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Tomaselli D, Lucidi A, Rotili D, Mai A. Epigenetic polypharmacology: A new frontier for epi-drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:190-244. [PMID: 31218726 PMCID: PMC6917854 DOI: 10.1002/med.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, despite the great success achieved by the so-called "magic bullets" in the treatment of different diseases through a marked and specific interaction with the target of interest, the pharmacological research is moving toward the development of "molecular network active compounds," embracing the related polypharmacology approach. This strategy was born to overcome the main limitations of the single target therapy leading to a superior therapeutic effect, a decrease of adverse reactions, and a reduction of potential mechanism(s) of drug resistance caused by robustness and redundancy of biological pathways. It has become clear that multifactorial diseases such as cancer, neurological, and inflammatory disorders, may require more complex therapeutic approaches hitting a certain biological system as a whole. Concerning epigenetics, the goal of the multi-epi-target approach consists in the development of small molecules able to simultaneously and (often) reversibly bind different specific epi-targets. To date, two dual histone deacetylase/kinase inhibitors (CUDC-101 and CUDC-907) are in an advanced stage of clinical trials. In the last years, the growing interest in polypharmacology encouraged the publication of high-quality reviews on combination therapy and hybrid molecules. Hence, to update the state-of-the-art of these therapeutic approaches avoiding redundancy, herein we focused only on multiple medication therapies and multitargeting compounds exploiting epigenetic plus nonepigenetic drugs reported in the literature in 2018. In addition, all the multi-epi-target inhibitors known in literature so far, hitting two or more epigenetic targets, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Viale
Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
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52
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Bousquet MS, Ratnayake R, Pope JL, Chen QY, Zhu F, Chen S, Carney TJ, Gharaibeh RZ, Jobin C, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Seaweed natural products modify the host inflammatory response via Nrf2 signaling and alter colon microbiota composition and gene expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:306-323. [PMID: 31536771 PMCID: PMC7339024 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are an important component of human diets, especially in Asia and the Pacific islands, and have shown chemopreventive as well as anti-inflammatory properties. However, structural characterization and mechanistic insight of seaweed components responsible for their biological activities are lacking. We isolated cymopol and related natural products from the marine green alga Cymopolia barbata and demonstrated their function as activators of transcription factor Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response to increase the cellular antioxidant status. We probed the reactivity of the bioactivation product of cymopol, cymopol quinone, which was able to modify various cysteine residues of Nrf2's cytoplasmic repressor protein Keap1. The observed adducts are reflective of the polypharmacology at the level of natural product, due to multiple electrophilic centers, and at the amino acid level of the cysteine-rich target protein Keap1. The non-polar C. barbata extract and its major active component cymopol, reduced inflammatory gene transcription in vitro in macrophages and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Cymopol-containing extracts attenuated neutrophil migration in a zebrafish tail wound model. RNA-seq analysis of colonic tissues of mice exposed to non-polar extract or cymopol showed an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response, with more pronounced effects exhibited by the extract. Cymopolia extract reduced DSS-induced colitis as measured by fecal lipocalin concentration. RNA-seq showed that mucosal-associated bacterial composition and transcriptional profile in large intestines were beneficially altered to varying degrees in mice treated with either the extract or cymopol. We conclude that seaweed-derived compounds, especially cymopol, alter Nrf2-mediated host and microbial gene expression, thereby providing polypharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Bousquet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jillian L Pope
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Qi-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Fanchao Zhu
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Thomas J Carney
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore.
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53
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Consumption of baby kale increased cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity and influenced bilirubin metabolism in a randomized clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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54
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Montgomery M, Srinivasan A. Epigenetic Gene Regulation by Dietary Compounds in Cancer Prevention. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:1012-1028. [PMID: 31100104 PMCID: PMC6855955 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, cancer has been viewed as a set of diseases that are driven by the accumulation of genetic mutations, but we now understand that disruptions in epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are prevalent in cancer as well. Unlike genetic mutations, however, epigenetic alterations are reversible, making them desirable therapeutic targets. The potential for diet, and bioactive dietary components, to target epigenetic pathways in cancer is now widely appreciated, but our understanding of how to utilize these compounds for effective chemopreventive strategies in humans is in its infancy. This review provides a brief overview of epigenetic regulation and the clinical applications of epigenetics in cancer. It then describes the capacity for dietary components to contribute to epigenetic regulation, with a focus on the efficacy of dietary epigenetic regulators as secondary cancer prevention strategies in humans. Lastly, it discusses the necessary precautions and challenges that will need to be overcome before the chemopreventive power of dietary-based intervention strategies can be fully harnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKale Montgomery
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK,Address correspondence to MM (E-mail: )
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55
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Houghton CA. Sulforaphane: Its "Coming of Age" as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2716870. [PMID: 31737167 PMCID: PMC6815645 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2716870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing awareness of the mechanisms by which phytochemicals can influence upstream endogenous cellular defence processes has led to intensified research into their potential relevance in the prevention and treatment of disease. Pharmaceutical medicine has historically looked to plants as sources of the starting materials for drug development; however, the focus of nutraceutical medicine is to retain the plant bioactive in as close to its native state as possible. As a consequence, the potency of a nutraceutical concentrate or an extract may be lower than required for significant gene expression. The molecular structure of bioactive phytochemicals to a large extent determines the molecule's bioavailability. Polyphenols are abundant in dietary phytochemicals, and extensive in vitro research has established many of the signalling mechanisms involved in favourably modulating human biochemical pathways. Such pathways are associated with core processes such as redox modulation and immune modulation for infection control and for downregulating the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. Although the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic disease continues to be affirmed, direct-acting antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and others have not yielded the expected preventive or therapeutic responses, even though several large meta-analyses have sought to evaluate the potential benefit of such supplements. Because polyphenols exhibit poor bioavailability, few of their impressive in vitro findings have been replicated in vivo. SFN, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, emerges as a phytochemical with comparatively high bioavailability. A number of clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to produce favourable outcomes in conditions for which there are few satisfactory pharmaceutical solutions, foreshadowing the potential for SFN as a clinically relevant nutraceutical. Although myrosinase-inert broccoli sprout extracts are widely available, there now exist myrosinase-active broccoli sprout supplements that yield sufficient SFN to match the doses used in clinical trials.
