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Bellone ML, Fiengo L, Cerchia C, Cotugno R, Bader A, Lavecchia A, De Tommasi N, Piaz FD. Impairment of Nucleolin Activity and Phosphorylation by a Trachylobane Diterpene from Psiadia punctulata in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911390. [PMID: 36232690 PMCID: PMC9570042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human nucleolin (hNcl) is a multifunctional protein involved in the progression of various cancers and plays a key role in other pathologies. Therefore, there is still unsatisfied demand for hNcl modulators. Recently, we demonstrated that the plant ent-kaurane diterpene oridonin inhibits hNcl but, unfortunately, this compound is quite toxic for healthy cells. Trachylobane diterpene 6,19-dihydroxy-ent-trachiloban-17-oic acid (compound 12) extracted from Psiadia punctulata (DC.) Vatke (Asteraceae) emerged as a ligand of hNcl from a cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA)-based screening of a small library of diterpenes. Effective interaction between this compound and the protein was demonstrated to occur both in vitro and inside two different types of cancer cells. Based on the experimental and computational data, a model of the hNcl/compound 12 complex was built. Because of this binding, hNcl mRNA chaperone activity was significantly reduced, and the level of phosphorylation of the protein was affected. At the biological level, cancer cell incubation with compound 12 produced a cell cycle block in the subG0/G1 phase and induced early apoptosis, whereas no cytotoxicity towards healthy cells was observed. Overall, these results suggested that 6,19-dihydroxy-ent-trachiloban-17-oic could represent a selective antitumoral agent and a promising lead for designing innovative hNcl inhibitors also usable for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fiengo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- “Drug Discovery” Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence:
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2
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Monasky MM, Micaglio E, Giachino D, Ciconte G, Giannelli L, Locati ET, Ramondini E, Cotugno R, Vicedomini G, Borrelli V, Ghiroldi A, Anastasia L, Pappone C. Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in a Family with Brugada Syndrome Harboring the Novel p.Gln371* Nonsense Variant in the SCN5A Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225522. [PMID: 31698696 PMCID: PMC6888117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is marked by coved ST-segment elevation and increased risk of sudden cardiac death. The genetics of this syndrome are elusive in over half of the cases. Variants in the SCN5A gene are the single most common known genetic unifier, accounting for about a third of cases. Research models, such as animal models and cell lines, are limited. In the present study, we report the novel NM_198056.2:c.1111C>T (p.Gln371*) heterozygous variant in the SCN5A gene, as well as its segregation with BrS in a large family. The results herein suggest a pathogenic effect of this variant. Functional studies are certainly warranted to characterize the molecular effects of this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Monasky
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (M.M.M.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.T.L.); (E.R.); (R.C.); (G.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Emanuele Micaglio
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (M.M.M.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.T.L.); (E.R.); (R.C.); (G.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Daniela Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (M.M.M.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.T.L.); (E.R.); (R.C.); (G.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Luigi Giannelli
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (M.M.M.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.T.L.); (E.R.); (R.C.); (G.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Emanuela T. Locati
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (M.M.M.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.T.L.); (E.R.); (R.C.); (G.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Elisa Ramondini
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (M.M.M.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.T.L.); (E.R.); (R.C.); (G.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (M.M.M.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.T.L.); (E.R.); (R.C.); (G.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Gabriele Vicedomini
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (M.M.M.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.T.L.); (E.R.); (R.C.); (G.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Valeria Borrelli
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (M.M.M.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.T.L.); (E.R.); (R.C.); (G.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (A.G.); (L.A.)
