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Abstract
CONTEXT Inflammatory disorders are common in modern life, and medicinal plants provide an interesting source for new compounds bearing anti-inflammatory properties. In this regard, Brazilian medicinal plants are considered to be a promising supply of such compounds due to their great biodiversity. OBJECTIVES To undertake a review on Brazilian medicinal plants with corroborated anti-inflammatory activities by selecting data from the literature reporting the efficacy of plants used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, including the mechanisms of action of their extracts and isolated compounds. METHODS A search in the literature was undertaken by using the following Web tools: Web of Science, SciFinder, Pub-Med and Science Direct. The terms 'anti-inflammatory' and 'Brazilian medicinal plants' were used as keywords in search engine. Tropicos and Reflora websites were used to verify the origin of the plants, and only the native plants of Brazil were included in this review. The publications reporting the use of well-accepted scientific protocols to corroborate the anti-inflammatory activities of Brazilian medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory potential were considered. RESULTS We selected 70 Brazilian medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activity. The plants were grouped according to their anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action. The main mechanisms involved inflammatory mediators, such as interleukins (ILs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase (COX) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSIONS The collected data on Brazilian medicinal plants, in the form of crude extract and/or isolated compounds, showed significant anti-inflammatory activities involving different mechanisms of action, indicating Brazilian plants as an important source of anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pena Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Caroline Arruda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Salam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- CONTACT Jairo Kenupp BastosDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP14040-903, Brazil
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Moreno MA, Córdoba S, Zampini IC, Mercado MI, Ponessa G, Alberto MR, Nader-Macias MEF, Sayago J, Burgos-Edwards A, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Isla MI. Tetraglochin andina Ciald.: A medicinal plant from the Argentinean highlands with potential use in vaginal candidiasis. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 216:283-294. [PMID: 29307753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Argentinean medicinal plant Tetraglochin andina Ciald, formerly classified as T. cristatum (Britton) Rothm is used in traditional medicine by inhabitants from Argentinean northwestern highlands (Puna) to treat candidiasis and as anti-inflammatory. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the potential of the crude drug as an anti-Candida agent with anti-inflammatory properties. The bioactivity and phytochemical composition of a dry extract of the plant was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS The pharmacognostic description of the crude drug is carried out for the first time, including macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the different organs, physicochemical and extractive values (petroleum ether-, ethanol- and water-soluble). The dry extract from T. andina was evaluated as antifungal against pathogenic Candida sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from vaginal infections and reference strains, by the macrodilution and microdilution assays. The normal vaginal microbiome in women is characterized by the dominance of lactic acid-producing bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus spp. The effect of T. andina extract on Lactobacillus strains was also assayed. The inhibitory effect on proinflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2) and antioxidant capacity was studied. The chemical profile was analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS. RESULTS The hydroalcoholic extract inhibited the growth of all yeasts with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 12.5 and 400 µg GAE/mL and the MIC values on Lactobacillus were higher than the MIC values against Candida isolates ( > 400 µg GAE/mL). These results indicate that the hydroalcoholic extract could be used without affecting the normal microbiota of vaginal fluid. The extract showed antioxidant activity and could modulate the inflammatory process by three pathways (sPLA2, COX-2, LOX). The plant extract contained high total phenolic levels (386.9±1.7 mg GAE/g dry extract) and flavonoid levels (260.4±2.7 mg GAE/g dry extract). Fifty phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS. They were mainly hydrolysable and condensed tannins. The dry extract was chemically and biologically stable during one year at room temperature or 4 °C. CONCLUSIONS The presence of anti-Candida and anti-inflammatory activities in Tetraglochin andina extracts give support to their traditional use for treating conditions associated with microorganism infections and inflammatory process in humans. This plant preparation could be used to design phytopharmaceutical preparations to inhibit yeast growth and moderate the inflammatory and oxidative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Moreno
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Susana Córdoba
- INEI-ANLIS 'Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán', Departamento de Micología, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Inés Mercado
- Instituto de Morfología Vegetal. Área Botánica. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Graciela Ponessa
- Instituto de Morfología Vegetal. Área Botánica. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Rosa Alberto
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M E Fatima Nader-Macias
- Centro de Referencia de Lactobacillos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jorge Sayago
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alberto Burgos-Edwards
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - María Inés Isla
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (LIPRON), Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Abstract
Purification of extracts from Prangos haussknechtii Bioss afforded prenylated coumarins 1 and 2, monoterpenoid 3, amino acid derivative 4, and seven known compounds. Spectroscopic methods permitted establishment of the structures and relative configuration of these compounds. The pure isolates were tested for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities using lipid peroxidation (LPO), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2) enzyme inhibitory assays. Compounds 1-4 inhibited LPO with IC50 values between 43 and 114 μM and reduced MTT to formazan blue between 48 and 128 μM. In anti-inflammatory assays using cyclooxygenase enzymes, COX-1 and -2, these compounds showed inhibition, with IC50 values ranging from 34 to 56 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila A Dissanayake
- Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Baram A H Ameen
- Department of Science, Charmo University , 46023 Chamchamal-Sualimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Muraleedharan G Nair
- Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Fu Q, Ma Y, Chen J, Yuan HM, Zheng YZ. Two new C-glucosyl flavonoids from Ziziphus jujube and their anti-inflammatory activity. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2017; 19:462-467. [PMID: 27649580 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1234458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new C-glucosyl flavonoids 6''-O-feruloylspinosin and 6''-O-feruloyl-6'''-p-hydroxybenzoylspinosin, together with five known compounds, were isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujube (Rhamnaceae family). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences. Compounds 1-7 showed moderate inhibitory effects against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- a School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering , Chengdu University , Chengdu 610106 , China
| | - Yu Ma
- a School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering , Chengdu University , Chengdu 610106 , China
| | - Jiang Chen
- a School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering , Chengdu University , Chengdu 610106 , China
| | - Hai-Mei Yuan
- a School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering , Chengdu University , Chengdu 610106 , China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zheng
- b School of Biology Sciences and Food Technology , Hanshan Normal University , Chaozhou 521041 , China
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Chakraborty K, Raola VK. Two rare antioxidant and anti-inflammatory oleanenes from loop root Asiatic mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. Phytochemistry 2017; 135:160-168. [PMID: 28062072 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two oleanenes, olean-18(19)-en-3β-yl-(3,6-dimethyl-3E,6Z-dienoate) and (13α)-27-frido-olean-14(15)-en-(17α)-furanyl-3β-ol representing a class of rare natural pentacyclic triterpenoids were isolated from the chloroform extract of Asiatic mangrove, Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Family: Rhizophoraceae). The furanyl oleanene exhibited significantly greater antioxidative activities (IC50 0.73-0.76 mg/mL), than prenylated oleanene (IC50 0.84-0.96 mg/mL) (P < 0.05). No significant differences in anti-5-lipoxygenase activities of these compounds with the synthetic drug ibuprofen was discernable (IC50 0.8-0.9 mg/mL), whilst furanyl oleanene demonstrated significantly greater anti-cyclooxygenase-2 (IC50 0.84 mg/mL) and anti-5-lipoxygenase activities (IC50 0.78 mg/mL) over prenylated oleanene (IC50 > 0.90 mg/mL). These compounds exhibited lesser activity against cyclooxygenase-1 than cyclooxygenase-2 isoform, and therefore, their selectivity indices remained significantly greater (anti-cyclooxygenase-1IC50/anti-cyclooxygenase-2IC50 > 1) than the aspirin (0.02) and ibuprofen (0.44). The lipophilic and steric molecular descriptors were found to occupy a prominent role in determining the bioactivities of the compounds. These previously undescribed oleanenes might serve as potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory lead molecules in medicinal formulations and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India.
| | - Vamshi Krishna Raola
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India
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Wu P, Gao H, Liu JX, Liu L, Zhou H, Liu ZQ. Triterpenoid saponins with anti-inflammatory activities from Ilex pubescens roots. Phytochemistry 2017; 134:122-132. [PMID: 27912969 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven triterpenoid saponins, named ilexsaponin I-O, along with twelve known ones, were isolated from the roots of Ilex pubescens. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by use of extensive spectroscopic methods (IR, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR). Sugar residues obtained after acid hydrolysis were identified by TLC and HPLC. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of the triterpenoid saponins were also evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among the isolated saponins, seven compounds were shown to inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Ilexsaponin I and β-d-glucopyranosyl 3-β-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy]-olea-12-en-28-oate exerted more potent anti-inflammatory effects than the other compounds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China.
