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Phan L, Chou PC, Velazquez-Torres G, Samudio I, Parreno K, Huang Y, Tseng C, Vu T, Gully C, Su CH, Wang E, Chen J, Choi HH, Fuentes-Mattei E, Shin JH, Shiang C, Grabiner B, Blonska M, Skerl S, Shao Y, Cody D, Delacerda J, Kingsley C, Webb D, Carlock C, Zhou Z, Hsieh YC, Lee J, Elliott A, Ramirez M, Bankson J, Hazle J, Wang Y, Li L, Weng S, Rizk N, Wen YY, Lin X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang A, Xia X, Wu Y, Habra M, Yang W, Pusztai L, Yeung SC, Lee MH. The cell cycle regulator 14-3-3σ opposes and reverses cancer metabolic reprogramming. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7530. [PMID: 26179207 PMCID: PMC4507299 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanism controlling this tumour metabolic shift remains not fully understood. Here we show that 14-3-3σ regulates cancer metabolic reprogramming and protects cells from tumorigenic transformation. 14-3-3σ opposes tumour-promoting metabolic programmes by enhancing c-Myc poly-ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. 14-3-3σ demonstrates the suppressive impact on cancer glycolysis, glutaminolysis, mitochondrial biogenesis and other major metabolic processes of tumours. Importantly, 14-3-3σ expression levels predict overall and recurrence-free survival rates, tumour glucose uptake and metabolic gene expression in breast cancer patients. Thus, these results highlight that 14-3-3σ is an important regulator of tumour metabolism, and loss of 14-3-3σ expression is critical for cancer metabolic reprogramming. We anticipate that pharmacologically elevating the function of 14-3-3σ in tumours could be a promising direction for targeted anticancer metabolism therapy development in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liem Phan
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ping-Chieh Chou
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guermarie Velazquez-Torres
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ismael Samudio
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth Parreno
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yaling Huang
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chieh Tseng
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thuy Vu
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chris Gully
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chun-Hui Su
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edward Wang
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun-Ho Choi
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Shin
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine Shiang
- 1] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian Grabiner
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marzenna Blonska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Skerl
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiping Shao
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dianna Cody
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jorge Delacerda
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Charles Kingsley
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Douglas Webb
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin Carlock
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongguo Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun-Chih Hsieh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Elliott
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marc Ramirez
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jim Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John Hazle
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaofan Weng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nibal Rizk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu Ye Wen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mouhammed Habra
- Department of Endocrinology Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sai-Ching Yeung
- 1] Department of Endocrinology Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. [2] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hou X, Zhang L, Han L, Ge J, Ma R, Zhang X, Moley K, Schedl T, Wang Q. Differing roles of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases during mouse oocyte maturation. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2319-29. [PMID: 25991547 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.167049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) modulate energy homeostasis in multiple tissues and cell types, under various nutrient conditions, through phosphorylation of the α subunit (PDHE1α, also known as PDHA1) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. However, the roles of PDKs in meiotic maturation are currently unknown. Here, by undertaking knockdown and overexpression analysis of PDK paralogs (PDK1-PDK4) in mouse oocytes, we established the site-specificity of PDKs towards the phosphorylation of three serine residues (Ser232, Ser293 and Ser300) on PDHE1α. We found that PDK3-mediated phosphorylation of Ser293-PDHE1α results in disruption of meiotic spindle morphology and chromosome alignment and decreased total ATP levels, probably through inhibition of PDH activity. Unexpectedly, we discovered that PDK1 and PDK2 promote meiotic maturation, as their knockdown disturbs the assembly of the meiotic apparatus, without significantly altering ATP content. Moreover, phosphorylation of Ser232-PDHE1α was demonstrated to mediate PDK1 and PDK2 action in meiotic maturation, possibly through a mechanism that is distinct from PDH inactivation. These findings reveal that there are divergent roles of PDKs during oocyte maturation and indicate a new mechanism controlling meiotic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kelle Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tim Schedl
