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Meireles DDA, Yokomizo CH, Silva FP, Venâncio TM, Degenhardt MFDS, Oliveira CLPD, Netto LES. Functional diversity of YbbN/CnoX proteins: Insights from a comparative analysis of three thioredoxin-like oxidoreductases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xylella fastidiosa and Escherichia coli. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103128. [PMID: 38554523 PMCID: PMC10998233 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
YbbN/CnoX are proteins that display a Thioredoxin (Trx) domain linked to a tetratricopeptide domain. YbbN from Escherichia coli (EcYbbN) displays a co-chaperone (holdase) activity that is induced by HOCl. Here, we compared EcYbbN with YbbN proteins from Xylella fastidiosa (XfYbbN) and from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaYbbN). EcYbbN presents a redox active Cys residue at Trx domain (Cys63), 24 residues away from SQHC motif (SQHC[N24]C) that can form mixed disulfides with target proteins. In contrast, XfYbbN and PaYbbN present two Cys residues in the CXXC (CAPC) motif, while only PaYbbN shows the Cys residue equivalent to Cys63 of EcYbbN. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the YbbN proteins are in the bacteria domain of life and that their members can be divided into four groups according to the conserved Cys residues. EcYbbN (SQHC[N24]C), XfYbbN (CAPC[N24]V) and PaYbbN (CAPC[N24]C) are representatives of three sub-families. In contrast to EcYbbN, both XfYbbN and PaYbbN: (1) reduced an artificial disulfide (DTNB) and (2) supported the peroxidase activity of Peroxiredoxin Q from X. fastidiosa, suggesting that these proteins might function similarly to the canonical Trx enzymes. Indeed, XfYbbN was reduced by XfTrx reductase with a high catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km = 1.27 x 107 M-1 s-1), similar to the canonical XfTrx (XfTsnC). Furthermore, EcYbbN and XfYbbN, but not PaYbbN displayed HOCl-induced holdase activity. Remarkably, EcYbbN gained disulfide reductase activity while lost the HOCl-activated chaperone function, when the SQHC was replaced by CQHC. In contrast, the XfYbbN CAPA mutant lost the disulfide reductase activity, while kept its HOCl-induced chaperone function. In all cases, the induction of the holdase activity was accompanied by YbbN oligomerization. Finally, we showed that deletion of ybbN gene did not render in P. aeruginosa more sensitive stressful treatments. Therefore, YbbN/CnoX proteins display distinct properties, depending on the presence of the three conserved Cys residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo de Abreu Meireles
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, (LFBM), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos do Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - César Henrique Yokomizo
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisnei Pedrosa Silva
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Peptídeos e Proteínas (LQFPP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos do Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Motta Venâncio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Peptídeos e Proteínas (LQFPP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos do Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Eduardo Soares Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Dagsuyu E, Yanardag R. Purification of thioredoxin reductase from Spirulina platensis by affinity chromatography and investigation of kinetic properties. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 216:106417. [PMID: 38110108 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system consists of thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Spirulina platensis, which is one of the blue-green algae in the form of spiral rings, belongs to the cyanobacteria class. Spirulina platensis can produce Trx under stress conditions. If it can produce Trx, it also has TrxR activity. Therefore, in this study, the TrxR enzyme was purified for the first time from Spirulina platensis, an algae the most grown and also used as a nutritional supplement in the world. A two-step purification process was used: preparation of the homogenate and 2',5'-ADP sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The enzyme was purified with a purification fold of 1059.51, a recovery yield of 9.7 %, and a specific activity of 5.77 U/mg protein. The purified TrxR was tested for purity by SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of its subunit was found to be about 45 kDa. Optimum pH, temperature and ionic strength of the enzyme were pH 7.0, 40 °C and 750 mM in phosphate buffer respectively. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity of enzyme (Vmax) values for NADPH and 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) are 5 μM and 2.2 mM, and 0.0033 U/mL and 0.0044 U/mL, respectively. Storage stability of the purified enzyme was determined at several temperatures. The inhibition effects of Ag+, Cu2+, Al3+ and Se4+ metal ions on the purified TrxR activity were investigated in vitro. While Se4+ ion increased the enzyme activity, other tested metal ions showed different type of inhibitory effects on the Lineweaver-Burk graphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Dagsuyu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Villar SF, Corrales-González L, Márquez de Los Santos B, Dalla Rizza J, Zeida A, Denicola A, Ferrer-Sueta G. Kinetic and structural assessment of the reduction of human 2-Cys peroxiredoxins by thioredoxins. FEBS J 2024; 