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Paosupap J, Basit A, Sajomsang W, Nalinbejapun S, Sripetthong S, Ovatlarnporn C. Evaluation of the antifungal properties of nanoliposomes containing rhinacanthin-C isolated from the leaves of Rhinacanthus nasutus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:129. [PMID: 38459287 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a challenging threat to the human health. Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum are pathogenic fungi causing various topical mycoses in humans. The globally emerging issue of resistance to fungi demands the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this context, the application of nanoliposomes as vehicles for carrying active therapeutic agents can be a suitable alternative. In this study, rhinacanthin-C was isolated from Rhinacanthus naustus and encapsulated in nano-liposomal formulations, which were prepared by the modified ethanol injection method. The two best formulations composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), cholesterol (CHL), and tween 80 (T80) in a molar ratio of 1:1:0 (F1) and 1:1:0.5 (F2) were proceeded for experimentation. The physical characteristics and antifungal activities were performed and compared with solutions of rhinacanthin-C. The rhinacanthin-C encapsulating efficiencies in F1 and F2 were 94.69 ± 1.20% and 84.94 ± 1.32%, respectively. The particle sizes were found to be about 221.4 ± 13.76 nm (F1) and 115.8 ± 23.33 nm (F2), and zeta potential values of -38.16 mV (F1) and -40.98 mV (F2). Similarly, the stability studies of rhinacanthin-C in liposomes demonstrated that rhinacanthin-C in both formulations was more stable in mediums with pH of 4.0 and 6.6 than pure rhinacanthin-C when stored at the same conditions. Rhinacanthin-C in F1 was slightly more stable than F2 when stored in mediums with a pH of 10.0 after three months of storage. However, rhinacanthin-C in both formulations was less stable than pure rhinacanthin-C in a basic medium of pH 10.0. The antifungal potential was evaluated against M. gypsum and T. rubrum. The findings revealed a comparatively higher zone of inhibition for F1. In the MIC study, SPC: CHL: T80 showed higher inhibition against M. gypseum and a slightly higher inhibition against T. rubrum compared to free rhinacanthin-C solution. Moreover, rhinacanthin-C showed significant interaction against 14α-demethylase in in silico study. Overall, this study demonstrates that nanoliposomes containing rhinacanthin-C can improve the stability and antifungal potential of rhinacanthin-C with sustained and prolonged duration of action and could be a promising vehicle for delivery of active ingredients for targeting various fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirasak Paosupap
- Department of Research and Development, Able Medical Company Limited, Chiang Yuen, Mahasarakham 44160, Thailand
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
| | - Warayuth Sajomsang
- Nano-Encapsulation Units, National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirinporn Nalinbejapun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Sasikarn Sripetthong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Chitchamai Ovatlarnporn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
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Mahmod II, Ismail IS, Normi YM, Chong SG. Protective effect of Clinacanthus nutans in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity on human kidney cell (PCS-400-010) elucidated by an LCMS-based metabolomics approach. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5750. [PMID: 37778127 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity has been widely reported in numerous studies. The objective of this study is to assess the potential nephroprotective effects of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau (Acanthaceae) leaf extracts on human kidney cells (PCS-400-010) in vitro using an LCMS-based metabolomics approach. Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis identified 16 significantly altered metabolites when comparing the control and pre-treated C. nutans cisplatin-induced groups. These metabolites were found to be associated with glycerophospholipid, purine, and amino acid metabolism, as well as the glycolysis pathway. Pre-treatment with C. nutans aqueous extract (125 μg/mL) for 24 h, followed by 48 h of cisplatin induction in PCS-400-010 cells, demonstrated a nephroprotective effect, particularly involving the regulation of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Iryani Mahmod
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yahaya M Normi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siok-Geok Chong
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chiangchin S, Thongyim S, Pandith H, Kaewkod T, Tragoolpua Y, Inta A, Watthana S, Pongamornkul W, Jangsutthivorawat S, Panya A. Clinacanthus nutans genetic diversity and its association with anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19566. [PMID: 37949910 PMCID: PMC10638387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau has been extensively utilized in Thai folk medicine. However, there has been no prior exploration of its genetic diversity or its correlation with biological activity and phytochemical profiles. Herein, a total of 10 samples of C. nutans were collected from different geographic locations in different environments of Thailand, encompassing Northern, Northeastern, and Central regions. The genetic diversity study using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers showed that all C. nutans samples were closely related, as indicated by UPGMA cluster analysis. When comparing the biological activities of C. nutans extracts, our findings demonstrated that those sourced from Northern Thailand exhibited the most potent activity in reducing lipopolysaccharide-inducing cell death, as accessed by cell viability assay. Furthermore, they showed remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of phytochemical profiles revealed consistent chromatography peak patterns across all C. nutans extracts. However, they exhibited varying levels of phenolic contents, as judged by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, which positively correlated with their observed activities. In conclusion, this study highlights the limited genetic variation within C. nutans population in Thailand. Furthermore, it underscores the association between the biological activity and the total phenolic contents which might be mainly impacted by environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinee Chiangchin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239, Hauy Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Saruda Thongyim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239, Hauy Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- National Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Hataichanok Pandith
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239, Hauy Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Thida Kaewkod
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239, Hauy Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- National Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239, Hauy Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- National Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Angkhana Inta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239, Hauy Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Santi Watthana
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | | | - Siriphorn Jangsutthivorawat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239, Hauy Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239, Hauy Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- National Extracts and Innovative Products for Alternative Healthcare Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Sharma A, Kumar A, Singh AK, Singh H, Kumar KJ, Kumar P. Phytochemical Profiling and Pharmacological Evaluation of Leaf Extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L.: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300495. [PMID: 37539766 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to appraise the photoprotective, antioxidant, and antibacterial bioactivities of Ruellia tuberosa leaves extracts (RtPE, RtChl, RtEA, RtAc, RtMe, and RtHMe). The results showed that, RtHMe extracts of R. tuberosa was rich in total phenolic content, i. e., 1.60 mgGAE/g dry extract, while highest total flavonoid content was found in RtAc extract, i. e., 0.40 mgQE/g. RtMe showed effective antioxidant activity (%RSA: 58.16) at the concentration of 120 μL. RtMe, RtEA and RtHMe exhibited effective in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). In silico docking studies revealed that paucifloside (-11.743 kcal/mol), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (-7.519 kcal/mol), nuomioside (-7.275 kcal/mol), isocassifolioside (-6.992 kcal/mol) showed best docking score against PDB ID 2EX8 [penicillin binding protein 4 (dacB) from Escherichia coli, complexed with penicillin-G], PDB ID 6CQA (E. coli dihydrofolate reductase protein complexed with inhibitor AMPQD), PDB ID 2Y2I [Penicillin-binding protein 1B in complex with an alkyl boronate (ZA3)] and PDB ID 2OLV (from S. aureus), respectively. Docked phytochemicals also showed good drug likeness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India-, 151401
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India-, 835215
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India-, 151401
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India-, 151401
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India-, 151401
| | - K Jayaram Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India-, 835215
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India-, 151401
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Tchegnitegni Toussie B, Nguengang RT, Mawabo IK, Teponno RB, Kezetas Bankeu JJ, Chouna JR, Nkenfou CN, Tapondjou LA, Sewald N, Lenta BN. Bioactive Arylnaphthalide Lignans from Justicia depauperata. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:2731-2739. [PMID: 36469853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Eleven previously undescribed arylnaphthalide lignans (1-11) together with seven known compounds were isolated from the whole plant of Justicia depauperata. The structures of 1-11 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry. Compounds 6 (IC50 = 4.1 μM) and 9 (IC50 = 9.5 μM) displayed cytotoxic activity against the KB-3-1 cervical carcinoma cell line. This report provides an insight into the conformational equilibria occurring in the arylnaphthalide lignan constituents of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Tchegnitegni Toussie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ruland Tchuinkeu Nguengang
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Isabelle Kamga Mawabo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Rémy Bertrand Teponno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jean Jules Kezetas Bankeu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Jean Rodolphe Chouna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Celine Ngeufeu Nkenfou
- Department of Biology, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Léon Azefack Tapondjou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Ismail NZ, Md Saad S, Adebayo IA, Md Toha Z, Abas R, Mohamad Zain NN, Arsad H. The antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of Clinacanthus nutans against human breast cancer cells through targeted apoptosis pathway. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:81685-81702. [PMID: 35737268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans dichloromethane fraction (CN-Dcm) extract has previously been proven to suppress breast cancer (MCF7) cell proliferation. Despite this, the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis mechanisms involved in C. nutans extract-treated MCF7 cells are still unknown. This study was intended to subfractionate CN-Dcm extract using column chromatography and analyse the treated MCF7 cells using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation (MTS) assay, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay, western blot, and reverse transcription-qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Out of nine subfraction extracts (SF1 to SF9), SF2 extract strongly inhibited MCF7 cells with the lowest IC50 value (23.51 ± 1.00 µg/mL) and substantially induced apoptosis in the MCF7 cells. In treated MCF7 cells, SF2 extract significantly upregulated the expression of P53, BAX, BID, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, while downregulating the expression of BCL2. The presence of potential bioactive chemical compounds in the SF2 extract was identified using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Thus, the SF2 extract has the potential to induce apoptosis in MCF7 cells through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Zafirah Ismail
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Salwani Md Saad
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Abiola Adebayo
- Department of Clinical Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Analystical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Zaleha Md Toha
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Rafedah Abas
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Hasni Arsad
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Kepala Batas, Malaysia.