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Tsuji A, Nakamura T, Shibata K. Biotin-deficient diet induces chromosome misalignment and spindle defects in mouse oocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:292-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.968090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Increased abnormal oocytes due to meiotic chromosome misalignment and spindle defects lead to elevated rates of infertility, miscarriage, and trisomic conceptions. Here, we investigated the effect of biotin deficiency on oocyte quality. Three-week-old female ICR mice were fed a biotin-deficient or control diet (0, 0.004 g biotin/kg diet) for 21 days. On day 22, these mouse oocytes were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Due to biotin, undernutrition increased the frequency of abnormal oocytes (the biotin deficient vs. control: 40 vs. 16%). Next, the remaining mice in the biotin-deficient group were fed a control or biotin-deficient diet from day 22 to 42. Although biotin nutritional status in the recovery group was restored, the frequency of abnormal oocytes in the recovery group was still higher than that in the control group (48 vs. 18%). Our results indicate that steady, sufficient biotin intake is required for the production of high-quality oocytes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tsuji
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Animal Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Katsumi Shibata
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan
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54
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Gu L, Liu H, Gu X, Boots C, Moley KH, Wang Q. Metabolic control of oocyte development: linking maternal nutrition and reproductive outcomes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:251-71. [PMID: 25280482 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic disorders are major health issues worldwide. As the epidemic of metabolic disorders continues, the associated medical co-morbidities, including the detrimental impact on reproduction, increase as well. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of maternal nutrition on reproductive outcomes are likely to be mediated, at least in part, by oocyte metabolism. Well-balanced and timed energy metabolism is critical for optimal development of oocytes. To date, much of our understanding of oocyte metabolism comes from the effects of extrinsic nutrients on oocyte maturation. In contrast, intrinsic regulation of oocyte development by metabolic enzymes, intracellular mediators, and transport systems is less characterized. Specifically, decreased acid transport proteins levels, increased glucose/lipid content and elevated reactive oxygen species in oocytes have been implicated in meiotic defects, organelle dysfunction and epigenetic alteration. Therefore, metabolic disturbances in oocytes may contribute to the diminished reproductive potential experienced by women with metabolic disorders. In-depth research is needed to further explore the underlying mechanisms. This review also discusses several approaches for metabolic analysis. Metabolomic profiling of oocytes, the surrounding granulosa cells, and follicular fluid will uncover the metabolic networks regulating oocyte development, potentially leading to the identification of oocyte quality markers and prevention of reproductive disease and poor outcomes in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China,
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Castro SV, Carvalho AA, Silva CMG, Santos FW, Campello CC, de Figueiredo JR, Rodrigues APR. Frozen and Fresh Ovarian Tissue Require Different Culture Media to Promote in Vitro Development of Bovine Preantral Follicles. Biopreserv Biobank 2014; 12:317-24. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2014.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Vieira Castro
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Adeline Andrade Carvalho
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Cleidson Manoel Gomes Silva
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Francielli Weber Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Cabral Campello
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo de Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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Maruthini D, Harris SE, Barth JH, Balen AH, Campbell BK, Picton HM. The effect of metformin treatment in vivo on acute and long-term energy metabolism and progesterone production in vitro by granulosa cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2302-16. [PMID: 25139174 PMCID: PMC4164147 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathology and metformin-pretreatment in vivo in women with PCOS on the metabolism and steroid production of follicular phenotype- and long-term cultured-granulosa cells (GC)? SUMMARY ANSWER PCOS pathology significantly compromised glucose metabolism and the progesterone synthetic capacity of follicular- and long-term cultured-GCs and the metabolic impact of PCOS on GC function was alleviated by metformin-pretreatment in vivo. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Granulosa cells from women with PCOS have been shown to have an impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and lactate production in vitro. However, these results were obtained by placing GCs in unphysiological conditions in culture medium containing high glucose and insulin concentrations. Moreover, existing data on insulin-responsive steroid production in vitro by PCOS GCs vary. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION Case-control experimental research comparing glucose uptake, pyruvate and lactate production and progesterone production in vitro by GCs from three aetiological groups, all undergoing IVF; healthy control women (Control, n = 12), women with PCOS treated with metformin in vivo (Metformin, n = 8) and women with PCOS not exposed to metformin (PCOS, n = 8). The study was conducted over a period of 3 years between 2007 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Rotterdam criteria were used for the diagnosis of PCOS; all subjects were matched for age, BMI and baseline FSH. Individual patient cultures were undertaken with cells incubated in a validated, physiological, serum-free culture medium containing doses of 0–6 mM glucose and 0–100 ng/ml insulin for 6 h and 144 h to quantify the impact of treatments on acute and long-term metabolism, respectively, and progesterone production. The metabolite content of spent media was measured using spectrophotometric plate reader assay. The progesterone content of spent media was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Viable GC number was quantified after 144 h of culture by the vital dye Neutral Red uptake assay. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Granulosa cells from women with PCOS pathology revealed reduced pyruvate production and preferential lactate production in addition to their reduced glucose uptake during cultures (P < 0.05). Metformin pretreatment alleviated this metabolic lesion (P < 0.05) and enhanced cell proliferation in vitro (P < 0.05), but cells retained a significantly reduced capacity for progesterone synthesis compared with controls (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although significant treatment effects were detected in this small cohort, further studies are required to underpin the molecular mechanisms of the effect of metformin on GCs. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The individual patient culture strategy combined with multifactorial experimental design strengthens the biological interpretation of the data. Collectively, these results support the notion that there is an inherent impairment in progesterone biosynthetic capacity of the GCs from women with PCOS. The positive, acute metabolic effect and the negative long-term steroidogenic effect on GCs following metformin exposure in vivo may have important implications for follicular development and luteinized GC function when the drug is used in clinical practice. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No competing interests. This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council Grant Reference number G0800250.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maruthini
- The Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Seacroft Hospital, York Road, Leeds LS14 6UH, UK
| | - S E Harris
- Division of Reproduction and Early Development, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J H Barth
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
| | - A H Balen
- The Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Seacroft Hospital, York Road, Leeds LS14 6UH, UK
| | - B K Campbell
- Division of Human Development at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - H M Picton
- Division of Reproduction and Early Development, Leeds Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Pereira SL, Rodrigues AS, Sousa MI, Correia M, Perestrelo T, Ramalho-Santos J. From gametogenesis and stem cells to cancer: common metabolic themes. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:924-43. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Makanji Y, Tagler D, Pahnke J, Shea LD, Woodruff TK. Hypoxia-mediated carbohydrate metabolism and transport promote early-stage murine follicle growth and survival. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E893-903. [PMID: 24569591 PMCID: PMC3989738 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00484.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen tension is critical for follicle growth and metabolism, especially for early-stage follicles, where vascularity is limited. Its role and underlying mechanism in the in vitro activation and maturation of immature to ovulatory follicles is largely unknown. In this study, early secondary (110 μm) murine follicles were isolated and encapsulated in alginate hydrogels to replicate the in vivo environment of the growing/maturing follicle. Encapsulated follicles were cultured for 8 days at either 2.5 or 20% O2. Survival (2.6-fold) and growth (1.2-fold) were significantly higher for follicles cultured at 2.5% compared with 20% O2. Using a mouse hypoxia-signaling pathway qRT-PCR array and GeneGo Metacore analysis, we found that direct target genes of the hypoxia-activated HIF1-complex were significantly upregulated in follicles cultured for 8 days at 2.5% compared with 20% O2, including the carbohydrate transport and metabolism genes Slc2a3, Vegfa, Slc2a1, Edn1, Pgk1, Ldha, and Hmox1. Other upregulated genes included carbohydrate transporters (Slc2a1, Slc2a3, and Slc16a3) and enzymes essential for glycolysis (Pgk1, Hmox1, Hk2, Gpi1, Pfkl, Pfkp, Aldoa, Gapdh, Pgam1, Eno1, Pkm2, and Ldha). For follicles cultured at 2.5% O2, a 7.2-fold upregulation of Vegfa correlated to an 18-fold increase in VEGFA levels, and a 3.2-fold upregulation of Ldha correlated to a 4.8-fold increase in lactate levels. Both VEGFA and lactate levels were significantly higher in follicles cultured at 2.5% compared with 20% O2. Therefore, enhanced hypoxia-mediated glycolysis is essential for growth and survival of early secondary follicles and provides vital insights into improving in vitro culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshwar Makanji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and