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56
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Yagishita Y, Fahey JW, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Kensler TW. Broccoli or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source or Dose That Matters? Molecules 2019; 24:E3593. [PMID: 31590459 PMCID: PMC6804255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is robust epidemiological evidence for the beneficial effects of broccoli consumption on health, many of them clearly mediated by the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Present in the plant as its precursor, glucoraphanin, sulforaphane is formed through the actions of myrosinase, a β-thioglucosidase present in either the plant tissue or the mammalian microbiome. Since first isolated from broccoli and demonstrated to have cancer chemoprotective properties in rats in the early 1990s, over 3000 publications have described its efficacy in rodent disease models, underlying mechanisms of action or, to date, over 50 clinical trials examining pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease mitigation. This review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding the relationships between formulation (e.g., plants, sprouts, beverages, supplements), bioavailability and efficacy, and the doses of glucoraphanin and/or sulforaphane that have been used in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We pay special attention to the challenges for better integration of animal model and clinical studies, particularly with regard to selection of dose and route of administration. More effort is required to elucidate underlying mechanisms of action and to develop and validate biomarkers of pharmacodynamic action in humans. A sobering lesson is that changes in approach will be required to implement a public health paradigm for dispensing benefit across all spectrums of the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yagishita
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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57
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Zawari M, Poller B, Walker G, Pearson A, Hampton M, Carr AC. Formulation of Broccoli Sprout Powder in Gastro-Resistant Capsules Protects against the Acidic pH of the Stomach In Vitro but Does Not Increase Isothiocyanate Bioavailability In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090359. [PMID: 31480621 PMCID: PMC6770740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprout powder is a rich source of glucosinolates, which are hydrolysed to isothiocyanates in the presence of the enzyme myrosinase. We showed that in vitro incubation of broccoli sprout powder extract with isolated lymphocytes resulted in the upregulation of transcription factor Nrf2, however, there was no increase in Nrf2 protein levels in lymphocytes isolated 3 h following the ingestion of broccoli sprout powder by healthy volunteers. This highlights the general issue that potential health benefits of food-derived compounds can be compromised by limitations in bioavailability. In vitro experiments showed that the generation of isothiocyanates was reduced when the powder was first exposed to the low pH (1.2) of the stomach and then transferred to the higher pH (6.8) of the intestine. The loss of activity due to pre-exposure to the low stomach pH indicates that formulating the broccoli sprout powder in gastro-resistant formulations should increase that amount of isothiocyanate generated in the intestine for absorption. Gelatin capsules were hand-coated with either Eudragit® L100 or Eudragit® L100-55 and were assessed for their gastro-resistant properties using paracetamol as a model active for dissolution studies. Disintegration and dissolution studies showed that Eudragit® L100-55 coated capsules and DRcapsTM (Capsugel®) failed the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) requirements for gastro-resistant capsules, whereas the Eudragit® L100 coated capsules passed. Five healthy participants were administered 1 g of broccoli sprout powder, ingested either with water or encapsulated in uncoated or gastro-resistant capsules. Urinary excretion of isothiocyanate metabolites over the 24 h period post ingestion was assessed by HPLC. Broccoli sprout powder and uncoated gelatin-encapsulated powder showed comparable excretion of isothiocyanate metabolites (18.4 ± 2.3 and 23.9 ± 2.7 µmol, respectively). The enteric coated capsules provided a significantly longer Tmax than the uncoated gelatin capsules (15.4 ± 2.3 versus 3.7 ± 0.7 h, respectively), indicating protection from disintegration in the stomach, however, the excretion of isothiocyanate metabolites was significantly decreased compared with uncoated capsules (i.e., 8.5 ± 1.1 µmol). The lower in vivo formation or absorption of isothiocyanates observed for the gastro-resistant capsules may be due to participant variation in intestinal pH or transit times, resulting in inappropriate pH conditions or insufficient time for the complete disintegration and dissolution of the capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuma Zawari
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Bettina Poller
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Greg Walker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Andree Pearson
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mark Hampton
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Anitra C Carr
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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58
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Villaño D, López-Chillón MT, Zafrilla P, Moreno DA. Bioavailability of broccoli sprouts in different human overweight populations. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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59
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Zhang Z, Garzotto M, Davis EW, Mori M, Stoller WA, Farris PE, Wong CP, Beaver LM, Thomas GV, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Hendrix DA, Ho E, Shannon J. Sulforaphane Bioavailability and Chemopreventive Activity in Men Presenting for Biopsy of the Prostate Gland: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:74-87. [PMID: 31155953 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1619783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest compounds such as sulforaphane (SFN) derived from cruciferous vegetables may prevent prostate cancer development and progression. This study evaluated the effect of broccoli sprout extract (BSE) supplementation on blood histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, prostate RNA gene expression, and tissue biomarkers (histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation (H3K18ac), HDAC3, HDAC6, Ki67, and p21). A total of 98 men scheduled for prostate biopsy were allocated into either BSE (200 µmol daily) or a placebo in our double-blind, randomized controlled trial. We used nonparametric tests to evaluate the differences of blood HDAC activity and prostate tissue immunohistochemistry biomarkers between treatment groups. Further, we performed RNA-Seq analysis on the prostate biopsies and identified 40 differentially expressed genes correlated with BSE treatment, including downregulation of two genes previously implicated in prostate cancer development, AMACR and ARLNC1. Although urine and plasma SFN isothiocyanates and individual SFN metabolites were statistically higher in the treatment group, our results did not show a significant difference in HDAC activity or prostate tissue biomarkers. This study indicates BSE supplementation correlates with changes in gene expression but not with several other prostate cancer biomarkers. More research is required to fully understand the chemopreventive effects of BSE supplementation on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark Garzotto
- Department of Urology, Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward W Davis
- School of Biological and Population Health Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Motomi Mori
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Wesley A Stoller
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Paige E Farris
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - George V Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David A Hendrix
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,The School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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60
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Dutta Gupta S, Bommaka MK, Banerjee A. Inhibiting protein-protein interactions of Hsp90 as a novel approach for targeting cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:48-63. [PMID: 31176095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ninety kilo Dalton molecular weight heat shock protein (Hsp90) is an attractive target for the discovery of novel anticancer agents. Several strategies have been employed for the development of inhibitors against this polypeptide. The most successful strategy is targeting the N-terminal ATP binding region of the chaperone. However, till date not a single molecule reached Phase-IV of clinical trials from this class of Hsp90 inhibitors. The other approach is to target the Cterminal region of the protein. The success with this approach has been limited due to lack of well-defined ligand binding pocket in this terminal. The other promising strategy is to prevent the interaction of client proteins/co-chaperones with Hsp90 protein, i.e., protein-protein interaction inhibitors of Hsp90. The review focuses on advantage of this approach along with the recent advances in the discovery of inhibitors by following this strategy. Additionally, the biology of the client protein/co-chaperone binding site of Hsp90 is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Dutta Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Manish Kumar Bommaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India; School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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61
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Sulforaphane - role in aging and neurodegeneration. GeroScience 2019; 41:655-670. [PMID: 30941620 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last several years, numerous molecules derived from plants and vegetables have been tested for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. One of them is sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables. SFN activates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses by inducing Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB. It also has an epigenetic effect by inhibiting HDAC and DNA methyltransferases and modifies mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, SFN preserves proteome homeostasis (proteostasis) by activating the proteasome, which has been shown to lead to increased cellular lifespan and prevent neurodegeneration. In this review, we describe some of the molecular and physical characteristics of SFN, its mechanisms of action, and the effects that SFN treatment induces in order to discuss its relevance as a "miraculous" drug to prevent aging and neurodegeneration.