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Ng KS, Tan SA, Bok CY, Loh KE, Ismail IS, Yue CS, Loke CF. Metabolomic Approach for Rapid Identification of Antioxidants in Clinacanthus nutans Leaves with Liver Protective Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123650. [PMID: 35744776 PMCID: PMC9230150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are currently utilized to prevent the occurrence of liver cancer in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Clinacanthus nutans possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that could be an ideal therapy for liver problems. The objective of this study is to determine the potential antioxidative compounds from the C. nutans leaves (CNL) and stems (CNS). Chemical- and cell-based antioxidative assays were utilized to evaluate the bioactivities of CNS and CNL. The NMR metabolomics approach assisted in the identification of contributing phytocompounds. Based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, CNL demonstrated stronger radical scavenging potential as compared to CNS. The leaf extract also recorded slightly higher reducing power properties. A HepG2 cell model system was used to investigate the ROS reduction potential of these extracts. It was shown that cells treated with CNL and CNS reduced innate ROS levels as compared to untreated controls. Interestingly, cells pre-treated with both extracts were also able to decrease ROS levels in cells induced with oxidative stress. CNL was again the better antioxidant. According to multivariate data analysis of the 1H NMR results, the main metabolites postulated to contribute to the antioxidant and hepatoprotective abilities of leaves were clinacoside B, clinacoside C and isoschaftoside, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song Ng
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - Sheri-Ann Tan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - Chui Yin Bok
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - Khye Er Loh
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chen Son Yue
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - Chui Fung Loke
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
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Ong WY, Herr DR, Sun GY, Lin TN. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phytochemical Components of Clinacanthus nutans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113607. [PMID: 35684542 PMCID: PMC9182488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the ethnomedicinal use of Clinacanthus nutans suggest promising anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and antiviral properties for this plant. Extraction of the leaves with polar and nonpolar solvents has yielded many C-glycosyl flavones, including schaftoside, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin. Aside from studies with different extracts, there is increasing interest to understand the properties of these components, especially regarding their ability to exert anti-inflammatory effects on cells and tissues. A major focus for this review is to obtain information on the effects of C. nutans extracts and its phytochemical components on inflammatory signaling pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system. Particular emphasis is placed on their role to target the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-kB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the antioxidant defense pathway involving nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1); and the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) pathway linking to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of eicosanoids. The ability to provide a better understanding of the molecular targets and mechanism of action of C. nutans extracts and their phytochemical components should encourage future studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for better use of this herb to combat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore;
| | - Grace Y. Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
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Kusumawati I, Rullyansyah S, Rizka AF, Hestianah EP, Matsunami K. Histomorphometric study of ethanolic extract of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. leaves on croton oil-induced hemorrhoid mice: A Javanese traditional anti-hemorrhoid herb. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 284:114765. [PMID: 34688799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff., known as "handeuleum" in West Java and "Daun Ungu" in Indonesia, is traditionally used to cure hemorrhoids. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to prove its effectiveness scientifically using anorectal histological parameters in Croton oil-induced hemorrhoid mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo tests were performed by observing histomorphologic changes in mice anorectal tissue induced by croton oil. In addition, in vitro assay was performed for evaluating antioxidant activity, astringency property, and hemostasis-associated activity. The antioxidant activity was measured using a DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents were also determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS The in vivo assay showed that the oral-topical combination use of the ethanolic extract of G. pictum leaves demonstrated significant improvement on the croton oil-induced anorectal damage better than the single application by oral or topical application. CONCLUSION These results showed that G. pictum has potent anti hemorrhoid activity, especially for the combinational use of oral and topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idha Kusumawati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60155, East Java, Indonesia; Natural Product Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60155, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Subhan Rullyansyah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60155, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Aisyah Farah Rizka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60155, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah
- Veterinary Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Airlangga University, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60155, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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Tri MD, Phat NT, Trung NT, Phan CTD, Minh PN, Chi MT, Nguyen TP, Dang CH, Hong Truong L, Pham NKT, Mai TTN, Duong TH. A new 26-norlanostane from Phlogacanthus turgidus growing in Vietnam. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2022; 24:196-202. [PMID: 33876656 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1913125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation on chloroform extract of Phlogacanthus turgidus led to the isolation of one new compound namely turgidol, together with five known triterpenoids, lupeol, lupenone, betulin, betulinic acid, and taraxerol. Their structures and stereochemistry have been determined by 1 D and 2 D NMR analysis, high resolution mass spectrometry, and compared with those in literatures. The relative configuration of turgidol was defined using DFT-NMR chemical shift calculations and subsequent DP4+ probability method. Turgidol, betulin, and betulinic acid were evaluated for cytotoxic activity toward K562 cancer cell line and the alpha-glucosidase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Dinh Tri
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ha noi 11355, Vietnam
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71515, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tan Phat
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ha noi 11355, Vietnam
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71515, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Trung
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon 55100, Vietnam
| | - Cam-Tu D Phan
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon 55100, Vietnam
| | - Phan Nhat Minh
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71515, Vietnam
| | - Mai Thanh Chi
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ha noi 11355, Vietnam
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71515, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Phuong Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 72806, Vietnam
| | - Chi Hien Dang
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Ha noi 11355, Vietnam
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71515, Vietnam
| | - Luu Hong Truong
- Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 71515, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Kim Tuyen Pham
- Faculty of Environmental Science, Sai Gon University, Ho Chi Minh City 72711, Vietnam
| | - Trần Thị Ngọc Mai
- Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh city 72324, Vietnam
| | - Thuc-Huy Duong
- Department of Chemistry, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City 72711, Vietnam
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11
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Singh R, Dhiman M, Saklani A, Immanuel Selvaraj C, Kate AS. Isolation and characterization of a novel flavanone glycoside from an endemic plant Haplanthodes neilgherryensis. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2022; 24:96-101. [PMID: 33555214 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1880394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical characterization study of an endemic plant, Haplanthodes neilgherryensisis (Wight) R.B. Majumdar from Western Ghats of India, resulted in to the isolation of a new flavanone glycoside, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2S-flavanone (1), along with 3 known flavonoids, 7-O-methyl dihydrowogonin (2), 7-O-methyl wogonin (3), andrographidine C (4). The structure of 1 was elucidated by using 1 D and 2 D NMR and HRMS experimental data, while for the known compounds, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry data were compared with the reported literature. Compound 1 was tested in vitro to check the improvement in uptake of glucose by the L6 rat skeletal muscle tissues and the observed EC50 value was 5.8 µM, while rosiglitazone showed EC50 of 2.7 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Singh
- Natural Products-Botany, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai 400070, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Mini Dhiman
- Natural Products-Bioactivity Lab, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai 400070, India
| | - Arvind Saklani
- Natural Products-Botany, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai 400070, India
| | - C Immanuel Selvaraj
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abhijeet S Kate
- Natural Products-Bioactivity Lab, Piramal Enterprises Ltd, Mumbai 400070, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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Ahmad B, Khan MR, Shah NA, Khan RA. In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic manifestations of Dicliptera roxburghiana. Pak J Pharm Sci 2022; 35:29-34. [PMID: 35221269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging resistance in microorganisms is a growing threat to human beings due to its role in pathological manifestations in different infectious diseases. This study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of methanol extract of Dicliptera roxburghiana and all its derived fractions. Antibacterial (against six bacterial strains) and antifungal (against four fungal strains) activities were investigated by agar well diffusion method and agar slants method, respectively. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out by using Brine shrimps eggs. In antibacterial evaluation, MIC values and zone of inhibition were measured and were found very effective for DRME, DRHF, DRCF and DREF while these were moderate for DRBF and DRAF. For antifungal assay, DRME and DRHF were potently active and showed more than 70% fungal growth inhibition where as DRCF and DRBF were also displaying appreciable inhibition. Cytotoxic measurements were very good for DRME, DRHF and DRAF with LD50 values 215, 199 and 392µg/ml respectively. These results confirmed antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of the plant and all its derived fractions. Hence it can be concluded that plant contain some important compounds that can be used as antimicrobial source for the treatment of different infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Naseer Ali Shah
- Department of BioSciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bannu University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
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Chia TY, Gan CY, Murugaiyah V, Hashmi SF, Fatima T, Ibrahim L, Abdulla MH, Alswailmi FK, Johns EJ, Ahmad A. A Narrative Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potentials of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Leaves as an Alternative Source of Future Medicine. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010139. [PMID: 35011371 PMCID: PMC8746928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of natural products and supplements has expanded tremendously over the past few decades. Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans), which is affiliated to the Acanthaceae family, has recently caught the interest of researchers from the countries of subtropical Asia due to its medicinal uses in alternative treatment for skin infection conditions due to insect bites, microorganism infections and cancer, as well as for health well-being. A number of bioactive compounds from this plant's extract, namely phenolic compounds, sulphur containing compounds, sulphur containing glycosides compounds, terpens-tripenoids, terpens-phytosterols and chlorophyll-related compounds possess high antioxidant activities. This literature search yielded about one hundred articles which were then further documented, including the valuable data and findings obtained from all accessible electronic searches and library databases. The promising pharmacological activities from C. nutans leaves extract, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-venom, analgesic and anti-nociceptive properties were meticulously dissected. Moreover, the authors also discuss a few of the pharmacological aspect of C. nutans leaves extracts against anti-hyperlipidemia, vasorelaxation and renoprotective activities, which are seldom available from the previously discussed review papers. From the aspect of toxicological studies, controversial findings have been reported in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Thus, further investigations on their phytochemical compounds and their mode of action showing pharmacological activities are required to fully grasp both traditional usage and their suitability for future drugs development. Data related to therapeutic activity and the constituents of C. nutans leaves were searched by using the search engines Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, and accepting literature reported between 2010 to present. On the whole, this review paper compiles all the available contemporary data from this subtropical herb on its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities with a view towards garnering further interest in exploring its use in cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yong Chia
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Chee Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11900, Penang, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (C.Y.G.); (A.A.); Tel.: +966-504309874 (A.A.)
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Lebuh Bukit Jambul 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Syed F. Hashmi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Green House Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA;
| | - Tabinda Fatima
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (T.F.); (F.K.A.)
| | - Lazhari Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13275, Libya;
| | - Mohammed H. Abdulla
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College of Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (M.H.A.); (E.J.J.)
| | - Farhan Khashim Alswailmi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (T.F.); (F.K.A.)
| | - Edward James Johns
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College of Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (M.H.A.); (E.J.J.)
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (T.F.); (F.K.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.G.); (A.A.); Tel.: +966-504309874 (A.A.)
