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Identification of superior Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume germplasm for future true cinnamon breeding in the world. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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52
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Prokopiou L, Halahlah A, Grigorakis S, Fournaraki C, Kokkalou E, Karioti A. Threatened Cretan species Chaerophyllum creticum Boiss. & Heldr.: phenolic profile by HPLC-PDA-MS and in vitro antioxidant capacity. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3992-3998. [PMID: 33629636 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1889545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical content of the threatened Cretan endemic Chaerophyllum creticum Boiss. & Heldr. was investigated by High Performance Liquid chromatography-Photodiode Array-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS) analysis. Leaves, flowers and stems of C. creticum, were extracted via maceration and were assessed for their polyphenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. The highest extraction yields were achieved by methanol and methanol/water. A total of 17 compounds were characterised in C. creticum with luteolin-7-O-glucoside being the predominant glucoside found in all the extracts. Malonic esters were present in all the extracts. The main flavonoids and phenolics were quantified by HPLC-UV in parallel to standard spectrophotometric assays which were used for the determination of the Total Polyphenol content and the Total Flavonoid Content. The antioxidant activity was assessed by two different tests: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) free radical assay and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. This is the first report on the chemical content of the Cretan endemic C. creticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Prokopiou
- Food Quality & Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennen, Chania, Greece
| | - Abealghani Halahlah
- Food Quality & Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennen, Chania, Greece
| | - Spyros Grigorakis
- Food Quality & Chemistry of Natural Products, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennen, Chania, Greece
| | - Christini Fournaraki
- Mediterranean Plant Conservation Unit, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennen, Chania, Greece
| | - Eugene Kokkalou
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Karioti
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Shekarchizadeh-Esfahani P, Heydarpour F, Izadi F, Jalili C. The effect of cinnamon supplementation on liver enzymes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 58:102699. [PMID: 33639251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of cinnamon supplementation on liver enzymes. METHODS A systematic search was performed in electronic databases including PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science up to November 2020. We used a random effects model to estimate pooled effect size of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. RESULTS Seven RCTs (9 treatment arms) fulfilled the eligibility criteria of the present meta-analysis. Overall, meta-analysis could not show any beneficial effect of cinnamon supplementation on AST, ALT, and ALP. Subgroup analyses showed that the effect of cinnamon supplementation on ALT was significant at the dosages of <1500 mg/day (Hedges's: -0.61; 95 % CI: -1.11, -0.10; P = 0.002), in trials lasting>12 weeks (Hedges's: -0.83; 95 % CI: -1.36, -0.30; P = 0.01), and in trials conducted of both gender (Hedges's: -0.72; 95 % CI: -1.45, -0.01; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION In summary, cinnamon supplementation had no significant effect on liver enzymes in adults. However, the effect of cinnamon on ALT levels was significant at the dosages of <1500 mg/day, in trials lasting>12 weeks, and in trials conducted of both gender. Nevertheless, further studies should be performed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parivash Shekarchizadeh-Esfahani
- Department of General Courses, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heydarpour
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Izadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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54
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Murayama N, Yamazaki H. Metabolic activation and deactivation of dietary-derived coumarin mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes in rat and human liver preparations. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:371-378. [PMID: 34334558 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dietary-derived coumarin is of clinical interest for its potential hepatotoxicity in humans because such toxicity is especially evident in rats. In this study, the oxidative metabolism of coumarin to active coumarin 3,4-epoxide (as judged by the formation rates of o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) and excretable 7-hydroxycoumarin was investigated in liver fractions from rats and humans. In rat liver microsomes, the formation rate of o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (~6 pmol/min/mg microsomal protein) from coumarin at 10 μM was dependent on the presence of liver cytosolic fractions. Rat hepatocytes mediated similar formation rates of o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 7-hydroxycoumarin (~0.1 nmol/hr/106 cells) at 0.20-20 μM coumarin. Human hepatocytes mediated the biotransformation of coumarin to o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid at roughly similar rates to those of rat hepatocytes. In contrast, the formation rates of 7-hydroxycoumarin by human hepatocytes were around 10-fold higher at ~1 nmol/hr/106 cells. In the presence of human liver cytosolic fractions, the oxidative formation rate of o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid was relatively high in cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2-rich human liver microsomes. The inhibitory effects of furafylline/α-naphthoflavone and 8-methoxypsoralen, P450 1A2 and 2A6 inhibitors, respectively, were seen on the rates of o-hydroxyphenylacetic and 7-hydroxylation formations, respectively, in pooled human liver microsomes. Human liver microsomes selectively inactivated for P450 1A2 and 2A6 showed low rates of o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 7-hydroxylation formation (~20-30% of control), respectively. Among the P450 isoforms tested, recombinant human P450 1A2 predominantly mediated o-hydroxyphenylacetic formation. These results suggested that the metabolic activation and deactivation of coumarin were mediated mainly by P450 1A2 and 2A6 enzymes, respectively. The metabolic oxidation of coumarin via 3,4-epoxidation forming o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid could inform individual human risk assessments of dietary-derived coumarin, for which hepatotoxicity is especially evident in rats.