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Katanić J, Boroja T, Mihailović V, Nikles S, Pan SP, Rosić G, Selaković D, Joksimović J, Mitrović S, Bauer R. In vitro and in vivo assessment of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) as anti-inflammatory agent. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 193:627-636. [PMID: 27721054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim, Rosaceae) has been traditionally used in most European countries for the treatment of inflammatory diseases due to its antipyretic, analgesic, astringent, and anti-rheumatic properties. However, there is little scientific evidence on F. ulmaria anti-inflammatory effects regarding its impact on cyclooxygenases enzymatic activity and in vivo assessment of anti-inflammatory potential. This study aims to reveal the anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extracts from the aerial parts (FUA) and roots (FUR) of F. ulmaria, both in in vitro and in vivo conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The characteristic phenolic compounds in F. ulmaria extracts were monitored via high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of F. ulmaria extracts was evaluated using cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme assays, and an assay for determining COX-2 gene expression. The in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of F. ulmaria extracts was determined in two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) with hot plate test and carrageenan-induced paw edema test in rats. Inflammation was also evaluated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS FUA extract showed the presence of rutoside, spiraeoside, and isoquercitrin. Both F. ulmaria extracts at a concentration of 50μg/mL were able to inhibit COX-1 and -2 enzyme activities, whereby FUA extract (62.84% and 46.43% inhibition, respectively) was double as effective as the root extract (32.11% and 20.20%, respectively). Extracts hardly inhibited the level of COX-2 gene expression in THP-1 cells at a concentration of 25μg/mL (10.19% inhibition by FUA and 8.54% by FUR). In the hot plate test, both extracts in two doses (100 and 200mg/kg b.w.), exhibited an increase in latency time when compared with the control group (p<0.05). In the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation test, FUA at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg b.w., and FUR at 200mg/kg, were able to significantly reduce the mean maximal swelling of rat paw until 6h of treatment. Indomethacin, FUA, and FUR extracts significantly decreased inflammation score and this effect was more pronounced after 24h, compared to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The observed results of in vitro and, for the first time, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of meadowsweet extracts, provide support of the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of different inflammatory conditions. Further investigation of the anti-inflammatory compounds could reveal the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Katanić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Tatjana Boroja
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Mihailović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stefanie Nikles
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - San-Po Pan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gvozden Rosić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragica Selaković
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Joksimović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrović
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
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M M, Zameer F, Naidu A, M N NP, Dhananjaya BL, Hegdekatte R. Evaluating the inhibitory potential of Withania somnifera on platelet aggregation and inflammation enzymes: An in vitro and in silico study. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1936-1941. [PMID: 26704448 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is traditionally used for treating various ailments, but lacks scientific evaluation. Objective This study evaluates Withania somnifera (WS) for its effect on platelet activity and inflammatory enzymes. Materials and methods Aqueous and ethanolic (1:1) leaf extracts were subjected to in vitro indirect haemolytic activity using Naja naja venom, human platelet aggregation was quantified for lipid peroxidation using arachidonic acid (AA) as agonist and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) levels were determined using standard spectrometric assays. Further, molecular docking was performed by the ligand fit method using molegro software package (Molegro ApS, Aarhus, Denmark). Results The study found that aqueous and ethanol extracts have very negligible effect (15%) with an IC50 value of 13.8 mg/mL on PLA2 from Naja naja venom. Further, extracts of WS also had very little effect (18%) with an IC50 value of 16.6 mg/mL on malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. However, a 65% inhibition of 5-LOX with an IC50 value of 0.92 mg/mL was observed in 1:1 ethanol extracts. The same was evident from SAR model with the active ingredient withaferin A binding predominantly on Phe 77, Tyr 98, Arg 99, Asp 164, Leu 168, Ser 382, Arg 395, Tyr 396 and Tyr 614 with an atomic contact energy value of -128.96 compared to standard phenidone (-103.61). Thus, the current study validates the application of WS for inflammatory diseases. Conclusion This study reveals the inhibitory potential of W. somnifera on inflammatory enzymes and platelet aggregation. Thus, WS can serve as a newer, safer and affordable medicine for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan M
- a Department of Commerce and Science , JSS College of Arts , Mysore , Karnataka , India
| | - Farhan Zameer
- b Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Microbiology , Mahajana Research Foundation, SBRR Mahajana First Grade College, Affiliated to University of Mysore , Mysore , Karnataka , India
| | - Akhilender Naidu
- c Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI) , Mysore , Karnataka , India
| | - Nagendra Prasad M N
- d Department of Biotechnology , Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Institution Camp , Mysore , Karnataka , India
| | | | - Raghavendra Hegdekatte
- f Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Microbiology , Pooja Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana Post Graduate Centre, Mahajana Research Foundation, Affiliated to University of Mysore , Mysore , Karnataka , India
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Li Q, Zhang CR, Dissanayake AA, Gao QY, Nair MG. Phenanthrenes in Chinese Yam Peel Exhibit Antiinflammatory Activity, as Shown by Strong in Vitro Cyclooxygenase Enzyme Inhibition. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:1313-1316. [PMID: 30807032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita), peeled or whole, is a popular food item that is considered to be healthy. Often, the yam is peeled before cooking. However, it is also consumed with peel. Therefore, in this study, the peel of this yam was extracted sequentially with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, and studied for its health-benefits, using in vitro bioassays. Bioactivity-guided purifications of extracts of the peel afforded phenanthrenes (1-4), as characterized- by spectroscopic methods. Phenanthrene I is a novel analogue. The extracts and isolates were tested for antiinflammatory activity using cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX- I and -2) inhibitory assays. All phenanthrenes isolated from the yam peel showed higher inhibition of COX enzymes than the over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen.
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Shaha MKK, Sirata HM, Jamil S, Jalil J. Flavonoids from the Bark of Artocarpus integer var. silvestris and their Anti-inflammatory Properties. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:1275-1278. [PMID: 30807020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A new pyranoflavone, methoxycyclocommunol (1) together with four known flavonoids, artonin F (2), heteroflavanone A (3), cudraflavone C (4) and cyclocommunol (5) were isolated from the bark of Artocarpus integer var. silvestris Corner. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic- techniques (UV, IR, MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR) and by comparison with literature data. All the pure compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activities by using screening kit and radioimmunoassay methods. In a 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) inhibitory assay, compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 gave weak percentages of inhibition, 16.5, 18.3, 17.6, 10.2%, respectively at the concentration of 100 μM. Compounds 1, 3 and 4, however, showed strong dose- dependent inhibition towards prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production in lipopolysaccharide-induced human whole blood using a radioimmunoassay method with IC₅₀ values of 4.3, 0.8, and 0.07 μM, respectively suggesting that they strongly exhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity.
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Pebdani AA, Shabani AMH, Dadfarnia S, Khodadoust S. Solid phase microextraction of diclofenac using molecularly imprinted polymer sorbent in hollow fiber combined with fiber optic-linear array spectrophotometry. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 147:26-30. [PMID: 25827763 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple solid phase microextraction method based on molecularly imprinted polymer sorbent in the hollow fiber (MIP-HF-SPME) combined with fiber optic-linear array spectrophotometer has been applied for the extraction and determination of diclofenac in environmental and biological samples. The effects of different parameters such as pH, times of extraction, type and volume of the organic solvent, stirring rate and donor phase volume on the extraction efficiency of the diclofenac were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration graph was linear (r(2)=0.998) in the range of 3.0-85.0 μg L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.7 μg L(-1) for preconcentration of 25.0 mL of the sample and the relative standard deviation (n=6) less than 5%. This method was applied successfully for the extraction and determination of diclofenac in different matrices (water, urine and plasma) and accuracy was examined through the recovery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Amiri Pebdani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran
| | | | - Shayessteh Dadfarnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran.
| | - Saeid Khodadoust
- Department of Chemistry, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
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Zhang CR, Jayashre E, Kumar PS, Nair MG. Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Compounds in Nutmeg (Myristicafragrans) Pericarp as Determined by in vitro Assays. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:1399-1402. [PMID: 26434127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutmeg, Myristicafragrans, is known for its culinary and medicinal values. The nutmeg pericarp, abundant during the production of the seed, is also used in food and beverage preparations. In this study, the pericarp of M. fragrans was evaluated for its bioactive components using in vitro antioxidant and antiinflammatory assays. The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation (LPO) by 82.5, 70.1 and 73.2%, and cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 by 44, 44 and 42% and COX-2 by 47, 41 and 36%, respectively, at 100 microg/mL. The bioassay-guided purifications of extracts yielded 20 compounds belonged to neolignans (0.13%), phenylpropanoids (0.28%), phenolic aldehyde (0.35%), triterpenoids (0.06%), triglycerides (0.20%), sugars (10.2%) and steroids (0.49%). Pure isolates 1-5 inhibited LPO by 70-99% and 3-12 inhibited COX-1 and -2 enzymes by 37-49%. This is the first report on the bioassay-guided characterization of constituents in nutmeg pericarp. Our results support the medicinal claims of nutmeg pericarp.
