-Romero E. Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum, a Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of Dactylopius Cochineal Insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae). Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:2237-2250. [PMID: 30605507 PMCID: PMC5604089 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The domesticated carmine cochineal Dactylopius coccus (scale insect) has commercial value and has been used for more than 500 years for natural red pigment production. Besides the domesticated cochineal, other wild Dactylopius species such as Dactylopius opuntiae are found in the Americas, all feeding on nutrient poor sap from native cacti. To compensate nutritional deficiencies, many insects harbor symbiotic bacteria which provide essential amino acids or vitamins to their hosts. Here, we characterized a symbiont from the carmine cochineal insects, Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum (betaproteobacterium, Rhodocyclaceae family) and found it in D. coccus and in D. opuntiae ovaries by fluorescent in situ hybridization, suggesting maternal inheritance. Bacterial genomes recovered from metagenomic data derived from whole insects or tissues both from D. coccus and from D. opuntiae were around 3.6 Mb in size. Phylogenomics showed that dactylopiibacteria constituted a closely related clade neighbor to nitrogen fixing bacteria from soil or from various plants including rice and other grass endophytes. Metabolic capabilities were inferred from genomic analyses, showing a complete operon for nitrogen fixation, biosynthesis of amino acids and vitamins and putative traits of anaerobic or microoxic metabolism as well as genes for plant interaction. Dactylopiibacterium nif gene expression and acetylene reduction activity detecting nitrogen fixation were evidenced in D. coccus hemolymph and ovaries, in congruence with the endosymbiont fluorescent in situ hybridization location. Dactylopiibacterium symbionts may compensate for the nitrogen deficiency in the cochineal diet. In addition, this symbiont may provide essential amino acids, recycle uric acid, and increase the cochineal life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Vera-Ponce de León
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Ormeño-Orrillo
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana y Biotecnología, Departamento de
Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Shamayim T Ramírez-Puebla
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mónica Rosenblueth
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mauro Degli Esposti
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Julio Martínez-Romero
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Impact of cooking process on nutritional composition and antioxidants of cactus cladodes (Opuntia ficus-indica). Food Chem 2017; 240:1055-1062. [PMID: 28946223 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of cooking methods (boiling, microwaving, griddling and frying in olive and soybean oils) on nutritional composition (protein, minerals, fat, carbohydrates, fibre, fatty acid profile and energy), antioxidant capacity and (poly)phenolic compounds of cactus cladodes (Opuntia ficus-indica) was evaluated. Culinary processes, except boiling, increased soluble and insoluble fibre up to 5.0g/100g becoming a good fibre source. Cactus cladodes fried in olive oil showed a healthier fatty acid profile and lower ω-6/ω-3 ratio than in soybean oil. Flavonoids accounted for 80% of total (poly)phenolic compounds, being isorhamnetin the most abundant. Heat treatment, particularly griddling and microwaving, increased every flavonoid and phenolic acid up to 3.2-fold higher than in raw samples, and consequently their antioxidant capacity. Even boiling induced losses in total (poly)phenols and antioxidant capacity by leaching into water, the main compounds were maintained. Principal Component Analysis distributed heat treated cactus cladodes according to their distinctive polyphenols and antioxidant capacity.