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55
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Maurya AK, Mulpuru V, Mishra N. Discovery of Novel Coumarin Analogs against the α-Glucosidase Protein Target of Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacophore-Based QSAR, Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32234-32249. [PMID: 33376861 PMCID: PMC7758891 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease, the third killer of mankind. The finding of potent drugs against diabetes remains challenging. In the present study, coumarin derivatives with known biological activity against diabetic protein have been used to predict functional groups' positions on coumarin derivatives. α-Glucosidase is a brush border membrane-bound lysosomal enzyme from the hydrolase enzyme family. It plays an important role in the metabolism of glycoproteins. Inhibitors of lysosomal α-glucosidase can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. Due to this, lysosomal α-glucosidase is a good therapeutic target for drugs. A total of 116 coumarin derivatives with IC50 values against lysosomal α-glucosidase were selected for a CADD (computer-aided drug design) approach to identify more potent drugs. Pharmacophore modeling and atom-based 3-QSAR of 116 active compounds against lysosomal α-glucosidase were performed and identified positions and types of groups to increase activity. We performed molecular docking of 116 coumarin derivatives against the lysosomal α-glucosidase enzyme, and three compounds (isorutarine, 10_, and 36) resulted in a docking score of -7.64, -7.12, and -6.86 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulation of the above three molecules and protein complex performed for 100 ns supported the interaction stability of isorutarine, 10_, and 36 with the lysosomal binding site α-glucosidase.
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56
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Yang C, Rathman JF, Magdziarz T, Mostrag A, Kulkarni S, Barton-Maclaren TS. Do Similar Structures Have Similar No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) Values? Exploring Chemoinformatics Approaches for Estimating NOAEL Bounds and Uncertainties. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:616-633. [PMID: 33296179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of a substance is an important step in safety and regulatory assessments. Application of conventional in silico strategies, for example, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, to predict NOAEL values is inherently problematic. Whereas QSAR models for well-defined toxicity endpoints such as Ames mutagenicity or skin sensitization can be developed from mechanistic knowledge of molecular initiating events and adverse outcome pathways, QSAR is not appropriate for predicting a NOAEL value, a concentration at which "no effect" is observed. This paper presents a chemoinformatics approach and explores how it can be further refined through the incorporation of toxicity endpoint-specific information to estimate confidence bounds for the NOAEL of a target substance, given experimentally determined NOAEL values for one or more suitable analogues. With a sufficiently large NOAEL database, we analyze how a difference in NOAEL values for pairs of structures depends on their pairwise similarity, where similarity takes both structural features and physicochemical properties into account. The width of the estimate NOAEL confidence interval is proportional to the uncertainty. Using the new threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) database enriched with antimicrobials, examples are presented to illustrate how uncertainty decreases with increasing analogue quality and also how NOAEL bounds estimation can be significantly improved by filtering the full database to include only substances that are in structure categories relevant to the target and analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihae Yang
- Molecular Networks GmbH Computerchemie, Neumeyerstraße 28, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - James F Rathman
- Molecular Networks GmbH Computerchemie, Neumeyerstraße 28, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Tomasz Magdziarz
- Molecular Networks GmbH Computerchemie, Neumeyerstraße 28, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Mostrag
- Molecular Networks GmbH Computerchemie, Neumeyerstraße 28, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Sunil Kulkarni
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Tara S Barton-Maclaren
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
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57
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Cantarelli MÁ, Moldes CA, Marchevsky EJ, Azcarate SM, Camiña JM. Low-cost analytic method for the identification of Cinnamon adulteration. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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58
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Miura T, Kamiya Y, Hina S, Kobayashi Y, Murayama N, Shimizu M, Yamazaki H. Metabolic profiles of coumarin in human plasma extrapolated from a rat data set with a simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. J Toxicol Sci 2020; 45:695-700. [PMID: 33132243 DOI: 10.2131/jts.45.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin is a dietary-derived substance that is extensively metabolized by human liver to excretable 7-hydroxycoumarin. Although coumarin under daily dietary consumption is generally regarded as nontoxic, the substance is of toxicological and clinical interest because of its potential association with hepatotoxicity, which is especially evident in rats. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of coumarin were modeled after virtual oral administration in humans. The adjusted monitoring equivalents of coumarin, along with the biotransformation of coumarin to o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (via 3,4-epoxidation) based on reported plasma concentrations from rat studies, were scaled to human coumarin equivalents using known species allometric scaling factors. Using rat and human liver preparations, data on the rapid in vitro metabolic clearance for humans (~50-fold faster than in rats) were obtained for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. For human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, the metabolic ratios to o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 7-hydroxycoumarin were set at minor (0.1) and major (0.9) levels for the total disappearance of coumarin. The resulting modeled plasma concentration curves in humans generated by simple PBPK models were consistent with reported simulated coumarin maximum concentrations. These results provide basic information to simulate plasma levels of coumarin and its primary metabolite 7-hydroxycoumarin or its secondary activated metabolite o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (via 3,4-epoxidation) resulting from dietary foodstuff consumption. Under the current assumptions, little toxicological impact of coumarin was evident in humans, thereby indicating the usefulness of forward dosimetry using PBPK modeling for human risk assessment.