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Frank LA, Sutton-McDowall ML, Gilchrist RB, Thompson JG. The effect of peri-conception hyperglycaemia and the involvement of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in mediating oocyte and embryo developmental competence. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:391-408. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Frank
- The Robinson Institute, The Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Melanie L. Sutton-McDowall
- The Robinson Institute, The Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Robert B. Gilchrist
- The Robinson Institute, The Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Jeremy G. Thompson
- The Robinson Institute, The Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral S. Mitochondria and mammalian reproduction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 379:74-84. [PMID: 23769709 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles with crucial roles in ATP synthesis, metabolic integration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and management, the regulation of apoptosis (namely via the intrinsic pathway), among many others. Additionally, mitochondria in different organs or cell types may have distinct properties that can decisively influence functional analysis. In terms of the importance of mitochondria in mammalian reproduction, and although there are species-specific differences, these aspects involve both energetic considerations for gametogenesis and fertilization, control of apoptosis to ensure the proper production of viable gametes, and ROS signaling, as well as other emerging aspects. Crucially, mitochondria are the starting point for steroid hormone biosynthesis, given that the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone (a common precursor for all steroid hormones) takes place via the activity of the cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, mitochondrial activity in reproduction has to be considered in accordance with the very distinct strategies for gamete production in the male and female. These include distinct gonad morpho-physiologies, different types of steroids that are more prevalent (testosterone, estrogens, progesterone), and, importantly, the very particular timings of gametogenesis. While spermatogenesis is complete and continuous since puberty, producing a seemingly inexhaustible pool of gametes in a fixed environment; oogenesis involves the episodic production of very few gametes in an environment that changes cyclically. These aspects have always to be taken into account when considering the roles of any common element in mammalian reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Valsangkar D, Downs SM. A requirement for fatty acid oxidation in the hormone-induced meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:43. [PMID: 23863407 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is required for AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKA)-induced maturation in vitro. In the present study, we have further investigated the role of this metabolic pathway in hormone-induced meiotic maturation. Incorporating an assay with (3)H-palmitic acid as the substrate, we first examined the effect of PRKA activators on FAO levels. There was a significant stimulation of FAO in cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEO) treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and RSVA405. In denuded oocytes (DO), AICAR stimulated FAO only in the presence of carnitine, the molecule that facilitates fatty acyl CoA entry into the mitochondria. The carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 activator C75 successfully stimulated FAO in CEO. All three of these activators trigger germinal vesicle breakdown. Meiotic resumption induced by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or amphiregulin was completely inhibited by the FAO inhibitors etomoxir, mercaptoacetate, and malonyl CoA. Importantly, FAO was increased in CEO stimulated by FSH and epidermal growth factor, and this increase was blocked by FAO inhibitors. Moreover, compound C, a PRKA inhibitor, prevented the FSH-induced increase in FAO. Both carnitine and palmitic acid augmented hormonal induction of maturation. In a more physiological setting, etomoxir eliminated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced maturation in follicle-enclosed oocytes. In addition, CEO and DO from hCG-treated mice displayed an etomoxir-sensitive increase in FAO, indicating that this pathway was stimulated during in vivo meiotic resumption. Taken together, our data indicate that hormone-induced maturation in mice requires a PRKA-dependent increase in FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Valsangkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, USA