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62
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Bhat R, Vyas D. Myrosinase: insights on structural, catalytic, regulatory, and environmental interactions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:508-523. [PMID: 30939944 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1576024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolate-myrosinase is a substrate-enzyme defense mechanism present in Brassica crops. This binary system provides the plant with an efficient system against herbivores and pathogens. For humans, it is well known for its anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, cardio-protective, and central nervous system protective activities. Glucosinolate and myrosinase are spatially present in different cells that upon tissue disruption come together and result in the formation of a variety of hydrolysis products with diverse physicochemical and biological properties. The myrosinase-catalyzed reaction starts with cleavage of the thioglucosidic linkage resulting in release of a D-glucose and an unstable thiohydroximate-O-sulfate. The outcome of this thiohydroximate-O-sulfate has been shown to depend on the structure of the glucosinolate side chain, the presence of supplementary proteins known as specifier proteins and/or on the physiochemical condition. Myrosinase was first reported in mustard seed during 1939 as a protein responsible for release of essential oil. Until this date, myrosinases have been characterized from more than 20 species of Brassica, cabbage aphid, and many bacteria residing in the human intestine. All the plant myrosinases are reported to be activated by ascorbic acid while aphid and bacterial myrosinases are found to be either neutral or inhibited. Myrosinase catalyzes hydrolysis of the S-glycosyl bond, O-β glycosyl bond, and O-glycosyl bond. This review summarizes information on myrosinase, an essential component of this binary system, including its structural and molecular properties, mechanism of action, and its regulation and will be beneficial for the research going on the understanding and betterment of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system from an ecological and nutraceutical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Bhat
- a Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Jammu , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Jammu , India
| | - Dhiraj Vyas
- a Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Jammu , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Jammu , India
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63
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Mazarakis N, Snibson K, Licciardi PV, Karagiannis TC. The potential use of l-sulforaphane for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases: A review of the clinical evidence. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:664-675. [PMID: 30954362 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organisation, 70% of all deaths globally can be attributed to chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. Chronic inflammation has a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals with an increased risk of developing other chronic inflammatory diseases. Given the limitations of current pharmaceuticals, there is an intense research interest in identifying novel dietary interventions that can regulate and alleviate inflammation. A diet rich in cruciferous vegetables has been extensively studied for its immediate and long-term health benefits, particularly in the context of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Cruciferous vegetables contain the precursor glucoraphanin, which is hydrolysed upon consumption to form l-sulforaphane (LSF), the primary active compound that mediates potential cardio-protective and anti-carcinogenic effects. LSF has been shown to have beneficial effects in vitro and in animal studies through its classical antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and more recently its chromatin modifying effects. This review discusses the clinical evidence to date in relation to the use of LSF in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases as well as provide key mechanistic insights for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mazarakis
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kenneth Snibson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been an increasing interest in using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches to treat cancer. It is therefore relevant and timely to determine if CAM biomarkers can be identified and developed to guide cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we review the status of cancer biomarkers in CAM research and treatment to stimulate further research in this area. RECENT FINDINGS Studies on promising anti-cancer natural products, such as PHY906, honokiol, bryostatin-1, and sulforaphane have demonstrated the existence of potential cancer biomarker(s). Additional studies are required to further develop and ultimately validate these biomarkers that can predict clinical activity of the anti-cancer natural products used alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. A systematic approach is needed to identify and develop CAM treatment associated biomarkers and to define their role in facilitating clinical decision-making. The expectation is to use these biomarkers in determining potential options for CAM treatment, examining treatment effects and toxicity and/or clinical efficacy in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Ganguly
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rm. 4-W438, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - David Frank
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nagi Kumar
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
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Wallace TC, Bultman S, D'Adamo C, Daniel CR, Debelius J, Ho E, Eliassen H, Lemanne D, Mukherjee P, Seyfried TN, Tian Q, Vahdat LT. Personalized Nutrition in Disrupting Cancer - Proceedings From the 2017 American College of Nutrition Annual Meeting. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:1-14. [PMID: 30511901 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1500499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem and is the second leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide; nearly one in six deaths are attributable to cancer. Approximately 20% of all cancers diagnosed in the United States are attributable to unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and body fatness. Individual cancers are distinct disease states that are multifactorial in their causation, making them exceedingly cumbersome to study from a nutrition standpoint. Genetic influences are a major piece of the puzzle and personalized nutrition is likely to be most effective in disrupting cancer during all stages. Increasing evidence shows that after a cancer diagnosis, continuing standard dietary recommendations may not be appropriate. This is because powerful dietary interventions such as short-term fasting and carbohydrate restriction can disrupt tumor metabolism, synergizing with standard therapies such as radiation and drug therapy to improve efficacy and ultimately, cancer survival. The importance of identifying dietary interventions cannot be overstated, and the American College of Nutrition's commitment to advancing knowledge and research is evidenced by dedication of the 2017 ACN Annual Meeting to "Disrupting Cancer: The Role of Personalized Nutrition" and this resulting proceedings manuscript, which summarizes the meeting's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Wallace
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Studies , George Mason University , Fairfax, VA , USA.,b Think Healthy Group, Inc , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Scott Bultman
- c Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Chris D'Adamo
- d Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health , Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- e Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Justine Debelius
- f Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Emily Ho
- g Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University
| | - Heather Eliassen
- h Channing Division of Network Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.,i Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Dawn Lemanne
- j Department of Medicine , University of Arizona , Tucson.,k National Institute of Integrative Medicine , Melbourne , Australia.,l Oregon Integrative Oncology , Ashland , Oregon
| | | | | | - Qiang Tian
- n Institute for Systems Biology, P4 Medicine Institute
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Sulforaphane as anticancer agent: A double-edged sword? Tricky balance between effects on tumor cells and immune cells. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:79-87. [PMID: 30528536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. It has been reported to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancers, such as breast, prostate, colon, skin, lung, gastric or bladder cancer. SFN is supposed to act primarily as an antioxidant due to the activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. This enhances the activity of phase II detoxifying enzymes and the trapping of free radicals. Finally, SFN induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis of tumor cells. Here, we discuss effects of SFN on the immune defense system. In contrast to the situation in tumor cells, SFN acts pro-oxidatively in primary human T cells. It increases intracellular ROS levels and decreases GSH, resulting in inhibition of T cell activation and T cell effector functions. Regarding the use of SFN as an "anticancer agent" we conclude that SFN could act as a double-edged sword. On the one hand it reduces carcinogenesis, on the other hand it blocks the T cell-mediated immune response, the latter being important for immune surveillance of tumors. Thus, SFN could also interfere with the successful application of immunotherapy by immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. CTLA-4 antibodies and PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies) or CAR T cells. Therefore, a combination of SFN with T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapies does not seem advisable.
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67
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Chen J, Bao C, Kim JT, Cho JS, Qiu S, Lee HJ. Sulforaphene Inhibition of Adipogenesis via Hedgehog Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11926-11934. [PMID: 30354116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for numerous metabolic disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of the isothiocyanates sulforaphane (SA) and sulforaphene (SE) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. SE, a compound that is abundant in radish, inhibited adipogenesis by suppressing the adipogenic transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ, 69.2 ± 2.4%, P < 0.05) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα, 36.1 ± 3.1%, P < 0.05), thereby reducing fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (45.6 ± 2.7%, P < 0.05); SA was less effective. SE exerted these activities through the activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by restoring Smo ((2.1 ± 0.2)-fold, P < 0.05) and Gli1 ((2.8 ± 0.1)-fold, P < 0.05) expression, which was suppressed by adipogenic signals. These effects of SE were abrogated by treatment with the Hh inhibitor vismodegib. Thus, SE inhibits adipocyte differentiation via Hh signaling and may be an effective natural agent for preventing adipocyte hyperplasia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong 17546 , South Korea
| | - Cheng Bao
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong 17546 , South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong 17546 , South Korea
| | - Jae Seok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong 17546 , South Korea
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong 17546 , South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong 17546 , South Korea
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68