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59
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Emden M, Hild P, Kallinna K, Murer L. Beiß mich nicht Ich leuchte. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Emden
- Zentrum für Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften Pädagogische Hochschule Zürich
| | - Pitt Hild
- Zentrum für Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften Pädagogische Hochschule Zürich
| | - Kirsten Kallinna
- Zentrum für Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften Pädagogische Hochschule Zürich
| | - Livia Murer
- Zentrum für Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften Pädagogische Hochschule Zürich
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60
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Drobac M, Arsenijević J, Kovačević N. The content of coumarin in the commercial samples of cinnamon bark and cinnamon-containing dietary supplements available on the Serbian market. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2020.49.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon bark is used worldwide due to its characteristic flavour and medicinal properties. Ceylon cinnamon or “true” cinnamon bark refers to the dried inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, originated from Sri Lanka. The bark of some other species of this genus, Cinnamomum cassia Blume (Chinese cinnamon), C. burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume (Indonesian cinnamon), and C. loureiroi Nees (Saigon cinnamon) are also marketed and sold as cinnamon. They are characterised by a significantly higher amount of coumarin compared to Ceylon cinnamon bark. Since coumarin may be potentially hepatotoxic, the aim of this study was to determine coumarin level in commercial samples of cinnamon bark and in cinnamon-containing dietary supplements present on the Serbian market. HPLC analysis showed lowest coumarin content in Ceylon cinnamon bark samples (0.08-0.15 mg g-1), whereas other samples contained a significantly higher amounts of coumarin (1.38-5.80 mg g-1). Cinnamon based dietary supplements contained 0.007-1.19 mg coumarin/tablet. The obtained results indicate that the majority of commercial samples of cinnamon bark on the Serbian market do not originate from the Ceylon cinnamon but from other species of this genus, and that consumed amount of certain products should be taken into account since the tolerable daily intake of coumarin is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Drobac
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade. Serbia
| | | | - N. Kovačević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade. Serbia
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61
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ÖNER Ç, ALTINER N, COLAK E. Hepatoselüler karsinom tedavisi için etkili terapötikler PIWI Interacting RNA ifadelerini nasıl değiştirir? ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2020. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.755050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Yanakiev S. Effects of Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum spp.) in Dentistry: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E4184. [PMID: 32932678 PMCID: PMC7571082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental medicine is one of the fields of medicine where the most common pathologies are of bacterial and fungal origins. This review is mainly focused on the antimicrobial effects of cinnamon essential oil (EO), cinnamon extracts, and pure compounds against different oral pathogens and the oral biofilm and the possible effects on soft mouth tissue. Basic information is provided about cinnamon, as is a review of its antimicrobial properties against the most common microorganisms causing dental caries, endodontic and periodontal lesions, and candidiasis. Cinnamon EO, cinnamon extracts, and pure compounds show significant antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and could be beneficial in caries and periodontal disease prevention, endodontics, and candidiasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spartak Yanakiev
- Medical College Y. Filaretova, Medical University-Sofia, Yordanka Filaretova Street 3, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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63
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Wang Y, Harrington PDB, Chen P. Metabolomic profiling and comparison of major cinnamon species using UHPLC-HRMS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7669-7681. [PMID: 32875369 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolomic profiles of four major species of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum, C. burmannii, C. loureiroi, and C. cassia) were investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Thirty-six metabolites were tentatively characterized, belonging to various compound groups such as phenolic glycosides, flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, terpenes, alkaloids, and aldehydes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on the HRMS data matrix resulted in a clear separation of the four cinnamon species. Coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, methoxycinnamaldehyde, cinnamoyl-methoxyphenyl acetate, proanthocyanidins, and other components varied among the four species. Such variations were used to develop a step-by-step strategy for differentiating the four cinnamon species based on their levels of pre-selected components. This study suggests a significant variation in the phytochemical compositions of different cinnamon species, which have a direct influence on cinnamon's health benefit potentials. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Peter de B Harrington
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Pei Chen
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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64
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Zhu C, Yan H, Zheng Y, Santos HO, Macit MS, Zhao K. Impact of Cinnamon Supplementation on cardiometabolic Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 53:102517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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65
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FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Lavender, Guaiac Coriander-derived and related flavoring ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111584. [PMID: 32682832 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a program for the re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. This publication, fifth in the series, evaluates the safety of NFCs containing linalool and/or other characteristic mono- and sesquiterpenoid tertiary alcohols and esters using the safety evaluation procedure published by the FEMA Expert Panel in 2005 and updated in 2018. The procedure relies on a complete chemical characterization of the NFC intended for commerce and organization of the chemical constituents of each NFC into well-defined congeneric groups. The safety of each NFC is evaluated using the well-established and conservative threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept in addition to data on absorption, metabolism and toxicology of both the constituent congeneric groups and the NFCs. Sixteen NFCs, derived from the Lavandula, Aniba, Elettaria, Daucus, Salvia, Coriandrum, Ribes, Guaiacum/Bulnesia, Citrus, Pogostemon, Melaleuca and Michelia genera, were affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients based on an evaluation of each NFC and the constituents and congeneric groups therein.