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87
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Borges RM, Mendes A, Nogueira SSC, Bindelle J, Nogueira-Filho SLG. Protein requirements of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu). Trop Anim Health Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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88
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del Socorro Santos Díaz M, Barba de la Rosa AP, Héliès-Toussaint C, Guéraud F, Nègre-Salvayre A. Opuntia spp.: Characterization and Benefits in Chronic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8634249. [PMID: 28491239 PMCID: PMC5401751 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8634249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Opuntia species have been used for centuries as food resources and in traditional folk medicine for their nutritional properties and their benefit in chronic diseases, particularly diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. These plants are largely distributed in America, Africa, and the Mediterranean basin. Opuntia spp. have great economic potential because they grow in arid and desert areas, and O. ficus-indica, the domesticated O. species, is used as a nutritional and pharmaceutical agent in various dietary and value-added products. Though differences in the phytochemical composition exist between wild and domesticated (O. ficus-indica) Opuntia spp., all Opuntia vegetatives (pear, roots, cladodes, seeds, and juice) exhibit beneficial properties mainly resulting from their high content in antioxidants (flavonoids, ascorbate), pigments (carotenoids, betalains), and phenolic acids. Other phytochemical components (biopeptides, soluble fibers) have been characterized and contribute to the medicinal properties of Opuntia spp. The biological properties of Opuntia spp. have been investigated on cellular and animal models and in clinical trials in humans, allowing characterization and clarification of the protective effect of Opuntia-enriched diets in chronic diseases. This review is an update on the phytochemical composition and biological properties of Opuntia spp. and their potential interest in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cécile Héliès-Toussaint
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Cilla A, Alegría A, Attanzio A, Garcia-Llatas G, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA. Dietary phytochemicals in the protection against oxysterol-induced damage. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:192-205. [PMID: 28267434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced incidence of many chronic diseases. These foods contain phytochemicals that often possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity and show anti-inflammatory action, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-aging, and protective action for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and neurodegenerative disorders. Many factors can be included in the etiopathogenesis of all of these multifactorial diseases that involve oxidative stress, inflammation and/or cell death processes, oxysterols, i.e. cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) as well as phytosterol oxidation products (POPs), among others. These oxidized lipids result from either spontaneous and/or enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol/phytosterols on the steroid nucleus or on the side chain and their critical roles in the pathophysiology of the abovementioned diseases has become increasingly evident. In this context, many studies investigated the potential of dietary phytochemicals (polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamins C and E, among others) to protect against oxysterol toxicity in various cell models mimicking pathophysiological conditions. This review, summarizing the mechanisms involved in the chemopreventive effect of phytochemicals against the injury by oxysterols may constitute a step forward to consider the importance of preventive strategies on a nutritional point of view to decrease the burden of many age-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Dipartimento Scienze e Technologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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90
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Msaddak L, Abdelhedi O, Kridene A, Rateb M, Belbahri L, Ammar E, Nasri M, Zouari N. Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes as a functional ingredient: bioactive compounds profile and their effect on antioxidant quality of bread. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:32. [PMID: 28173866 PMCID: PMC5296952 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the context of a balanced diet, the antioxidant-rich food consumption is a preventive way of many degenerative diseases. Consequently, improving the nutraceutical quality of traditional foods such as bakery products is an interesting approach. Considering the present consumer’s demand, cladodes from prickly pear that were traditionally used as a valuable food as well as in folk medicine for the treatment of several chronic diseases were investigated for their use in bread production to improve its functionality. Methods Bioactive substances were determined by liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) analysis. Dough rheological properties were characterized by alveographic measurements. Bread antioxidant quality was evaluated by total phenolics content, DPPH• radical-scavenging, metal (Fe2+) chelating and Fe3+ reducing power determinations. Results LC-HRESIMS analysis of the cladodes extract allowed the identification of 9 flavonoids, 2 phenolics, 1 alkaloid and 1 terpenoid compounds. Cladodes powder enrichment induced important modifications on the dough rheological parameters in terms of the extensibility (L) and deformation energy (W) decrease. Moreover, cladodes powder addition to bread resulted in a decrease in both crust and crumb colour parameters (L*, a* and b*). A 5% supplementation resulted in an increase of the bread yield and bread specific volume by 8.9 and 25%, respectively. Interestingly, Bread containing cladodes powder showed enhanced total phenolics content and antioxidant potential as compared to the control. Conclusions Substitution of wheat flour by the cladodes powder at 5% level was optimal for improving the total phenolics content and the antioxidant potential of bread without having any negative effect on its sensory acceptability. Cladodes from Opuntia ficus-indica could be considered as a potential health-promoting functional ingredient in bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Msaddak
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ola Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amani Kridene
- Research Unit of Coastal and Urban Environments, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mostafa Rateb
- School of Science and Sport, University of West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Lassaâd Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Emna Ammar
- Research Unit of Coastal and Urban Environments, ENIS, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nacim Zouari
- High Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine (ISBAM), University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia.