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Cotterill M, Harris SE, Collado Fernandez E, Lu J, Huntriss JD, Campbell BK, Picton HM. The activity and copy number of mitochondrial DNA in ovine oocytes throughout oogenesis in vivo and during oocyte maturation in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:444-50. [PMID: 23468533 PMCID: PMC3690804 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are responsible for the production of ATP, which drives cellular metabolic and biosynthetic processes. This is the first study to quantify the mtDNA copy number across all stages of oogenesis in a large monovulatory species, it includes assessment of the activity of mitochondria in germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase II (MII) oocytes through JC1 staining. Primordial to early antral follicles (n = 249) were isolated from the sheep ovarian cortex following digestion at 37°C for 1 h and all oocytes were disaggregated from their somatic cells. Germinal vesicle oocytes (n = 133) were aspirated from 3- to 5-mm diameter antral follicles, and mature MII oocytes (n = 71) were generated following in vitro maturation (IVM). The mtDNA copy number in each oocyte was quantified using real-time PCR and showed a progressive, but variable increase in the amount of mtDNA in oocytes from primordial follicles (605 ± 205, n = 8) to mature MII oocytes (744 633 ± 115 799, n = 13; P < 0.05). Mitochondrial activity (P > 0.05) was not altered during meiotic progression from GV to MII during IVM. The observed increase in the mtDNA copy number across oogenesis reflects the changing ATP demands needed to orchestrate cytoskeletal and cytoplasmic reorganization during oocyte growth and maturation and the need to fuel the resumption of meiosis in mature oocytes following the pre-ovulatory gonadotrophin surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cotterill
- Division of Reproduction and Early Development, Leeds Institute of Genetics Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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McRae C, Sharma V, Fisher J. Metabolite Profiling in the Pursuit of Biomarkers for IVF Outcome: The Case for Metabolomics Studies. Int J Reprod Med 2013; 2013:603167. [PMID: 25763388 PMCID: PMC4334075 DOI: 10.1155/2013/603167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. This paper presents the literature on biomarkers of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) outcome, demonstrating the progression of these studies towards metabolite profiling, specifically metabolomics. The need for more, and improved, metabolomics studies in the field of assisted conception is discussed. Methods. Searches were performed on ISI Web of Knowledge SM for literature associated with biomarkers of oocyte and embryo quality, and biomarkers of IVF outcome in embryo culture medium, follicular fluid (FF), and blood plasma in female mammals. Results. Metabolomics in the field of female reproduction is still in its infancy. Metabolomics investigations of embryo culture medium for embryo selection have been the most common, but only within the last five years. Only in 2012 has the first metabolomics investigation of FF for biomarkers of oocyte quality been reported. The only metabolomics studies of human blood plasma in this context have been aimed at identifying women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Conclusions. Metabolomics is becoming more established in the field of assisted conception, but the studies performed so far have been preliminary and not all potential applications have yet been explored. With further improved metabolomics studies, the possibility of identifying a method for predicting IVF outcome may become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. McRae
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - V. Sharma
- The Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Seacroft Hospital, Leeds LS14 6UH, UK
| | - J. Fisher
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Evron A, Goldman S, Shalev E. Human amniotic epithelial cells differentiate into cells expressing germ cell specific markers when cultured in medium containing serum substitute supplement. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:108. [PMID: 23241213 PMCID: PMC3599708 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) maintain the plasticity of pregastrulation embryonic cells, having the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers. The potential of these cells to differentiate into cells expressing germ cell specific markers has never been described before. METHODS In the present study, hAECs were cultured in medium containing serum substitute supplement (SSS). Gene and protein expression of germ cell and oocyte specific markers was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence staining and flow activated cell sorter analysis (FACS) in hAECs at different time points during the differentiation into cells expressing germ cell specific markers. RESULTS When cultured with SSS, already at passage 1, hAECs start to express the germ cell specific genes C-KIT, DAZL, VASA and ZP3 and at passage 5 large round cells, resembling oocytes, appeared. The cells express the germ cell specific marker DAZL, the oocyte specific markers GDF9 and ZP3 and the meiosis specific markers DMC1 and SCP3 at the protein level. CONCLUSIONS From our preliminary results we can conclude that hAECs have the potential to differentiate into cells expressing germ cell specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Evron
- Laboratory for Research in Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomit Goldman
- Laboratory for Research in Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Eliezer Shalev