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66
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Baltazar MT, Cable S, Carmichael PL, Cubberley R, Cull T, Delagrange M, Dent MP, Hatherell S, Houghton J, Kukic P, Li H, Lee MY, Malcomber S, Middleton AM, Moxon TE, Nathanail AV, Nicol B, Pendlington R, Reynolds G, Reynolds J, White A, Westmoreland C. A Next-Generation Risk Assessment Case Study for Coumarin in Cosmetic Products. Toxicol Sci 2020; 176:236-252. [PMID: 32275751 PMCID: PMC7357171 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-Generation Risk Assessment is defined as an exposure-led, hypothesis-driven risk assessment approach that integrates new approach methodologies (NAMs) to assure safety without the use of animal testing. These principles were applied to a hypothetical safety assessment of 0.1% coumarin in face cream and body lotion. For the purpose of evaluating the use of NAMs, existing animal and human data on coumarin were excluded. Internal concentrations (plasma Cmax) were estimated using a physiologically based kinetic model for dermally applied coumarin. Systemic toxicity was assessed using a battery of in vitro NAMs to identify points of departure (PoDs) for a variety of biological effects such as receptor-mediated and immunomodulatory effects (Eurofins SafetyScreen44 and BioMap Diversity 8 Panel, respectively), and general bioactivity (ToxCast data, an in vitro cell stress panel and high-throughput transcriptomics). In addition, in silico alerts for genotoxicity were followed up with the ToxTracker tool. The PoDs from the in vitro assays were plotted against the calculated in vivo exposure to calculate a margin of safety with associated uncertainty. The predicted Cmax values for face cream and body lotion were lower than all PoDs with margin of safety higher than 100. Furthermore, coumarin was not genotoxic, did not bind to any of the 44 receptors tested and did not show any immunomodulatory effects at consumer-relevant exposures. In conclusion, this case study demonstrated the value of integrating exposure science, computational modeling and in vitro bioactivity data, to reach a safety decision without animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Baltazar
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Sophie Cable
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Paul L Carmichael
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Richard Cubberley
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Tom Cull
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Mona Delagrange
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Matthew P Dent
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Sarah Hatherell
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Jade Houghton
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Predrag Kukic
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Hequn Li
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Sophie Malcomber
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Alistair M Middleton
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Thomas E Moxon
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Alexis V Nathanail
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Beate Nicol
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Ruth Pendlington
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Georgia Reynolds
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Joe Reynolds
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Andrew White
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Carl Westmoreland
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK
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Emden M, Hild P, Kallinna K, Murer L. Mancher Zimt kann auf die Leber schlagen. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.202000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Emden
- Zentrum für Didaktik der NaturwissenschaftenPädagogische Hochschule Zürich
| | - Pitt Hild
- Zentrum für Didaktik der NaturwissenschaftenPädagogische Hochschule Zürich
| | - Kirsten Kallinna
- Zentrum für Didaktik der NaturwissenschaftenPädagogische Hochschule Zürich
| | - Livia Murer
- Zentrum für Didaktik der NaturwissenschaftenPädagogische Hochschule Zürich
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A tale of two cinnamons: A comparative review of the clinical evidence of Cinnamomum verum and C. cassia as diabetes interventions. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Lončar M, Jakovljević M, Šubarić D, Pavlić M, Buzjak Služek V, Cindrić I, Molnar M. Coumarins in Food and Methods of Their Determination. Foods 2020; 9:E645. [PMID: 32443406 PMCID: PMC7278589 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin is a natural product with aromatic and fragrant characteristics, widespread in the entire plant kingdom. It is found in different plant sources such as vegetables, spices, fruits, and medicinal plants including all parts of the plants-fruits, roots, stems and leaves. Coumarin is found in high concentrations in certain types of cinnamon, which is one of the most frequent sources for human exposure to this substance. However, human exposure to coumarin has not been strictly determined, since there are no systematic measurements of consumption of cinnamon-containing foods. The addition of pure coumarin to foods is not allowed, since large amounts of coumarin can be hepatotoxic. However, according to the new European aroma law, coumarin may be present in foods only naturally or as a flavoring obtained from natural raw materials (as is the case with cinnamon). In this paper, the overview of the current European regulations on coumarin levels in food is presented, along with the most common coumarin food sources, with a special emphasis on cinnamon-containing food. Human exposure to coumarins in food is also reviewed, as well as the methods for determination and separation of coumarin and its derivatives in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Lončar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.L.); (M.J.); (D.Š.)
| | - Martina Jakovljević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.L.); (M.J.); (D.Š.)
| | - Drago Šubarić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.L.); (M.J.); (D.Š.)
| | - Martina Pavlić
- Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Vinkovačka cesta 63c, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.P.); (V.B.S.)
| | - Vlatka Buzjak Služek
- Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Vinkovačka cesta 63c, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.P.); (V.B.S.)
| | - Ines Cindrić
- Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, Trg J. J. Strossmayera 9, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia;
| | - Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.L.); (M.J.); (D.Š.)
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Date MS, O'Brien D, Botelho DJ, Schultz TW, Liebler DC, Penning TM, Salvito DT. Clustering a Chemical Inventory for Safety Assessment of Fragrance Ingredients: Identifying Read-Across Analogs to Address Data Gaps. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1709-1718. [PMID: 32338872 PMCID: PMC7374741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A valuable
approach to chemical safety assessment is the use of
read-across chemicals to provide safety data to support the assessment
of structurally similar chemicals. An inventory of over 6000 discrete
organic chemicals used as fragrance materials in consumer products
has been clustered into chemical class-based groups for efficient
search of read-across sources. We developed a robust, tiered system
for chemical classification based on (1) organic functional group,
(2) structural similarity and reactivity features of the hydrocarbon
skeletons, (3) predicted or experimentally verified Phase I and Phase
II metabolism, and (4) expert pruning to consider these variables
in the context of specific toxicity end points. The systematic combination
of these data yielded clusters, which may be visualized as a top-down
hierarchical clustering tree. In this tree, chemical classes are formed
at the highest level according to organic functional groups. Each
subsequent subcluster stemming from classes in this hierarchy of the
cluster is a chemical cluster defined by common organic functional
groups and close similarity in the hydrocarbon skeleton. By examining
the available experimental data for a toxicological endpoint within
each cluster, users can better identify potential read-across chemicals
to support safety assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir S Date
- Research Institute of Fragrance Materials, Incorporated, 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey 07677, United States
| | | | | | - Terry W Schultz
- The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-4500, United States
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- Protypia, LLC., 111 10th Avenue South, Suite 102, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, United States
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 1315 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-3083, United States
| | - Daniel T Salvito