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Kan SF, Wang J, Sun GX. Sulforaphane regulates apoptosis- and proliferation‑related signaling pathways and synergizes with cisplatin to suppress human ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2447-2458. [PMID: 30226534 PMCID: PMC6192763 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is currently the most life‑threatening type of gynecological malignancy with limited treatment options. Therefore, improved targeted therapies are required to combat ovarian cancer across the world. Sulforaphane is found in raw cruciferous vegetables. The chemotherapeutic and anti‑carcinogenic properties of sulforaphane have been demonstrated, however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, particularly in ovarian cancer. In the present study, the possibility of repurposing sulforaphane as an anti‑ovarian cancer agent was examined. Cell viability and colony formation assay were used to test the anticancer efficiency of sulforaphane. Then wound healing assay, migration assay, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were used to detect how the drug worked on the cells. The mechanism of sulforaphane was investigated by western blot analysis. It was found that sulforaphane effectively suppressed the progression of human ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis. Sulforaphane inhibited multiple cancer‑associated signaling pathways, including B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, cytochrome c, Caspase‑3, phosphorylated AKT, phosphorylated nuclear factor‑κB, P53, P27, Cyclin‑D1 and cMyc, and reduced the expression levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in human ovarian cancer cells. Sulforaphane synergized with cisplatin to suppress the cancer cell proliferation and enhance ovarian cancer cell apoptosis. Xenograft experiments in vivo confirmed that sulforaphane effectively suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting ovarian cancer cell proliferation through targeting tumor‑related signals. The results indicated that sulforaphane may be repurposed as an effective anti‑ovarian cancer agent, with further preclinical or clinical investigations required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Zaozhuang City Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277102, P.R. China
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69
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Curran KM, Bracha S, Wong CP, Beaver LM, Stevens JF, Ho E. Sulforaphane absorption and histone deacetylase activity following single dosing of broccoli sprout supplement in normal dogs. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:357-363. [PMID: 30117668 PMCID: PMC6236138 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of epigenetic alterations during cancer has gained increasing attention and has resulted in a paradigm shift in our understanding of mechanisms leading to cancer susceptibility. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived from the precursor glucosinolate, glucoraphanin (GFN), which is found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. Sulforaphane has been shown to suppress tumour growth by several mechanisms including inhibiting histone deacetylases. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed analysis of sulforaphane absorption following a single oral dose of a broccoli sprout supplement in normal dogs. A single dose of broccoli sprout supplement (with active myrosinase) was orally administered to 10 healthy adult dogs. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to dosing, and at various time points post‐dosing. Plasma total SFN metabolite levels peaked at 4 h post‐consumption and were cleared by 24 h post‐consumption. Urinary SFN metabolites peaked at 4 h post‐consumption, and remained detectable at 24 and 48 h post‐supplement consumption. A trend for decrease in histone deacetylase activity was observed at 1 h post‐consumption and a significant decrease was observed at 24 h post‐consumption. The data presented herein indicate that oral SFN is absorbed in dogs, SFN metabolites are detectable in plasma and urine post‐dosing, and SFN and its metabolites have some effect on histone deacetylase activity following a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Shay Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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70
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Patel B, Mann GE, Chapple SJ. Concerted redox modulation by sulforaphane alleviates diabetes and cardiometabolic syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:150-160. [PMID: 29427794 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders such as hypertension and obesity are major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease, with a wealth of evidence suggesting that oxidative stress is linked to the initiation and pathogenesis of these disease processes. With yearly increases in the global incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes, numerous studies have focused on characterizing whether upregulating antioxidant defenses through exogenous antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E, vitamin C) or activation of endogenous defenses (e.g. the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant defense pathway) may be of benefit. The dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) is currently the subject of several clinical trials for a variety of disease states, including the evaluation of its therapeutic potential to ameliorate diabetic and cardiometabolic complications. SFN is a well characterized and potent Nrf2 inducer, however recent studies suggest its protective actions may be in part mediated by its modulation of various pro-inflammatory (e.g. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB)) and metabolic (e.g. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activator Receptor Gamma (PPARγ)) signaling pathways. The focus of this review is to provide a detailed analysis of the known mechanisms by which SFN modulates Nrf2, NFκB and PPARγ signaling and crosstalk and to provide a critical evaluation of the evidence linking these transcriptional pathways with diabetic and cardiometabolic complications and SFN mediated cytoprotection. To allow comparison between rodent and human studies, we discuss the published bioavailability of SFN metabolites achieved in rodents and man in the context of Nrf2, NFκB and PPARγ signaling. Furthermore, we provide an update on the functional outcomes and implicated signaling pathways reported in recent clinical trials with SFN in Type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal Patel
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Chapple
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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71
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Šamec D, Pavlović I, Radojčić Redovniković I, Salopek-Sondi B. Comparative analysis of phytochemicals and activity of endogenous enzymes associated with their stability, bioavailability and food quality in five Brassicaceae sprouts. Food Chem 2018; 269:96-102. [PMID: 30100490 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Five Brassicaceae sprouts (white cabbage, kale, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, arugula) were comparatively analyzed based on phytochemicals (polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, chlorophylls, ascorbic acid) content and accompanying enzymes associated with phytochemical stability and bioavailability (peroxidases, myrosinase, and polyphenol-oxidase) that consequently impact food quality. Significantly high content of polyphenols and glucosinolates, as well as a high antioxidant activity were found in white cabbage, followed by kale sprouts. In addition, white cabbage contained higher amount of fibers and lower polyphenol-oxidase activity which potentially indicates prevention of browning and consequently better sprout quality. Arugula and broccoli showed higher activity of myrosinase that may result in higher bioavailability of active glucosinolates forms. According to our data, sprouts are cheap, easy- and fast-growing source of phytochemicals but also they are characterized by different endogenous enzymes activity. Consequently, this parameter should also be taken into consideration in the studies related to the health benefits of the plant-based food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Šamec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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72
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Critical Evaluation of Gene Expression Changes in Human Tissues in Response to Supplementation with Dietary Bioactive Compounds: Moving Towards Better-Quality Studies. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070807. [PMID: 29932449 PMCID: PMC6073419 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical cell and animal nutrigenomic studies have long suggested the modulation of the transcription of multiple gene targets in cells and tissues as a potential molecular mechanism of action underlying the beneficial effects attributed to plant-derived bioactive compounds. To try to demonstrate these molecular effects in humans, a considerable number of clinical trials have now explored the changes in the expression levels of selected genes in various human cell and tissue samples following intervention with different dietary sources of bioactive compounds. In this review, we have compiled a total of 75 human studies exploring gene expression changes using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). We have critically appraised the study design and methodology used as well as the gene expression results reported. We herein pinpoint some of the main drawbacks and gaps in the experimental strategies applied, as well as the high interindividual variability of the results and the limited evidence supporting some of the investigated genes as potential responsive targets. We reinforce the need to apply normalized procedures and follow well-established methodological guidelines in future studies in order to achieve improved and reliable results that would allow for more relevant and biologically meaningful results.
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73
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Paul B, Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. The Effects of Combinatorial Genistein and Sulforaphane in Breast Tumor Inhibition: Role in Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061754. [PMID: 29899271 PMCID: PMC6032337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary compounds that possess the properties of altering epigenetic processes are gaining popularity as targets for cancer prevention studies. These compounds when administered at optimal concentrations and especially in combination can have enhanced effects in cancer prevention or therapy. It is important to study the interaction of two or more compounds in order to assess their role in enhancing prevention. Genistein (GEN), found in soy, has been extensively studied for its role as an epigenetic modifier especially as a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor and sulforaphane (SFN), found in cruciferous vegetables, is known as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. However, very little is known about the effects of these two compounds in conjunction in breast cancer prevention or therapy. In our current study, we determined that, at certain doses, the compounds have synergistic effects in decreasing cellular viability of breast cancer cell lines. Our results indicate that the combination of GEN and SFN is much more effective than their single doses in increasing the rate of apoptosis and lowering the colony forming potential of these cells. We determined that these compounds inhibit cell cycle progression to G2 phase in MDA-MB-231 and G1 phase in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, we determined that the combination is effective as an HDAC and histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitor. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this combination downregulates the levels of HDAC2 and HDAC3 both at the mRNA and protein levels. We also found that these compounds have the potential to downregulate KLF4 levels, which plays an important role in stem cell formation. The combination of GEN and SFN is also effective in downregulating hTERT levels, which is known to be activated when KLF4 binds to its promoter region. Our hypothesis is further strengthened by in vivo studies, where the combination is administered to transgenic mice in the form of genistein and SFN-enriched broccoli sprouts. We have demonstrated that the combination is more effective in preventing or treating mammary cancer via extending tumor latency and reducing tumor volumes/sizes than either of these dietary components administered alone. These results are consistent with our in vitro study suggesting potential preventive and therapeutic effects of this novel dietary combinatorial approach against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Paul