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (A.G.); (L.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy; (M.M.M.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (L.G.); (E.T.L.); (E.R.); (R.C.); (G.V.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-0252774260/4306
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D'Ambola M, Fiengo L, Chini MG, Cotugno R, Bader A, Bifulco G, Braca A, De Tommasi N, Dal Piaz F. Fusicoccane Diterpenes from Hypoestes forsskaolii as Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Modulators. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:539-549. [PMID: 30839211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ten new (1-10) and six known (11-16) fusicoccane diterpenes were isolated from the roots of Hypoestes forsskaolii. The structural characterization of 1-10 was performed by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, ECD, and HRESIMS experiments. From a perspective of obtaining potential Hsp90α inhibitors, the isolates were screened by surface plasmon resonance measurements and their cytotoxic activity was assayed using Jurkat and HeLa cancer cells. Compound 6, 18-hydroxyhypoestenone, was shown to be the most active compound against Hsp90, and its interactions were studied also by biochemical and cellular assays and by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano D'Ambola
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fiengo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Ammar Bader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 33 , 56126 Pisa , Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute" , Università di Pisa , Via del Borghetto 80 , 56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana" , Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 , 84084 Fisciano ( SA ), Italy
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4
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Vasaturo M, Cotugno R, Fiengo L, Vinegoni C, Dal Piaz F, De Tommasi N. The anti-tumor diterpene oridonin is a direct inhibitor of Nucleolin in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16735. [PMID: 30425290 PMCID: PMC6233161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive plant diterpene oridonin displays important pharmacological activities and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine; however, its molecular mechanism of action is still incompletely described. In vitro and in vivo data have demonstrated anti-tumor activity of oridonin and its ability to interfere with several cell pathways; however, presently only the molecular chaperone HSP70 has been identified as a direct potential target of this compound. Here, using a combination of different proteomic approaches, innovative Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) experiments, and classical biochemical methods, we demonstrate that oridonin interacts with Nucleolin, effectively modulating the activity of this multifunctional protein. The ability of oridonin to target Nucleolin and/or HSP70 could account for the bioactivity profile of this plant diterpene. Recently, Nucleolin has attracted attention as a druggable target, as its diverse functions are implicated in pathological processes such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infection. However, up to now, no small molecule as Nucleolin binders has been reported, thus our finding represents the first evidence of Nucleolin modulation by a small inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vasaturo
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Department of Pharmacy, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, (SA), Italy
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Ph. D. School of Pharmacy, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, (SA), Italy
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Department of Pharmacy, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, (SA), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fiengo
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Department of Pharmacy, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, (SA), Italy
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Ph. D. School of Pharmacy, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, (SA), Italy
| | - Claudio Vinegoni
- Harvard Medical School, MGH Center for Systems Biology, 185 Cambridge Steet, 02144, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via S. Allende, 84081, Baronissi, (SA), Italy.
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Department of Pharmacy, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, (SA), Italy
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5
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Benayache F, D'Ambola M, Cotugno R, Chaouche M, Benayache S, Benayache F, Braca A, De Tommasi N. A New Triterpene Glucoside from Genista numidica. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new oleanolic acid triterpene glucoside, 3- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,21β,28-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-27-oic acid (1), has been isolated together with twelve known compounds from the chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Genista numidica Spach (Fabaceae) aerial parts. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses, mainly 1D-, 2D-NMR and MS data, and comparison with the literature. The antiproliferative activity of isolates was investigated on Jurkat, HeLa, and MCF7 cell lines. The most active triterpene, 3- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-olean-12-en-3β,27,28,29-tetraol, showed activity in all cell lines. Further studies revealed that this compound induced in HeLa cells a cytostatic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feryal Benayache
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules and Physiochemical and Biological Analysis, University of Constantine 1, Algeria
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Massimiliano D'Ambola
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Massika Chaouche
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules and Physiochemical and Biological Analysis, University of Constantine 1, Algeria
| | - Samir Benayache
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules and Physiochemical and Biological Analysis, University of Constantine 1, Algeria
| | - Fadila Benayache