- Research Institute of Fragrance Materials, Incorporated, 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey 07677, United States
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Rietjens IM, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rosol TJ, Davidsen JM, Harman CL, Murray IJ, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Cinnamomum and Myroxylon-derived flavoring ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Hsieh CJ, Sun M, Osborne G, Ricker K, Tsai FC, Li K, Tomar R, Phuong J, Schmitz R, Sandy MS. Cancer Hazard Identification Integrating Human Variability: The Case of Coumarin. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:501-552. [PMID: 31845612 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819884544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin is a naturally occurring sweet-smelling benzopyrone that may be extracted from plants or synthesized for commercial uses. Its uses include as a flavoring agent, fragrance enhancer, and odor-masking additive. We reviewed and evaluated the scientific evidence on the carcinogenicity of coumarin, integrating information from carcinogenicity studies in animals with mechanistic and other relevant data, including data from toxicogenomic, genotoxicity, and metabolism studies, and studies of human variability of a key enzyme, CYP2A6. Increases in tumors were observed in multiple studies in rats and mice in multiple tissues. Our functional pathway analysis identified several common cancer-related biological processes/pathways affected by coumarin in rat liver following in vivo exposure and in human primary hepatocytes exposed in vitro. When coumarin 7-hydroxylation by CYP2A6 is compromised, this can lead to a shift in metabolism to the 3,4-epoxidation pathway and increased generation of electrophilic metabolites. Mechanistic data align with 3 key characteristics of carcinogens, namely formation of electrophilic metabolites, genotoxicity, and induction of oxidative stress. Considerations of metabolism, human variability in CYP2A6 activity, and coumarin hepatotoxicity in susceptible individuals provide additional support for carcinogenicity concern. Our analysis illustrates the importance of integrating information on human variability in the cancer hazard identification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChingYi Jennifer Hsieh
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Osborne
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Karin Ricker
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Feng C Tsai
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Kate Li
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rajpal Tomar
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA.,Retired
| | - Jimmy Phuong
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rose Schmitz
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Martha S Sandy
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, CalEPA, Sacramento and Oakland, CA, USA
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Sakti AS, Saputri FC, Mun'im A. Optimization of choline chloride-glycerol based natural deep eutectic solvent for extraction bioactive substances from Cinnamomum burmannii barks and Caesalpinia sappan heartwoods. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02915. [PMID: 31872114 PMCID: PMC6909081 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Indonesian cassia (Cinnamomum burmannii Blume) is commonly used as a condiment. It reportedly contains a number of major phytochemical constituents such as trans-cinnamaldehyde and coumarin. Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan) is a native plant of Southeast Asia that contains brazilin, a widely known red pigment. This study aimed to determine the optimal extraction conditions using a choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl-glycerol)-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) to obtain greater trans-cinnamaldehyde and brazilin levels from Indonesian cassia and sappan wood. The powders of Indonesian cassia and sappan wood were extracted using ChCl-glycerol-based NADES varied at three different levels: ratio of ChCl to glycerol, ratio of powder to NADES, and the amount of water in NADES. All variables were designed using the Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology to provide 15 extraction conditions. The extraction was performed using ultrasonication-assisted extraction for 30 and 50 min for Indonesian cassia and sappan wood, respectively. Determination of the active compound contents was performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with a UV-VIS detector at λmax = 280 nm. The optimization results revealed that the highest levels of trans-cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, and brazilin in NADES extracts were 1907.32, 1735.68, and 368.67 μg/ml, respectively, whereas the lowest levels of these compounds were 453.59, 616.76, and 74.21 μg/ml, respectively. The maximal levels exceeded those obtained using a conventional extraction method, in which 5000 μg/ml Indonesian cassia reflux extract contained only 108.45 μg/ml trans-cinnamaldehyde. Similarly, 1000 μg/ml sappan wood contained only 124.64 μg/ml brazilin. ChCl-glycerol-based NADES was suitable for extracting active compounds from Indonesian cassia and sappan wood; moreover, this solvent is more effective than organic ethanolic coventional solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sindu Sakti
- Drug Development Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok 16424 West Java, Indonesia
| | - Fadlina Chany Saputri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok 16424 West Java Indonesia
| | - Abdul Mun'im
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok 16424 West Java Indonesia
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Pavela R, Maggi F, Benelli G. Coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one): a novel and eco-friendly aphicide. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1566-1571. [PMID: 31507220 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1660334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) is a phenolic compound derived from the shikimate pathway and synthesized by various medicinal and aromatic plants as parent molecule of a large group of secondary metabolites, namely coumarins. Its main utilization is as fixative in perfumes and flavour enhancer. Given its role as phytoalexin and phagodepression activity, herein we evaluated for the first time its efficacy against several insect species: the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, the moth Spodoptera littoralis, the housefly, Musca domestica and the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Two non-target species were also included in our toxicity evaluation experiments: the ladybug Harmonia axyridis and the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Results highlighted remarkable selectivity of coumarin, being highly toxic to M. persicae aphids (LC50(90) values of 1.3(1.9) mg L-1) and friendly to natural enemies of aphids as well as soil invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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75
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Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Souto EB, Cicala C, Caiazzo E, Izzo AA, Novellino E, Santini A. Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2221-2243. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliana B. Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra Azinhaga de Santa Comba Coimbra Portugal
- CEB‐Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of Minho Braga Portugal
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | | | - Angelo A. Izzo
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
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76
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Rao T, Tan Z, Peng J, Guo Y, Chen Y, Zhou H, Ouyang D. The pharmacogenetics of natural products: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspective. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104283. [PMID: 31129178 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have represented attractive alternatives for disease prevention and treatment over the course of human history and have contributed to the development of modern drugs. These natural products possess beneficial efficacies as well as adverse efffects, which vary largely among individuals because of genetic variations in their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. As with other synthetic chemical drugs, the dosing of natural products can be optimized to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity according to the pharmacogenetic properties. With the emergence and development of pharmacogenomics, it is possible to discover and identify the targets/mechanisms of pharmacological effects and therapeutic responses of natural products effectively and efficiently on the whole genome level. This review covers the effects of genetic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and direct and indirect interactions with the pharmacological targets/pathways on the individual response to natural products, and provides suggestions on dosing regimen adjustments of natural products based on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic paratmeters. Finally, we provide our viewpoints on the importance and necessity of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic research of natural products in natural medicine's rational development and clinical application of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jingbo Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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78