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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74
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Leone A, Diorio G, Sexton W, Schell M, Alexandrow M, Fahey JW, Kumar NB. Sulforaphane for the chemoprevention of bladder cancer: molecular mechanism targeted approach. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35412-35424. [PMID: 28423681 PMCID: PMC5471065 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical course for both early and late stage Bladder Cancer (BC) continues to be characterized by significant patient burden due to numerous occurrences and recurrences requiring frequent surveillance strategies, intravesical drug therapies, and even more aggressive treatments in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. For these reasons, BC is also the most expensive cancer to treat. Fortunately, BC offers an excellent platform for chemoprevention interventions with potential to optimize the systemic and local exposure of promising agents to the bladder mucosa. However, other than smoking cessation, there is a paucity of research that systematically examines agents for chemoprevention of bladder cancers. Adopting a systematic, molecular-mechanism based approach, the goal of this review is to summarize epidemiological, in vitro, and preclinical studies, including data regarding the safety, bioavailability, and efficacy of agents evaluated for bladder cancer chemoprevention. Based on the available studies, phytochemicals, specifically isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane, present in Brassicaceae or “cruciferous” vegetables in the precursor form of glucoraphanin are: (a) available in standardized formulations; (b) bioavailable- both systemically and in the bladder; (c) observed to be potent inhibitors of BC carcinogenesis through multiple mechanisms; and (d) without toxicities at these doses. Based on available evidence from epidemiological, in vitro, preclinical, and early phase trials, phytochemicals, specifically isothiocyanates (ITCs) such as sulforaphane (SFN) represent a promising potential chemopreventitive agent in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leone
- Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gregory Diorio
- Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wade Sexton
- Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Schell
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mark Alexandrow
- Cancer Biology and Evolution, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nagi B Kumar
- Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc., Tampa, FL, USA
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75
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Housley L, Magana AA, Hsu A, Beaver LM, Wong CP, Stevens JF, Choi J, Jiang Y, Bella D, Williams DE, Maier CS, Shannon J, Dashwood RH, Ho E. Untargeted Metabolomic Screen Reveals Changes in Human Plasma Metabolite Profiles Following Consumption of Fresh Broccoli Sprouts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700665. [PMID: 29377494 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Several lines of evidence suggest that the consumption of cruciferous vegetables is beneficial to human health. Yet, underlying mechanisms and key molecular targets that are involved with achieving these benefits in humans are still not fully understood. To accelerate this research, we conduct a human study to identify potential molecular targets of crucifers for further study. This study aims to characterize plasma metabolite profiles in humans before and after consuming fresh broccoli sprouts (a rich dietary source of bioactive sulforaphane). METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy adults consume fresh broccoli sprouts (containing 200 μmol sulforaphane equivalents) at time 0 and provide blood samples at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. An untargeted metabolomics screen reveals that levels of several plasma metabolites are significantly different before and after sprout intake, including fatty acids (14:0, 14:1, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1), glutathione, glutamine, cysteine, dehydroepiandrosterone, and deoxyuridine monophosphate. Evaluation of all time points is conducted using paired t-test (R software) and repeated measures analysis of variance for a within-subject design (Progenesis QI). CONCLUSION This investigation identifies several potential molecular targets of crucifers that may aid in studying established and emerging health benefits of consuming cruciferous vegetables and related bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Housley
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anna Hsu
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Deborah Bella
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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76
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Yamada-Kato T, Okunishi I, Fukamatsu Y, Tsuboi H, Yoshida Y. Stimulatory Effects of 6-Methylsulfinylhexyl Isothiocyanate on Cultured Human Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isao Okunishi
- Research & Development Division, Kinjirushi Co., Ltd
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Lněničková K, Dymáková A, Szotáková B, Boušová I. Sulforaphane Alters β-Naphthoflavone-Induced Changes in Activity and Expression of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Rat Hepatocytes. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111983. [PMID: 29144397 PMCID: PMC6150368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, exerts many beneficial effects on human health such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. The effect of SFN alone on drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) has been investigated in numerous in vitro and in vivo models, but little is known about the effect of SFN in combination with cytochrome P450 (CYP) inducer. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of SFN on the activity and gene expression of selected DMEs in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes treated or non-treated with β-naphthoflavone (BNF), the model CYP1A inducer. In our study, SFN alone did not significantly alter the activity and expression of the studied DMEs, except for the glutathione S-transferase (GSTA1) mRNA level, which was significantly enhanced. Co-treatment of hepatocytes with SFN and BNF led to a substantial increase in sulfotransferase, aldoketoreductase 1C, carbonylreductase 1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 activity and a marked decrease in cytochrome P450 (CYP) Cyp1a1, Cyp2b and Cyp3a4 expression in comparison to the treatment with BNF alone. Sulforaphane is able to modulate the activity and/or expression of DMEs, thus shifting the balance of carcinogen metabolism toward deactivation, which could represent an important mechanism of its chemopreventive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Lněničková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Dymáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Iva Boušová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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78
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Dinkova-Kostova AT, Fahey JW, Kostov RV, Kensler TW. KEAP1 and Done? Targeting the NRF2 Pathway with Sulforaphane. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017; 69:257-269. [PMID: 29242678 PMCID: PMC5725197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the re-discovery of sulforaphane in 1992 and the recognition of the bioactivity of this phytochemical, many studies have examined its mode of action in cells, animals and humans. Broccoli, especially as young sprouts, is a rich source of sulforaphane and broccoli-based preparations are now used in clinical studies probing efficacy in health preservation and disease mitigation. Many putative cellular targets are affected by sulforaphane although only one, KEAP1-NRF2 signaling, can be considered a validated target at this time. The transcription factor NRF2 is a master regulator of cell survival responses to endogenous and exogenous stressors. SCOPE AND APPROACH This review summarizes the chemical biology of sulforaphane as an inducer of NRF2 signaling and efficacy as an inhibitor of carcinogenesis. It also provides a summary of the current findings from clinical trials using a suite of broccoli sprout preparations on a series of short-term endpoints reflecting a diversity of molecular actions. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Sulforaphane, as a pure chemical, protects against chemical-induced skin, oral, stomach, colon, lung and bladder carcinogenesis and in genetic models of colon and prostate carcinogenesis. In many of these settings the antitumorigenic efficacy of sulforaphane is dampened in Nrf2-disrupted animals. Broccoli preparations rich in glucoraphanin or sulforaphane exert demonstrable pharmacodynamic action in over a score of clinical trials. Measures of NRF2 pathway response and function are serving as guideposts for the optimization of dose, schedule and formulation as clinical trials with broccoli-based preparations become more commonplace and more rigorous in design and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jed W. Fahey
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rumen V. Kostov
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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79
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Gründemann C, Huber R. Chemoprevention with isothiocyanates - From bench to bedside. Cancer Lett 2017; 414:26-33. [PMID: 29111351 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are naturally occurring hydrolization products from glucosinolates (GLSs) in brassicaceae and in epidemiological studies their intake has been weakly to moderately inversely correlated with the risk of colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. Numerous preclinical studies demonstrate chemopreventive mode of actions of ITCs, mainly related to a.) detoxification (induction of phase II enzymes), b.) anti-inflammatory properties by down-regulation of NFkappaB activity, c.) cyclin-mediated cell cycle arrest and d.) epigenetic modulation by inhibition of histone deacetylase activity. First prospective clinical trials were promising in patients with risk of prostate cancer recurrence. The glutathione-S-transferase gene expression seems to play a major role in the individual susceptibility towards ITCs. Safety issues are widely unclear and should be more addressed in future studies because ITCs can, in low concentrations, compromise the function of human immune cells and might impair genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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80
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Bayat Mokhtari R, Baluch N, Homayouni TS, Morgatskaya E, Kumar S, Kazemi P, Yeger H. The role of Sulforaphane in cancer chemoprevention and health benefits: a mini-review. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:91-101. [PMID: 28735362 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-stage process resulting from aberrant signaling pathways driving uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cells. The development and progression of cancer from a premalignant lesion towards a metastatic tumor requires accumulation of mutations in many regulatory genes of the cell. Different chemopreventative approaches have been sought to interfere with initiation and control malignant progression. Here we present research on dietary compounds with evidence of cancer prevention activity that highlights the potential beneficial effect of a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables. The Brassica family of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli is a rich source of glucosinolates, which are metabolized to isothiocyanate compounds. Amongst a number of related variants of isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN) has surfaced as a particularly potent chemopreventive agent based on its ability to target multiple mechanisms within the cell to control carcinogenesis. Anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and modulation of histones are some of the more important and known mechanisms by which SFN exerts chemoprevention. The effect of SFN on cancer stem cells is another area of interest that has been explored in recent years and may contribute to its chemopreventive properties. In this paper, we briefly review structure, pharmacology and preclinical studies highlighting chemopreventive effects of SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sickkids Research Center, Peter Gilgan Centre, 686 Bay St., Rm 15.9714, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Narges Baluch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Richardson Laboratory, Queen's University, 88 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tina S Homayouni