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules and Physiochemical and Biological Analysis, University of Constantine 1, Algeria
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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6
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Abstract
The aerial parts of Guarea guidonia afforded three new tirucallane-type triterpenoids: 3,4-seco-tirucalla-4(28),8(9),24(25)-trien-7α,11α-dihydroxy-21,23-epoxy-3,11-olide, named guareolide (1: ), 3,4-seco-tirucalla-4(28),7(8),24(25)-trien-21-hydroxy-21,23-epoxy-3-oic acid, named guareoic acid A (2: ), and 3,4-seco-tirucalla-4(28),7(8),24(25)-trien-21,23-epoxy-3-oic acid, named guareoic acid B (3: ), of which 1: possessed an unusual seven-membered lactone ring. Seven known terpenes were also isolated and characterized as flindissone, 7-acetyldihydronomilin, picroquassin E, boscartol C, and cneorubins A, B, and X. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The isolates were investigated for their potential cytotoxic activity on Jurkat, HeLa, and MCF7 cancer cell lines. Flindissone and compound 2: showed an antiproliferative activity in all cell lines. Further studies revealed that flindissone, the most active compound, induced in Jurkat and HeLa cells both cytostatic and cytotoxic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hernandez
- Departamento de Farmacognosia y Medicamentos Organicos, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute," Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute," Università di Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lorella Severino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzione Animale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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7
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Belaabed S, Beghidja N, Ayoub K, D'Ambola M, De Leo M, Cotugno R, Marzocco S, De Tommasi N. Phytochemical Study and Antioxidant Activity of Calligonum azel and C. comosum. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One new phenolic compound (1) together with nine known derivatives were isolated from the aerial part apolar extracts of Calligonum azel Maire and Calligonum comosum L'Hér (Polygonaceae). Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, as well as ESI-MS analysis. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of pure compounds was evaluated in J774A.1 murine macrophages and Jurkat cells. Among tested molecules, 4-ethoxy-1,2-benzendiol, tamgermanetin, and α,β-diamino-4-hydroxybenzene butanoic acid exerted the more interesting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Belaabed
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physiochemical and Biological Analysis, University Mentouri Constantine 1, 325 route Ain El Bey, Constantine 21017, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Beghidja
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physiochemical and Biological Analysis, University Mentouri Constantine 1, 325 route Ain El Bey, Constantine 21017, Algeria
| | - Khalfaoui Ayoub
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physiochemical and Biological Analysis, University Mentouri Constantine 1, 325 route Ain El Bey, Constantine 21017, Algeria
| | - Massimiliano D'Ambola
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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8
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Bechlem H, Mencherini T, Bouheroum M, Benayache S, Cotugno R, Braca A, De Tommasi N. New Constituents from Gymnocarpos decander. Planta Med 2017; 83:1200-1206. [PMID: 28561159 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of Gymnocarpos decander aerial parts extract afforded two new saponins, 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2β,3β,16α,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ester (1), 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2β,3β,16α-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ester (2), and three new flavonol glycosides, isorhamnetin 3-O-2''''-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), isorhamnetin 3-O-2‴-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), and quercetin 3-O-2‴-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), together with three known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The new isolates were investigated for their potential cytotoxic activity on three cancer cell lines. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houria Bechlem
- Unité de Recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), Université Constantine 1, Constantine, Algérie
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Mohamed Bouheroum
- Unité de Recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), Université Constantine 1, Constantine, Algérie
| | - Samir Benayache
- Unité de Recherche Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), Université Constantine 1, Constantine, Algérie
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Beladjila KA, Cotugno R, Berrehal D, Kabouche Z, De Tommasi N, Braca A, De Leo M. Cytotoxic triterpenes from Salvia buchananii roots. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2025-2030. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1365072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadidja Aya Beladjila
- Laboratoire d’Obtention des Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Département de Chimie, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy, Pisa, Italy
| | - Djemaa Berrehal
- Laboratoire d’Obtention des Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Département de Chimie, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Laboratoire d’Obtention des Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Département de Chimie, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Fisciano, Italy
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10
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Cotugno R, Basile A, Romano E, Gallotta D, Belisario MA. BAG3 down-modulation sensitizes HPV18(+) HeLa cells to PEITC-induced apoptosis and restores p53. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:263-71. [PMID: 25175321 PMCID: PMC7116956 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BAG3 down-modulation by siRNA technology restored p53. Reduced BAG3 expression sensitized HeLa but not C33A (HPV-negative) cells to PEITC. Reduced BAG3 expression was associated with a decrease of E6 viral protein levels.