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91
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Di Lorenzo F, Silipo A, Molinaro A, Parrilli M, Schiraldi C, D’Agostino A, Izzo E, Rizza L, Bonina A, Bonina F, Lanzetta R. The polysaccharide and low molecular weight components of Opuntia ficus indica cladodes: Structure and skin repairing properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:128-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Protective Effect of Cactus Cladode Extracts on Peroxisomal Functions in Microglial BV-2 Cells Activated by Different Lipopolysaccharides. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010102. [PMID: 28067864 PMCID: PMC6155690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Opuntia ficus-indica cactus cladode extracts in microglia BV-2 cells. Inflammation associated with microglia activation in neuronal injury can be achieved by LPS exposure. Using four different structurally and biologically well-characterized LPS serotypes, we revealed a structure-related differential effect of LPS on fatty acid β-oxidation and antioxidant enzymes in peroxisomes: Escherichia coli-LPS decreased ACOX1 activity while Salmonella minnesota-LPS reduced only catalase activity. Different cactus cladode extracts showed an antioxidant effect through microglial catalase activity activation and an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing nitric oxide (NO) LPS-dependent production. These results suggest that cactus extracts may possess a neuroprotective activity through the induction of peroxisomal antioxidant activity and the inhibition of NO production by activated microglial cells.
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93
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El Hayek E, El Samrani A, Lartiges B, Kazpard V, Aigouy T. Lead bioaccumulation in Opuntia ficus-indica following foliar or root exposure to lead-bearing apatite. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:779-787. [PMID: 27816295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of edible leafy vegetables by atmospheric heavy metal-bearing particles is a major issue in environmental toxicology. In this study, the uptake of lead by cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (Ofi), traditionally used in Mexican cuisine and in livestock fodder, is investigated after a 4-months exposure of either cladodes or roots to synthetic Pb-fluorapatite particles. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for the quantitative analysis of Pb levels, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) for the examination of the cladode surface and fate of particles, and Micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) measurements for elemental mapping of Pb in cladodes, were used. The results evidence that foliar contamination may be a major pathway for the transfer of Pb within Ofi cladodes. The stomata, areoles, and cuticle of cladode surface, play an obvious role in the retention and the incorporation of lead-bearing apatite, thus revealing the hazard of eating contaminated cladodes. The possibility of using series of successive cladodes for biomonitoring the atmospheric pollution in arid and semi-arid regions is also rapidly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane El Hayek
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Laboratoire Geosciences Environment Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France; Lebanese University, Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Antoine El Samrani
- Lebanese University, Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Bruno Lartiges
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Laboratoire Geosciences Environment Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Veronique Kazpard
- Lebanese University, Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Thierry Aigouy
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Laboratoire Geosciences Environment Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
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94
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Kalegowda P, Chauhan AS, Nanjaraj Urs SM. Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl) Haw cladode mucilage: Physico-chemical, rheological and functional behavior. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1057-1064. [PMID: 27987807 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The yield of mucilage extracted from cladodes of Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl) Haw in aqueous medium was 6.2%. The neutral sugar comprised of arabinose (38.80%), galactose (33.00%), rhamnose (15.70%), xylose (5.10%), and glucose (5.10%). The mucilage showed pseudo plastic behavior with good swelling index (20%), water holding capacity (g water/g dry sample; 4±0.10) and micrometric properties. In addition, mucilage presented intrinsic viscosity of 3.7 dL/g with average molecular weight of 1.9×103kDa. The FTIR and NMR spectra of extracted mucilage showed characteristic polysaccharide nature. Further, the mucilage exhibited anti-obesity property through lipase inhibition. These findings could highlight that isolated mucilage could be exploited as an additive in food and pharmaceutical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Kalegowda
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru -570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Attar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru -570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashirekha Mysore Nanjaraj Urs
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru -570 020, Karnataka, India.
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95
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Genomes of Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii wDacA and Candidatus Wolbachia pipientis wDacB from the Cochineal Insect Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3343-3349. [PMID: 27543297 PMCID: PMC5068953 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.031237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dactylopius species, known as cochineal insects, are the source of the carminic acid dye used worldwide. The presence of two Wolbachia strains in Dactylopius coccus from Mexico was revealed by PCR amplification of wsp and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. A metagenome analysis recovered the genome sequences of Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii wDacA (supergroup A) and Candidatus Wolbachia pipientis wDacB (supergroup B). Genome read coverage, as well as 16S rRNA clone sequencing, revealed that wDacB was more abundant than wDacA. The strains shared similar predicted metabolic capabilities that are common to Wolbachia, including riboflavin, ubiquinone, and heme biosynthesis, but lacked other vitamin and cofactor biosynthesis as well as glycolysis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and sugar uptake systems. A complete tricarboxylic acid cycle and gluconeogenesis were predicted as well as limited amino acid biosynthesis. Uptake and catabolism of proline were evidenced in Dactylopius Wolbachia strains. Both strains possessed WO-like phage regions and type I and type IV secretion systems. Several efflux systems found suggested the existence of metal toxicity within their host. Besides already described putative virulence factors like ankyrin domain proteins, VlrC homologs, and patatin-like proteins, putative novel virulence factors related to those found in intracellular pathogens like Legionella and Mycobacterium are highlighted for the first time in Wolbachia. Candidate genes identified in other Wolbachia that are likely involved in cytoplasmic incompatibility were found in wDacB but not in wDacA.