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14
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Azemi AK, Mokhtar SS, Sharif SET, Rasool AHG. Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:1432-1440. [PMID: 34693870 PMCID: PMC8553363 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1990357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Atherosclerosis predisposes individuals to adverse cardiovascular events. Clinacanthus nutans L. (Acanthaceae) is a traditional remedy used for diabetes and inflammatory conditions. OBJECTIVES To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic activity of a C. nutans leaf methanol extract (CNME) in a type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: non-diabetic fed a standard diet (C), C + CNME (500 mg/kg, orally), diabetic fed an HFD (DM), DM + CNME (500 mg/kg), and DM + Metformin (DM + Met; 300 mg/kg). Treatment with oral CNME and metformin was administered for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, atherogenic index (AI), aortic tissue superoxide dismutase levels (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. The rats' aortas were stained for histological analysis and intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. RESULTS The CNME-treated diabetic rats had reduced serum total cholesterol (43.74%; p = 0.0031), triglycerides (80.91%; p = 0.0003), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (56.64%; p = 0.0008), AI (51.32%; p < 0.0001), MDA (60.74%; p = 0.0026), TNF-α (61.78%; p = 0.0002), and IMT (39.35%; p < 0.0001) compared to untreated diabetic rats. SOD level, however, increased (53.36%; p = 0.0326). These CNME effects were comparable to those in the metformin-treated diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS C. nutans possesses anti-atherosclerotic properties, which may be due to reductions in vascular tissue oxidative stress, inflammation, and serum AI. Continued studies on atherosclerotic animal models are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- CONTACT Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool ; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Akbar S, Ishtiaq S, Jahangir M, Elhady SS, Bogari HA, Alahdal AM, Ashour ML, Youssef FS. Evaluation of The Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities of Dicliptera bupleuroides Isolated Compounds Using In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237196. [PMID: 34885777 PMCID: PMC8659019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of chloroform fraction (DBC) and ethyl acetate fraction (DBE) of D. bupleuroides (Acanthaceae) resulted in the isolation of β-sitosterol (1) from DBC and vanillic acid (2) from DBE, which were first to be isolated from D. bupleuroides. β-Sitosterol (1) exhibited substantial antioxidant activity (IC50 = 198.87 µg/mL), whereas vanillic acid (2) showed significant antioxidant power (IC50 = 92.68 µg/mL) employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) radical scavenging capacity assay. Both compounds showed pronounced antimicrobial activity using the agar disc diffusion method, particularly against fungi showing MIC values of 0.182 and 0.02 concerning Candida albicans, respectively, and 0.001 mg/mL regarding Penicillium notatum. They revealed considerable antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging between 0.467 and 0.809 mg/mL. Vanillic acid (2) exhibited substantial anticancer potential displaying 48.67% cell viability at a concentration of 100 μg/mL using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl-2H-Tetrazolium Bromide) assay concerning HepG2 cell lines. These results were further consolidated by in silico studies on different enzymes, where vanillic acid displayed a high fitting score in the active pockets of DNA-gyrase, dihydrofolate reductase, aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase, and β-lactamase. It also inhibited human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK-2) and DNA topoisomerase II, as revealed by the in silico studies. ADME/TOPKAT (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) prediction showed that vanillic acid exhibited reasonable pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties and, thus, could perfectly together with D. bupleuroides crude extract be incorporated in pharmaceutical preparations to counteract cancer and microbial invasion, as well as oxidative stress. Thus, it is concluded that D. bupleroides could be a potential source of therapeutically active compounds, which would be helpful for the discovery of clinically effective and safe drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Akbar
- Department of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 05422, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.I.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Department of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 05422, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.I.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanin A. Bogari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.B.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdelrahman M. Alahdal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.B.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.I.); (M.L.A.)
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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Siwe GT, Maharjan R, Amang AP, Mezui C, Zondegoumba NE, Enow-Orock GE, Choudhary MI, Tan PV. Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. counteracts the delaying effect of indomethacin on Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastric ulcers healing. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 279:114374. [PMID: 34181961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Information collected from local traditional healers reported that Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. has for a long time been used to manage gastric ulcers in many regions of Cameroon and beyond. This traditional use is supported by numerous studies. However, efficacy of this plant has never been tested in case of chronic gastric ulcers associating Helicobacter pylori infection. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate curative effects of the aqueous extract of E. speciosa leaves (AEESL) against chronic gastric ulcers associated to Helicobacter pylori infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two experimental methods of chronic gastric ulcers, involving H. pylori infection, were performed using Wistar rats, namely: acetic acid-induced ulcers and "unhealed ulcers". E. speciosa extract was tested at three doses (100; 200; 400 mg/kg) and at the end of experiments, some in vivo antioxidant parameters were measured, bacterial load in stomach tissue calculated and histopathological examinations performed. RESULTS E. speciosa reduced ulcer index at all the doses and significantly increased mucus production as well as antioxidant (mainly SOD and GSH) level. Bacterial load in stomach significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in extract-treated groups (200 and 400 mg/kg) as confirmed by histopathological observations. The extract was found to be non toxic to healthy and cancerous cells (IC50 > 1000 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS E. speciosa accelerated healing of gastric ulcers even in presence of indomethacin, while decreasing bacterial loads in rats' stomachs. These results provide supplementary support to the use of E. speciosa in ethnomedicine and open new perspectives regarding development of a herbal-based monotherapy able to efficiently replace/supplement standard antiulcer tri/quadritherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Tchokomeni Siwe
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, P.O. Box 75270, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Rukesh Maharjan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, P.O. Box 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - André Perfusion Amang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Christophe Mezui
- Department of Animal Biology, Higher Teacher Training College, ENS, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - George Enonchong Enow-Orock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, P.O. Box 75270, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Vernyuy Tan
- Department of Animal Biology & Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Narayanan M, Gopi A, Natarajan D, Kandasamy S, Saravanan M, El Askary A, Elfasakhany A, Pugazhendhi A. Hepato and nephroprotective activity of methanol extract of Hygrophila spinosa and its antibacterial potential against multidrug resistant Pandoraea sputorum. Environ Res 2021; 201:111594. [PMID: 34186080 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This research was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile, bactericidal activity of Hygrophila spinosa against multidrug resistant Pandoraea sputorum and assess their antioxidant competence against various radicals and studied their hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity on HepG2 and HEK 293 cell line. The results showed that the methanol extract has various phytochemical components with reasonable quantity. Fortunately, the multidrug-resistant P. sputorum was sensitive (22.8 ± 0.2 mm of the zone of inhibition) at 15 mg mL-1 concentration of methanol extract. The higher concentration of phenolic and other phytochemical components, showed significant antioxidant activity against ferric, DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radicals, with IC50 values of 71.09, 64.333, 91.157, and 104.931 g mL-1, respectively. Surprisingly, the methanol extract possesses hepato and nephroprotective activity against CCl4 and cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on HepG2 and HEK 293 cell lines, respectively. It maintains the cell viability as up to 90.48% and 90.35% of HepG2 and EK 293 cell line at the concentration of 20 μg mL-1. The FTIR analysis states that the methanol extract possesses a significant functional group responsible for these multi-potential activities. These results suggest that, the methanol extract of H. spinosa might contain the most significant bioactive components with outstanding medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institute, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Gopi
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institute, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devarajan Natarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Mythili Saravanan
- PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641 028, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Elfasakhany
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Nordin FJ, Pearanpan L, Chan KM, Kumolosasi E, Yong YK, Shaari K, Rajab NF. Immunomodulatory potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts in the co-culture of triple-negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, and THP-1 macrophages. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256012. [PMID: 34379689 PMCID: PMC8357171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is the main type of breast carcinoma that causes mortality among women because of the limited treatment options and high recurrence. Chronic inflammation has been linked with the tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer progression. Clinacanthus nutans (CN) has gained much attention because of its anticancer properties, but its mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to study the qualitative phytochemical content and elucidate the cytotoxicity effects of CN on human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), MDA-MB-231 and human macrophage-like cells such as THP-1 by using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. As highly metastatic cells, MDA-MB-231 cells can migrate to the distal position, the effect of CN on migration were also elucidated using the scratch assay. The CN effects on ameliorating chronic inflammation in TME were studied following the co-culture of MDA-MB-231/THP-1 macrophages. The cytokine expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA assays. The results showed that both ethanolic and aqueous CN extracts contained alkaloid, phenol and tannin, flavonoid, terpenoid, glycoside and steroid. However, saponin was only found in the aqueous extract of CN. CN was not cytotoxic to both MDA-MB-231 and THP-1 cells. The ability of MDA-MB-231 to migrate was also not halted by CN treatment. However, CN ethanol extract decreased IL-6 at 25 μg/mL (p = 0.02) and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.03) but CN aqueous extract increased IL-6 expression at 50 μg/mL (p = 0.08) and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.02). IL-1β showed decreased expression after treated with CN ethanol and CN aqueous both at 25 μg/mL (p = 0.03). TNF-α were significantly decreased after CN ethanol treatment at concentration 25- (p = 0.001), 50- (p = 0.000) and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.000). CN aqueous extract slightly inhibited TNF-α at all 25–50- and 100 μg/mL (p = 0.001, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively). Overall, CN acts by ameliorating the pro-inflammatory condition in the TME and may be a potential strategy for its anticancer mechanism on highly metastatic breast cancer condition. The major pathways that link both cancer and inflammation were NF-κB and STATs thus further study on the upstream and downstream pathways is needed to fully understand the mechanism of CN extracts in cooling the inflamed TME in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariza Juliana Nordin
- Biomedical Science Program, Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lishantini Pearanpan
- Biomedical Science Program, Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Endang Kumolosasi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biomedical Science Program, Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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19
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Pierre Luhata L, Usuki T. Antibacterial activity of β-sitosterol isolated from the leaves of Odontonema strictum (Acanthaceae). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128248. [PMID: 34252548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The observation of a dog eating the roots of Odontonema strictum in 2008 in Lubumbashi (DR. Congo) was the starting point of this research which later led to the isolation of β-sitosterol (BSL), a known phytosterol, isolated for the first time from the leaves of this tropical plant which has a large range of medicinal properties including anti-inflammation, anti-hypertension and antibacterial. The analysis of the 1H NMR spectrum showed that the active compound contains 60% of BSL and 40% of stigmasterol. With a melting point (m.p.) of 134-136 °C and the Rf value 0.55 in EtOAc-hexane (1:3) on silica gel TLC, the active compound was confirmed to be BSL. Here, we determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of BSL on Staphylococcus aureus by the broth dilution method. The MIC and MBC were found to be 1.24 mg/mL and 2.208 mg/mL, respectively. For the crude extract, the MIC and MBC were 4.33 mg/mL and the MBC was 7.66 mg/mL, respectively. The Total antibacterial activity underlined the fact that the crude extract from 1 g of plant materials could be diluted 65 times and still retains the ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus. This is the first report of the antibacterial activity of BSL from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokadi Pierre Luhata
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; Faculty of Science and Technology, Université Loyola du Congo, B.P. 3724 Kinshasa, DR. Congo.
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan.