BAG3 is a multi-functional component of tumor cell pro-survival machinery, and its biological functions have been largely associated to proteasome system. Here, we show that BAG3 down-modulation resulted in reduced cell viability and enhanced PEITC-induced apoptosis largely more extensively in HeLa (HPV18+) rather than in C33A (HPV−) cervical carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, we demonstrate that BAG3 suppression led to a decrease of viral E6 oncoprotein and a concomitant recovery of p53 tumor suppressor, the best recognized target of E6 for proteasome degradation. E6 and p53 expression were modulated at protein level, since their respective mRNAs were unaffected. Taken together our findings reveal a novel role for BAG3 as host protein contributing to HPV18 E6-activated pro-survival strategies, and suggest a possible relevance of its expression levels in drug/radiotherapy-resistance of HPV18-bearing cervical carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cotugno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n.132, Fisciano, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Basile
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n.132, Fisciano, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Elena Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n.132, Fisciano, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Dario Gallotta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n.132, Fisciano, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Belisario
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n.132, Fisciano, 84084, Salerno, Italy.
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11
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Gualtieri MJ, Malafronte N, Vassallo A, Braca A, Cotugno R, Vasaturo M, De Tommasi N, Dal Piaz F. Bioactive limonoids from the leaves of Azaridachta indica (Neem). J Nat Prod 2014; 77:596-602. [PMID: 24499352 DOI: 10.1021/np400863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eight new limonoids (1-8) and one new phenol glycoside (9), along with six known compounds, were isolated from the leaves of Azaridachta indica. The structures of 1-9 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. Compounds isolated were assayed for their cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. Moreover, their ability to interact with the molecular chaperone Hsp90, affecting its biological activity, was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Gualtieri
- Laboratorio de Medicamentos Organicos Sector Campo de Oro, Departamento de Farmacognosia y Medicamentos Organicos, Universidad de Los Andes , detras del HULA, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
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12
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Cotugno R, Gallotta D, Piaz FD, Apicella I, De Falco S, Rosselli S, Bruno M, Belisario MA. Powerful tumor cell growth-inhibiting activity of a synthetic derivative of atractyligenin: Involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway and thioredoxin system. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Four new clerodane diterpenes (1-4) and one new phenylpropanoid (5) have been isolated from Clerodendrum splendens aerial parts, together with nine known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis and chemical methods. The absolute configuration of the 15,16-diol moiety in 4 was determined by Snatzke's method. Antiproliferative activity of diterpenes in HeLa cells was also evaluated. The IC50 values were 98 ± 11 µM for 3 and 101 ± 8 µM for 1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faiella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Cotugno R, Gallotta D, d'Avenia M, Corteggio A, Altamura G, Roperto F, Belisario MA, Borzacchiello G. BAG3 protects bovine papillomavirus type 1-transformed equine fibroblasts against pro-death signals. Vet Res 2013; 44:61. [PMID: 23876161 PMCID: PMC3729419 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In human cancer cells, BAG3 protein is known to sustain cell survival. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the expression of BAG3 protein both in equine sarcoids in vivo and in EqS04b cells, a sarcoid-derived fully transformed cell line harbouring bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-1 genome. Evidence of a possible involvement of BAG3 in equine sarcoid carcinogenesis was obtained by immunohistochemistry analysis of tumour samples. We found that most tumour samples stained positive for BAG3, even though to a different grade, while normal dermal fibroblasts from healthy horses displayed very weak staining pattern for BAG3 expression. By siRNA technology, we demonstrate in EqS04b the role of BAG3 in counteracting basal as well as chemical-triggered pro-death signals. BAG3 down-modulation was indeed shown to promote cell death and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. In addition, we found that BAG3 silencing sensitized EqS04b cells to phenethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), a promising cancer chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent present in edible cruciferous vegetables. Notably, such a pro-survival role of BAG3 was less marked in E. Derm cells, an equine BPV-negative fibroblast cell line taken as a normal counterpart. Altogether our findings might suggest a mutual cooperation between BAG3 and viral oncoproteins to sustain cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cotugno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n,132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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Dal Piaz F, Cotugno R, Lepore L, Vassallo A, Malafronte N, Lauro G, Bifulco G, Belisario MA, De Tommasi N. Chemical proteomics reveals HSP70 1A as a target for the anticancer diterpene oridonin in Jurkat cells. J Proteomics 2013; 82:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Piaz FD, Vassallo A, Temraz A, Cotugno R, Belisario MA, Bifulco G, Chini MG, Pisano C, De Tommasi N, Braca A. A Chemical–Biological Study Reveals C9-type Iridoids as Novel Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1583-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301398y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo,