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96
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Damasceno GADB, Silva RMADC, Fernandes JM, Ostrosky EA, Langassner SMZ, Ferrari M. Use of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill extracts from Brazilian Caatinga as an alternative of natural moisturizer in cosmetic formulations. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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97
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Avila-Nava A, Noriega LG, Tovar AR, Granados O, Perez-Cruz C, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Torres N. Food combination based on a pre-hispanic Mexican diet decreases metabolic and cognitive abnormalities and gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by a sucrose-enriched high-fat diet in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azalia Avila-Nava
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico
| | - Omar Granados
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico
| | | | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología; Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico
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98
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Ovicidal and larvicidal activity of extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica against gastrointestinal nematodes of naturally infected sheep. Vet Parasitol 2016; 226:65-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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99
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Bayar N, Kriaa M, Kammoun R. Extraction and characterization of three polysaccharides extracted from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:441-450. [PMID: 27426700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemical extraction and the characterization of polysaccharides from mucilage (MC), pectin (PC) and total pectic mucilage fraction (TFC) of Opuntia ficus indica cladodes as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant activities was investigated. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups corresponding to polysaccharides. Uronic acid and the total sugar contents of PC were higher than those of TFC and MC whereas ash content of MC was considerably more important. In addition, the findings showed that all the samples had little protein content and low average molecular weight compared to the results mentioned in literature. Furthermore, MC reached not only the highest water (WHC) and oil holding (OHC) capacities (7.81g/g and 1.34g/g, respectively) but also the highest antioxidant properties (DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, β-carotene bleaching inhibition activity and reducing power). However, PC had the strongest emulsifying and foaming properties. As for TFC, it had low WHC, OHC and emulsifying properties whereas it had higher foaming properties than MC and greater antioxidant properties compared to PC. These outcomes can encourage the use of PC as a surfactant and MC and TFC as natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bayar
- Laboratory of Microrganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road Sidi Mansour Km 6, B.P 1177 Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Kriaa
- Laboratory of Microrganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road Sidi Mansour Km 6, B.P 1177 Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Kammoun
- Laboratory of Microrganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road Sidi Mansour Km 6, B.P 1177 Sfax 3018, Tunisia; Biotechnology High School of Sfax (ISBS) Soukra Km 3; P.O. Box 261, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
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100
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Vera-Ponce de León A, Sanchez-Flores A, Rosenblueth M, Martínez-Romero E. Fungal Community Associated with Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae) and Its Role in Uric Acid Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:954. [PMID: 27446001 PMCID: PMC4917543 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied fungal species associated with the carmine cochineal Dactylopius coccus and other non-domesticated Dactylopius species using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Thirty seven fungi were isolated in various culture media from insect males and females from different developmental stages and Dactylopius species. 26S rRNA genes and ITS sequences, from cultured fungal isolates revealed different species of Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Debaryomyces, Trametes, and Penicillium, which are genera newly associated with Dactylopius. Uric acid (UA) and uricase activity were detected in tissues extracts from different insect developmental stages. However, accumulation of high UA levels and low uricase activities were found only after antifungal treatments, suggesting an important role of fungal species in its metabolism. Additionally, uricolytic fungal isolates were identified and characterized that presumably are involved in nitrogen recycling metabolism. After metagenomic analyses from D. coccus gut and hemolymph DNA and from two published data sets, we confirmed the presence of fungal genes involved in UA catabolism, suggesting that fungi help in the nitrogen recycling process in Dactylopius by uricolysis. All these results show the importance of fungal communities in scale insects such as Dactylopius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Vera-Ponce de León
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavca, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavca, Mexico
| | - Mónica Rosenblueth
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavca, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Programa de Ecología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavca, Mexico
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