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Yarla NS, Azad R, Basha M, Rajack A, Kaladhar DSVGK, Allam BK, Pragada RR, Singh KN, K SK, Pallu R, Parimi U, Bishayee A, Duddukuri GR. 5-Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitory dammarane triterpenoid 1 from Borassus flabellifer seed coat inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α secretion in LPSInduced THP-1 human monocytes and induces apoptosis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2015; 15:1066-77. [PMID: 25642980 DOI: 10.2174/1871520615666150202110936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2), Cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) are arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes and their inhibitors have been developed as therapeutic molecules for cancer and inflammation related disorders. In the present study, PLA2, COX 1&2 and 5-LOX inhibitory studies of Borassus flabellifer seed coat extract were carried out and substantial 5-LOX inhibitory activity was found. Dammarane triterpenoid 1 (Dammara-20,23-diene-3,25-diol) was isolated according to 5-LOX activity guided isolation, and screened for COX (1 & 2) inhibitory activities. Dammarane triterpenoid 1 inhibited carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and TNF-α secretion levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 human monocytes. Anticancer activity studies demonstrated the antiproliferative effect of dammarane triterpenoid 1 on various cancer cell lines including MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic, DU145 prostate, HL-60 leukemia and Caco-2 colon cancers. Dammarane triterpenoid 1 showed good antiproliferative activity on MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell line with IC50 of 12.36±0.33 µM, among other tested cell lines. Apoptosis inducing activity of dammarane triterpenoid 1 was confirmed based on increased sub-G0 phase cell population in cell cycle analysis, loss of mitochondrian membrane potential, elevated levels of cytochrome c, nuclear morphological changes and DNA fragmentation in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, dammarane triterpenoid skeleton may raise the hope of developing novel anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India.
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Nishi I, Kawakami T, Onodera S. Monitoring the concentrations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-inhibiting activities in the surface waters of the Tone Canal and Edo River Basin. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2015; 50:1108-1115. [PMID: 26191985 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1047647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals has become a major problem in many countries worldwide. However, little is known about the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in water sources in Japan. The objective of this study was to clarify variations in the concentrations of seven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and in cyclooxygenase(COX)-inhibiting activities in river water and domestic wastewater collected from the Tone Canal and the Edo River Basin in Japan. Total NSAID concentrations were higher in the Tone Canal than in the Edo River, and the highest concentration was observed at the domestic wastewater inflow point located in the Tone Canal (concentration averages of salicylic acid, ibuprofen, felbinac, naproxen, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, and ketoprofen in wastewater samples were 55.3, 162.9, 39.7, 11.8, 30.8, 259.7, and 48.3 ng L(-1), respectively). Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed that wastewater samples collected during cooler seasons contained higher levels of COX-inhibiting activity. COX-inhibiting activities were highly correlated with NSAID concentrations (particularly for ketoprofen and diclofenac); however, other COX inhibitors, such as NSAIDs that were not examined in this study and/or other chemicals with COX-inhibiting activity, could exist in the water samples because the concentrations of NSAIDs obtained from the water samples did not account for the total COX-inhibiting activities observed. Therefore, COX inhibition assays may be helpful for evaluating the aquatic toxicity of COX inhibitors. In this study, we demonstrated that COX inhibitors in surface water may influence aquatic organisms more than was expected based on NSAID concentrations. Thus, further studies examining other COX inhibitors in the aquatic environment are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwaki Nishi
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science , Noda-shi , Chiba , Japan
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15
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Verhoff M, Seitz S, Paul M, Noha S, Jauch J, Schuster D, Werz O. Tetra- and pentacyclic triterpene acids from the ancient anti-inflammatory remedy frankincense as inhibitors of microsomal prostaglandin E(2) synthase-1. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:1445-1451. [PMID: 24844534 PMCID: PMC4074212 DOI: 10.1021/np500198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 is the terminal enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin (PG)E2 from cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived PGH2. We previously found that mPGES-1 is inhibited by boswellic acids (IC50 = 3-30 μM), which are bioactive triterpene acids present in the anti-inflammatory remedy frankincense. Here we show that besides boswellic acids, additional known triterpene acids (i.e., tircuallic, lupeolic, and roburic acids) isolated from frankincense suppress mPGES-1 with increased potencies. In particular, 3α-acetoxy-8,24-dienetirucallic acid (6) and 3α-acetoxy-7,24-dienetirucallic acid (10) inhibited mPGES-1 activity in a cell-free assay with IC50 = 0.4 μM, each. Structure-activity relationship studies and docking simulations revealed concrete structure-related interactions with mPGES-1 and its cosubstrate glutathione. COX-1 and -2 were hardly affected by the triterpene acids (IC50 > 10 μM). Given the crucial role of mPGES-1 in inflammation and the abundance of highly active triterpene acids in frankincence extracts, our findings provide further evidence of the anti-inflammatory potential of frankincense preparations and reveal novel, potent bioactivities of tirucallic acids, roburic acids, and lupeolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Verhoff
- Department
for Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical
Institute, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Seitz
- Organic
Chemistry II, University of Saarland, Campus C 4.2., D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Paul
- Organic
Chemistry II, University of Saarland, Campus C 4.2., D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stefan
M. Noha
- Computer Aided Molecular
Design (CAMD) Group, Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Innsbruck, Innrain
80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johann Jauch
- Organic
Chemistry II, University of Saarland, Campus C 4.2., D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Computer Aided Molecular
Design (CAMD) Group, Institute
of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Innsbruck, Innrain
80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department
of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Zhang CR, Aldosari SA, Vidyasagar PSPV, Nair KM, Nair MG. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays confirm bioactive compounds in Ajwa date fruit. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:5834-5840. [PMID: 23713661 DOI: 10.1021/jf401371v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ajwa, a variety of date palm Phoenix dactylifera L., produces the most expensive date fruits. Percentages of seed, moisture, fructose, glucose, soluble protein, and fiber in Ajwa dates were 13.24, 6.21, 39.06, 26.35, 1.33, and 11.01, respectively. The ethyl acetate, methanolic, and water extracts of Ajwa dates, active at 250 μg/mL in the MTT assay, inhibited lipid peroxidation (LPO) by 88, 70, and 91% at 250 μg/mL and cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 by 30, 31, and 32% and COX-2 by 59, 48, and 45% at 100 μg/mL, respectively. Bioactivity-guided purifications afforded compounds 1-7, in addition to phthalates and fatty acids. Compounds 1-3 showed activity at 100 μg/mL in the MTT assay; inhibited COX-1 enzyme by 59, 48, amd 50% and COX-2 enzyme by 60, 40, amd 39% at 50 μg/mL; and inhibited LPO by 95, 58, amd 66% at 100 μg/mL, respectively. The soluble protein fraction was also very active in both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Rui Zhang
- Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Liu Y, Roy SS, Nebie RHC, Zhang Y, Nair MG. Functional food quality of Curcuma caesia, Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma aeruginosa endemic to Northeastern India. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2013; 68:72-77. [PMID: 23359084 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma spp. (Zingiberaceae) is one of the significant ingredients in food and traditional medicines. The current study was to investigate health-benefits of the rhizomes of endemic Curcuma caesia, Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma aeruginosa using in vitro antioxidant, antiinflammatory and human tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activities. Among these, C. caesia (black turmeric) showed the best overall biological activities based on [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2) enzymes, and tumor cell growth inhibitory assays. The hexane and methanolic extracts of C. caesia (CCH and CCM) showed LPO inhibition by 31 and 43 %, and COX-2 enzyme by 29 and 38 %, respectively, at 100 μg/ml. Eleven terpenoids were isolated and identified. The MTT antioxidant assay revealed that the extracts of three Curcuma spp. at 250 μg/ml and isolates at 5 μg/ml demonstrated activity comparable to positive controls vitamin C and t-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) at 25 μg/ml. The extracts inhibited LPO by 40 % at 250 μg/ml whereas pure isolates 1-11 by about 20 %. The extracts and isolates inhibited COX-1 and -2 enzymes between the ranges of 3-56 and 5-30 %, respectively. The in vitro biological activity exhibited by the extracts and isolates of C. caesia rhizome further supported its use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbao Liu
- Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., Room 420, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Madikizela B, Ndhlala AR, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Ethnopharmacological study of plants from Pondoland used against diarrhoea. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 141:61-71. [PMID: 22338648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea are common world wide, including in Bizana, South Africa where the majority of rural dwellers depend largely on water from unprotected sources. The people from Bizana use medicinal plants as their first line of health care to cure and prevent diarrhoea. AIM OF THE STUDY To record and document plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Bizana, to evaluate antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of selected plant extracts as well as to perform genotoxicity testing of evaluated plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnobotanical approach was used to select plants used for treating diarrhoea in Bizana for pharmacological assays using questionnaires. Nine plants were selected for bioassays based on their frequency index and the fact that they have never been evaluated against diarrhoea causing-microorganisms. The petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), 70% ethanol (EtOH), and water extracts were evaluated for antibacterial (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri) activity using the microdilution technique, their ability to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Genotoxicity was evaluated using the Salmonella microsome assay. RESULTS This study revealed that 34 plant species belonging to 27 families are used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Bizana. The extracts showed good inhibitory activity with MIC values ranging from 0.39 to 12.5mg/ml. The best activity was exhibited by DCM extracts of Rapanea melanophloeos, and EtOH extracts of Ficus craterostoma and Maesa lanceolata with MIC values of 0.098mg/ml. The inhibitory activity against COX-1 enzyme was higher than COX-2, with 19 plant extracts for the former and 7 for the latter. All the tested plant extracts were not mutagenic at all concentrations tested against all tester strains of bacteria. CONCLUSION In view of the fact that the plants were selected based on their ethnobotanical usage for treating diarrhoea, the activities reported here goes a long way in validating the plants for traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Madikizela
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Saadawi S, Jalil J, Jasamai M, Jantan I. Inhibitory effects of acetylmelodorinol, chrysin and polycarpol from Mitrella kentii on prostaglandin E₂ and Thromboxane B₂ production and platelet activating factor receptor binding. Molecules 2012; 17:4824-35. [PMID: 22538486 PMCID: PMC6268117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17054824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylmelodorinol, chrysin and polycarpol, together with benzoic acid, benzoquinone and stigmasterol were isolated from the leaves of Mitrella kentii (Bl.) Miq. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production in human whole blood using a radioimmunoassay technique. Their inhibitory effect on platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor binding to rabbit platelet was determined using 3H-PAF as a ligand. Among the compounds tested, chrysin showed a strong dose-dependent inhibitory activity on PGE2 production (IC50 value of 25.5 µM), which might be due to direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymatic activity. Polycarpol, acetylmelodorinol and stigmasterol exhibited significant and concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on TXB2 production with IC50 values of 15.6, 19.1 and 19.4 µM, respectively, suggesting that they strongly inhibited COX-1 activity. Polycarpol and acetylmelodorinol showed strong dose-dependent inhibitory effects on PAF receptor binding with IC50 values of 24.3 and 24.5 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +603-9289-7533; Fax: +603-2698-3271
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20
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Russell FA, Mulabagal V, Thompson DR, Singh-Wilmot MA, Reynolds WF, Nair MG, Langer V, Reese PB. Stemodin-derived analogues with lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes and human tumour cell proliferation inhibitory activities. Phytochemistry 2011; 72:2361-2368. [PMID: 21940022 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of analogues, derived from the antiviral and cytotoxic diterpene stemodin, were prepared and evaluated for their lipid peroxidation (LPO), cyclooxygenase enzyme-1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2), and tumour cell proliferation inhibitory activities. Oxidation of stemodin produced stemodinone, which was then converted to stemod-12-en-2-one. Reaction of the latter under Petrow conditions (bromine; silver acetate/pyridine) yielded mainly dibrominated abeo-stachanes. Solvolysis of the dibromo compounds gave products of hydrolysis, some with rearranged skeleta. In the lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay three of the compounds exhibited prominent activity. Interestingly, all the analogues showed higher COX-1 enzyme inhibition than COX-2. Although a few of the diterpenes limited the growth of some human tumour cell lines, most compounds induced proliferation of such cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floyd A Russell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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21
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Gao Y, Deshusses MA. Adsorption of clofibric acid and ketoprofen onto powdered activated carbon: effect of natural organic matter. Environ Technol 2011; 33:1719-1727. [PMID: 22439557 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.554888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of two acidic pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), clofibric acid and ketoprofen, onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) was investigated with a particular focus on the influence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the adsorption of the PhACs. Suwannee River humic acids (SRHAs) were used as a substitute for NOM. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to obtain adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms with and without SRHAs in the system. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption ofclofibric acid was not significantly affected by the presence of SRHAs at a concentration of 5 mg (as carbon) L(-1). An adsorption capacity of 70 to 140 mg g(-1) was observed and equilibrium was reached within 48 h. In contrast, the adsorption of ketoprofen was markedly decreased (from about 120 mg g(-1) to 70-100 mg g(-1)) in the presence of SRHAs. Higher initial concentrations of clofibric acid than ketoprofen during testing may explain the different behaviours that were observed. Also, the more hydrophobic ketoprofen molecules may have less affinity for PAC when humic acids (which are hydrophilic) are present. The possible intermolecular forces that could account for the different behaviour of clofibric acid and ketoprofen adsorption onto PAC are discussed. In particular, the relevance of electrostatic forces, electron donor-acceptor interaction, hydrogen bonding and London dispersion forces are discussed
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohuan Gao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Yang JH, Kondratyuk TP, Jermihov KC, Marler LE, Qiu X, Choi Y, Cao H, Yu R, Sturdy M, Huang R, Liu Y, Wang LQ, Mesecar AD, van Breemen RB, Pezzuto JM, Fong HHS, Chen YG, Zhang HJ. Bioactive compounds from the fern Lepisorus contortus. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:129-36. [PMID: 21261296 PMCID: PMC3069126 DOI: 10.1021/np100373f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Lepisorus contortus (Christ) Ching led to the isolation of five new phenylethanoid glycosides (1-5), each containing a caffeoyl group, a new flavonoid glycoside (10), and 14 known compounds (6-9 and 11-15, syringic acid, vanillic acid, phloretic acid, diplopterol, and β-sitosterol). This is the first report of phenylethanoid glycosides from the family Polypodiaceae. Compounds 1-15 were evaluated for their cancer chemopreventive potential based on their ability to inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB activity, nitric oxide (NO) production, and aromatase, quinone reductase 2 (QR-2), and COX-1/-2 activities. Quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside (15) demonstrated inhibition against QR2 with an IC(50) value of 3.84 μM, which confirmed kaempferol/quercetin glycosides as the active compounds to inhibit QR2. The compound also demonstrated NF-κB activity with an IC(50) value of 33.6 μM. In addition, compounds 1, 2, 4, and 6 showed aromatase activity with IC(50) values of 30.7, 32.3, 26.8, and 35.3 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tamara P. Kondratyuk