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A novel honey-based product enriched with coumarin from Melilotus flowers. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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79
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Buran K, Bua S, Poli G, Önen Bayram FE, Tuccinardi T, Supuran CT. Novel 8-Substituted Coumarins That Selectively Inhibit Human Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051208. [PMID: 30857344 PMCID: PMC6429297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 8-substituted coumarin-based compounds, characterized by the presence of alkylpiperazine and arylpiperazine chains, were synthesized and tested for their inhibitory activity against four human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms. All compounds displayed nanomolar potency against the cancer-related hCA IX and hCA XII; moreover, they were shown to be devoid of any inhibitory activity toward the cytosolic hCA I and hCA II up to 10 µM concentration in the assay system. Therefore, the synthesized coumarin ligands demonstrated to be potent and selective hCA IX/XII inhibitors, and were shown to be as potent as the reference inhibitor acetazolamide against hCA XII, with single-digit nanomolar Ki values. Molecular modeling studies provided a rationale for explaining the selectivity profile of these non-classic hCA inhibitors and their interactions with the enzymes, according to their specific mechanism of action, thus paving the way for future structure-based lead optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Buran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi Cad., 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Silvia Bua
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - F Esra Önen Bayram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi Cad., 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Panahi Y, Yekta R, Dehghan G, Rashtbari S, Baradaran B, Jafari NJ, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Aspirin in retrieving the inactivated catalase to active form: Displacement of one inhibitor with a protective agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:306-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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82
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Drobac M, Arsenijević J, Marčetić M. Safety aspects of herbal products containing compounds with a potential risk. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1904307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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83
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Kumar S, Mukesh K, Harjai K, Singh V. Synthesis of coumarin based Knoevenagel-Ugi adducts by a sequential one pot five-component reaction and their biological evaluation as anti-bacterial agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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84
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Pynam H, Dharmesh SM. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of marmelosin from Bael (Aegle marmelos L.); Inhibition of TNF-α mediated inflammatory/tumor markers. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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85
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Are wild and cultivated flowers served in restaurants or sold by local producers in Denmark safe for the consumer? Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:129-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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86
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Oketch-Rabah HA, Marles RJ, Brinckmann JA. Cinnamon and Cassia Nomenclature Confusion: A Challenge to the Applicability of Clinical Data. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:435-445. [PMID: 29947417 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several Cinnamomum species' barks are generally labeled as cinnamon, although only Cinnamomum verum carries the common name of true cinnamon. Cassia, a common name for a related species, is rarely used on labels; instead, various cassia types may also be labeled "cinnamon." Confusion of true cinnamon and cassia spices in foods generally does not present a risk to health, except possibly at the highest intake levels. However, clinical studies with Cinnamomum investigational products have been published that inadequately describe or lack botanical identification information. The results of such studies are confounded by an inability to determine which species was responsible for the observed effects. Due to differences in the quality and composition of various Cinnamomum species, safety and efficacy data are not generalizable or transferable. Pharmacopeial monographs for characterizing the identity, composition, purity, quality, and strength of Cinnamomum investigational products should be applied to remove the ambiguity of cinnamon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin J Marles
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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87
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Rody HVS, Gontijo DDC, Coelho VPDM, Ventrella MC, Pádua RMD, Fietto LG, Leite JPV. Mutagenic activity and chemical composition of phenolic-rich extracts of leaves from two species of Ficus medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:861-872. [PMID: 30036158 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1498420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant species from the Ficus genus are widely used as food, and in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer agents, although some of these species are known to produce adverse effects. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the chemical composition as well as in vitro antioxidant and mutagenic activity of the aqueous extracts of leaves from F. adhatodifolia and F. obtusiuscula. Phytochemical screening using thin-layer chromatography identified 6 classes of secondary metabolites in the extracts. Total phenolic content was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the phenolic profile was determined by UPLC-DAD-ESI/MS/MS. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by the DPPH radical assay and by the β-carotene/linoleic acid system. Mutagenic activity was measured by the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test with 4 strains, in both the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Flavonoids, coumarins, and tannins were detected in both extracts, and 6 major derivatives were identified as flavone compounds. Antioxidant activities were demonstrated for both extracts, while F. obtusiuscula contained higher concentrations of phenolic compounds. Mutagenic activity of the TA97 strain without metabolic activation was observed for both tested extracts, as well as the TA102 strain with metabolic activation. In addition, the extract of F. adhatodifolia was shown to be mutagenic to the TA102 strain without metabolic activation. Evidence indicates that the use of teas obtained from these two plant extracts in folk medicine may raise concerns and needs further investigation as a result of potential pro-oxidant mutagenic effects in the absence or presence of metabolic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vianna Silva Rody
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Brazil
| | - Douglas da Costa Gontijo
- b Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Maia de Pádua
- b Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Luciano Gomes Fietto
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Brazil
| | - João Paulo Viana Leite
- a Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Brazil
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88
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The inhibitory effect of farnesiferol C against catalase; Kinetics, interaction mechanism and molecular docking simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:1258-1265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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89