84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale
dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Nasr-City, 11371 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo,
84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Maria A. Belisario
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo,
84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo,
84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Maria G. Chini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo,
84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Claudio Pisano
- Sigma-Tau Research and Development, Via Pontina Km 30,400, 00040 Pomezia
(RM), Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo,
84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Pisa,
Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa,
Italy
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Falasca P, Evangelista G, Cotugno R, Marco S, Masullo M, De Vendittis E, Raimo G. Properties of the endogenous components of the thioredoxin system in the psychrophilic eubacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC 125. Extremophiles 2012; 16:539-52. [PMID: 22527046 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous components of the thioredoxin system in the Antarctic eubacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis have been purified and characterised. The temperature dependence of the activities sustained by thioredoxin (PhTrx) and thioredoxin reductase (PhTrxR) pointed to their adaptation in the cold growth environment. PhTrxR was purified as a flavoenzyme and its activity was significantly enhanced in the presence of molar concentration of monovalent cations. The energetics of the partial reactions leading to the whole electron transfer from NADPH to the target protein substrate in the reconstituted thioredoxin system was also investigated. While the initial electron transfer from NADPH to PhTrxR was energetically favoured, the final passage to the heterologous protein substrate enhanced the energetic barrier of the whole process. The energy of activation of the heat inactivation process essentially reflected the psychrophilic origin of PhTrxR. Vice versa, PhTrx possessed an exceptional heat resistance (half-life, 4.4 h at 95 °C), ranking this protein among the most thermostable enzymes reported so far in psychrophiles. PhTrxR was covalently modified by glutathione, mainly by its oxidised or nitrosylated forms. A mutagenic analysis realised on three non catalytic cysteines of the flavoenzyme allowed the identification of C(303) as the target for the S-glutathionylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Falasca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Università del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090, Pesche, IS, Italy
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Cotugno R, Fortunato R, Santoro A, Gallotta D, Braca A, De Tommasi N, Belisario MA. Effect of sesquiterpene lactone coronopilin on leukaemia cell population growth, cell type-specific induction of apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe. Cell Prolif 2011; 45:53-65. [PMID: 22168177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate anti-leukaemic potential of coronopilin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Ambrosia arborescens, and to characterize mechanism(s) underlying its activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on Jurkat and U937, two leukaemia-derived cell lines. Apoptosis and impairment of cell cycle progression were evaluated by flow cytometry and by microscopic analysis. Changes in protein expression and activation were evaluated by western blot analysis. Coronopilin-tubulin covalent adducts were demonstrated by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Coronopilin inhibited (IC(50) ≤ 20 μm) leukaemia cell population growth, but displayed poor cytotoxicity to normal white blood cells. On Jurkat cells, coronopilin exerted cell population growth inhibition activity, mainly by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis. Conversely, in U937 cells, coronopilin's primary response was a robust arrest in G(2) /M. Marked increase in mitotic index and presence of activated cyclin B1/Cdk1 complex, phosphorylated histone H3 at Ser10, and hyperpolymerized tubulin indicated that cells accumulated in mitosis. Prolonged mitotic arrest ultimately resulted in U937 mitotic catastrophe, and dying cells exhibited the features of non-caspase-dependent death. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that coronopilin efficiently inhibited leukaemia cell population growth by triggering cell type-specific responses. Moreover, coronopilin-mediated cell population expansion inhibition was specific to neoplastic cells, as normal white blood cell viability was not significantly affected. Thus, coronopilin may represent an interesting new chemical scaffold upon which to develop new anti-leukaemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cotugno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Lepore L, Gualtieri MJ, Malafronte N, Cotugno R, Dal Piaz F, Ambrosio L, De Falco S, De Tommasi N. Anti-angiogenic activity evaluation of secondary metabolites from Calycolpus moritzianus leaves. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6:943-946. [PMID: 21834229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial step in many pathological conditions like cancer, inflammation and metastasis formation; on these basis the search for antiangiogenic agents has widened. In order to identify new compounds able to interfere in the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1, also known as Flt-1) recognition by VEGFs family members, we screened Calycolpus moritzianus (O. Berg) Burret leaves extracts by a competitive ELISA-based assay. MeOH and CHCl3 extracts and several their fractions demonstrated to be able to prevent VEGF or PlGF interaction with Flt-1, with an inhibition about 50% at concentration of 100 microg/mL. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of the active fractions led to the isolation of flavonoids, and terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lepore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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20
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Lepore L, Gualtieri MJ, Malafronte N, Cotugno R, Dal Piaz F, Ambrosio L, De Falco S, De Tommasi N. Anti-angiogenic Activity Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites from Calycolpus Moritzianus Leaves. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial step in many pathological conditions like cancer, inflammation and metastasis formation; on these basis the search for antiangiogenic agents has widened. In order to identify new compounds able to interfere in the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1, also known as Flt-1) recognition by VEGFs family members, we screened Calycolpus moritzianus (O. Berg) Burret leaves extracts by a competitive ELISA-based assay. MeOH and CHCl3 extracts and several their fractions demonstrated to be able to prevent VEGF or PlGF interaction with Flt-1, with an inhibition about 50% at concentration of 100 μg/mL. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of the active fractions led to the isolation of flavonoids, and terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lepore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria J. Gualtieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Malafronte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberta Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Letizia Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sandro De Falco
- Angiogenesis Lab, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘Adriano Buzzati-Traverso’, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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Bader A, De Tommasi N, Cotugno R, Braca A. Phenolic compounds from the roots of Jordanian viper's grass, Scorzonera judaica. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:1421-1426. [PMID: 21650157 DOI: 10.1021/np200143s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nine new phenolic compounds, 3S-hydrangenol 40-O-R-L-rhamnopyranoysl-(1-->3)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), thunberginol F 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 2-hydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]benzoic acid (3), 2-hydroxy-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]benzoic acid (4), 2-hydroxy-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-5-methoxy)-2-oxoethyl]benzoic acid (5), hydrangeic acid 40-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), E-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)dihydrofuran-2-one (7), Z-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2(3H)-furanone (8), and 4-[β-D-glucopyranosyl)hydroxy]-pinoresinol (9), and nine known compounds were isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica. Structures of 1-9 were elucidated by mass spectrometry, extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and CD spectroscopy.All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Bader
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah Private University of Jordan , P.O. Box 130, 11733 Amman, Jordan
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Castellano I, Cecere F, De Vendittis A, Cotugno R, Chambery A, Di Maro A, Michniewicz A, Parlato G, Masullo M, Avvedimento EV, De Vendittis E, Ruocco MR. Rat mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase: amino acid positions involved in covalent modifications, activity, and heat stability. Biopolymers 2010; 91:1215-26. [PMID: 19384983 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of three amino acid residues (Q143, Y34, S82) of rat mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (ratSOD2) in the enzymatic activity, thermostability, and post-translational modification of the enzyme was investigated through site-directed mutagenesis studies. Six recombinant forms of the enzyme were produced, carrying the Q143 or H143 residue with or without the Y34F or S82A replacement. All proteins bound manganese as active cofactor and were organized as homotetramers. The greatest effect on the activity (sixfold reduction) was observed in ratSOD2 forms containing the H143 variant, whereas Y34F and S82A substitutions