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Dr., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Katherine C. Jermihov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Laura E. Marler
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Dr., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Xi Qiu
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rui Yu
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Megan Sturdy
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan University, Kunming 650031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew D. Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Dr., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Harry H. S. Fong
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ye-Gao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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23
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Gautam R, Jachak SM, Saklani A. Anti-inflammatory effect of Ajuga bracteosa Wall Ex Benth. mediated through cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133:928-30. [PMID: 21073945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ajuga bracteosa Wall Ex Benth. (Labiateae) is described in Ayurveda for the treatment of rheumatism, gout, palsy and amenorrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of present investigation is to study anti-inflammatory activity of Ajuga bracteosa, to understand possible mechanism of action and to identify the constituents responsible for its activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity of 70% ethanolic extract was evaluated in TPA-induced mouse ear edema assay and in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity was determined using EIA kits employing appropriate reference standards. Aajugarin I, lupulin A, withaferin A, reptoside and 6-deoxyharpagide were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extract by silica gel column chromatography. RESULTS The 70% ethanol extract of whole plants of Ajuga bracteosa showed a significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in an acute inflammation model at the dose of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ear. The extract also exhibited a strong in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity at 25 and 50 μg/mL concentration. Among the isolated compounds 6-deoxyharpagide exhibited highest COX-2 inhibition while rest of the compounds exhibited weak to moderate COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition at 30 μM concentration. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the 70% ethanol extract of Ajuga bracteosa possesses promising anti-inflammatory activity, which is possibly mediated through inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. The isolated constituents could be responsible in part for its anti-inflammatory and COX inhibitory activity. The study supports traditional use of Ajuga bracteosa for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Gautam
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
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24
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Yoshikawa K, Yagi C, Hama H, Tanaka M, Arihara S, Hashimoto T. Ipomotaosides A-D, resin glycosides from the aerial parts of Ipomoea batatas and their inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2. J Nat Prod 2010; 73:1763-1766. [PMID: 20961090 DOI: 10.1021/np100283t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Four new resin glycosides, namely, ipomotaosides A-D (1-4), were isolated from the dried aerial parts of Ipomoea batatas. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data and by chemical derivatization and were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-Cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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Gautam R, Karkhile KV, Bhutani KK, Jachak SM. Anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, COX-1 inhibitory, and free radical scavenging effects of Rumex nepalensis. Planta Med 2010; 76:1564-9. [PMID: 20379952 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1249779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of RUMEX NEPALENSIS roots in a TPA-induced acute inflammation mouse model demonstrated a significant reduction in ear edema. The extracts were further tested on purified enzymes for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition to elucidate their mechanism of action, and a strong inhibition was observed. Six anthraquinones and two naphthalene derivatives were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract. Among the isolated compounds, emodin was found to be a potent inhibitor with slight selectivity towards COX-2, and nepodin exhibited selectivity towards COX-1. Emodin, endocrocin, and nepodin also exhibited significant topical anti-inflammatory activity in mice. Interestingly, nepodin showed better radical scavenging activity than trolox and ascorbic acid against DPPH and ABTS radicals. The strong radical scavenging activity of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts could be explained by the presence of nepodin as well as by the high phenolic content of the ethyl acetate extract. Thus, the anti-inflammatory effect of R. NEPALENSIS roots was assumed to be mediated through COX inhibition by anthraquinones and naphthalene derivatives and through the radical scavenging activities of naphthalene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Gautam
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, India
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Aremu AO, Fawole OA, Chukwujekwu JC, Light ME, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. In vitro antimicrobial, anthelmintic and cyclooxygenase-inhibitory activities and phytochemical analysis of Leucosidea sericea. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 131:22-27. [PMID: 20542105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leucosidea sericea is used as a vermifuge and in the treatment of ophthalmia by various tribes in southern African countries. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed at screening leaves and stems of Leucosidea sericea for pharmacological activity and validating the plant's traditional use. A general phytochemical screening was also carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS Petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol (EtOH) and water extracts of the plant parts were investigated for antimicrobial, anthelmintic and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activities. Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Candida albicans were used for the antimicrobial evaluation. Caenorhabditis elegans was used for the anthelmintic assay using the microdilution technique. Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and -2) were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant extracts. Phytochemical analysis for phenolic compounds, including gallotannins, condensed tannins and flavonoids was done using 50% methanol extracts of the leaves and stems employing spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS The leaf extracts exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity ranging from 0.025 to 6.25mg/ml. The most noteworthy minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.025 mg/ml was exhibited by PE and DCM leaf extracts against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In the anthelmintic assay, the best minimum lethal concentration (MLC) value of 0.26 mg/ml was observed for the DCM and EtOH leaf extracts. Both leaf and stem organic solvent extracts exhibited high to moderate inhibition against COX-1 and -2 at a screening concentration of 250 microg/ml. At lower concentrations, the extracts displayed a dose-dependent inhibition, with the lowest IC(50) values of 0.06 microg/ml (COX-1) and 12.66 microg/ml (COX-2) exhibited by the PE extract of the leaves. Generally, the leaf extracts exhibited better pharmacological activities and contained higher amounts of phenolic compounds than the stem extracts. Alkaloids and saponins were only detected in the leaf and stem extracts, respectively. CONCLUSION The reported results support the local use of Leucosidea sericea against eye infections and as a vermifuge. The pharmacological activities exhibited by the leaf extracts are probably due to their higher phenolic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Oomah BD, Corbé A, Balasubramanian P. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) hulls. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:8225-30. [PMID: 20572671 DOI: 10.1021/jf1011193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hulls obtained by mechanical abrasive dehulling from four bean cultivars were extracted with two solvents, aqueous (70%) acetone and water, and the extracts evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in relation to their phenolic contents. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of bean hulls, measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values, were 6-8-fold those of corresponding whole beans. Aqueous acetone (70%) extracted over twice the amount of total phenolics from hulls that exhibited significantly higher antioxidant and stronger inhibitory effect on both cyclooxygenases, COX-1 and COX-2, than water. Acetone extract of black bean hull exhibited strong COX-1 (IC(50) = 1.2 microg/mL) and COX-2 (IC(50) = 38 microg/mL) inhibitory effects, even outperforming aspirin. Bean hull water extracts were stronger inhibitors of lipoxygenase, 15-LOX, than corresponding acetone extracts. Anti-inflammatory activity of bean hulls was dependent on their phenolic content and antioxidant activity that were significantly affected by cultivar and extracting solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dave Oomah
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada.
