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Napagoda M, Gerstmeier J, Koeberle A, Wesely S, Popella S, Lorenz S, Scheubert K, Böcker S, Svatoš A, Werz O. Munronia pinnata (Wall.) Theob.: unveiling phytochemistry and dual inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:882-890. [PMID: 24315851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Preparations from Munronia pinnata (Wall.) Theob. are extensively used in traditional medicine in Sri Lanka for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. However, neither the pharmacological features nor the phytochemistry of this plant are explored in order to understand and rationalize the reported ethnobotanical significance. As 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 are crucial enzymes in inflammatory disorders, we evaluated their inhibition by M. pinnata extracts and studied the chemical profile of the plant for the identification of relevant constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell-free and cell-based assays were employed in order to investigate the suppression of 5-LO and mPGES-1 activity. Cell viability, radical scavenger activities, and inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation (ROS) in neutrophils were studied to assess cytotoxic and antioxidant effects. Gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric analysis enabled the characterization of secondary metabolites. RESULTS The n-hexane extract of M. pinnata efficiently suppressed 5-LO activity in stimulated human neutrophils (IC50 =8.7µg/ml) and potently inhibited isolated human recombinant 5-LO (IC50 =0.48µg/ml) and mPGES-1 (IC50 =1.0µg/ml). In contrast, no significant radical scavenging activity or suppression of ROS formation was observed, and neutrophil viability was unaffected. The phytochemistry of the plant was unveiled for the first time and phytosterols, fatty acids, sesquiterpenes and several other types of secondary metabolites were identified. CONCLUSIONS Together, potent inhibition of 5-LO and mPGES-1 activity, without concomitant antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects, rationalizes the ethnopharmacological use of M. pinnata as anti-inflammatory remedy. Detailed chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis reveals discrete chemical structures of relevant constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Napagoda
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Wesely
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Popella
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sybille Lorenz
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Scheubert
- Chair for Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Böcker
- Chair for Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Napagoda M, Gerstmeier J, Wesely S, Popella S, Lorenz S, Scheubert K, Svatoš A, Werz O. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase as anti-inflammatory mode of action of Plectranthus zeylanicus Benth and chemical characterization of ingredients by a mass spectrometric approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:800-9. [PMID: 24291172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The perennial herb Plectranthus zeylanicus Benth is extensively used in traditional medicine in Sri Lanka and South India for treating inflammatory conditions, but pharmacological features of Plectranthus zeylanicus are hardly explored in order to understand and rationalize its use in ethnomedicine. As 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is a key enzyme in inflammatory disorders such as asthma or atherosclerosis, we investigated 5-LO inhibition by Plectranthus zeylanicus extracts and analyzed relevant constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied cell-free and cell-based assays to investigate suppression of 5-LO activity. Cell viability, radical scavenger activities, and inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation (ROS) in neutrophils were analysed to exclude unspecific cytotoxic or antioxidant effects. Constituents of the extracts were characterized by bioassay-guided fractionation and by analysis using gas or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric (Orbitrap) analysis. RESULTS Extracts of Plectranthus zeylanicus prepared with n-hexane or dichloromethane potently suppressed 5-LO activity in stimulated human neutrophils (IC50=6.6 and 12µg/ml, respectively) and inhibited isolated human recombinant 5-LO (IC50=0.7 and 1.2µg/ml, respectively). In contrast, no significant radical scavenging activity or suppression of ROS formation was observed, and neutrophil viability was unaffected. Besides ubiquitously occurring ingredients, coleone P, cinncassiol A and C, and callistric acid were identified as constituents in the most active fraction. CONCLUSIONS Together, potent inhibition of 5-LO activity, without concomitant anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxic effects, rationalizes the ethnopharmacological use of Plectranthus zeylanicus as anti-inflammatory remedy. Modern chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis reveals discrete chemical structures of relevant constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Napagoda
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Wesely
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Popella
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sybille Lorenz
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Scheubert
- Chair for Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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Kurihara H, Kagawa Y, Konno R, Kim SM, Takahashi K. Lipoxygenase inhibitors derived from marine macroalgae. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1383-5. [PMID: 24495846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The solvent extracts from the algae Sargassum thunbergii (Sargassaceae) and Odonthalia corymbifera (Rhodomelaceae) were subjected to soybean lipoxygenase inhibitory screening. Two hydrophobic inhibitors were obtained from the extracts of S. thunbergii through inhibitory assay-guided fractionation. The inhibitors were identified as known exo-methylenic alkapolyenes (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,6,9,12,15-henicosapentaene (1) and (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-1,6,9,12,15,18-henicosahexaene (2). The alkapolyenes 1 and 2 showed higher inhibitory activity than the known inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). Pheophytin a (3) was obtained from the extract of O. corymbifera. The inhibitor 3 also showed higher inhibitory activity than NDGA. This is the first report on lipoxygenase inhibition of exo-methylenic alkapolyenes and a chlorophyll a-related substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Kurihara
- Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Kagawa
- Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Remi Konno
- Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Sang Moo Kim
- Department of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Koretaro Takahashi
- Faculty and Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
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Vidal PJ, López-Nicolás JM, Gandía-Herrero F, García-Carmona F. Inactivation of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase by natural betalains and semi-synthetic analogues. Food Chem 2014; 154:246-54. [PMID: 24518339 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Betalains are natural pigments characteristic of plants of the order Caryophyllales. In this work, the role of betalains in the anti-inflammatory activity described for plant extracts is analysed in terms of the inactivation of the enzymes involved in the biochemical response (lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase). Pure natural betalains and semi-synthetic analogues are demonstrated to promote a significant reduction of the enzymes activity. Reactions were followed spectrophotometrically and by HPLC-DAD. Phenethylamine-betaxanthin was the most potent in the inactivation of cyclooxygenase, with a reduction of 32% of the control activity at 125μM, while the natural pigment betanidin and a betalain analogue derived from indoline resulted as the most potent inactivators of lipoxygenase, with IC50 values of 41.4 and 40.1μM, respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed that betalains interact with the lipoxygenase amino acids involved in substrate binding and with Tyr-385 and Ser-530 close to the cyclooxygenase active site, interfering in enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Vidal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Murcia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Murcia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco García-Carmona
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Murcia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
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Bader A, Giner RM, Martini F, Schinella GR, Ríos JL, Braca A, Prieto JM. Modulation of COX, LOX and NFκB activities by Xanthium spinosum L. root extract and ziniolide. Fitoterapia 2013; 91:284-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Macková A, Mučaji P, Widowitz U, Bauer R. In vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ligustrum vulgare Extracts and Their Analytical Characterization. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in the anti-inflammatory effects of Ligustrum vulgare L., which has been used traditionally in China and Japan prompted us to determine anti-inflammatory effects of the plant's compounds in leukocytes. The leaves of L. vulgare were used to prepare a decoction which was successively extracted with organic solvents (dichloromethane (DCM), n-butanol, ethyl acetate) using liquid-liquid partition. Extracts were tested for inhibition of LTB4, resp. PGE2 biosynthesis. Each extract was evaluated for its in vitro cyclooxygenase-1/2 (COX-1/2) inhibitory activity using assays with purified COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, as well as for their LTB4 formation inhibitory activity using an assay with activated human neutrophil granulocytes. All extracts reported inhibitory actions against COXs in comparison with the synthetic inhibitors NS-398 (IC50 = 2.6 μM) and indomethacin (IC50 = 0.9 μM). The dichloromethane extract of privet leaves showed a considerable inhibitory effect against COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme activity. The DCM extract revealed 2.7 times higher inhibitory activity against LTB4 formation in comparison with the known specific LT inhibitor zileuton (IC50 = 5.0 μM). Additionally, oleuropein and echinacoside were detected by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS in the Ligustrum vulgare leaves. Both compounds exhibited weak inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenases and leukotriene formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Macková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ute Widowitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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57
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Oettl SK, Gerstmeier J, Khan SY, Wiechmann K, Bauer J, Atanasov AG, Malainer C, Awad EM, Uhrin P, Heiss EH, Waltenberger B, Remias D, Breuss JM, Boustie J, Dirsch VM, Stuppner H, Werz O, Rollinger JM. Imbricaric acid and perlatolic acid: multi-targeting anti-inflammatory depsides from Cetrelia monachorum. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76929. [PMID: 24130812 PMCID: PMC3793931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro screening of 17 Alpine lichen species for their inhibitory activity against 5-lipoxygenase, microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 and nuclear factor kappa B revealed Cetrelia monachorum (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. As conceivable source for novel anti-inflammatory compounds. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic crude extract resulted in the isolation and identification of 11 constituents, belonging to depsides and derivatives of orsellinic acid, olivetolic acid and olivetol. The two depsides imbricaric acid (4) and perlatolic acid (5) approved dual inhibitory activities on microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (IC50 = 1.9 and 0.4 µM, resp.) and on 5-lipoxygenase tested in a cell-based assay (IC50 = 5.3 and 1.8 µM, resp.) and on purified enzyme (IC50 = 3.5 and 0.4 µM, resp.). Additionally, these two main constituents quantified in the extract with 15.22% (4) and 9.10% (5) showed significant inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation in luciferase reporter cells with IC50 values of 2.0 and 7.0 µM, respectively. In a murine in vivo model of inflammation, 5 impaired the inflammatory, thioglycollate-induced recruitment of leukocytes to the peritoneum. The potent inhibitory effects on the three identified targets attest 4 and 5 a pronounced multi-target anti-inflammatory profile which warrants further investigation on their pharmacokinetics and in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Oettl