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20
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Fan B, Wang Q, Wu W, Zhou Q, Li D, Xu Z, Fu L, Zhu J, Karimi-Maleh H, Lin CT. Electrochemical Fingerprint Biosensor for Natural Indigo Dye Yielding Plants Analysis. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:bios11050155. [PMID: 34068869 PMCID: PMC8153556 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indigo is a plant dye that has been used as an important dye by various ancient civilizations throughout history. Today, due to environmental and health concerns, plant indigo is re-entering the market. Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is the most widely used species in China for indigo preparation. However, other species under Strobilanthes have a similar feature. In this work, 12 Strobilanthes spp. were analyzed using electrochemical fingerprinting technology. Depending on their electrochemically active molecules, they can be quickly identified by fingerprinting. In addition, the fingerprint obtained under different conditions can be used to produce scattered patter and heatmap. These patterns make plant identification more convenient. Since the electrochemically active components in plants reflect the differences at the gene level to some extent, the obtained electrochemical fingerprints are further used for the discussion of phylogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.F.); (W.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Q.W.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.F.); (W.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qinwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.F.); (W.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Dongling Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Q.W.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zenglai Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province & Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (Q.W.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (B.F.); (W.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiangwei Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu 611731, China;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan 9477177870, Iran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Cheng-Te Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China;
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21
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Akbar S, Ishtiaq S, Ijaz B, Arshad N, Rehman S, Manzoor A, Rehman U, Tariq S. In vitro phytochemical and anticancer activity of Misopates orontium L. and Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:1195-1202. [PMID: 34602389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of Misopates orontium L. and Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees was carried out. Methanolic extracts of M. orontium and D. bupleuroides were selected for phytochemical analysis. The present analysis showed the presence of phytochemical such as carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, phenols and flavonoids in M. orontium and D. bupleuroides. Anticancer assays including MTT, Alamar Blue (AB), Neutral Red (NR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were employed on whole herb methanolic extract and all other fractions of both plants to calculate the % age of cell viability and cell cytotoxicity. The percentage of cell viability was highly significant in all anticancer assays for all fractions. Therefore, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions showed the excellent profile in evaluation of cytotoxicity in each assay. All above findings indicated that the whole herb of both selected plants have strong anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Akbar
- Department of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Department of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Numera Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Manzoor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Umaira Rehman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Somayya Tariq
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Baraya YS, Yankuzo HM, Wong KK, Yaacob NS. Strobilanthes crispus bioactive subfraction inhibits tumor progression and improves hematological and morphological parameters in mouse mammary carcinoma model. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 267:113522. [PMID: 33127562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Locally known as 'pecah batu', 'bayam karang', 'keci beling' or 'batu jin', the Malaysian medicinal herb, Strobilanthes crispus (S. crispus), is traditionally used by the local communities as alternative or adjuvant remedy for cancer and other ailments and to boost the immune system. S. crispus has demonstrated multiple anticancer therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo. A pharmacologically active fraction of S. crispus has been identified and termed as F3. Major constituents profiled in F3 include lutein and β-sitosterol. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the effects of F3, lutein and β-sitosterol on tumor development and metastasis were investigated in 4T1-induced mouse mammary carcinoma model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor-bearing mice were fed with F3 (100 mg/kg/day), lutein (50 mg/kg/day) and β-sitosterol (50 mg/kg/day) for 30 days (n = 5 each group). Tumor physical growth parameters, animal body weight and development of secondary tumors were investigated. The safety profile of F3 was assessed using hematological and histomorphological changes on the major organs in normal control mice (NM). RESULTS Our findings revealed significant reduction of physical tumor growth parameters in all tumor-bearing mice treated with F3 (TM-F3), lutein (TM-L) or β-sitosterol (TM-β) as compared with the untreated group (TM). Statistically significant reduction in body weight was observed in TM compared to the NM or treated (TM-F3, TM-L and TM-β) groups. Histomorphological examination of tissue sections from the F3-treated group showed normal features of the vital organs (i.e., liver, kidneys, lungs and spleen) which were similar to those of NM. Administration of F3 to NM mice (NM-F3) did not cause significant changes in full blood count values. CONCLUSION F3 significantly reduced the total tumor burden and prevented secondary tumor development in metastatic breast cancer without significant toxicities in 4T1-induced mouse mammary carcinoma model. The current study provides further support for therapeutic development of F3 with further pharmacokinetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha'u Shu'aibu Baraya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Hassan Muhammad Yankuzo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Soriani Yaacob
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Dirar AI, Adhikari-Devkota A, Kunwar RM, Paudel KR, Belwal T, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Devkota HP. Genus Blepharis (Acanthaceae): A review of ethnomedicinally used species, and their phytochemistry and pharmacological activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265:113255. [PMID: 32798615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Blepharis is an Afro-Asiatic genus belonging to the family Acanthaceae. It comprises about 126 species that occur in arid and semi-arid habitats. Some species of Blepharis are used in traditional medicines in different countries mainly for their anti-inflammatory, wound healing activities along with treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and bone fractures. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present review aims to collate and analyze the available data and information on distribution, traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Blepharis. METHODS Scientific information of genus Blepharis was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science and Google Scholar and secondary resources including books and proceedings. RESULTS Seven species of Blepharis were found to be reported frequently as useful in folklore in African and Asian countries. B. maderaspatensis was found to be widely used in Indian traditional medicines whereas the B. ciliaris and B. edulis were common in folklore of Egypt, Jordan, and Arabia. Active phytochemicals of Blepharis are flavonoids from B. ciliaris, alkaloids from B. sindica, phenolic acid derivatives, and phytosterols, and derivatives of hydroxamic acids from B. edulis resulted in possessing diverse biological properties such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. CONCLUSIONS Various species of Blepharis were found to be used in traditional medicine systems in African and Asian countries. Few of these species were studied for their bioactive chemical constituents however the activity guided isolation studies are not performed. Similarly, detailed pharmacological studies in animal models to explore their mechanism of action are also not reported. Future studies should focus on these aspects related to the medicinally used species of Blepharis. The detailed and comprehensive comparative analysis presented here gives valuable information of the currently used Blepharis species and pave the way to investigate other useful species of Blepharis pertaining to ethnobotany, phytochemistry and discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ibrahim Dirar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Medicinal, Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTRI), National Center for Research, P.O. Box 2404, Mek Nimr Street, Khartoum, Sudan; Faculty of Clinical and Industrial Pharmacy, National University-Sudan, P.O. Box 3783, Al-Raki Area, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Anjana Adhikari-Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | | | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tarun Belwal
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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24
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Yu H, Li TN, Ran Q, Huang QW, Wang J. Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze, a multifunctional traditional Chinese medicinal plant, and its herbal medicines: A comprehensive review. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265:113325. [PMID: 32889034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze (SCK, Malan), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has long applied to detoxification, defervescence, detumescence and antiphlogosis. "Southern Banlangen" (Rhizoma et Radix Baphicacanthis Cusiae, RRBC), root and rhizome of SCK, is widely used for treatment of many epidemic diseases. Malanye (Southern Daqingye), stem and leaf of SCK, is an antipyretic-alexipharmic drug frequently-used in southern China. Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis, IN), a processed product of SCK, is always applied to dermatoses in the folk. AIM OF THE REVIEW In order to elucidate the historical uses, recent advances and pharmaceutical prospects of SCK, we summarized roundly in aspects of history, processing method, chemical constitution, quality control, pharmacological activity and toxicity. Some deficiencies in current studies and research directions in the future are also discussed. This is the first comprehensive review of SCK and its herbal medicines, which may be of some help for further research. METHODOLOGY Comprehensive analysis was conducted on the basis of academic papers, pharmaceutical monographs, ancient medicinal works, and drug standards of China. All available information on SCK and its herbal medicines was collected by using the keywords such as "Strobilanthes cusia", "Southern Banlangen", "indirubin", "tryptanthrin" through different electronic databases including NCBI Pubmed, Google Scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and so on. Pharmacopoeia of China and some ancient works were obtained from National Digital Library of China. RESULT Medicinal uses of SCK were already described by famous ancient researchers. Because of vague description, plant species in some works cannot be confirmed. Literature demonstrated that multiple components including total 36 alkaloids and 35 glycosides, the main bioactive components of SCK, were found in SCK and its herbal medicines. Modern studies indicated that SCK and some of its components had multiple pharmacological effects including resistance to cancer, remission of inflammation, suppression of microorganisms, relief of dermatoses, and so on. However, studies on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and quality control are still not enough. CONCLUSION A number of reports suggested that SCK and its processed medicines could be promising drug candidates for multiple diseases especially promyelocytic leukemia, ulcerative colitis (UC) and psoriasis. However, bioactive activities of most components, especially glycosides should still be explored further. It is crucial to elucidate the in-depth molecular mechanisms, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of main components in those herbal medicines. Moreover, to ensure the effectiveness of clinical medication, future studies should undoubtedly give the priority to clarifying the effective compositions of SCK, and then a measurement standard of those indicators should be protocolled to establish a comprehensive quality evaluation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Ting-Na Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Qian Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Xu Q, Xu J, Zhang K, Zhong M, Cao H, Wei R, Jin L, Gao Y. Study on the protective effect and mechanism of Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss (Acanthaceae) polysaccharide on immune liver injury induced by LPS. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111159. [PMID: 33370627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to use Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss (Acanthaceae) polysaccharide (DCP) to act on the NF-κB inflammatory pathway and Fas/FasL ligand system, in order to find a new method to improve immune liver injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish an injury model in vivo (Kunming mice) and in vitro (LO2 cells). In this experiment, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and related biochemical indicators were used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissues, oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. Immunohistochemistry, ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect protein or mRNA expressions associated with inflammation response and apoptosis. The experimental results show that the model group has obvious liver cell damage and inflammatory infiltration. After DCP intervention, it could significantly reduce the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL and MDA in serum, and increase the content of SOD and GSH-Px. In addition, DCP can reduce the expression level of NF-κB in the liver and reduce the release of downstream inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, thereby reducing the inflammation. At the same time, DCP can significantly inhibit the expression of Fas/FasL ligand system and apoptosis related-proteins and mRNA, which in turn can reduce cell apoptosis. In conclusion, DCP can alleviate liver injury by inhibiting liver inflammation and apoptosis, which provides a new strategy for clinical treatment of immune liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongmei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingli Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Houkang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Riming Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Xu W, Zhang L, Cunningham AB, Li S, Zhuang H, Wang Y, Liu A. Blue genome: chromosome-scale genome reveals the evolutionary and molecular basis of indigo biosynthesis in Strobilanthes cusia. Plant J 2020; 104:864-879. [PMID: 32981147 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant dyes have been developed and used across many traditional societies worldwide. The blue pigment indigo has seen widespread usage across South America, Egypt, Europe, India and China for thousands of years, mainly extracted from indigo-rich plants. The utilization and genetic engineering of indigo in industries and ethnobotanical studies on the effects of cultural selection on plant domestication are limited due to lack of relevant genetic and genomic information of dye plants. Strobilanthes cusia (Acanthaceae) is a typical indigo-rich plant important to diverse ethnic cultures in many regions of Asia. Here we present a chromosome-scale genome for S. cusia with a genome size of approximately 865 Mb. About 79% of the sequences were identified as repetitive sequences and 32 148 protein-coding genes were annotated. Metabolic analysis showed that the main indigoid pigments (indican, indigo and indirubin) were mainly synthesized in the leaves and stems of S. cusia. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression level of genes encoding metabolic enzymes such as monooxygenase, uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase and β-glucosidase were significantly changed in leaves and stems compared with root tissues, implying their participation in indigo biosynthesis. We found that several gene families involved in indigo biosynthesis had undergone an expansion in number, with functional differentiation likely facilitating indigo biosynthesis in S. cusia. This study provides insight into the physiological and molecular bases of indigo biosynthesis, as well as providing genomic data that provide the basis for further study of S. cusia cultivation by Asia's traditional textile producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anthony B Cunningham