291:778-794. [PMID: 37985387 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the reduction reactions of two cytosolic human peroxiredoxins (Prx) in their disulfide form by three thioredoxins (Trx; two human and one bacterial), with the aim of better understanding the rate and mechanism of those reactions, and their relevance in the context of the catalytic cycle of Prx. We have developed a new methodology based on stopped-flow and intrinsic fluorescence to study the bimolecular reactions, and found rate constants in the range of 105 -106 m-1 s-1 in all cases, showing that there is no marked kinetic preference for the expected Trx partner. By combining experimental findings and molecular dynamics studies, we found that the reactivity of the nucleophilic cysteine (CN ) in the Trx is greatly affected by the formation of the Prx-Trx complex. The protein-protein interaction forces the CN thiolate into an unfavorable hydrophobic microenvironment that reduces its hydration and results in a remarkable acceleration of the thiol-disulfide exchange reactions by more than three orders of magnitude and also produces a measurable shift in the pKa of the CN . This mechanism of activation of the thiol disulfide exchange may help understand the reduction of Prx by alternative reductants involved in redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián F Villar
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Corrales-González
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Belén Márquez de Los Santos
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joaquín Dalla Rizza
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ari Zeida
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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4
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Govednik T, Lainšček D, Kuhar U, Lachish M, Janežič S, Štrbenc M, Krapež U, Jerala R, Atlas D, Manček-Keber M. TXM peptides inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, syncytia formation, and lower inflammatory consequences. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105806. [PMID: 38211737 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
After three years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the search and availability of relatively low-cost benchtop therapeutics for people not at high risk for a severe disease are still ongoing. Although vaccines and new SARS-CoV-2 variants reduce the death toll, the long COVID-19 along with neurologic symptoms can develop and persist even after a mild initial infection. Reinfections, which further increase the risk of sequelae in multiple organ systems as well as the risk of death, continue to require caution. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is an important target for both vaccines and therapeutics. The presence of disulfide bonds in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein is essential for its binding to the human ACE2 receptor and cell entry. Here, we demonstrate that thiol-reducing peptides based on the active site of oxidoreductase thioredoxin 1, called thioredoxin mimetic (TXM) peptides, can prevent syncytia formation, SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, and infection in a mouse model. We also show that TXM peptides inhibit the redox-sensitive HIV pseudotyped viral cell entry. These results support disulfide targeting as a common therapeutic strategy for treating infections caused by viruses using redox-sensitive fusion. Furthermore, TXM peptides exert anti-inflammatory properties by lowering the activation of NF-κB and IRF signaling pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokines in mice. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the TXM peptides, which also cross the blood-brain barrier, in combination with prevention of viral infections, may provide a beneficial clinical strategy to lower viral infections and mitigate severe consequences of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Govednik
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Duško Lainšček
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence EN-FIST, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Kuhar
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marva Lachish
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Sandra Janežič
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Malan Štrbenc
- Institute for Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Krapež
- Institute of Poultry, Birds, Small Mammals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence EN-FIST, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daphne Atlas
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Mateja Manček-Keber
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence EN-FIST, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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5