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Zhang L, Zhang XY, Hu Y, Zhang BJ. Safety evaluation of the temporary consolidant based on a zebrafish embryo model. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 51:50-53. [PMID: 29747020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Temporary consolidants, such as cyclododecane, menthol, coumarin, and ethyl maltol, are proved to be effective for urgent conservation in archaeological field. However, the safety of these temporary consolidants is still unknown although they are always heavily used in archaeological field. Thus reports on the toxicity of these temporary consolidants are limited. Here, a zebrafish model was used for safety evaluation of these four temporary consolidants. In the present study, four temporary consolidants, including cyclododecane, menthol, coumarin, and ethyl maltol, at different concentrations were incubated with zebrafish embryos, and their biological toxic effects were firstly evaluated. It was shown that embryo exposure to temporary consolidants resulted in an increased mortality and malformation rate, and a decreased hatching rate. The order of embryo toxicity of the four types of temporary consolidants tested was menthol > coumarin > ethyl maltol > cyclododecane. Although the embryo toxicity of cyclododecane was minimal, some studies have indicated that this temporary consolidant could be bioaccumulated. The results also suggested that the zebrafish embryos can serve as a reliable model for the evaluation of embryo toxicity of temporary consolidants, as this model could offer the possibility to perform the rapid, medium throughput, cost-effective analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao Yan Zhang
- Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yulan Hu
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bing Jian Zhang
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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90
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Niinivehmas S, Postila PA, Rauhamäki S, Manivannan E, Kortet S, Ahinko M, Huuskonen P, Nyberg N, Koskimies P, Lätti S, Multamäki E, Juvonen RO, Raunio H, Pasanen M, Huuskonen J, Pentikäinen OT. Blocking oestradiol synthesis pathways with potent and selective coumarin derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:743-754. [PMID: 29620427 PMCID: PMC6010071 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1452919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive set of 3-phenylcoumarin analogues with polar substituents was synthesised for blocking oestradiol synthesis by 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD1) in the latter part of the sulphatase pathway. Five analogues produced ≥62% HSD1 inhibition at 5 µM and, furthermore, three of them produced ≥68% inhibition at 1 µM. A docking-based structure-activity relationship analysis was done to determine the molecular basis of the inhibition and the cross-reactivity of the analogues was tested against oestrogen receptor, aromatase, cytochrome P450 1A2, and monoamine oxidases. Most of the analogues are only modestly active with 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 – a requirement for lowering effective oestradiol levels in vivo. Moreover, the analysis led to the synthesis and discovery of 3-imidazolecoumarin as a potent aromatase inhibitor. In short, coumarin core can be tailored with specific ring and polar moiety substitutions to block either the sulphatase pathway or the aromatase pathway for treating breast cancer and endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Niinivehmas
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland
| | - Pekka A Postila
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland
| | - Sanna Rauhamäki
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland
| | - Elangovan Manivannan
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland.,b School of Pharmacy , Devi Ahilya University , Indore , India
| | - Sami Kortet
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland.,c Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland
| | - Mira Ahinko
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland
| | - Pasi Huuskonen
- d School of Pharmacy , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Niina Nyberg
- d School of Pharmacy , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | | | - Sakari Lätti
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland
| | - Elina Multamäki
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland
| | - Risto O Juvonen
- d School of Pharmacy , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Hannu Raunio
- d School of Pharmacy , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Markku Pasanen
- d School of Pharmacy , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Juhani Huuskonen
- c Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland
| | - Olli T Pentikäinen
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center , University of Jyvaskyla , Jyvaskyla , Finland.,f Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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91
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Shu X, Xiang YB, Rothman N, Yu D, Li HL, Yang G, Cai H, Ma X, Lan Q, Gao YT, Jia W, Shu XO, Zheng W. Prospective study of blood metabolites associated with colorectal cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:527-534. [PMID: 29479691 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Few prospective studies, and none in Asians, have systematically evaluated the relationship between blood metabolites and colorectal cancer risk. We conducted a nested case-control study to search for risk-associated metabolite biomarkers for colorectal cancer in an Asian population using blood samples collected prior to cancer diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression was performed to assess associations of metabolites with cancer risk. In this study, we included 250 incident cases with colorectal cancer and individually matched controls nested within two prospective Shanghai cohorts. We found 35 metabolites associated with risk of colorectal cancer after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Among them, 12 metabolites were glycerophospholipids including nine associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer and three with increased risk [odds ratios per standard deviation increase of transformed metabolites: 0.31-1.98; p values: 0.002-1.25 × 10-10 ]. The other 23 metabolites associated with colorectal cancer risk included nine lipids other than glycerophospholipid, seven aromatic compounds, five organic acids and four other organic compounds. After mutual adjustment, nine metabolites remained statistically significant for colorectal cancer. Together, these independently associated metabolites can separate cancer cases from controls with an area under the curve of 0.76 for colorectal cancer. We have identified that dysregulation of glycerophospholipids may contribute to risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- SKLORG & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- SKLORG & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiao Ma
- SKLORG & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- SKLORG & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI.,Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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92
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Wadhwa P, Kharbanda A, Bagchi S, Sharma A. Water-Mediated One-Pot Three-Component Reaction to Bifunctionalized Thiadiazoloquinazolinone-coumarin Hybrids: A Green Approach. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee- 247667 India
| | - Anupreet Kharbanda
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee- 247667 India
| | - Sourav Bagchi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee- 247667 India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee- 247667 India
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93
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Stefanachi A, Leonetti F, Pisani L, Catto M, Carotti A. Coumarin: A Natural, Privileged and Versatile Scaffold for Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:E250. [PMID: 29382051 PMCID: PMC6017103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many naturally occurring substances, traditionally used in popular medicines around the world, contain the coumarin moiety. Coumarin represents a privileged scaffold for medicinal chemists, because of its peculiar physicochemical features, and the versatile and easy synthetic transformation into a large variety of functionalized coumarins. As a consequence, a huge number of coumarin derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and tested to address many pharmacological targets in a selective way, e.g., selective enzyme inhibitors, and more recently, a number of selected targets (multitarget ligands) involved in multifactorial diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this review an overview of the most recent synthetic pathways leading to mono- and polyfunctionalized coumarins will be presented, along with the main biological pathways of their biosynthesis and metabolic transformations. The many existing and recent reviews in the field prompted us to make some drastic selections, and therefore, the review is focused on monoamine oxidase, cholinesterase, and aromatase inhibitors, and on multitarget coumarins acting on selected targets of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Leonetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Catto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Carotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.