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Fu Q, Zan K, Zhao M, Zhou S, Shi S, Jiang Y, Tu P. Triterpene saponins from Clematis chinensis and their potential anti-inflammatory activity. J Nat Prod 2010; 73:1234-1239. [PMID: 20540535 DOI: 10.1021/np100057y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Seven new triterpene saponins, clematochinenosides A-G (1-7), together with 17 known saponins (8-24), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis chinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and hydrolysis products. Compounds 1, 3-7, and 20-24 showed inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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29
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Yang JH, Kondratyuk TP, Marler LE, Qiu X, Choi Y, Cao H, Yu R, Sturdy M, Pegan S, Liu Y, Wang LQ, Mesecar AD, Van Breemen RB, Pezzuto JM, Fong HHS, Chen YG, Zhang HJ. Isolation and evaluation of kaempferol glycosides from the fern Neocheiropteris palmatopedata. Phytochemistry 2010; 71:641-7. [PMID: 20100622 PMCID: PMC2866494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol glycosides, named palmatosides A (1), B (2) and C (3), together with three known kaempferol glycosides, multiflorins A (4) and B (5), and afzelin (6), were isolated from the roots of the fern Neocheiropteris palmatopedata. Palmatosides A (1) and B (2) each possessed an unusual sugar moiety containing a 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-butoxy substituent group. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cancer chemopreventive potential based on their ability to inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced NF-kappaB activity, nitric oxide (NO) production, aromatase, quinone reductase 2 (QR2) and COX-1/-2 activities. Palmatosides B (2) and C (3) inhibited TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activity with IC(50) values of 15.7 and 24.1 microM, respectively; multiflorin A (4) inhibited aromatase enzyme with an IC(50) value of 15.5 microM; afzelin (6) showed 68.3% inhibition against QR2 at a concentration of 11.5 microg/ml; palmatoside A (1) showed 52% inhibition against COX-1 enzyme at a concentration of 10 microg/ml; and multiflorin B (5) showed 52% inhibition against nitric oxide production at a concentration of 20 microg/ml. In addition, compounds 3-6 were shown to bind QR2 enzyme using LC-MS ultrafiltration binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Tamara P. Kondratyuk
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Dr., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Laura E. Marler
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Dr., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Xi Qiu
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rui Yu
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Megan Sturdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and the Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Scott Pegan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and the Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew D. Mesecar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and the Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Richard B. Van Breemen
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Dr., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Harry H. S. Fong
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ye-Gao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 871 5516063 (Y.G. Chen), +1 312 996 7868 (H.J. Zhang); fax: +86 871 5516061 (Y.G. Chen), +1 312 996 7107 (H.J. Zhang). (Y.G. Chen), (H.J. Zhang)
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 871 5516063 (Y.G. Chen), +1 312 996 7868 (H.J. Zhang); fax: +86 871 5516061 (Y.G. Chen), +1 312 996 7107 (H.J. Zhang). (Y.G. Chen), (H.J. Zhang)
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Gautam R, Srivastava A, Jachak SM, Saklani A. Anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, COX-1 inhibitory and antioxidant effects of Dysophylla stellata Benth. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:45-9. [PMID: 19632309 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Gautam
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector - 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali - 160062 (Punjab), India
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31
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Park JB. Isolation and characterization of N-feruloyltyramine as the P-selectin expression suppressor from garlic (Allium sativum). J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:8868-8872. [PMID: 19807156 DOI: 10.1021/jf9018382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a medicinal and culinary plant reported to have several positive health effects on cardiovascular diseases, particularly via suppressing platelet activation. Therefore, active compounds inhibiting platelet activation were isolated from garlic extract using a P-selectin expression suppressing activity-guided fractionation technique. Garlic cloves were extracted with methanol, sequentially partitioned using ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate portion was fractionated using silica gel chromatography. The fraction with highest P-selectin expression suppressing activity was further purified using HPLC, and the compounds in the fraction were analyzed using MS, MS/MS, and NMR spectroscopic methods. Using NMR spectroscopy, the compound with highest suppressing activity was confirmed as N-feruloyltyramine. At the concentration of 0.05 microM, N-feruloyltyramine was able to suppress P-selectin expression on platelets by 31% (P < 0.016). Since COX enzymes are deeply involved in the regulation of P-selectin expression on platelets, potential effects of N-feruloyltyramine on COX enzymes were investigated. As expected at the concentration of 0.05 microM, N-feruloyltyramine was found to be a very potent compound able to inhibit COX-I and -II enzymes by 43% (P < 0.012) and 33% (P < 0.014), respectively. N-Feruloyltyramine is likely to inhibit COX enzymes, thereby suppressing P-selectin expression on platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae B Park
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, BHNRC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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Fawole OA, Ndhlala AR, Amoo SO, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Anti-inflammatory and phytochemical properties of twelve medicinal plants used for treating gastro-intestinal ailments in South Africa. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 123:237-243. [PMID: 19429367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The investigated medicinal plants are commonly used for the treatment of pains and cramps related to gastro-intestinal tract infections in South African traditional medicine. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the plant extracts to inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes. Phytochemical analysis was also carried out in the quest to determine some plant metabolites that may be responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cyclooxygenase assay was used to test for the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant extracts using cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes. Total phenolic compounds including condensed tannins, gallotannins and flavonoids were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric methods. Qualitative tests for alkaloids and saponins were also carried out. RESULTS Most of the plant extracts evaluated showed dose dependent activity against COX-1 and/or COX-2 enzymes. Agapanthus campanulatus root dichloromethane extract showed the highest COX-2 inhibitory activity (83.7%) at 62.5 microg/ml. The presence and/or amounts of phenolics, condensed tannins, gallotannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins varied with plant parts and species. CONCLUSION The results support the use of the investigated plant in treating pain and cramp related to gastro-intestinal tract infections. To some extent, the observed anti-inflammatory activity could be attributed to the various plant secondary metabolites detected in the plant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Fawole
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Beltrán FJ, Pocostales P, Alvarez P, Oropesa A. Diclofenac removal from water with ozone and activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 2009; 163:768-76. [PMID: 18715709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) has been treated in water with ozone in the presence of various activated carbons. Activated carbon-free ozonation or single ozonation leads to a complete degradation of DCF in less than 15 min while in the presence of activated carbons higher degradation rates of TOC and DCF are noticeably achieved. Among the activated carbons used, P110 Hydraffin was found the most suitable for the catalytic ozonation of DCF. The influence of pH was also investigated. In the case of the single ozonation the increasing pH slightly increases the TOC removal rate. This effect, however, was not so clear in the presence of activated carbons where the influence of the adsorption process must be considered. Ecotoxicity experiments were performed, pointing out that single ozonation reduces the toxicity of the contaminated water but catalytic ozonation improved those results. As far as kinetics is concerned, DCF is removed with ozone in a fast kinetic regime and activated carbon merely acts as a simple adsorbent. However, for TOC removal the ozonation kinetic regime becomes slow. In the absence of the adsorbent, the apparent rate constant of the mineralization process was determined at different pH values. On the other hand, determination of the rate constant of the catalytic reaction over the activated carbon was not possible due to the effect of mass transfer resistances that controlled the process rate at the conditions investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Beltrán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas S/N, 06071 Badajoz, Spain.
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Lacikova L, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Masterova I, Grancai D, Bauer R. Anti-inflammatory potential and fatty acid content of lipophilic leaf extracts of four Staphylea L. species. Nat Prod Commun 2009; 4:543-546. [PMID: 19476002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylea preparations are used in TCM and have been used by native Americans for a number of indications, such as rheumatism. Based on this knowledge, the anti-inflammatory activity of light petroleum extracts of leaves of Staphylea colchica Stev., S. elegans Zab., S. holocarpa Hemsl. and S. pinnata L. has been determined using in vitro assays for inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) formation by lipoxygenase (5-LOX). All extracts inhibited COX-1 and COX-2, with S. holocarpa and S. elegans performing best. Inhibition of LTB4 formation was less pronounced. As unsaturated fatty acids are known to inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism in vitro, the fatty acid content was determined of the active extracts and set in correlation with their activity. Unsaturated fatty acids were found to contribute to the observed COX-2 and LTB4 formation inhibitory activity to a different extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubica Lacikova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Kenstaviciene P, Nenortiene P, Kiliuviene G, Zevzikovas A, Lukosius A, Kazlauskiene D. Application of high-performance liquid chromatography for research of salicin in bark of different varieties of Salix. Medicina (Kaunas) 2009; 45:644-651. [PMID: 19773624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Willow (Salix L.) species are widely spread in Lithuanian natural dendroflora. Willow bark contains active substances known for anti-inflammatory properties and is known as a phytotherapeutic precursor of aspirin. Bark extracts are components of analgesic and antirheumatic preparations. Therapeutic effectiveness is associated with salicin (2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside), which turns into salicylic acid. Increasing attention to natural preparations gives primary importance to research of plants. This study focused on 12 willow taxa and employed routine pharmacopoeia methods. High-performance liquid chromatography method was applied for the analysis of bark extractions. The investigation revealed that not all willow species accumulated a therapeutically sufficient amount of salicin. Bark samples were investigated after 1- and 2-year growth in autumn and spring. Salicin content ranged from 0.08 to 12.6%. Higher contents of active materials were determined in autumn and in 2-year-old willows. Certain willow taxa (Salix alba L., Salix mollissima L., Salix triandra L., Salix viminalis "Americana", Salix dasyclados L.) possessed extremely low salicin amounts. In the second year, analysis covered 32 willow species. Results indicated striking differences in salicin amounts (from 0.04% in Salix viminalis "Americana" to 12.06% in Salix acutifolia). Willow species, plant age, and season should be considered when collecting medicinal plant material. The amount of salicylates in 2-year-old willow bark collected in autumn exceeded by 25% that in 1-year-old willow bark collected in spring. Bark of some analyzed willow species contained the amount of salicylates too low for using as anti-inflammatory or antipyretic remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmyra Kenstaviciene
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Kaunas University of Medicine, A. Mickeviciaus 9, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania.