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Huifu Zhuang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
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27
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Kuo X, Herr DR, Ong WY. Anti-inflammatory and Cytoprotective Effect of Clinacanthus nutans Leaf But Not Stem Extracts on 7-Ketocholesterol Induced Brain Endothelial Cell Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:176-183. [PMID: 33085066 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans (Lindau) (C. nutans) has diverse uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes, insect and snake bites, lesions caused by herpes simplex virus, diabetes mellitus and gout in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and China. We previously showed that C. nutans has the ability to modulate the induction of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) expression in SH-SY5Y cells through the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). In the current study, we elucidated the effect of C. nutans on the hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cell line. Endothelial cells are exposed to high levels of the cholesterol oxidation product, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), in patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and this process is thought to mediate pathological inflammation. 7KC induced a dose-dependent loss of hCMEC/D3 cell viability, and such damage was significantly inhibited by C. nutans leaf extracts but not stem extracts. 7KC also induced a marked increase in mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in brain endothelial cells, and these increases were significantly inhibited by C. nutans leaf but not stem extracts. HPLC analyses showed that leaf extracts have a markedly different chemical profile compared to stem extracts, which might explain their different effects in counteracting 7KC-induced inflammation. Further study is necessary to identify the putative phytochemicals in C. nutans leaves that have anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Kuo
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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Ahmad Azam A, Ismail IS, Kumari Y, Shaikh MF, Abas F, Shaari K. The anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Clinacanthus nutans leaf extract on metabolism elucidated through 1H NMR in correlation with cytokines microarray. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238503. [PMID: 32925968 PMCID: PMC7489527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans (CN) (Acanthaceae) is well-known for its anti-inflammatory properties among Asian communities; however, there are currently no data specifically focused on the anti-inflammatory effects of CN on the brain tissue. Neuroinflammation is a common consequence of toxin intrusion to any part of the central nervous system (CNS). As an innate immune response, the CNS may react through both protective and/or toxic actions due to the activation of neuron cells producing pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. The unresolved activation of the inflammatory cytokines' response is associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. The present study aimed to decipher the metabolic mechanism on the effects of 14 days oral treatment with CN aqueous extract in induced-lipopolysaccharides (LPS) rats through 1H NMR spectroscopic biomarker profiling of the brain tissue and the related cytokines. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data, twenty-one metabolites in the brain tissue were profiled as biomarkers for the LPS (10 μL)-induced neuroinflammation following intracerebroventricular injection. Among the twenty-one biomarkers in the neuroinflammed rats, CN treatment of 1000 and 500 mg/kg BW successfully altered lactate, pyruvate, phosphorylcholine, glutamine, and α-ketoglutarate when compared to the negative control. Likewise, statistical isolinear multiple component analysis (SIMCA) showed that treatments by CN and the positive control drug, dextromethorphan (DXM, 5 mg/kg BW), have anti-neuroinflammatory potential. A moderate correlation, in the orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) regression model, was found between the spectral metabolite profile and the cytokine levels. The current study revealed the existence of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α in LPS-induced rats. Both CN dose treatments lowered IL-1β significantly better than DXM Interestingly, DXM and CN treatments both exhibited the upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-2 and 4. However, DXM has an advantage over CN in that the former also increased the expression of IL-10 of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, a metabolomics approach was successfully applied to discover the mechanistic role of CN in controlling the neuroinflammatory conditions through the modulation of complex metabolite interactions in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalina Ahmad Azam
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ramabulana T, Scheepers LM, Moodley T, Maharaj VJ, Stander A, Gama N, Ferreira D, Sonopo MS, Selepe MA. Bioactive Lignans from Hypoestes aristata. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:2483-2489. [PMID: 32786879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of extracts of the stems of Hypoestes aristata led to the isolation of nine lignans that included four known compounds, namely, hinokinin (1), savinin (2), medioresinol (3), and two cubebins (8a,b), three new butyrolactone lignans (4-6), and butyrolactol lignans 7a-c. The structures of the new compounds were established using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of the new lignans were determined from their ECD data and the Mosher's ester method. This is the first unequivocal assignment of the absolute configuration at C-7 and C-7' of 7- and 7'-hydroxybutyrolactone lignans. The compounds were screened for inhibition of an HIV-1 protease enzyme, and compounds 1 and 6 exhibited moderate activity in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tshifhiwa Ramabulana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Luki-Marié Scheepers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Thirshen Moodley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Vinesh J Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - André Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Ntombenhle Gama
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Molahlehi S Sonopo
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa
| | - Mamoalosi A Selepe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Akbar S, Ishtiaq S, Hussain K, Ghayas S, Bushra R. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees. extracts on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:1899-1906. [PMID: 33612475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study to evaluate the safety profile, hepatoprotective and in-vivo antioxidant activities of Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees. Toxicity studies were conducted in human RBCs and DNA by using standard procedures. Acute hepatoprotective investigation was carried out in albino rats by treated with all six fractions of D. bupleuroides 350 mg/kg/day. ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin (TB) were performed. The n-hexane fraction (200 mg/kg/day) exhibited appropriate hepatoprotective activity hence subjected to chronic study (14 days). Paracetamol induced the hepatotoxicity (350mg/kg) and silymarin (50 mg/kg) was standard drug. Liver function tests, liver peroxidation tests and histopathological examination were performed at the end. Hexane fraction showed significant decrease in the level of ALT (88.1±7.8), AST (93.8±7.6), ALP (136.3±8.4) and TB (0.6±0.03) as compared to the standard drug (p>0.05). Rats treated with ethyl acetate fraction showed decrease in MDA (42.8±0.7) while GSH was found to be increased (107.7±1.8) against the toxic group (51.3±2.9), (73.6±4.0) respectively. All the drug extracts decreased the oxidative stress and protect the DNA from free hydroxyl radicals. DNA damage protection activity of these fractions is due to phytochemicals present in these fractions. These results indicate that the plant fractions possess significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities with no toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Akbar
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Ishtiaq
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ghayas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Bushra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Zhang MQ, Ren X, Zhao Q, Yue SJ, Fu XM, Li X, Chen KX, Guo YW, Shao CL, Wang CY. Hepatoprotective effects of total phenylethanoid glycosides from Acanthus ilicifolius L. against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 256:112795. [PMID: 32224197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acanthus ilicifolius L. has been used as a folk medicine in the treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis in China for a long time. Phenylethanoid glycosides are one of main components in A. ilicifolius L. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of present study was to assess the hepatoprotective activities of total phenylethanoid glycosides from A. ilicifolius L. (APhGs) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHOD The APhGs was separated by resin column chromatography. The purity of total phenylethanoid glycosides was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry using acteoside as a standard. The hepatoprotective activities of APhGs against CCl4-induced liver injury were performed on experimental mice and L-02 hepatocytes. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of APhGs were tested in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that pre-administration of APhGs to mice decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in serum, and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum and liver tissue induced by CCl4. Specifically, the SOD activities of APhGs-H and APhGs-M treatment groups were stronger than that of silymarin treatment group. The protective activities of APhGs were confirmed by histopathological results. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis showed that APhGs could remarkably down-regulate the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In vitro experiment, APhGs was observed to increase L-02 hepatocyte viability against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, antioxidation assays revealed that APhGs showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing ability. CONCLUSION Overall, total phenylethanoid glycosides from A. ilicifolius L. displayed promising hepatoprotective effects. These results offer a support for the medicine uses of A. ilicifolius L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Xia Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kai-Xian Chen
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Abd Samat NMA, Ahmad S, Awang Y, Bakar RAH, Hakiman M. Alterations in Herbage Yield, Antioxidant Activities, Phytochemical Contents, and Bioactive Compounds of Sabah Snake Grass ( Clinacanthus Nutans L.) with Regards to Harvesting Age and Harvesting Frequency. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122833. [PMID: 32575450 PMCID: PMC7356259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sabah snake grass or Clinacanthus nutans has drawn public interest having significant economic benefits attributable to the presence of phytochemicals and several interesting bioactive constituents that may differ according to harvesting age and harvesting frequency. The current study was aimed to evaluate the effect of harvesting age and harvesting frequency towards herbal yield, antioxidant activities, phytochemicals synthesis, and bioactive compounds of C. nutans. A factorial randomized completely block design with five replications was used to illustrate the relationship between herbal yield, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, total phenolic and flavonoid content affected by harvesting age (week 8, 12, and 16 after transplanting), and harvesting frequency (harvest 1, 2, and 3). The bioactive compounds by HPLC were also determined to describe the interaction effect between both harvesting age and harvesting frequency. The yield, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical contents were gradually increased as the plant grew, with the highest recorded during week 16. However, the synthesis and activities of phytochemicals were reduced in subsequent harvests despite the increment of the herbal yield. All bioactive compounds were found to be influenced insignificantly and significantly by harvesting age and harvesting frequency, respectively, specifically to shaftoside, iso-orientin, and orientin. Among all constituents, shaftoside was the main compound at various harvesting ages and harvesting frequencies. These results indicated that harvesting at week 16 with 1st harvest frequency might enhance the yield while sustaining the high synthesis of polyphenols and antioxidant activities of C. nutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Mardhiati Afifa Abd Samat
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.M.A.A.S.); (Y.A.); (R.A.H.B.)