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94
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Governa P, Baini G, Borgonetti V, Cettolin G, Giachetti D, Magnano AR, Miraldi E, Biagi M. Phytotherapy in the Management of Diabetes: A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E105. [PMID: 29300317 PMCID: PMC6017385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytotherapy has long been a source of medicinal products and over the years there have been many attempts to use herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes. Several medicinal plants and their preparations have been demonstrated to act at key points of glucidic metabolism. The most common mechanisms of action found include the inhibition of α-glucosidase and of AGE formation, the increase of GLUT-4 and PPARs expression and antioxidant activity. Despite the large amount of literature available, the actual clinical effectiveness of medicinal plants in controlling diabetes-related symptoms remains controversial and there is a crucial need for stronger evidence-based data. In this review, an overview of the medicinal plants, which use in the management of diabetes is supported by authoritative monographs, is provided. References to some species which are currently under increasing clinical investigation are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Governa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cettolin
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Daniela Giachetti
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Anna Rosa Magnano
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Miraldi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
- Italian Society of Phytotherapy, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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95
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Planar chromatographic screening and quantification of coumarin in food, confirmed by mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 239:1182-1191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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96
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Momtaz S, Hassani S, Khan F, Ziaee M, Abdollahi M. Cinnamon, a promising prospect towards Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 130:241-258. [PMID: 29258915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, an exponential increase of efforts concerning the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been practiced. Phytochemicals preparations have a millenary background to combat various pathological conditions. Various cinnamon species and their biologically active ingredients have renewed the interest towards the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate AD through the inhibition of tau protein aggregation and prevention of the formation and accumulation of amyloid-β peptides into the neurotoxic oligomeric inclusions, both of which are considered to be the AD trademarks. In this review, we presented comprehensive data on the interactions of a number of cinnamon polyphenols (PPs) with oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the brain. In addition, we discussed the potential association between AD and diabetes mellitus (DM), vis-à-vis the effluence of cinnamon PPs. Further, an upcoming prospect of AD epigenetic pathophysiological conditions and cinnamon has been sighted. Data was retrieved from the scientific databases such as PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine, Scopus and Google Scholar without any time limitation. The extract of cinnamon efficiently inhibits tau accumulations, Aβ aggregation and toxicity in vivo and in vitro models. Indeed, cinnamon possesses neuroprotective effects interfering multiple oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory pathways. Besides, cinnamon modulates endothelial functions and attenuates the vascular cell adhesion molecules. Cinnamon PPs may induce AD epigenetic modifications. Cinnamon and in particular, cinnamaldehyde seem to be effective and safe approaches for treatment and prevention of AD onset and/or progression. However, further molecular and translational research studies as well as prolonged clinical trials are required to establish the therapeutic safety and efficacy in different cinnamon spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran.
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97
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Milenković D, Avdović EH, Dimić D, Bajin Z, Ristić B, Vuković N, Trifunović SR, Marković ZS. Reactivity of the coumarine derivative towards cartilage proteins: combined NBO, QTAIM, and molecular docking study. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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98
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Maierean SM, Serban MC, Sahebkar A, Ursoniu S, Serban A, Penson P, Banach M. The effects of cinnamon supplementation on blood lipid concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1393-1406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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99
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Faqueti LG, Sandjo LP, Biavatti MW. Simultaneous identification and quantification of polymethoxyflavones, coumarin and phenolic acids in Ageratum conyzoides by UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS and UPLC-PDA. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:621-628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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100
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Stiefel C, Schubert T, Morlock GE. Bioprofiling of Cosmetics with Focus on Streamlined Coumarin Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5242-5250. [PMID: 30023744 PMCID: PMC6044641 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Facing the widespread use of cosmetic products in daily use and recognizing the very limited information obtained by target analysis, a method suited for comprehensive characterization of cosmetics was aimed at. The biological activity of ingredients of 20 cosmetics taken from 16 different product groups and their coumarin contents were investigated via chromatography linked to bioassays (direct bioautography) and mass spectrometry. It allows for screening a large number of cosmetic products within a short time to generate a more valid database on their coumarin content and their contribution to the overall exposure. Bioactivity profiling of cosmetics with regard to bioactive ingredients opens new avenues for a comprehensive characterization of important substances in products of daily use, helpful for the legally required safety and risk assessment of cosmetic products, especially for multiple product usage. As for coumarin, a ubiquitary fragrance compound of allergenic potential, which is under recurrent discussion due to its hepatoxic properties, it is necessary to be able to estimate the regular intake via cosmetics for a valid risk assessment. This newly developed bioprofiling method allowed a selective determination of coumarin down to 1.3 mg kg-1, even for very matrix-rich cosmetics despite minimalism in sample preparation. The declaration limits according to European Cosmetics Regulation were completely covered. Mean coumarin contents of 20 cosmetic products reached up to 2218 mg kg-1. The repeatabilities (%RSD, n = 3) were between 1.1 and 2.9%, and the mean recoveries (n = 5) were between 96 and 102% for the different cosmetic matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Stiefel
- Chair of Food Science, Institute
of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tina Schubert
- Chair of Food Science, Institute
of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute
of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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