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Mani Senthil Kumar KT, Gorain B, Roy DK, Samanta SK, Pal M, Biswas P, Roy A, Adhikari D, Karmakar S, Sen T. Anti-inflammatory activity of Acanthus ilicifolius. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 120:7-12. [PMID: 18703126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Acanthus ilicifolius Linn, is a perennial herb (Acanthaceae) widely found in the Sundarban mangroves and is popularly used for its wound healing effects. In the present study an attempt was made to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the Acanthus ilicifolius leaves. The methanolic fraction of Acanthus ilicifolius leaf extract produced significant inhibition of rat paw oedema, when administered both prior to and after carrageenan administration, in a manner similar to BW755C a synthetic cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor. The extract decreased protein exudation and leukocyte migration in the peritoneal fluid, thereby indicating its effectiveness towards inhibiting peritoneal inflammation. It also produced significant inhibition of COX (1 and 2) and 5-LOX activity. Preincubation of the extract inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha and IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The methanolic fraction of the extract was also found to possess significant free radical (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide and hydroxyl radical) scavenging activity. The extract on intraperitoneal administration augmented the endogenous antioxidant status, as evident from the significant increase of ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and total peroxyl radical trapping activity of plasma (TRAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Mani Senthil Kumar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
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Li X, Liu Z, Zhang XF, Wang LJ, Zheng YN, Yuan CC, Sun GZ. Isolation and characterization of phenolic compounds from the leaves of Salix matsudana. Molecules 2008; 13:1530-7. [PMID: 18794770 PMCID: PMC6245188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioassay-guided in vitro screen has revealed that a 70% methanol extract of the leaves of Salix matsudana shows considerable inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2). A subsequent phytochemical study led to the isolation of a new flavonoid, matsudone A (1), together with five known flavonoids--luteolin (2), isoquercitrin (3), 7-methoxyflavone (4), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (5), 4',7-dihydroxyflavone (6)--and two phenolic glycosides, leonuriside A (7) and piceoside (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR studies, high resolution ESI mass spectroscopic analyses and comparisons with literature data. The isolated compounds 1-8 were tested for their inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2. Compounds 1, 5 and 6 were found to have potent inhibitory effect on COX-2 and compounds 3-5 exhibited moderate inhibition against COX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China; E-mails: (Xiang Li); (Li-juan Wang); (Yi-nan Zheng)
| | - Zhi Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Modernization, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China; E-mails: ;
| | - Xin-feng Zhang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China; E-mail:
| | - Li-juan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China; E-mails: (Xiang Li); (Li-juan Wang); (Yi-nan Zheng)
| | - Yi-nan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China; E-mails: (Xiang Li); (Li-juan Wang); (Yi-nan Zheng)
| | - Chang-chun Yuan
- Institute of Agricultural Modernization, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China; E-mails: ;
| | - Guang-zhi Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Modernization, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P.R. China; E-mails: ;
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Hegazy MEF, Ohta S, Abdel-Latif FF, Albadry HA, Ohta E, Paré PW, Hirata T. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 inhibitory labdane diterpenes from Crassocephalum mannii. J Nat Prod 2008; 71:1070-1073. [PMID: 18473477 DOI: 10.1021/np800017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two new labdane diterpenes, 8alpha,19-dihydroxylabd-13 E-en-15-oic acid (1) and 13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdane-8alpha,12,14-triol (2), as well as an acetylated derivative, 8alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyllabd-13 E-ene-15,19-diol-8alpha-2',3',4',6'-hexaacetate (3a), were isolated from the aerial parts of Crassocephalum mannii. The structures of 1, 2, and 3a were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. Selective inhibitory activity for 1 and 2 and their acetate derivatives, 1a and 2a, against cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plant Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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39
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Viegas C, Silva DHS, Pivatto M, de Rezende A, Castro-Gambôa I, Bolzani VS, Nair MG. Lipoperoxidation and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitory piperidine alkaloids from Cassia spectabilis green fruits. J Nat Prod 2007; 70:2026-2028. [PMID: 18047293 DOI: 10.1021/np070312g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical work in the search for bioactive metabolites from the methanolic extract of Senna spectabilis green fruits led to the isolation of a new piperidine alkaloid, (+)-3- O-feruloylcassine ( 1), in addition to the known (-)-spectaline ( 2) and (-)-3- O-acetylspectaline ( 3). The isolates were submitted to in vitro evaluation of lipoperoxidation (LPO) and cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and -2) inhibitory properties and showed moderate antioxidant activities (40-70%) at 100 ppm when compared to commercial standards BHT and vitamin E and moderate inhibition of COX-1 (ca . 40%) and marginal inhibition of COX-2 enzymes (<10%) at 100 ppm when compared to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin, rofecoxib, and celecoxib, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Viegas
- Instituto de Química, UNESP São Paulo State University, CP 355, CEP 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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40
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Sato I, Kofujita H, Tsuda S. Identification of COX inhibitors in the hexane extract of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata) seeds. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:709-12. [PMID: 17675801 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata) seed extract inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX), but its active constituents have not been identified. In the present study, COX inhibitors were isolated from the hexane extract of this seed by means of 4 steps of liquid chromatography and were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The COX inhibitors in the extract of Japanese horse chestnut seeds were identified as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and oleic acid. Their efficacies were in the following order: linolenic acid = linoleic acid > oleic acid. These active constituents are C18 unsaturated fatty acids; stearic acid, a C18 saturated fatty acid, had no activity. Linolenic acid and linoleic acid had high selectivity toward COX-2 (selectivity index = 10), whereas oleic acid had no selectivity. Considering the efficacy and yield of each fatty acid, linoleic acid may be the principal COX inhibitor in this seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan.
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41
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Gale GA, Kirtikara K, Pittayakhajonwut P, Sivichai S, Thebtaranonth Y, Thongpanchang C, Vichai V. In search of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and anti-malarial drugs from Thai flora and microbes. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 115:307-51. [PMID: 17692387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Malaria continues to be a major infectious disease of the developing world and the problem is compounded not only by the emergence of drug resistant strains but also from a lack of a vaccine. The situation for tuberculosis (TB) infection is equally problematic. Once considered a "treatable" disease for which eradication was predicted, TB has re-emerged as highly lethal, multi-drug resistant strains after the outbreak of AIDS. Worldwide, the disease causes millions of deaths annually. Similarly, treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis have been impeded due to the potentially lethal side effects of the new and widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds. Thais have utilized bioresources from plants and some microorganisms for medicine for thousands of years. Because of the need for new drugs to fight malaria and TB, with radically different chemical structures and mode of actions other than existing drugs, efforts have been directed towards searching for new drugs from bioresources. This is also true for anti-inflammatories. Although Thailand is considered species-rich, only a small number of potential bioresources has been investigated. This article briefly describes the pathogenesis of 2 infectious diseases, malaria and TB, and modern medicines employed in chemotherapy. Diversities of Thai flora and fungi and their chemical constituents with antagonistic properties against these 2 diseases are described in detail. Similarly, anti-inflammatory compounds, mostly cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, are also described herein to demonstrate the potential of Thai bioresources to provide a wide array of compounds for treatment of diseases of a different nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Gale
- King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, School of Bioresources and Technology, Conservation Ecology Program, 83 Moo 8, Thakham, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok, Thailand
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42
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Prior RM, Lundgaard NH, Light ME, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Jäger AK. The polyacetylene falcarindiol with COX-1 activity isolated from Aegopodium podagraria L. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 113:176-8. [PMID: 17574359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of Aegopodium podagraria L. were screened in vitro for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitory activity. The isolation of the active compound falcarindiol was achieved by bioassay-guided fractionation. The identification of the active compound was confirmed by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. The IC(50)-value of falcarindiol was 0.3 microM in the COX-1 assay. A quantitative determination of the seasonal variation in the content of falcarindiol in different plant parts was carried out by HPLC analysis. The flowers from Aegopodium podagraria collected in June 2006 had the highest concentration of falcarindiol (88 mg/g plant material).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke M Prior
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
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43