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yahya Awang
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.M.A.A.S.); (Y.A.); (R.A.H.B.)
| | - Ros Azrinawati Hana Bakar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.M.A.A.S.); (Y.A.); (R.A.H.B.)
| | - Mansor Hakiman
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.M.A.A.S.); (Y.A.); (R.A.H.B.)
- Laboratory of Sustainable Resources Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +03-8947-4903
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Chaiyana W, Chansakaow S, Intasai N, Kiattisin K, Lee KH, Lin WC, Lue SC, Leelapornpisid P. Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Anti-MMPs, and Anti-Hyaluronidase Activities of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. Leaf Extracts for Skin Aging and Skin Damage Prevention. Molecules 2020; 25:E1923. [PMID: 32326348 PMCID: PMC7221723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential usage of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. leaf extracts in the cosmetic industry. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and hyaluronidase inhibition of T. laurifolia leaf extracts, prepared using reflux extraction with deionized water (RE) and 80% v/v ethanol using Soxhlet's apparatus (SE), were determined. Rosmarinic acid, phenolics, and flavonoids contents were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. Antioxidant activities were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and linoleic acid-thiocyanate assays. MMP-1 inhibition was investigated using enzymatic and fluorescent reactions, whereas MMP-2, MMP-9, and hyaluronidase inhibition were investigated using gel electrophoresis. Cytotoxicity on human fibroblast cell line was also investigated. The results demonstrated that SE contained significantly higher content of rosmarinic acid (5.62% ± 0.01%) and flavonoids (417 ± 25 mg of quercetin/g of extract) but RE contained a significantly higher phenolics content (181 ± 1 mg of gallic acid/g of extract; p < 0.001). SE possessed higher lipid peroxidation inhibition but less DPPH• scavenging activity than RE. Both extracts possessed comparable hyaluronidase inhibition. SE was as potent an MMP-1 inhibitor as gallic acid (half maximal inhibitory concentration values were 12.0 ± 0.3 and 8.9 ± 0.4 mg/cm3, respectively). SE showed significantly higher MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition than RE (p < 0.05). Therefore, SE is a promising natural anti-ageing ingredient rich in rosmarinic acid and flavonoids with antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase, and potent MMPs inhibitory effects that could be applied in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (K.K.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sunee Chansakaow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (K.K.)
| | - Nutjeera Intasai
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kanokwan Kiattisin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (K.K.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kuan-Han Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chao Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.)
| | - Shang-Chian Lue
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan; (W.-C.L.); (S.-C.L.)
| | - Pimporn Leelapornpisid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (K.K.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Ghule BV, Kotagale NR, Patil KS. Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory mediators in rat neutrophils by shanzhiside methyl ester and its acetyl derivative isolated from Barleria prionitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 249:112374. [PMID: 31704416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The aerial parts of Barleria prionitis Linn. (BP) (Acanthaceae) plant has long been used to treat inflammatory disorders such as toothache, swellings, arthritis and gout. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shanzhiside methyl ester (SME), 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester (ASME) and iridoid glycosides rich monoterpenoidal fraction (IFBp), isolated from the aerial part of BP, on the pro-inflammatory mediators in stimulated rat neutrophils. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat neutrophils were incubated with or without test drugs. The influence of laboratory isolated and identified SME, ASME and IFBp on the production and release of pro-inflammatory mediators i.e. myeloperoxidase (MPO), elastase, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was evaluated in the formyl-met-leu-phenylalanine (f-MLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated rat neutrophils using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. IFBp was also standardized with the high performance thin layer chromatography by simultaneous determination of SME and ASME marker compounds. RESULTS SME, ASME and IFBp displayed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the MPO, elastase and MMP-9 enzymes release, and IL-8, TNF-α and LTB4 cytokines production in the f-MLP and LPS stimulated rat neutrophils. The content of SME and ASME was found to be 17.32 ± 1.98 and 11.30 ± 1.06% w/w, respectively, in IFBp by HPTLC method. CONCLUSION Altogether, the present results suggest that the iridoidal glycosides of BP may be considered as therapeutic strategy against neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases. Developed and validated HPTLC method for the standardization of IFBp of BP can be used as a quality control tool for the routine qualitative and quantitative analysis of Barleria species containing SME and/or ASME.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Ghule
- Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, Amravati, 444 604, Maharashtra State, India; Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Wardha, 442 001, Maharashtra State, India.
| | - N R Kotagale
- Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, Amravati, 444 604, Maharashtra State, India.
| | - K S Patil
- Government College of Pharmacy, Kathora Naka, Amravati, 444 604, Maharashtra State, India; Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Wardha, 442 001, Maharashtra State, India.
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Hii LW, Lim SHE, Leong CO, Chin SY, Tan NP, Lai KS, Mai CW. The synergism of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau extracts with gemcitabine: downregulation of anti-apoptotic markers in squamous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19:257. [PMID: 31521140 PMCID: PMC6744713 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinacanthus nutans extracts have been consumed by the cancer patients with the hope that the extracts can kill cancers more effectively than conventional chemotherapies. Our previous study reported its anti-inflammatory effects were caused by inhibiting Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) activation. However, we are unsure of its anticancer effect, and its interaction with existing chemotherapy. METHODS We investigated the anti-proliferative efficacy of polar leaf extracts (LP), non-polar leaf extracts (LN), polar stem extract (SP) and non-polar stem extracts (SN) in human breast, colorectal, lung, endometrial, nasopharyngeal, and pancreatic cancer cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT assay. The most potent extracts was tested along with gemcitabine using our established drug combination analysis. The effect of the combinatory treatment in apoptosis were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Annexin V assay, antibody array and immunoblotting. Statistical significance was analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Dunnett's test. A p-value of less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered statistical significance. RESULTS All extracts tested were not able to induce potent anti-proliferative effects. However, it was found that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC (AsPC1, BxPC3 and SW1990) were the cell lines most sensitive cell lines to SN extracts. This is the first report of C. nutans SN extracts acting in synergy with gemcitabine, the first line chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer, as compared to conventional monotherapy. In the presence of SN extracts, we can reduce the dose of gemcitabine 2.38-5.28 folds but still maintain the effects of gemcitabine in PDAC. SN extracts potentiated the killing of gemcitabine in PDAC by apoptosis. Bax was upregulated while bcl-2, cIAP-2, and XIAP levels were downregulated in SW1990 and BxPC3 cells treated with gemcitabine and SN extracts. The synergism was independent of TLR-4 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSION These results provide strong evidence of C. nutans extracts being inefficacious as monotherapy for cancer. Hence, it should not be used as a total substitution for any chemotherapy agents. However, SN extracts may synergise with gemcitabine in the anti-tumor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wei Hii
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
| | - Swee-Hua Erin Lim
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Seri Kembangan, 43400 Selangor Malaysia
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cells Research, Institute for Research Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
| | - Swee-Yee Chin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ngai-Paing Tan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, 43400 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cells Research, Institute for Research Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tan M, Chen J, Wang C, Zou L, Chen S, Shi J, Mei Y, Wei L, Liu X. Quality Evaluation of Ophiopogonis Radix from Two Different Producing Areas. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183220. [PMID: 31487946 PMCID: PMC6766908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogonis Radix, also known as Mai-dong in Chinese, was a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and functional health food. Two products of Ophiopogonis Radix are largely produced in the Sichuan and Zhejiang province, which are called “Chuan maidong (CMD)” and “Zhe maidong (ZMD)” respectively. To distinguish and evaluate the quality of CMD and ZMD, an analytical method based on ultra-fast performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was established for simultaneous determination of 32 constituents including 4 steroidal saponins, 3 homisoflavonoids, 15 amino acids, and 10 nucleosides in 27 Mai-dong samples from Sichuan and Zhejiang. Furthermore, principal components analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), t-test, and grey relational analysis (GRA) were applied to discriminate and evaluate the samples from Sichuan and Zhejiang based on the contents of 32 constituents. The results demonstrated that the bioactive constituents in CMD and ZMD were significantly different, and CMD performed better in the quality assessment than ZMD. This study not only provides a basic information for differentiating CMD and ZMD, but offers a new insight into comprehensive evaluation and quality control of Ophiopogonis Radix from two different producing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jiali Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lisi Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shuyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jingjing Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuqi Mei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lifang Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xunhong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zakaria ZA, Abdul Rahim MH, Roosli RAJ, Mohd Sani MH, Marmaya NH, Omar MH, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. Antinociceptive Activity of Petroleum Ether Fraction of Clinacanthus nutans Leaves Methanolic Extract: Roles of Nonopioid Pain Modulatory Systems and Potassium Channels. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:6593125. [PMID: 31467905 PMCID: PMC6699298 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6593125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methanolic extract of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves (MECN) has been reported to exert antinociceptive activity. The present study aimed to elucidate the possible antinociceptive mechanisms of a lipid-soluble fraction of MECN, which was obtained after sequential extraction in petroleum ether. The petroleum ether fraction of C. nutans (PECN), administered orally to mice, was (i) subjected to capsaicin-, glutamate-, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-, bradykinin-induced nociception model; (ii) prechallenged (intraperitoneal (i.p.)) with 0.15 mg/kg yohimbine, 1 mg/kg pindolol, 3 mg/kg caffeine, 0.2 mg/kg haloperidol, or 10 mg/kg atropine, which were the respective antagonist of α 2-adrenergic, β-adrenergic, adenosinergic, dopaminergic, or muscarinic receptors; and (iii) prechallenged (i.p.) with 10 mg/kg glibenclamide, 0.04 mg/kg apamin, 0.02 mg/kg charybdotoxin, or 4 mg/kg tetraethylammonium chloride, which were the respective inhibitor of ATP sensitive-, small conductance Ca2+-activated-, large conductance Ca2+-activated-, or nonselective voltage-activated-K+ channel. Results obtained demonstrated that PECN (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) inhibited all models of nociception described earlier. The antinociceptive activity of 500 mg/kg PECN was significantly (P<0.05) attenuated when prechallenged with all antagonists or K+ channel blockers. However, only pretreatment with apamin and charybdotoxin caused full inhibition of PECN-induced antinociception. The rest of the K+ channel blockers and all antagonists caused only partial inhibition of PECN antinociception, respectively. Analyses on PECN's phytoconstituents revealed the presence of antinociceptive-bearing bioactive compounds of volatile (i.e., derivatives of γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, and lupeol) and nonvolatile (i.e., cinnamic acid) nature. In conclusion, PECN exerts a non-opioid-mediated antinociceptive activity involving mainly activation of adenosinergic and cholinergic receptors or small- and large-conductance Ca2+-activated-K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hafiz Abdul Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rushduddin Al Jufri Roosli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hijaz Mohd Sani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Hanisah Marmaya
- Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka Campus, 75300, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Hasyima Omar
- Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Oh HKF, Siow LF, Lim YY. Approach to preserve phenolics in Thunbergia laurifolia leaves by different drying treatments. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12856. [PMID: 31353691 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Different drying methods and blanching were investigated as to their effects on antioxidant and oxidase activities of Thunbergia laurifolia leaves. Results showed that oven-drying had the highest degradation of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity at >85%, while freeze-drying had the lowest at <20%. However, inactivation of oxidase enzymes by blanching at 100°C resulted in a lesser decrease in TPC for oven-drying at 50 and 100°C (51% and 65%, respectively), indicating the importance of inactivating the oxidase enzymes for lower degradation of phenolics on drying. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that its major antioxidant, rosmarinic acid, degraded tremendously in the presence of oxidase enzymes, but only degraded slightly upon inactivation of oxidase enzymes. Hence, this work showed that by controlling the enzymatic activity, the preservation of phenolics with specific bioactivity in herbal tea leaves can be achieved. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Thunbergia laurifolia leaves have been frequently consumed in the form of a tea or pill due to its medicinal properties. Processing of fresh herbal plant leaves by drying is required to preserve antioxidant phenolic compounds and quality of the plant leaves. Although the drying effects on the antioxidant properties have been studied, the factors that cause the change in properties have not been investigated in-depth. Controlling the factors that affect the phenolic content can help to preserve the beneficial antioxidants when processing the leaves by drying. The result of this study will be of relevance and beneficial to the herbal tea industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Kan Fu Oh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Lee Fung Siow
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Yau Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Lee CL, Wang CM, Hu HC, Yen HR, Song YC, Yu SJ, Chen CJ, Li WC, Wu YC. Indole alkaloids indigodoles A-C from aerial parts of Strobilanthes cusia in the traditional Chinese medicine Qing Dai have anti-IL-17 properties. Phytochemistry 2019; 162:39-46. [PMID: 30852259 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Qing Dai (Naturalis Indigo) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used as a topical agent in moderate psoriasis, targeting interleukin-17 (IL-17). In this study, it was prepared from the aerial parts of Strobilanthes cusia. Three undescribed indole alkaloid derivatives, indigodoles A-C, along with seven known compounds were isolated from this preparation of Qing Dai and their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic data, including NMR, MS, UV, IR, optical rotation, and CD. As well, most compounds were tested against IL-17. Indigodole C and tryptanthrin could significantly inhibit IL-17 production of Th17 cells. In addition, indigodole A and indirubin showed notably anti-IL-17 gene expression in dose-dependent effects without cytotoxicities toward Th17 and Jurkat cells, respectively. Overall, our studies indicate that the aforementioned indole alkaloids could contribute to anti-IL 17 properties of Qing Dai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Lee
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ming Wang
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chun Hu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chyi Song
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jie Yu
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chu Li
- Sheng Chang Pharmaceutical Company, Taoyuan, 32050, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Shah MA, Reanmongkol W, Radenahmad N, Khalil R, Ul-Haq Z, Panichayupakaranant P. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of rhinacanthins-rich extract from Rhinacanthus nasutus leaves in nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108702. [PMID: 30844658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Thailand; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wantana Reanmongkol
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Thailand; Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Thailand
| | - Nisaudah Radenahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Thailand
| | - Ruqaiya Khalil
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Thailand; Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Thailand.
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D'Ambola M, Fiengo L, Chini MG, Cotugno R, Bader A, Bifulco G, Braca A, De Tommasi N, Dal Piaz F. Fusicoccane Diterpenes from Hypoestes forsskaolii as Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Modulators. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:539-549. [PMID: 30839211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ten new (1-10) and six known (11-16) fusicoccane diterpenes were isolated from the roots of Hypoestes forsskaolii. The structural characterization of 1-10 was performed by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, ECD, and HRESIMS experiments. From a perspective of obtaining potential Hsp90α inhibitors, the isolates were screened by surface plasmon resonance measurements and their cytotoxic activity was assayed using Jurkat and HeLa cancer cells. Compound 6, 18-hydroxyhypoestenone, was shown to be the most active compound against Hsp90, and its interactions were studied also by biochemical and cellular assays and by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano D'Ambola
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fiengo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 33 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" , Università di Pisa , Via del Borghetto 80 , 56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana" , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
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Riaz T, Abbasi MA, Rehman A, Shazadi T, Shahid M. Report: Assessment of Fumaria indica, Dicliptera bupleuroides and Curcuma zedoaria for their antimicrobial and hemolytic effects. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:697-702. [PMID: 31081785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal and hemolytic activities of organic and aqueous fractions of Fumaria indica, Dicliptera bupleuroides and Curcuma zedoaria. The methanolic extracts of the plants were dissolved in the water (distilled) separately and then partitioned with the n-hexane, CHCl3, EtOAc and n-BuOH sequentially. Antibacterial activity was checked against Escherichia coli, Pasturella multocida, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus by the disc diffusion method using streptomycin sulphate, a standard antibiotic, as positive control. Antifungal activity was studied against four fungi i.e. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Ganoderma lucidum and Alternaria alternata by the disc diffusion method using fluconazole, a standard antifungal drug, as positive control. It was revealed that aqueous fraction of F. indica showed very good antibacterial activity against P. multocida with zone of inhibition 26mm and MIC of 98μg/mL. Its CHCl3 and n-BuOH fractions also displayed good results. Its CHCl3 fraction showed good antifungal activity against G. lucidum with zone of inhibition 24mm and MIC of 115μg/mL. Other polar fractions of F. indica showed good activity against somefungal strains. The CHCl3 and EtOAc fractions of D. bupleuroides displayed good antibacterial activity against some bacterial strains. Its EtOAc fraction showed good antifungal activity only against G. lucidum. The CHCl3 fraction of C. zedoaria showed good activity against all studied bacterial strains, while its EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions displayed good results against some bacterial strains. None of the fractions of C. zedoaria displayed antifungal activity against the under test strains. All the studied fractions of three plants showed very less toxicity except n-hexane fraction of D. bupleuroides which showed 79% toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauheeda Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | | | - Azizur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Shazadi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Zakaria KN, Amid A, Zakaria Z, Jamal P, Ismail A. Anti-Proliferative Activity of Triterpenes Isolated from Clinicanthus nutans on Hep-G2 Liver Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:563-567. [PMID: 30803221 PMCID: PMC6897039 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.2.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Problem statement: Clinicanthus nutans has been used by Malaysian since long time ago. It is used to treat many diseases including cancer. Many studies carried out on its crude extract but no clear report on the specific secondary metabolites responsible for its nature in treating selected diseases. Objective: This study aims to confirm the practice carried out by many people on the usage of Clinicanthus nutans in treating cancer. Methods: C. nutans leaves were extracted by methanol. Thin layer chromatography was used to identify the suitable solvent for fractions separation. The fractions were then separated at larger volume using gravity column chromatography. Each fraction was tested on its anti-proliferative activity on Hep-G2 liver cancer cells by MTT assay. The phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the bioactive compound based on qualitative analysis. Results: The fraction 2 (F2) of C. nutans showed the lowest IC50 value of 1.73 μg/ml against Hep-G2 cancer cells, and it is identified as triterpenes. Conclusion: The fraction F2 identified as triterpenes isolated from C. nutans has potential as an anti-proliferative agent against liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairun Najwa Zakaria
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Li S, Cunningham AB, Fan R, Wang Y. Identity blues: the ethnobotany of the indigo dyeing by Landian Yao (Iu Mien) in Yunnan, Southwest China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2019; 15:13. [PMID: 30782180 PMCID: PMC6379986 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigo-dyed textiles have been central to the cultural identity of Landian Yao (literally "blue clothes Yao") people in Southwest China for centuries, driving a significant local market for naturally dyed indigo cloth. In the past two decades, local indigo production for traditional textiles has declined for several reasons: Firstly, the younger generation of Landian Yao has shifted to using western style jeans and T-shirts. Secondly, due to its labor-intensive nature. In contrast, at a global scale, including in China, there has been a revival of interest in natural indigo use. This is due to a growing awareness in the fashion industry about human and environmental health issues related to synthetic dye production. Ironically, this new awareness comes at a time when traditional knowledge of indigo dyeing is being lost in many places in China, with weaving and use of natural dyes now limited to some remote areas. In this study, we recorded indigo dyeing processes used by Landian Yao people and documented the plant species used for indigo dyeing. METHODS Field surveys were conducted to the study area from September 2015 to November 2016, supplemented by follow-up visits in July 2018 and November 2018. We interviewed 46 key informants between 36 and 82 years old who still continued traditional indigo dyeing practices. Most were elderly people. Semi-structured interviews were used. During the field study, we kept a detailed account of the methods used by Landian Yao dyers. The data were then analyzed by using utilization frequency to determine the best traditional recipe of indigo dye extraction. All the specimens of documented species were collected and deposited at the herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany. RESULTS Our results showed that indigo dyeing was divided into two main steps: (1) indigo pigment extraction and (2) dyeing cloth. The general procedures of indigo dye extraction included building or buying a dye vat, fermentation, removal of the leaves of indigo producing plant species, addition of lime, oxygenation, followed by collection, and the storage of the indigo paste. The procedures of dyeing cloth included preparing the dye solutions, dyeing cloth, washing, and air drying. It is notable that Landian Yao dyers formerly only performed the dyeing process on the goat days in the lunar calendar from June to October. After comparing the range of local indigo extraction methods, our results showed that the following was best of these traditional recipes: a indigo-yielding plant material to tap water ratio of 30 kg: 200 l, lime 3 kg, a fermentation time of 2-3 d, aeration by agitation for up to 60 min, and a precipitation time of 2-3 h. Our results show that 17 plant species in 11 families were recorded in the indigo dyeing process. With the exception of the indigo sources, only Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour. and Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot were previously recorded in dyeing processes. Other species given in this paper are recorded for the first time in terms of their use in the indigo dyeing process. In the study area, Landian Yao men were in charge of indigo dye extraction, and the women were responsible for dyeing cloth. CONCLUSIONS The Landian Yao has completely mastered the traditional indigo dyeing craft and are one of the well-deserved identity blues. Indigo production from plants using traditional methods is a slow process compared to synthetic dyes and is not suitable for modern and rapid industrial production. Therefore, our study records the detailed information of traditional indigo dyeing to protect and inherit it. Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is the main indigo source in Landian Yao that is widely used in the world and can be commercially exploited as an indigo plant. For commercial and environment benefits, we suggest that producing natural indigo for the commercial market is a good choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Anthony B. Cunningham