moderately reduced the enzymatic activity compared to the Q143 form. Heat inactivation studies showed the high thermo-tolerance of ratSOD2 and allowed an evaluation of the related activation parameters of the heat inactivation process. Compared to Q143, the H143 variant was significantly less heat stable and displayed moderately lower enthalpic and entropic factors; the Y34F substitution caused a moderate reduction of heat stability, whereas the S82A replacement slightly improved the thermo-tolerance of the Q143 variant; both substitutions significantly increased enthalpic and entropic factors of heat inactivation, the greatest effect being observed with S82A substitution. All recombinant forms of ratSOD2 were glutathionylated in Escherichia coli, a feature pointing to the high reactivity of ratSOD2 toward glutathione. Moreover, the S82 position of the enzyme was phosphorylated in an in vitro system containing human mitochondrial protein extracts as source of protein kinases. These data highlight the role played by some residues in ratSOD2 and suggest a fine regulation of the enzyme occurring in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Castellano
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Cotugno R, Rosaria Ruocco M, Marco S, Falasca P, Evangelista G, Raimo G, Chambery A, Di Maro A, Masullo M, De Vendittis E. Differential cold-adaptation among protein components of the thioredoxin system in the psychrophilic eubacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC 125. Mol Biosyst 2009; 5:519-28. [PMID: 19381366 DOI: 10.1039/b818467d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase from the psychrophilic eubacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis were obtained as recombinant His-tagged proteins (rPhTrx and rPhTrxR, respectively). rPhTrxR is organised as a homodimeric flavoenzyme, whereas rPhTrx is a small monomeric protein, both containing a functional disulfide bridge. However, three additional cysteines are present as free thiols in purified rPhTrxR. When individually tested in specific assays, rPhTrxR and rPhTrx display a full activity at low temperatures, an indispensable requirement for cold-adapted proteins. In particular, rPhTrxR catalyses the NADPH dependent reduction of DTNB and rPhTrx provokes the insulin precipitation in the presence of DTT. The analysis of the effect of temperature on these reactions indicates that rPhTrxR is more cold-adapted than rPhTrx, having a higher psychrophilicity. The combined activity of rPhTrxR and rPhTrx, tested in a reconstituted assay containing NADPH as electrons donor and human insulin as the thioredoxin substrate, demonstrates a direct functional interaction between the purified recombinant components of the thioredoxin system of P. haloplanktis. Furthermore, the NADPH-dependent reduction of rPhTrx catalysed by rPhTrxR is fully reversible and allows the determination of its redox potential, whose value is in the range of other bacterial and archaeal thioredoxins. The analysis of the thermostability of rPhTrxR points to its discrete heat resistance. However, rPhTrx is much more heat resistant, with a half inactivation time of about 4 h at 95 degrees C. This exceptional heat resistance for a psychrophilic protein is significantly decreased by the reduction of the disulfide bridge of rPhTrx. Functionality, thermodependence and thermostability of the P. haloplanktis thioredoxin system point to the relevance of this key mechanism for the preservation of the reduced state of cytoplasmic proteins even in a cold-adapted source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cotugno
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Ancona N, Maglietta R, Piepoli A, D'Addabbo A, Cotugno R, Savino M, Liuni S, Carella M, Pesole G, Perri F. On the statistical assessment of classifiers using DNA microarray data. BMC Bioinformatics 2006; 7:387. [PMID: 16919171 PMCID: PMC1564153 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-7-387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this paper we present a method for the statistical assessment of cancer predictors which make use of gene expression profiles. The methodology is applied to a new data set of microarray gene expression data collected in Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Foggia – Italy. The data set is made up of normal (22) and tumor (25) specimens extracted from 25 patients affected by colon cancer. We propose to give answers to some questions which are relevant for the automatic diagnosis of cancer such as: Is the size of the available data set sufficient to build accurate classifiers? What is the statistical significance of the associated error rates? In what ways can accuracy be considered dependant on the adopted classification scheme? How many genes are correlated with the pathology and how many are sufficient for an accurate colon cancer classification? The method we propose answers these questions whilst avoiding the potential pitfalls hidden in the analysis and interpretation of microarray data. Results We estimate the generalization error, evaluated through the Leave-K-Out Cross Validation error, for three different classification schemes by varying the number of training examples and the number of the genes used. The statistical significance of the error rate is measured by using a permutation test. We provide a statistical analysis in terms of the frequencies of the genes involved in the classification. Using the whole set of genes, we found that the Weighted Voting Algorithm (WVA) classifier learns the