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Pineda-Alemán R, Alviz-Amador A, Galindo-Murillo R, Pérez-González H, Rodríguez-Cavallo E, Méndez-Cuadro D. Cysteine carbonylation with reactive carbonyl species from lipid peroxidation induce local structural changes on thioredoxin active site. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 124:108533. [PMID: 37311331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein oxidative modifications with reactive carbonyl species (RCS) is directly linked to metabolic processes in premature aging, cancer, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. RCS as 4-Hydroxy-2-nonal (HNE), 4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), 4-Oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) attack nucleophilic amino acids residues forming irreversible adducts with proteins as Thioredoxins (Trx). This is a class of small thiol oxide-reductases playing a key role in redox signaling and oxidative stress responses in mammals. Although proteomic studies have identified to Cys-32 residue as a target of HNE attack that inhibit its enzymatic activity, how this carbonylation affects its structure and dynamic behavior at the atomic level is unknown. Even more, the molecular bases for the atomistic behavior of these modified proteins have not been completely understood. We present molecular dynamics simulations of Trx-modified with four different RCS to analyze its global and local structural effects. For this, parameters supported in the AMBER force fields were built and validated for three non-natural cysteine residues modified with HHE, ONE and MDA. Results obtained showed a slight change in the global conformational stability of Trx modified with HNE and MDA, establishing that all modified proteins presented local regions of high mobility in the modified catalytic site and some regions far from the modification area. In addition, essential domain movement modes evidences that proteins modified with the RCS assayed induce changes in conformational flexibility. Finally, these data showed that the given conformational changes did not caused global changes in proteins but rather localized changes in particular regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pineda-Alemán
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Medicine Faculty, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Antistio Alviz-Amador
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | | | - Humberto Pérez-González
- Department of Mathematics, Exact and Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Erika Rodríguez-Cavallo
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Darío Méndez-Cuadro
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Exact and Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Cartagena, Colombia.
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6
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Dilshan MAH, Omeka WKM, Udayantha HMV, Liyanage DS, Rodrigo DCG, Hanchapola HACR, Kodagoda YK, Lee J, Lee S, Jeong T, Kim KM, Han HJ, Wan Q, Lee J. Molecular features, antioxidant potential, and immunological expression assessment of thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) in yellowtail clownfish (Amphiprion clarkii). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 141:109009. [PMID: 37598735 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) is a redox-active protein belonging to the thioredoxin family, which mainly controls the redox status of cells. The TXNL1 gene from Amphiprion clarkii (AcTXNL1) was obtained from a pre-established transcriptome database. The AcTXNL1 is encoded with 289 amino acids and is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The TXN domain of AcTXNL1 comprises a34CGPC37 motif with redox-reactive thiol (SH-) groups. The spatial distribution pattern of AcTXNL1 mRNA was examined in different tissues, and the muscle was identified as the highest expressed tissue. AcTXNL1 mRNA levels in the blood and gills were significantly increased in response to different immunostimulants. In vitro antioxidant capacity of the recombinant AcTXNL1 protein (rACTXNL1) was evaluated using the ABTS free radical-scavenging activity assay, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay, turbidimetric disulfide reduction assay, and DNA nicking protection assay. The potent antioxidant activity of rAcTXNL1 exhibited a concentration-dependent manner in all assays. Furthermore, in the cellular environment, overexpression of AcTXNL1 increased cell viability under H2O2 stress and reduced nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Collectively, the experimental results revealed that AcTXNL1 is an antioxidant and immunologically important gene in A. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A H Dilshan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - D C G Rodrigo
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - H A C R Hanchapola
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Kodagoda
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Min Kim
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute Fisheries Science, Jeju, 63068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Han
- Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute Fisheries Science, Jeju, 63068, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Z, Shibata T, Fujimura A, Kitaura J, Miyake K, Ohto U, Shimizu T. Structural basis for thioredoxin-mediated suppression of NLRP1 inflammasome. Nature 2023; 622:188-194. [PMID: 37704723 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome sensors detect pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns and promote inflammation and pyroptosis1. NLRP1 was the first inflammasome sensor to be described, and its hyperactivation is linked to autoinflammatory disease and cancer2-6. However, the mechanism underlying the activation and regulation of NLRP1 has not been clearly elucidated4,7,8. Here we identify ubiquitously expressed endogenous thioredoxin (TRX) as a binder of NLRP1 and a suppressor of the NLRP1 inflammasome. The cryo-electron microscopy structure of human NLRP1 shows NLRP1 bound to Spodoptera frugiperda TRX. Mutagenesis studies of NLRP1 and human TRX show that TRX in the oxidized form binds to the nucleotide-binding domain subdomain of NLRP1. This observation highlights the crucial role of redox-active cysteines of TRX in NLRP1 binding. Cellular assays reveal that TRX suppresses NLRP1 inflammasome activation and thus negatively regulates NLRP1. Our data identify the TRX system as an intrinsic checkpoint for innate immunity and provide opportunities for future therapeutic intervention in NLRP1 inflammasome activation targeting this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikuan Zhang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Shibata