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jana Gerstmeier
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Shafaat Y. Khan
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Biomolecular Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Wiechmann
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Clemens Malainer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ezzat M. Awad
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Biomolecular Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Biomolecular Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Remias
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M. Breuss
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Biomolecular Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joel Boustie
- Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes, Team PNSCM, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Werz
- Chair of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail: (JR); (OW)
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail: (JR); (OW)
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Landa P, Kutil Z, Temml V, Malik J, Kokoska L, Widowitz U, Pribylova M, Dvorakova M, Marsik P, Schuster D, Bauer R, Vanek T. Inhibition of In Vitro Leukotriene B4 Biosynthesis in Human Neutrophil Granulocytes and Docking Studies of Natural Quinones. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinones are compounds frequently contained in medicinal plants used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the impact of plant-derived quinones on the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway is worthy of investigation. In this study, twenty-three quinone compounds of plant origin were tested in vitro for their potential to inhibit leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis in activated human neutrophil granulocytes with 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity. The benzoquinones primin (3) and thymohydroquinone (4) (IC50 = 4.0 and 4.1 μM, respectively) showed activity comparable with the reference inhibitor zileuton (IC50 = 4.1 μM). Moderate activity was observed for the benzoquinone thymoquinone (2) (IC50 = 18.2 μM) and the naphthoquinone shikonin (1) (IC50 = 24.3 μM). The anthraquinone emodin and the naphthoquinone plumbagin (5) displayed only weak activities (IC50 > 50 μM). The binding modes of the active compounds were further evaluated in silico by molecular docking to the human 5-LOX crystal structure. This process supports the biological data and suggested that, although the redox potential is responsible for the quinone's activity on multiple targets, in the case of 5-LOX the molecular structure plays a vital role in the inhibition. The obtained results suggest primin as a promising compound for the development of dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Zsofia Kutil
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Temml
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Malik
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, The Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, The Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ute Widowitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marie Pribylova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Dvorakova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsik
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
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Herrmann F, Sporer F, Tahrani A, Wink M. Antitrypanosomal properties of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer: new possibilities for a remarkable traditional drug. Phytother Res 2012; 27:86-98. [PMID: 22473703 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis is still a major health problem in many sub-Saharan countries in Africa. We investigated the effects of three preparations of Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, isolated ginsenosides, and the polyacetylene panaxynol on Trypanosoma brucei brucei and the human cancer cell line HeLa. Hexane extracts and the pure panaxynol were toxic and at the same time highly selective against T. b. brucei, whereas methanol extracts and 12 isolated ginsenosides were significantly less toxic and showed only weak selectivity. Panaxynol was cytotoxic against T. b. brucei at the concentration of 0.01 µg/mL with a selectivity index of 858, superior even to established antitrypanosomal drugs. We suggest that the inhibition of trypanothione reductase, which is only found in trypanosomes, might explain the observed selectivity. The high selectivity together with a cytotoxic concentration in the range of the bioavailability makes panaxynol and other polyacetylenes in general very promising lead compounds for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Herrmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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Detsi A, Majdalani M, Kontogiorgis CA, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Kefalas P. Natural and synthetic 2'-hydroxy-chalcones and aurones: synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant and soybean lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:8073-85. [PMID: 19853459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2'-hydroxy-chalcones and their oxidative cyclization products, aurones, have been synthesized and tested for their antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. The natural product aureusidin (31) was synthesized in high yield by a new approach. An extensive structure-relationship study was performed and revealed that several chalcones and aurones possess an appealing pharmacological profile combining high antioxidant and lipid peroxidation activity with potent soybean LOX inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Detsi
- National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Zografou Campus, 15773 Athens, Greece.