- Laboratory for Research in Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Blood cell mitochondrial DNA content and premature ovarian aging. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42423. [PMID: 22879975 PMCID: PMC3411770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a critical fertility defect characterized by an anticipated and silent impairment of the follicular reserve, but its pathogenesis is largely unexplained. The frequent maternal inheritance of POI together with a remarkable dependence of ovarian folliculogenesis upon mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics suggested the possible involvement of a generalized mitochondrial defect. Here, we verified the existence of a significant correlation between blood and ovarian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in a group of women undergoing ovarian hyperstimulation (OH), and then aimed to verify whether mtDNA content was significantly altered in the blood cells of POI women. We recruited 101 women with an impaired ovarian reserve: 59 women with premature ovarian failure (POF) and 42 poor responders (PR) to OH. A Taqman copy number assay revealed a significant mtDNA depletion (P<0.001) in both POF and PR women in comparison with 43 women of similar age and intact ovarian reserve, or 53 very old women with a previous physiological menopause. No pathogenic variations in the mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (POLG) gene were detected in 57 POF or PR women with low blood mtDNA content. In conclusion, blood cell mtDNA depletion is a frequent finding among women with premature ovarian aging, suggesting that a still undetermined but generalized mitochondrial defect may frequently predispose to POI which could then be considered a form of anticipated aging in which the ovarian defect may represent the first manifestation. The determination of mtDNA content in blood may become an useful tool for the POI risk prediction.
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Purcell SH, Chi MM, Lanzendorf S, Moley KH. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake occurs in specialized cells within the cumulus oocyte complex. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2444-54. [PMID: 22408172 PMCID: PMC3339650 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The oocyte exists within the mammalian follicle surrounded by somatic cumulus cells. These cumulus cells metabolize the majority of the glucose within the cumulus oocyte complex and provide energy substrates and intermediates such as pyruvate to the oocyte. The insulin receptor is present in cumulus cells and oocytes; however, it is unknown whether insulin-stimulated glucose uptake occurs in either cell type. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is thought to be unique to adipocytes, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and the blastocyst. Here, we show for the first time that many of the components required for insulin signaling are present in both cumulus cells and oocytes. We performed a set of experiments on mouse cumulus cells and oocytes and human cumulus cells using the nonmetabolizable glucose analog 2-deoxy-d-glucose to measure basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. We show that insulin-stimulated glucose uptake occurs in both compact and expanded cumulus cells of mice, as well as in human cumulus cells. Oocytes, however, do not display insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in cumulus cells is mediated through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling as shown by inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation with the specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002. To test the effect of systemic in vivo insulin resistance on insulin sensitivity in the cumulus cell, cumulus cells from high fat-fed, insulin-resistant mice and women with polycystic ovary syndrome were examined. Both sets of cells displayed blunted insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Our studies identify another tissue that, through a classical insulin-signaling pathway, demonstrates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Moreover, these findings suggest insulin resistance occurs in these cells under conditions of systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Purcell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Purcell SH, Moley KH. The impact of obesity on egg quality. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:517-24. [PMID: 21625966 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in women is a concern in many countries. This causes numerous health issues; however, this review focuses on the impact of obesity on women's reproduction, and in particular the oocyte. Data from infertility clinics and experimental animal models that address the effects of obesity are presented. Bidirectional communication and metabolic support from the surrounding cumulus cells are critical for oocyte development, and the impact of obesity on these cells is also addressed. Both oocyte maturation and metabolism are impaired due to obesity, negatively impacting further development. In addition to reproductive hormones, obesity induced elevations in insulin, glucose, or free fatty acids, and changes in adipokines appear to impact the developmental competence of the oocyte. The data indicate that any one of these hormones or metabolites can impair oocyte developmental competence in vivo, and the combination of all of these factors and their interactions are the subject of ongoing investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Purcell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Eichenlaub-Ritter U, Wieczorek M, Lüke S, Seidel T. Age related changes in mitochondrial function and new approaches to study redox regulation in mammalian oocytes in response to age or maturation conditions. Mitochondrion 2010; 11:783-96. [PMID: 20817047 