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Ruyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Bakshi M, Ghosh S, Ram SS, Sudarshan M, Chakraborty A, Biswas JK, Shaheen SM, Niazi NK, Rinklebe J, Chaudhuri P. Sediment quality, elemental bioaccumulation and antimicrobial properties of mangroves of Indian Sundarban. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:275-296. [PMID: 29992452 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves have wide applications in traditional medicines due to their several therapeutic properties. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs), in mangrove habitats, need serious concern because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation capacity and ecotoxicological risks. In the current study, we aimed to examine sediment quality and bioaccumulation of PTEs in a mangrove-dominated habitat of Sundarban, India, and their relation with antimicrobial property of ten mangrove species of the region. Antimicrobial activity of different solvent fractions of mangrove leaves was assessed against seven microorganisms. The highest antimicrobial activity was detected in ethyl acetate and acetone-extracted fractions of Avicennia alba. Various sediment quality indices revealed progressively deteriorating nature of surface sediment having moderate contamination, however, low ecotoxicological risk. The accumulation factors (AF) for different PTEs indicate a gradual metal bioaccumulation in leaf tissue. Antimicrobial activities indicated both positive and negative correlations with manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentrations of mangrove species. Concentration of Mn showed a significant correlation with almost all the fractions, whereas Cu had correlation with ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol fractions (P < 0.05). The AF of Mn and Cu exhibited correlation with antimicrobial activities of acetone and methanol fractions, whereas Fe and Zn had correlation with hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. Overall, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations of Acanthus ilicifolius and Avicennia alba leaves and in the surface sediments demonstrated the strongest association (P < 0.05) with their antimicrobial activity as also depicted in correlation and cluster analysis studies. Thus, this study will help to establish a link between the PTEs in mangrove ecosystem with their bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Bakshi
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
| | - Somdeep Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - S S Ram
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata, India
- Ion Beam Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - M Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Enviromicrobiology, Ecotoxicology and Ecotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
- Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Punarbasu Chaudhuri
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
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Khoo LW, Kow ASF, Maulidiani M, Ang MY, Chew WY, Lee MT, Tan CP, Shaari K, Tham CL, Abas F. 1 H-NMR metabolomics for evaluating the protective effect of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f) Lindau water extract against nitric oxide production in LPS-IFN-γ activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Phytochem Anal 2019; 30:46-61. [PMID: 30183131 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinacanthus nutans, a small shrub that is native to Southeast Asia, is commonly used in traditional herbal medicine and as a food source. Its anti-inflammation properties is influenced by the metabolites composition, which can be determined by different binary extraction solvent ratio and extraction methods used during plant post-harvesting stage. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the relationship between the chemical composition of C. nutans and its anti-inflammatory properties using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics approach. METHODOLOGY The anti-inflammatory effect of C. nutans air-dried leaves extracted using five different binary extraction solvent ratio and two extraction methods was determined based on their nitric oxide (NO) inhibition effect in lipopolysaccharide-interferon-gamma (LPS-IFN-γ) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The relationship between extract bioactivity and metabolite profiles and quantifications were established using 1 H-NMR metabolomics and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The possible metabolite biosynthesis pathway was constructed to further strengthen the findings. RESULTS Water and sonication prepared air-dried leaves possessed the highest NO inhibition activity (IC50 = 190.43 ± 12.26 μg/mL, P < 0.05). A total of 56 metabolites were tentatively identified using 1 H-NMR metabolomics. A partial least square (PLS) biplot suggested that sulphur containing glucoside, sulphur containing compounds, phytosterols, triterpenoids, flavones and some organic and amino acids were among the potential NO inhibitors. LC-MS/MS targeted quantification further supported sonicated water extract was among the extract that possessed the most abundant C-glycosyl flavones. CONCLUSION The present study may serve as a preliminary reference for the selection of optimum extract in further C. nutans in vivo anti-inflammatory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng Wei Khoo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Audrey Siew Foong Kow
- Department Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maulidiani Maulidiani
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - May Yen Ang
- Analytical Instrument Division, Shimadzu Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Won Yin Chew
- Analytical Instrument Division, Shimadzu Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lu MC, Li TY, Hsieh YC, Hsieh PC, Chu YL. Chemical evaluation and cytotoxic mechanism investigation of Clinacanthus nutans extract in lymphoma SUP-T1 cells. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:1229-1236. [PMID: 30188005 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans has been used as herbal medicine with antidiabetic, blood pressure lowering, and diuretic properties in Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. The in vitro cellular study showed the chloroform extract possessed significant cytotoxicity against leukemia K562 and lymphoma Raji cells. The clinical study reported that administration of plant could treat or prevent relapse in 12 cancer patients. However, detailed mechanism of the anticancer effects and chemical profiles are not thoroughly studied. The chemical study did show that the acetone extract (MHA) exerted the highest antiproliferative effect on human leukemia MOLT-4 cells and lymphoma SUP-T1 cells in dose-dependent cytotoxicity. We found that the use of MHA increased apoptosis by 4.28%-43.65% and caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by 11.79%-26.93%, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 19.54% and increased calcium ion by 233.83%, as demonstrated by annexin-V/PI, JC-1, H2 DCFDA, and Flou-3 staining assays, respectively. MHA-induced ER stress was confirmed by increase expression of CHOP and IRE-1α with western blotting assay. In conclusion, we identified good bioactivity in Clinacanthus nutans and recognize its potential effect on cancer therapy, but further research is needed to determine the use of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yuan Li
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lin Chu
- International Master's Degree Program in Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Cai YS, Sun JZ, Tang QQ, Fan F, Guo YW. Acanthiline A, a pyrido[1,2-a]indole alkaloid from Chinese mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2018; 20:1088-1092. [PMID: 29947259 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1488834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the leaves and stems of the Chinese mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. led to the isolation and structure elucidation of one new pyrido[1,2-a]indole alkaloid named acanthiline A (1), together with one known compound aurantiamide acetate (2). Compound 1 has a previously unreported natural product skeleton. The structure elucidation of 1 was based on the analysis of its 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sheng Cai
- a Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
- b State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Ji-Zheng Sun
- c College of Life Science , Taishan Medical University , Taian 271016 , China
| | - Qing-Qing Tang
- a Institute of TCM and Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
| | - Fengkai Fan
- d Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-Cancer Ingredients, College of Chemistry and Life Science , Hubei University of Education , Wuhan 430205 , China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- b State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- e Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Lead Compounds , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , China
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Murugesu S, Ibrahim Z, Ahmed QU, Nik Yusoff NI, Uzir BF, Perumal V, Abas F, Saari K, El-Seedi H, Khatib A. Characterization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Clinacanthus nutans Lindau Leaves by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Docking Simulation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092402. [PMID: 30235889 PMCID: PMC6225325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) is an Acanthaceae herbal shrub traditionally consumed to treat various diseases including diabetes in Malaysia. This study was designed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of C. nutans leaves extracts, and to identify the metabolites responsible for the bioactivity. METHODS Crude extract obtained from the dried leaves using 80% methanolic solution was further partitioned using different polarity solvents. The resultant extracts were investigated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential followed by metabolites profiling using the gas chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS Multivariate data analysis was developed by correlating the bioactivity, and GC-MS data generated a suitable partial least square (PLS) model resulting in 11 bioactive compounds, namely, palmitic acid, phytol, hexadecanoic acid (methyl ester), 1-monopalmitin, stigmast-5-ene, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, 1-linolenoylglycerol, glycerol monostearate, alpha-tocospiro B, and stigmasterol. In-silico study via molecular docking was carried out using the crystal structure Saccharomyces cerevisiae isomaltase (PDB code: 3A4A). Interactions between the inhibitors and the protein were predicted involving residues, namely LYS156, THR310, PRO312, LEU313, GLU411, and ASN415 with hydrogen bond, while PHE314 and ARG315 with hydrophobic bonding. CONCLUSION The study provides informative data on the potential α-glucosidase inhibitors identified in C. nutans leaves, indicating the plant's therapeutic effect to manage hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Murugesu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
| | - Zalikha Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
| | - Qamar-Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
| | - Nik-Idris Nik Yusoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
| | - Bisha-Fathamah Uzir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
| | - Vikneswari Perumal
- Faculty Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Khozirah Saari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Meng X, Xie W, Xu Q, Liang T, Xu X, Sun G, Sun X. Neuroprotective Effects of Radix Scrophulariae on Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury via MAPK Pathways. Molecules 2018; 23:E2401. [PMID: 30235876 PMCID: PMC6225418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a clinically common cerebrovascular disease whose main risks include necrosis, apoptosis and cerebral infarction, all caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Ischemia and reperfusion-induced injury or apoptosis inhibition in human brain tissue may exert an irreplaceable protective effect on ischemic nerves. This process has particular significance for the treatment of stroke patients. However, the development of neuroprotective drugs remains challenging. Radix Scrophulariae, traditionally considered a valuable medicine, has been discovered to have neuroprotective effects. To explore the neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of Radix Scrophulariae (RSAE) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and their underlying mechanisms, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced PC12 cells were used, and a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) mouse model was established. In vitro results showed that 12.5 μg/mL RSAE markedly improved cell viability; inhibited LDH leakage; increased SOD, GSH-Px and CAT enzyme activity; stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential; and reduced OGD-induced cell injury and apoptosis. Additionally, in vivo results preliminarily suggested that in MCAO/R model mice, RSAE treatments attenuated infarct volume; reduced brain water content and nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations; inhibited I/R-induced neurological deficits; reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage release; improved antioxidant capacity by upregulating SOD, GSH-Px and CAT enzyme activity; and reduced neuronal apoptosis, necrosis and loss of neurons. Moreover, it was found that RSAE upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of Bax. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of MAPK signal pathways were elucidated via western blot analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation. In summary, this study investigated the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of RSAE on focal cerebral I/R injury in mice. Radix Scrophulariae has been previously identified as a potential neuroprotective natural plant. Hence, our results may offer insight into discovering new active compounds or drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Many new natural active chemicals in this extract may be discovered by chemical separation and identification and may provide new insights into therapeutic targets in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Weijie Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Quanfu Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tian Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xudong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
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