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Gautam R, Jachak SM. Recent developments in anti-inflammatory natural products. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:767-820. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rodríguez G, Lama A, Trujillo M, Espartero JL, Fernández-Bolaños J. Isolation of a powerful antioxidant from Olea europaea fruit-mill waste: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
This review, containing over 276 references, covers the progress made in the chemistry and bioactivity of this important group of triterpenoids. Though initially known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities through a unique 5-LO inhibition mechanism, boswellic acids have recently attained significance due to their anti-cancer properties. The phytochemistry and chemical modifications, including mechanism of action, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhahwal Ali Shah
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
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Prior RM, Lundgaard NH, Light ME, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Jäger AK. The polyacetylene falcarindiol with COX-1 activity isolated from Aegopodium podagraria L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 113:176-8. [PMID: 17574359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of Aegopodium podagraria L. were screened in vitro for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitory activity. The isolation of the active compound falcarindiol was achieved by bioassay-guided fractionation. The identification of the active compound was confirmed by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. The IC(50)-value of falcarindiol was 0.3 microM in the COX-1 assay. A quantitative determination of the seasonal variation in the content of falcarindiol in different plant parts was carried out by HPLC analysis. The flowers from Aegopodium podagraria collected in June 2006 had the highest concentration of falcarindiol (88 mg/g plant material).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke M Prior
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
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Zhang X, Nguyen D, Paice MG, Tsang A, Renaud S. Degradation of wood extractives in thermo-mechanical pulp by soybean lipoxygenase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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67
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Frum Y, Viljoen AM. In vitro 5-lipoxygenase and anti-oxidant activities of South African medicinal plants commonly used topically for skin diseases. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 19:329-35. [PMID: 16931900 DOI: 10.1159/000095253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An investigation was undertaken to determine the possible mechanisms of action of medicinal plants used for dermatological pathologies. A total of 14 plant species were selected from the readily available ethnobotanical literature. 5-Lipoxygenase and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays were used to determine the anti-inflammatory activity and the anti-oxidant activity of selected medicinal plants, respectively. Both aqueous and methanol extracts were tested. Among the plants screened, four species (Croton sylvaticus, Warburgia salutaris, Pentanisia prunelloides, and Melianthus comosus) displayed promising 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with IC(50) values <61 ppm. A large number of plants exhibited significant anti-oxidant activities with IC(50) values between 5.27 and 83.36 ppm. Aqueous extracts of M. comosus exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Frum
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Banerjee S. Inhibition of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) muscle lipoxygenase by green tea polyphenols. Food Res Int 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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69
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Pommery N, Massingham R, Hénichart JP. 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors – patent and literature activity during 2001 – 2004. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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70
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Schneider I, Bucar F. Lipoxygenase inhibitors from natural plant sources. Part 2: medicinal plants with inhibitory activity on arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 15-lipoxygenase and leukotriene receptor antagonists. Phytother Res 2005; 19:263-72. [PMID: 16041764 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of arachidonic acid can be catalysed by either one of two enzyme families: the cyclooxygenases or the lipoxygenases. The lipoxygenase enzymes are classed into several subcategories including 5-, 12- and 15-lipoxygenases. The 5-lipoxygenase pathway has been the major focus of study due to the pronounced pro-inflammatory role of leukotrienes and the approval of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and leukotriene receptor antagonists for the clinical treatment of asthma. Although less well characterized, the 12-lipoxygenase as well as the 15-lipoxygenase pathway may also play an important role in the progression of human diseases such as cancer, psoriasis and atherosclerosis. The present review article summarizes the findings from an extensive literature search on plants that have been assessed for 12- and 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity as well as for leukotriene receptor antagonistic properties. The results are presented in a tabular format, and a discussion about promising plant species and natural compounds as well as relevant in vitro assays are included in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Schneider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
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