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are long-lived cells in the human body. They initiate meiosis already in the embryonic ovary, arrest meiotically for long periods in dictyate stage, and resume meiosis only after extensive growth and a surge of luteinizing hormone which mediates signaling events that overcome meiotic arrest. Few mitochondria are initially present in the primordial germ cells while there are mitogenesis and structural and functional differentiation and stage-specific formation of functionally diverse domains of mitochondria during oogenesis. Mitochondria are most prominent cell organelles in oocytes and their activities appear essential for normal spindle formation and chromosome segregation, and they are one of the most important maternal contributions to early embryogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria are discussed as major factor in predisposition to chromosomal nondisjunction during first and second meiotic division and mitotic errors in embryos, and in reduced quality and developmental potential of aged oocytes and embryos. Several lines of evidence suggest that damage by oxidative stress/reactive oxygen species in dependence of age, altered antioxidative defence and/or altered environment and bi-directional signaling between oocyte and the somatic cells in the follicle contribute to reduced quality of oocytes and blocked or aberrant development of embryos after fertilization. The review provides an overview of mitogenesis during oogenesis and some recent data on oxidative defence systems in mammalian oocytes, and on age-related changes as well as novel approaches to study redox regulation in mitochondria and ooplasm. The latter may provide new insights into age-, environment- and cryopreservation-induced stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Eichenlaub-Ritter
- University of Bielefeld, Faculty of Biology, Gene Technology/Microbiology, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Smitz J, Dolmans MM, Donnez J, Fortune JE, Hovatta O, Jewgenow K, Picton HM, Plancha C, Shea LD, Stouffer RL, Telfer EE, Woodruff TK, Zelinski MB. Current achievements and future research directions in ovarian tissue culture, in vitro follicle development and transplantation: implications for fertility preservation. Hum Reprod Update 2010; 16:395-414. [PMID: 20124287 PMCID: PMC2880913 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmp056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female cancer patients are offered 'banking' of gametes before starting fertility-threatening cancer therapy. Transplants of fresh and frozen ovarian tissue between healthy fertile and infertile women have demonstrated the utility of the tissue banked for restoration of endocrine and fertility function. Additional methods, like follicle culture and isolated follicle transplantation, are in development. METHODS Specialist reproductive medicine scientists and clinicians with complementary expertise in ovarian tissue culture and transplantation presented relevant published literature in their field of expertise and also unpublished promising data for discussion. As the major aims were to identify the current gaps prohibiting advancement, to share technical experience and to orient new research, contributors were allowed to provide their opinioned expert views on future research. RESULTS Normal healthy children have been born in cancer survivors after orthotopic transplantation of their cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Longevity of the graft might be optimized by using new vitrification techniques and by promoting rapid revascularization of the graft. For the in vitro culture of follicles, a successive battery of culture methods including the use of defined media, growth factors and three-dimensional extracellular matrix support might overcome growth arrest of the follicles. Molecular methods and immunoassay can evaluate stage of maturation and guide adequate differentiation. Large animals, including non-human primates, are essential working models. CONCLUSIONS Experiments on ovarian tissue from non-human primate models and from consenting fertile and infertile patients benefit from a multidisciplinary approach. The new discipline of oncofertility requires professionalization, multidisciplinarity and mobilization of funding for basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smitz
- Follicle Biology Laboratory, Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Pelican KM, Spindler RE, Pukazhenthi BS, Wildt DE, Ottinger MA, Howard J. Progestin exposure before gonadotropin stimulation improves embryo development after in vitro fertilization in the domestic cat. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:558-67. [PMID: 20463355 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.083360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of progestin priming and ovarian quiescence on response to exogenous gonadotropin stimulation in the cat. Because a subpopulation of cats routinely ovulated spontaneously, there also was the opportunity to examine the ovary's reaction to the added impact of endogenously secreted progestagen. Queens were given 1) equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) plus human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) only (control; n = 9 cats), 2) GnRH antagonist (antide) injections followed by eCG and hCG (n = 9), and 3) a progestin implant (levonorgestrel) followed by eCG and hCG (n = 9). Laparoscopy was used to assess ovarian activity and aspirate follicular oocytes that were graded on the basis of morphology. In five cats per treatment, half of