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Chang MC, Uang BJ, Tsai CY, Wu HL, Lin BR, Lee CS, Chen YJ, Chang CH, Tsai YL, Kao CJ, Jeng JH. Hydroxychavicol, a novel betel leaf component, inhibits platelet aggregation by suppression of cyclooxygenase, thromboxane production and calcium mobilization. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:73-82. [PMID: 17641677 PMCID: PMC1978281 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Platelet hyperactivity is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Betel leaf (PBL) is consumed by 200-600 million betel quid chewers in the world. Hydroxychavicol (HC), a betel leaf component, was tested for its antiplatelet effect. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested the effect of HC on platelet aggregation, thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, ex vivo platelet aggregation and mouse bleeding time and platelet plug formation in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of HC in rats was also assessed. KEY RESULTS HC inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and TXB(2) production. HC inhibited the thrombin-induced TXB(2) production, but not platelet aggregation. SQ29548, suppressed collagen- and thrombin-induced TXB(2) production, but not thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. HC also suppressed COX-1/COX-2 enzyme activity and the AA-induced ROS production and Ca(2+) mobilization. HC further inhibited the ex vivo platelet aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (>100 nmole/mouse) and prolonged platelet plug formation (>300 nmole/mouse) in mesenteric microvessels, but showed little effect on bleeding time in mouse tail. Moreover, pharmacokinetics analysis found that more than 99% of HC was metabolized within 3 min of administration in Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HC is a potent COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, ROS scavenger and inhibits platelet calcium signaling, TXB(2) production and aggregation. HC could be a potential therapeutic agent for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases through its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects, without effects on haemostatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - B J Uang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University Hsin-chu, Taiwan
| | - C Y Tsai
- Development Center for Biotechnology Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H L Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University Hsin-chu, Taiwan
| | - B R Lin
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C S Lee
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y J Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y L Tsai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C J Kao
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang-Gung Institute of Technology Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - J H Jeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University Medical College Taipei, Taiwan
- Author for correspondence:
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Calixto NO, da Costa e Silva MC, Gayer CRM, Coelho MGP, Paes MC, Todeschini AR. Antiplatelet activity of geranylgeraniol isolated from Pterodon pubescens fruit oil is mediated by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1. Planta Med 2007; 73:480-3. [PMID: 17443436 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Geranylgeraniol is a natural isoprenoid with anti-inflammatory properties extracted from the Pterodon pubescens Benth. fruit oil (PpO). In this work, the antiplatelet effect of both PpO and geranylgeraniol is investigated. ADP-, thrombin- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation in human and rabbit platelets showed a prime involvement of PpO and geranylgeraniol in the arachidonic acid cascade. The lack of any significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by U-46 619 and thrombin, associated with PpO and geranylgeraniol suppression of prostaglandin E(2) and thromboxane A(2) formation demonstrate, for the first time, the involvement of geranylgeraniol in the AA metabolisation by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivea Oliveira Calixto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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45
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Silva DHS, Zhang Y, Santos LA, Bolzani VS, Nair MG. Lipoperoxidation and cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 inhibitory compounds from Iryanthera juruensis. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:2569-74. [PMID: 17335225 DOI: 10.1021/jf063451x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants from Iryanthera genus have been traditionally used as food supplements by South American Indians. The MeOH extract of leaves of Iryanthera juruensis, one of the plants endemic to the Amazon region and consumed in Brazil, and the hexane extract from its seeds inhibited lipid peroxidation (LPO) and cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and -2)) enzymes in in vitro assays. Further analyses of these extracts yielded 5-deoxyflavones (1-5) from the leaf extract and sargachromenol (6), sargaquinoic acid (7), a novel juruenolic acid (8), omega-arylalkanoic acids (9a-c), and the lignan guaiacin (10) from the seed extract. Compounds 3-5 inhibited LPO by 86%, 77%, and 88% at 10 ppm, respectively, and compounds 6 and 9a-c showed inhibition at 76% and 78% at 100 ppm, respectively. However, compounds 7 and 8 were inactive and lignan 10 exhibited LPO inhibitory activity by 99% at 100 ppm compared to commercial antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and vitamin E. The flavones 1-5 also inhibited COX-1 and -2 enzymes by 50-65% at 100 ppm. Compound 6 showed high but nonselective inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, when compared to aspirin and Celebrex, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Compounds 7 and 10 inhibited COX-1 by 60% and 65% and COX-2 by 37% and 18%, respectively, whereas compounds 8 and 9a-c showed little or no activity against these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce H S Silva
- São Paulo State University, C.P. 355, CEP 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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46
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Abstract
An in vitro bioassay-guide revealed that the methanol (MeOH) extract of the stem bark of Populus davidiana showed considerable inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2). Continuous phytochemical study of the MeOH extract of this plant led to the isolation of ten flavonoids; sakuranetin (1), rhamnocitrin (2), 7-O-methylaromadendrin (3), naringenin (4), eriodictyol (5), aromadendrin (6), kaempferol (7), neosakuranin (8), sakuranin (9) and sakurenetin-5,4'-di-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10). Their structures were identified on the basis of their physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds, 1-10, were tested for their inhibitory activities against COX-1 and COX-2. Compound 7 was found to have potent inhibitory effect on COX-1 and a moderate effect on COX-2, meanwhile, compounds 1-6 showed moderate inhibition against COX-1 only. Moreover, compounds 5-8 exhibited suppressive effects on xanthine oxidase (XO). These results may explain, in part, the traditional uses of P. davidiana in ethnomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinFeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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47
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Shao B, Guo H, Cui Y, Ye M, Han J, Guo D. Steroidal saponins from Smilax china and their anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochemistry 2007; 68:623-30. [PMID: 17166529 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins, 1, 2, 3 and 4, were isolated from the BuOH extract of Smilax china L., along with 13 known compounds, 5-17. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses and chemical evidence. In the bioassay tests, all compounds showed inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2) activities at final concentration of 10(-5) M, and only compound 5 showed an inhibitory effect on production of TNFalpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) in murine peritoneal macrophages at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shao
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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48
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Wang J, Zou K, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wu J, Zhou Y, Dan F, Zhang Y. An 18-Norspirostanol Saponin with Inhibitory Action against COX-2 Production from the Underground Part of Trillium tschonoskii. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:679-81. [PMID: 17409572 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel 18-norspirostanol saponin (1), along with Trillenoside A (2), was obtained from the underground parts of Trillium tschonoskii MAXIM., collected in Shennongjia Forest District, China. Based on the chemical and spectroscopic evidences, their structures were determined as shown in Fig. 1. 1 and 2 displayed marked inhibitory action towards COX-2 production in macrophagocytes of the mouse abdominal cavity stimulated by LPS at 10 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, P.R. China
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49
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Subbaraju GV, Vanisree M, Rao CV, Sivaramakrishna C, Sridhar P, Jayaprakasam B, Nair MG. Ashwagandhanolide, a bioactive dimeric thiowithanolide isolated from the roots of Withania somnifera. J Nat Prod 2006; 69:1790-2. [PMID: 17190461 DOI: 10.1021/np060147p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new dimeric withanolide, ashwagandhanolide (1), was isolated from the roots of an Ayurvedic medicinal herb, Withania somnifera. A detailed spectroscopic evaluation revealed its identity as a dimer with an unusual thioether linkage. Compound 1 displayed growth inhibition against human gastric (AGS), breast (MCF-7), central nervous system (SF-268), colon (HCT-116), and lung (NCI H460) cancer cell lines, with IC50 values in the range 0.43-1.48 microg/mL. In addition, it inhibited lipid peroxidation and the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in vitro.
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50
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Kim SJ, Jin M, Lee E, Moon TC, Quan Z, Yang JH, Son KH, Kim KU, Son JK, Chang HW. Effects of methyl gallate on arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes: Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:874-8. [PMID: 17121182 DOI: 10.1007/bf02973908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Methyl gallate (MG) is a medicinal herbal product that is isolated from Paeonia lactiflora that inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent phases of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) generation in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 values of 17.0 microM. This compound also found inhibited the COX-2-dependent conversion of the exogenous arachidonic acid to PGD2 in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 values of 19.0 microM, using a COX enzyme assay kit. However, at concentrations up to 80 microM, MG did not inhibit COX-2 protein expression in BMMC, indicating that MG inhibits COX-2 activity directly. Furthermore, MG consistently inhibited the production of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in a dose dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 5.3 microM. These results demonstrate that MG has a dual cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity, which might provide the basis for novel anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jong Kim
- Research Institute of Natural Product Kyongbuk Provincial A T A, Uisung 769-803, Korea
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