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evgeniya Morgatskaya
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Parandis Kazemi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Herman Yeger
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sickkids Research Center, Peter Gilgan Centre, 686 Bay St., Rm 15.9714, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
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81
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Russo M, Spagnuolo C, Russo GL, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Nrf2 targeting by sulforaphane: A potential therapy for cancer treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1391-1405. [PMID: 28001083 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1259983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, extensive studies have reported the potential chemopreventive activity of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphanin, occurring in large amounts in Brassica genus plants. Sulforaphane was found to be active against several forms of cancer. A growing body of data shows that sulforaphane acts against cancer at different levels, from development to progression, through pleiotropic effects. In this review, we discuss the available experimental and clinical data on the potential therapeutic role of sulforaphane against cancer. Its effects range from the protection of cells from DNA damage to the modulation of the cell cycle via pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastasis activities. At molecular level, sulforaphane modulates cellular homeostasis via the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Although data from clinical studies are limited, sulforaphane remains a good candidate in the adjuvant therapy based on natural molecules against several types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- b Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Maria Daglia
- c Department of Drug Sciences , Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Italy
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- d Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- e Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- e Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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82
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Hassini I, Baenas N, Moreno DA, Carvajal M, Boughanmi N, Martinez Ballesta MDC. Effects of seed priming, salinity and methyl jasmonate treatment on bioactive composition of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (white and red varieties) sprouts. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2291-2299. [PMID: 27625158 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica spp. sprouts are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, especially glucosinolates and phenolic acid derivatives, and the composition of these young germinating seeds can be altered by several external factors. In this study two cabbage varieties (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, red and white) were studied using seed priming (KCl 50 mmol L-1 ; NaCl 150 mmol L-1 ) and MeJA spraying (25 µmol L-1 ) to elicit the phytochemical content of edible sprouts. RESULTS The red variety was richer in glucosinolates and phenolic compounds than the white one but not in mineral nutrients. Seed priming enhanced the potassium (K) content and flavonols in both varieties, while the total content of glucosinolates was reduced after seed priming only in the red variety. The white variety responded better than the red one to KCl seed priming, increasing the flavonols (89%). Salinity did not induce any change in the phytochemical content of these two varieties. Elicitation with sprayed MeJA was effective in significantly increasing the content of indolic glucosinolates glucobrassicin (5.7-fold) and neoglucobrassicin (9.7-fold) in the red cultivar. In the white variety, in addition to glucobrassicin (19.4-fold) and neoglucobrassicin (9.4-fold), 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin (2.3-fold) was also enhanced. MeJA also elicited significant amounts of anthocyanins (41%) and chlorogenic acid derivatives (329%) in the white variety. CONCLUSION KCl seed priming and MeJA elicitation promoted the phytochemical composition of the cabbage varieties, especially in the white variety. The application of NaCl resulted in less efficient elicitation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismahen Hassini
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Plant Nutrition Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Neziha Boughanmi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
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83
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17β-Estradiol enhances sulforaphane cardioprotection against oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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84
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Johnson GS, Li J, Beaver LM, Dashwood WM, Sun D, Rajendran P, Williams DE, Ho E, Dashwood RH. A functional pseudogene, NMRAL2P, is regulated by Nrf2 and serves as a coactivator of NQO1 in sulforaphane-treated colon cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27860235 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The anticancer agent sulforaphane (SFN) acts via multiple mechanisms to modulate gene expression, including the induction of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-dependent signaling and the inhibition of histone deacetylase activity. Transcriptomics studies were performed in SFN-treated human colon cancer cells and in nontransformed colonic epithelial cells in order to pursue new mechanistic leads. METHODS AND RESULTS RNA-sequencing corroborated the expected changes in cancer-related pathways after SFN treatment. In addition to NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and other well-known Nrf2-dependent targets, SFN strongly induced the expression of Loc344887. This noncoding RNA was confirmed as a novel functional pseudogene for NmrA-like redox sensor 1, and was given the name NmrA-like redox sensor 2 pseudogene (NMRAL2P). Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments corroborated the presence of Nrf2 interactions on the NMRAL2P genomic region, and interestingly, NMRAL2P also served as a coregulator of NQO1 in human colon cancer cells. Silencing of NMRAL2P via CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing protected against SFN-mediated inhibition of cancer cell growth, colony formation, and migration. CONCLUSION NMRAL2P is the first functional pseudogene to be identified both as a direct transcriptional target of Nrf2, and as a downstream regulator of Nrf2-dependent NQO1 induction. Further studies are warranted on NMRAL2P-Nrf2 crosstalk and the associated mechanisms of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin S Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - W Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
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85
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Duran CG, Burbank AJ, Mills KH, Duckworth HR, Aleman MM, Kesic MJ, Peden DB, Pan Y, Zhou H, Hernandez ML. A proof-of-concept clinical study examining the NRF2 activator sulforaphane against neutrophilic airway inflammation. Respir Res 2016; 17:89. [PMID: 27450419 PMCID: PMC4957339 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, is implicated as a possible therapy for airway inflammation via induction of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2). In this proof-of-concept clinical study, we show that supplementation of SFN with broccoli sprout homogenate in healthy human subjects did not induce expression of antioxidant genes or protect against neutrophilic airway inflammation in an ozone-exposure model. Therefore, dietary sulforaphane supplementation is not a promising candidate for larger scale clinical trials targeting airway inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01625130 . Registered 19 June, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity G Duran
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Allison J Burbank
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katherine H Mills
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heather R Duckworth
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria M Aleman
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Kesic
- Department of Physical Therapy, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NC, USA
| | - David B Peden
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yinghao Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle L Hernandez
- UNC Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, & Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, UNC School of Medicine, 104 Mason Farm Road, CB #7310, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.
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86
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Bao C, Kim MC, Chen J, Song J, Ko HW, Lee HJ. Sulforaphene Interferes with Human Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion through Inhibition of Hedgehog Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5515-5524. [PMID: 27327035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis by isothiocyanates has been widely studied, little is known about the effects of sulforaphene on invasiveness of breast cancer. Here, sulforaphene significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of triple-negative SUM159 human breast cancer cells and suppressed the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9). The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, as an upstream signaling modulator, was significantly suppressed by sulforaphene. In particular, ciliary localization of Gli1 and its nuclear translocation were blocked by sulforaphene in a time-dependent manner. Consistently, downregulation of Hh signaling by vismodegib and Gli1 knockdown reduced the cellular migration and invasion as well as the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These results indicate that the suppression of Hh/Gli1 signaling by sulforaphene may reduce the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and cellular invasiveness of human breast cancer cells, suggesting the potential efficacy of sulforaphene against breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Bao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, 456-756, South Korea
| | - Min Chae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, 456-756, South Korea
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, 456-756, South Korea
| | - Jieun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul , Goyang, 410-820, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Wan Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul , Goyang, 410-820, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, 456-756, South Korea
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87
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Pierzchalska M, Grabacka M. The potential role of some phytochemicals in recognition of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:24-34. [PMID: 27288721 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the source of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs modulate responses to stress and trauma in animals, influencing the onset of many diseases. Dietary phytochemicals, which target various cellular molecules, are potential modulators of immunological status. In this review the existence of the possible impact of some plant-derived compounds with proven anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties (isothiocyanates and curcumin) on DAMPs recognition is highlighted. Special consideration is given to the mtDNA recognizing Toll-like receptor 9 and formyl peptide receptors. In the context of the phytochemicals action, the role of these receptors in epithelial homeostasis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maja Grabacka
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland
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Sudini K, Diette GB, Breysse PN, McCormack MC, Bull D, Biswal S, Zhai S, Brereton N, Peng RD, Matsui EC. A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Broccoli Sprouts on Antioxidant Gene Expression and Airway Inflammation in Asthmatics. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 4:932-40. [PMID: 27130714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broccoli sprouts (BS) are the richest source of sulforaphane (SFN), which is a potent inducer of phase II enzymes, which play a critical role in preventing oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine if ingestion of whole BS improves airway inflammatory and physiologic outcomes, and OS in adults with asthma and allergic sensitization to an indoor allergen. METHODS The study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to compare the effects of BS with placebo (alfalfa sprouts [AS]) on airway inflammation and markers of OS. Forty adults (aged 18-50 years) were randomized to eat either (a) 100 g of BS daily or (b) 100 g of AS daily for 3 days. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), forced expiratory volume 1, nasal epithelial and PBMC gene expression, inflammatory and OS biomarkers, and symptoms were assessed both before and after ingestion of the sprouts. The primary outcome variable was the change in FENO. Secondary outcome measures included rhinitis and asthma symptoms, lung function, and OS and inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS BS ingestion for 3 consecutive days did not reduce FENO, despite resulting in a marked increase in serum SFN concentrations (21 vs 22 parts per billion, P = .76). Furthermore, BS consumption did not induce cytoprotective antioxidant genes in either PBMCs or nasal epithelial cells, reduce OS and inflammatory markers, or improve lung function. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of whole BS for 3 days does not appear to improve eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation, inflammatory and OS biomarkers, or clinical features of asthma among atopic adults with asthma despite resulting in a marked increase in serum SFN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuladeep Sudini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Gregory B Diette
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Meredith C McCormack
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Deborah Bull
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Shuyan Zhai
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Nga Brereton
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Roger D Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Elizabeth C Matsui
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
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89
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Doss JF, Jonassaint JC, Garrett ME, Ashley-Koch AE, Telen MJ, Chi JT. Phase 1 Study of a Sulforaphane-Containing Broccoli Sprout Homogenate for Sickle Cell Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152895. [PMID: 27071063 PMCID: PMC4829228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited hemoglobinopathy worldwide. Our previous results indicate that the reduced oxidative stress capacity of sickle erythrocytes may be caused by decreased expression of NRF2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2), an oxidative stress regulator. We found that activation of NRF2 with sulforaphane (SFN) in erythroid progenitors significantly increased the expression of NRF2 targets HMOX1, NQO1, and HBG1 (subunit of fetal hemoglobin) in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we hypothesized that NRF2 activation with SFN may offer therapeutic benefits for SCD patients by restoring oxidative capacity and increasing fetal hemoglobin concentration. To test this hypothesis, we performed a Phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study of SFN, contained in a broccoli sprout homogenate (BSH) that naturally contains SFN, in adults with SCD. The primary and secondary study endpoints were safety and physiological response to NRF2 activation, respectively. We found that BSH was well tolerated, and the few adverse events that occurred during the trial were not likely related to BSH consumption. We observed an increase in the mean relative whole blood mRNA levels for the NRF2 target HMOX1 (p = 0.02) on the last day of BSH treatment, compared to pre-treatment. We also observed a trend toward increased mean relative mRNA levels of the NRF2 target HBG1 (p = 0.10) from baseline to end of treatment, but without significant changes in HbF protein. We conclude that BSH, in the provided doses, is safe in stable SCD patients and may induce changes in gene expression levels. We therefore propose investigation of more potent NRF2 inducers, which may elicit more robust physiological changes and offer clinical benefits to SCD patients. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01715480
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Doss
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jude C. Jonassaint
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Melanie E. Garrett
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Allison E. Ashley-Koch
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Marilyn J. Telen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MT); (JC)
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MT); (JC)
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90
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Yu JS, Chen WC, Tseng CK, Lin CK, Hsu YC, Chen YH, Lee JC. Sulforaphane Suppresses Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Up-Regulating Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression through PI3K/Nrf2 Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152236. [PMID: 27023634 PMCID: PMC4811417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection-induced oxidative stress is a major risk factor for the development of HCV-associated liver disease. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an antioxidant phytocompound that acts against cellular oxidative stress and tumorigenesis. However, there is little known about its anti-viral activity. In this study, we demonstrated that SFN significantly suppressed HCV protein and RNA levels in HCV replicon cells and infectious system, with an IC50 value of 5.7 ± 0.2 μM. Moreover, combination of SFN with anti-viral drugs displayed synergistic effects in the suppression of HCV replication. In addition, we found nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/HO-1 induction in response to SFN and determined the signaling pathways involved in this process, including inhibition of NS3 protease activity and induction of IFN response. In contrast, the anti-viral activities were attenuated by knockdown of HO-1 with specific inhibitor (SnPP) and shRNA, suggesting that anti-HCV activity of SFN is dependent on HO-1 expression. Otherwise, SFN stimulated the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) leading Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression against HCV replication. Overall, our results indicated that HO-1 is essential in SFN-mediated anti-HCV activity and provide new insights in the molecular mechanism of SFN in HCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sheng Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chin Hsu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (J-CL); (Y-HC)
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (J-CL); (Y-HC)
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91
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Abbas A, Hall JA, Patterson WL, Ho E, Hsu A, Al-Mulla F, Georgel PT. Sulforaphane modulates telomerase activity via epigenetic regulation in prostate cancer cell lines. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:71-81. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have revealed that diets rich in sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables, are associated with a marked decrease in prostate cancer incidence. The chemo-preventive role of SFN is associated with its histone de-acetylase inhibitor activity. However, the effect of SFN on chromatin composition and dynamic folding, especially in relation to HDAC inhibitor activity, remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that SFN can inhibit the expression and activity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase, in 2 prostate cancer cell lines. This decrease in gene expression is correlated with SFN-induced changes in chromatin structure and composition. The SFN-mediated changes in levels of histone post-translational modifications, more specifically acetylation of histone H3 lysine 18 and di-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4, 2 modifications linked with high risk of prostate cancer recurrence, were associated with regulatory elements within the hTERT promoter region. Chromatin condensation may also play a role in SFN-mediated hTERT repression, since expression and recruitment of MeCP2, a known chromatin compactor, were altered in SFN treated prostate cancer cells. Chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) of MeCP2 showed enrichment over regions of the hTERT promoter with increased nucleosome density. These combined results strongly support a role for SFN in the mediation of epigenetic events leading to the repression of hTERT in prostate cancer cells. This ability of SFN to modify chromatin composition and structure associated with target gene expression provides a new model by which dietary phytochemicals may exert their chemoprevention activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Abbas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Cell Differentiation and Development Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - J. Adam Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Cell Differentiation and Development Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - William L. Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Cell Differentiation and Development Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Oregon State University, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anna Hsu
- Oregon State University, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Kuwait University, Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Pathology Unit, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Philippe T. Georgel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
- Cell Differentiation and Development Center, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
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92
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Kaufman-Szymczyk A, Majewski G, Lubecka-Pietruszewska K, Fabianowska-Majewska K. The Role of Sulforaphane in Epigenetic Mechanisms, Including Interdependence between Histone Modification and DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29732-43. [PMID: 26703571 PMCID: PMC4691138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis as well as cancer progression result from genetic and epigenetic changes of the genome that leads to dysregulation of transcriptional activity of genes. Epigenetic mechanisms in cancer cells comprise (i) post-translation histone modification (i.e., deacetylation and methylation); (ii) DNA global hypomethylation; (iii) promoter hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes and genes important for cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation and apoptosis; and (iv) posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by noncoding microRNA. These epigenetic aberrations can be readily reversible and responsive to both synthetic agents and natural components of diet. A source of one of such diet components are cruciferous vegetables, which contain high levels of a number of glucosinolates and deliver, after enzymatic hydrolysis, sulforaphane and other bioactive isothiocyanates, that are involved in effective up-regulation of transcriptional activity of certain genes and also in restoration of active chromatin structure. Thus a consumption of cruciferous vegetables, treated as a source of isothiocyanates, seems to be potentially useful as an effective cancer preventive factor or as a source of nutrients improving efficacy of standard chemotherapies. In this review an attempt is made to elucidate the role of sulforaphane in regulation of gene promoter activity through a direct down-regulation of histone deacetylase activity and alteration of gene promoter methylation in indirect ways, but the sulforaphane influence on non-coding micro-RNA will not be a subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kaufman-Szymczyk
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Majewski
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Social Sciences in Lodz, 9 Sienkiewicza St., 90-113 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Lubecka-Pietruszewska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Fabianowska-Majewska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