the high-quality oocytes were assessed for glucose, pyruvate, and lactate metabolism as well as nuclear maturation. Remaining oocytes were inseminated in vitro, cultured, and examined at 72 h after insemination for cleavage. In the remaining four cats per treatment, all oocytes were inseminated in vitro and assessed at 72, 120, and 168 h after insemination for embryo developmental stage. Cats pretreated with progestin had more follicles and produced more embryos per donor (including at the combined morula/blastocyst stage) than controls or females treated with GnRH antagonist (P < 0.05). There were no differences among groups (P > 0.05) in oocyte carbohydrate metabolism, nuclear maturation metrics, or fertilization success, although there was a tendency toward improvements in all three (P < 0.2) in progestin-treated females. Interestingly, cats that spontaneously ovulated within 60 days of treatment onset also produced more embryos per cat than induced-ovulation counterparts (P < 0.05). Results indicate that prior exposure to exogenous progestin (via implant) or endogenous progestagen (via spontaneous ovulation) improves ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropins in the cat through a mechanism that is independent of the induction of ovarian quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Pelican
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, Virginia, USA.
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Abstract
Oocytes play a pivotal role in the cycle of human life. As we discuss here, after emerging from germline stem cells in the fetus, they grow in a follicular niche in which development is harmonized for timely ovulation and hormone secretion after puberty. Most human oocytes have poor developmental competence and are peculiarly vulnerable to chromosomal malsegregation, especially as women pass the optimal years of fertility and may begin to turn to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and egg donation. Research needs to focus on the molecular factors involved and the environmental niche required for optimal development of oocytes, with the aim of increasing their numbers and quality for ARTs, since these are the factors that so often limit human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gosden
- Ronald O. Perelman & Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine & Infertility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1305 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Sutton-McDowall ML, Gilchrist RB, Thompson JG. The pivotal role of glucose metabolism in determining oocyte developmental competence. Reproduction 2010; 139:685-95. [PMID: 20089664 DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The environment that the cumulus oocyte complex (COC) is exposed to during either in vivo or in vitro maturation (IVM) can have profound effects on the success of fertilisation and subsequent embryo development. Glucose is a pivotal metabolite for the COC and is metabolised by glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and the polyol pathway. Over the course of oocyte maturation, a large proportion of total glucose is metabolised via the glycolytic pathway to provide substrates such as pyruvate for energy production. Glucose is also the substrate for many cellular functions during oocyte maturation, including regulation of nuclear maturation and redox state via the PPP and for the synthesis of substrates of extracellular matrices (cumulus expansion) and O-linked glycosylation (cell signalling) via the HBP. However, the oocyte is susceptible to glucose concentration-dependent perturbations in nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, leading to poor embryonic development post-fertilisation. For example, glucose concentrations either too high or too low result in precocious resumption of nuclear maturation. This review will discuss the relevant pathways of glucose metabolism by COCs during in vivo maturation and IVM, including the relative contribution of the somatic and gamete compartments of the COC to glucose metabolism. The consequences of exposing COCs to abnormal glucose concentrations will also be examined, either during IVM or by altered maternal environments, such as during hyperglycaemia induced by diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Sutton-McDowall
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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Purcell SH, Moley KH. Glucose transporters in gametes and preimplantation embryos. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2009; 20:483-9. [PMID: 19811929 PMCID: PMC6175277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The oocyte, sperm and preimplantation embryo have unique metabolic needs that must be met to ensure successful pregnancy. The family of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) plays a major role in providing metabolic substrates to these tissues. The variety of GLUTs expressed in these tissues allows for flexibility to adapt to a changing environment. Alterations in glucose transport and metabolism at the earliest stages of development can impact fetal development. Research into the mechanisms of normal glucose transport into cells is critical for improving outcomes in the increasingly common diabetic maternal environment. Here, we review the current understanding in the distribution and role of glucose transporters in gametes and preimplantation embryos under normal and diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Purcell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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