distinction between normal and tumor specimens with 25 training examples, providing e = 21% (p = 0.045) as an error rate. This remains constant even when the number of examples increases. Moreover, Regularized Least Squares (RLS) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers can learn with only 15 training examples, with an error rate of e = 19% (p = 0.035) and e = 18% (p = 0.037) respectively. Moreover, the error rate decreases as the training set size increases, reaching its best performances with 35 training examples. In this case, RLS and SVM have error rates of e = 14% (p = 0.027) and e = 11% (p = 0.019). Concerning the number of genes, we found about 6000 genes (p < 0.05) correlated with the pathology, resulting from the signal-to-noise statistic. Moreover the performances of RLS and SVM classifiers do not change when 74% of genes is used. They progressively reduce up to e = 16% (p < 0.05) when only 2 genes are employed. The biological relevance of a set of genes determined by our statistical analysis and the major roles they play in colorectal tumorigenesis is discussed. Conclusions The method proposed provides statistically significant answers to precise questions relevant for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. We found that, with as few as 15 examples, it is possible to train statistically significant classifiers for colon cancer diagnosis. As for the definition of the number of genes sufficient for a reliable classification of colon cancer, our results suggest that it depends on the accuracy required.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ancona
- lstituto di Studi sui Sistemi Intelligenti per I'Automazione – CNR, Via Amendola 122/D-l, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Maglietta
- lstituto di Studi sui Sistemi Intelligenti per I'Automazione – CNR, Via Amendola 122/D-l, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - A Piepoli
- Unità Operativa di Gastroenterologia, IRCCS, Servizio di Genetica Medica, IRCCS, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza"-Ospedale, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - A D'Addabbo
- lstituto di Studi sui Sistemi Intelligenti per I'Automazione – CNR, Via Amendola 122/D-l, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R Cotugno
- Unità Operativa di Gastroenterologia, IRCCS, Servizio di Genetica Medica, IRCCS, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza"-Ospedale, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - M Savino
- Unità Operativa di Gastroenterologia, IRCCS, Servizio di Genetica Medica, IRCCS, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza"-Ospedale, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - S Liuni
- lstituto di Tecnologie Biomediche – Sede di Bari – CNR Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Carella
- Unità Operativa di Gastroenterologia, IRCCS, Servizio di Genetica Medica, IRCCS, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza"-Ospedale, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - G Pesole
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare – Universitá di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- lstituto di Tecnologie Biomediche – Sede di Bari – CNR Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Perri
- Unità Operativa di Gastroenterologia, IRCCS, Servizio di Genetica Medica, IRCCS, "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza"-Ospedale, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
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Perri F, Piepoli A, Bonvicini C, Gentile A, Quitadamo M, Di Candia M, Cotugno R, Cattaneo F, Zagari MR, Ricciardiello L, Gennarelli M, Bazzoli F, Ranzani GN, Andriulli A. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in gastric cancer patients from two Italian areas at high and low cancer prevalence. Cytokine 2005; 30:293-302. [PMID: 15927855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2005.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Revised: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1-RN), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) genes are supposed to be key determinants of gastric cancer risk. Our aim was to study the association between these polymorphisms and gastric cancer in two areas characterized by high (Pavia/Bologna, North Italy) and low (San Giovanni Rotondo, South Italy) gastric cancer prevalence. Genomic DNA was obtained from 216 healthy donors and 98 gastric cancer patients from Pavia and Bologna, and 146 healthy donors and 86 gastric cancer patients from San Giovanni Rotondo. Two SNP in IL-1beta (-511 C/T) and TNF-alpha (-308 G/A) as well as the VNTR polymorphism of IL-1RN locus were studied. A significant linkage disequilibrium was found between IL-1beta -511 and IL-1RN. Genotype and allele frequencies at the IL-1beta, IL-1RN, and TNF-alpha loci in gastric cancer cases were not significantly different from controls. An epistatic effect between IL-1beta -511 and IL-1RN was found with the IL-1beta -511C/IL-1RN*2 haplotype conferring a significant protection against the intestinal-type of gastric cancer in the Southern population. In conclusion, IL-1beta, IL1-RN, and TNF-alpha genotypes are not associated with gastric cancer in Italian patients. An epistatic interrelationship between IL-1beta -511 and IL-1RN confers protection against gastric cancer in low-risk Italian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perri
- Department and Research Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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