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93
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Atwell LL, Zhang Z, Mori M, Farris P, Vetto JT, Naik AM, Oh KY, Thuillier P, Ho E, Shannon J. Sulforaphane Bioavailability and Chemopreventive Activity in Women Scheduled for Breast Biopsy. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1184-1191. [PMID: 26511489 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest a protective effect of cruciferous vegetables on breast cancer. Sulforaphane (SFN), an active food component derived from crucifers, has been shown to be effective in breast cancer chemoprevention. This study evaluated the chemopreventive effect of SFN on selective biomarkers from blood and breast tissues. In a 2- to 8-week double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 54 women with abnormal mammograms and scheduled for breast biopsy were randomized to consume a placebo or a glucoraphanin (GFN) supplement providing SFN (n = 27). Plasma and urinary SFN metabolites, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and tissue biomarkers (H3K18ac, H3K9ac, HDAC3, HDAC6, Ki-67, p21) were measured before and after the intervention in benign, ductal carcinoma in situ, or invasive ductal carcinoma breast tissues. Within the supplement group, Ki-67 (P = 0.003) and HDAC3 (P = 0.044) levels significantly decreased in benign tissue. Pre-to-postintervention changes in these biomarkers were not significantly different between treatment groups after multiple comparison adjustment. GFN supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in PBMC HDAC activity (P = 0.04). No significant associations were observed between SFN and examined tissue biomarkers when comparing treatment groups. This study provides evidence that GFN supplementation for a few weeks is safe but may not be sufficient for producing changes in breast tissue tumor biomarkers. Future studies employing larger sample sizes should evaluate alternative dosing and duration regimens to inform dietary SFN strategies in breast cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Atwell
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Chico, 400 West 1 Avenue, Chico, CA 95929
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Motomi Mori
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Paige Farris
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
| | - John T Vetto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Arpana M Naik
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Karen Y Oh
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Philippe Thuillier
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239.,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331.,Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, 212 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239
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94
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Sulforaphane Protects against Cardiovascular Disease via Nrf2 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:407580. [PMID: 26583056 PMCID: PMC4637098 DOI: 10.1155/2015/407580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes an unparalleled proportion of the global burden of disease and will remain the main cause of mortality for the near future. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathophysiology of cardiac disorders. Several studies have highlighted the cardinal role played by the overproduction of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of ischemic myocardial damage and consequent cardiac dysfunction. Isothiocyanates (ITC) are sulfur-containing compounds that are broadly distributed among cruciferous vegetables. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an ITC shown to possess anticancer activities by both in vivo and epidemiological studies. Recent data have indicated that the beneficial effects of SFN in CVD are due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. SFN activates NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that serves as a defense mechanism against oxidative stress and electrophilic toxicants by inducing more than a hundred cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidants and phase II detoxifying enzymes. This review will summarize the evidence from clinical studies and animal experiments relating to the potential mechanisms by which SFN modulates Nrf2 activation and protects against CVD.
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95
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Keap1-Nrf2 pathway: A promising target towards lung cancer prevention and therapeutics. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2015; 1:175-186. [PMID: 29063005 PMCID: PMC5643752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Drugs for targeted therapy have become a new strategy of adjuvant therapy for treatment of lung cancer. The Keap1 (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1)–Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathway is recognized to be critical in regulating genes related to the cellular protective response and protecting cells from oxidative damages and toxic insult. Methods Pubmed, Embase, OVID, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from the beginning of each database without any limitations to the date of publication. Search terms were “Nrf2” or “Keap1” and “Lung cancer”. Results The upregulation of Nrf2 had been closely related to tumor protection and drug resistance. The aberrant state of Keap1 or Nrf2 that were frequently found in lung cancer conferred a poor prognosis. Nrf2 could prevent cells from undergoing oncogenesis as a tumor suppressor, while it could also promote cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs as an oncogene, depending on the different stages of tumor progression. Target Nrf2 signaling by specific chemicals showed it could prevent tumor growth or combat chemoresistance. Conclusions Increasing evidence has demonstrated the dual roles of the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway in tumor initiation and progression. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the potency of the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway as an antitumor target, and the current status of Nrf2 activators or inhibitors for therapeutic approaches. Further studies are required to clarify the role of Nrf2 in lung cancer at different tumor stages, in order to maximize the efficacy of Keap1–Nrf2 targeting agents.
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96
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Rajendran P, Dashwood WM, Li L, Kang Y, Kim E, Johnson G, Fischer KA, Löhr CV, Williams DE, Ho E, Yamamoto M, Lieberman DA, Dashwood RH. Nrf2 status affects tumor growth, HDAC3 gene promoter associations, and the response to sulforaphane in the colon. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:102. [PMID: 26388957 PMCID: PMC4575421 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dietary agent sulforaphane (SFN) has been reported to induce nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent pathways as well as inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. The current investigation sought to examine the relationships between Nrf2 status and HDAC expression in preclinical and translational studies. Results Wild type (WT) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2−/+) mice were treated with the colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) followed by 400 ppm SFN in the diet (n = 35 mice/group). WT mice were more susceptible than Nrf2−/+ mice to tumor induction in the colon. Tumors from WT mice had higher HDAC levels globally and locally on genes such as cyclin-dependant kinase inhibitor 2a (Cdkn2a/p16) that were dysregulated during tumor development. The average tumor burden was reduced by SFN from 62.7 to 26.0 mm3 in WT mice and from 14.6 to 11.7 mm3 in Nrf2−/+ mice. The decreased antitumor activity of SFN in Nrf2−/+ mice coincided with attenuated Cdkn2a promoter interactions involving HDAC3. HDAC3 knockdown in human colon cancer cells recapitulated the effects of SFN on p16 induction. Human subjects given a broccoli sprout extract supplement (200 μmol SFN equivalents), or reporting more than five cruciferous vegetable servings per week, had increased p16 expression that was inversely associated with HDAC3 in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in biopsies obtained during screening colonoscopy. Conclusions Nrf2 expression varies widely in both normal human colon and human colon cancers and likely contributes to the overall rate of tumor growth in the large intestine. It remains to be determined whether this influences global HDAC protein expression levels, as well as local HDAC interactions on genes dysregulated during human colon tumor development. If corroborated in future studies, Nrf2 status might serve as a biomarker of HDAC inhibitor efficacy in clinical trials using single agent or combination modalities to slow, halt, or regress the progression to later stages of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0132-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Wan-Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Li Li
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yuki Kang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Eunah Kim
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Gavin Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Kay A Fischer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA ; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA ; College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - David A Lieberman
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX USA ; Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA ; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA ; Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
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97
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Sulforaphane rescues memory dysfunction and synaptic and mitochondrial alterations induced by brain iron accumulation. Neuroscience 2015; 301:542-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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98
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Sensitization of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines to 4-hydroxytamoxifen by isothiocyanates present in cruciferous plants. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1165-80. [PMID: 26014809 PMCID: PMC4819954 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
Tamoxifen has been used for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers and in women who are at an increased risk of breast cancer. Acquired resistance to this drug and its toxicity still pose a clinically significant problem, especially in the prevention setting. Isothiocyanates present in cruciferous plants, such as sulforaphane or erucin, have been shown to reduce growth of breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we explored their ability to sensitize cancer cells to 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Methods
We used three ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, T47D, MCF-7 and BT-474, as well as the drug-resistant T47D and MCF-7 derivatives. We examined the effect of 4-hydroxytamoxifen, isothiocyanates and their combinations on cell viability by MTT and clonogenic assays. Impact of treatments on the levels of proteins engaged in apoptosis and autophagy was determined by Western blotting. Results Isothiocyanates act in a synergistic way with 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and co-treatment reduces breast cancer cell viability and clonogenic potential more effectively than treatment with any single agent. This is connected with a drop in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and the level of survivin as well as increased PARP cleavage, and elevation in ADRP, the mitochondrial stress marker. Moreover, isothiocyanates sensitize 4-hydroxytamoxifen-resistant T47D and MCF-7 cells to the drug. Conclusion Isothiocyanates enhance response to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which allows for reduction of the effective drug concentration. Combinatorial strategy may hold promise in development of therapies and chemoprevention strategies against ER-positive breast tumors, even those with acquired resistance to the drug.
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Ushida Y, Suganuma H, Yanaka A. Low-Dose of the Sulforaphane Precursor Glucoraphanin as a Dietary Supplement Induces Chemoprotective Enzymes in Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2015.617165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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