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miyake
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Umeharu Ohto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Fan Y, Li M, Wu Y, Wang X, Wang P, Zhang L, Meng X, Meng F, Li Y. Characterization of thioredoxin gene TaTrxh9 associated with heading-time regulation in wheat. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107903. [PMID: 37499575 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase proteins that play important roles in a spectrum of processes linking redox regulation and signaling in plants. However, little is known about Trxs and their biological functions in wheat, one of the most important food crops worldwide. This study reports the identification and functional characterization of an h-type Trx gene, TaTrxh9, in wheat. Three homoeologs of TaTrxh9 were identified and the sequences in the coding region were highly consistent among the homoeologs. Protein characterization showed that a conserved Trx_family domain, as well as a typical active site with a dithiol signature (WCGPC), was included in TaTrxh9. Structural modeling demonstrated that TaTrxh9 could fold into a canonical thioredoxin structure consisting of five-stranded antiparallel beta sheets sandwiched between four alpha helices. The insulin disulfide reduction assay demonstrated that TaTrxh9 was catalytically active in vitro. TaTrxh9 overexpression in the Arabidopsis mutant trxh9 complemented the abnormal growth phenotypes of the mutant, suggesting is functionality in vivo. The transcription level of TaTrxh9 was higher in leaf tissues and it was differentially expressed during the development of wheat plants. Interestingly, barley stripe mosaic virus-mediated suppression of TaTrxh9 shortened the seedling-heading period of wheat. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene knockout confirmed that the TaTrxh9 mutation resulted in early heading of wheat. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report that Trxh is associated with heading-time regulation, which lays a foundation for further exploring the biological function of TaTrxh9 and provides new ideas for molecular breeding focusing on early heading in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Fan
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoteng Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Putong Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaodan Meng
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Fanrong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yongchun Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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9
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Chang YJ, Sung JH, Lee CS, Lee JH, Park HH. Comparison of the structure and activity of thioredoxin 2 and thioredoxin 1 from Acinetobacter baumannii. IUCrJ 2023; 10:147-155. [PMID: 36752373 PMCID: PMC9980383 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is essential in a redox-control system, with many bacteria containing two Trxs: Trx1 and Trx2. Due to a Trx system's critical function, Trxs are targets for novel antibiotics. Here, a 1.20 Å high-resolution structure of Trx2 from Acinetobacter baumannii (abTrx2), an antibiotic resistant pathogenic superbug, is elucidated. By comparing Trx1 and Trx2, it is revealed that the two Trxs possess similar activity, although Trx2 contains an additional N-terminal zinc-finger domain and exhibits more flexible properties in solution. Finally, it is shown that the Trx2 zinc-finger domain might be rotatable and that proper zinc coordination at the zinc-finger domain is critical to abTrx2 activity. This study enhances understanding of the Trx system and will facilitate the design of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sup Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Unit of Research for Practical Application, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Hanchapola HACR, Liyanage DS, Omeka WKM, Lim C, Kim G, Jeong T, Lee J. Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 (TXNDC12) in red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara): Molecular characteristics, disulfide reductase activities, and immune responses. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 132:108449. [PMID: 36436687 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins are small ubiquitous redox proteins that are involved in many biological processes. Proteins with thiol-disulfide bonds are essential regulators of cellular redox homeostasis and diagnostic markers for redox-dependent diseases. Here, we identified and characterized the thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 (EaTXNDC12) gene in red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara), evaluated transcriptional responses, and investigated the activity of the recombinant protein using functional assays. EaTXNDC12 is a 19.22-kDa endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein with a 522-bp open reading frame and 173 amino acids, including a signal peptide. We identified a conserved active motif (66WCGAC70) and ER retention motif (170GDEL173) in the EaTXNDC12 amino acid sequence. Relative EaTXNDC12 mRNA expression was analyzed using 12 different tissues, with the highest expression seen in brain tissue, while skin tissue showed the lowest expression level. Furthermore, mRNA expression in response to immune challenges was analyzed in the head kidney, blood, and gill tissues. EaTXNDC12 was significantly modulated in response to bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), nervous necrosis virus (NNV), and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) challenges in all of the tested tissues. Recombinant EaTXNDC12 (rEaTXNDC12) displayed antioxidant ability in an insulin reductase assay, and a capacity for free radical inhibition in a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay. In addition, a DNA nicking assay revealed that purified rEaTXNDC12 exhibited concentration-dependent DNA protection activity, while results from 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide and L-dehydroascorbic assays indicated that rEaTXNDC12a possesses reducing ability. Furthermore, fathead minnow (FHM) cells transfected with EaTXNDC12-pcDNA demonstrated significantly upregulated cell survival against H2O2-induced apoptosis. Collectively, the results of this study strengthen our knowledge of EaTXNDC12 with respect to cellular redox hemostasis and immune regulation in Epinephelus akaara.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A C R Hanchapola
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyeon Lim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Sircar E, Stoyanovsky DA, Billiar TR, Holmgren A, Sengupta R. Analysis of glutathione mediated S-(de)nitrosylation in complex biological matrices by immuno-spin trapping and identification of two novel substrates. Nitric Oxide 2022; 118:26-30. [PMID: 34742907 PMCID: PMC8688327 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) lies in the range of 1-10 mM, thereby indisputably making it the most abundant intracellular thiol. Such a copious amount of GSH makes it the most potent and robust cellular antioxidant that plays a crucial role in cellular defence against redox stress. The role of GSH as a denitrosylating agent is well established; in this study, we demonstrate GSH mediated denitrosylation of HepG2 cell-derived protein nitrosothiols (PSNOs), by a unique spin-trapping mechanism, using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) as the spin trapping agent, followed by a western blot analysis. We also report our findings of two, hitherto unidentified substrates of GSH mediated S-denitrosylation, namely S-nitrosoglutaredoxin 1 (Grx1-SNO) and S-nitrosylated R1 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (R1-SNO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Sircar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India; Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, West Bengal, India; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Anabuki T, Ohashi K, Takasuka TE, Matsuura H, Takahashi K. AtTrxh3, a Thioredoxin, Is Identified as an Abscisic AcidBinding Protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010161. [PMID: 35011393 PMCID: PMC8746859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA, 1) is a plant hormone that regulates various plant physiological processes such as seed developing and stress responses. The ABA signaling system has been elucidated; binding of ABA with PYL proteins triggers ABA signaling. We have previously reported a new method to isolate a protein targeted with a bioactive small molecule using a biotin linker with alkyne and amino groups, a protein cross-linker, and a bioactive small molecule with an azido group (azido probe). This method was used to identify the unknown ABA binding protein of Arabidopsis thaliana. As a result, AtTrxh3, a thioredoxin, was isolated as an ABA binding protein. Our developed method can be applied to the identification of binding proteins of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Anabuki
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (T.A.); (T.E.T.); (H.M.)
| | - Keisuke Ohashi
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan;
| | - Taichi E. Takasuka
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (T.A.); (T.E.T.); (H.M.)
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; (T.A.); (T.E.T.); (H.M.)
| | - Kosaku Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 165-8502, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5477-2679
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Nguyen TT, Hoang T, Tran KN, Kim H, Jang SH, Lee C. Essential roles of buried phenylalanine in the structural stability of thioredoxin from a psychrophilic Arctic bacterium Sphingomonas sp. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261123. [PMID: 34910731 PMCID: PMC8673628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx), a small redox protein, exhibits thermal stability at high temperatures regardless of its origin, including psychrophiles. Trxs have a common structure consisting of the central β-sheet flanked by an aliphatic cluster on one side and an aromatic cluster on the other side. Although the roles of aromatic amino acids in the folding and stability of proteins have been studied extensively, the contributions of aromatic residues to the stability and function of Trx, particularly Trxs from cold-adapted organisms, have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the roles of aromatic amino acids in the aromatic cluster of a Trx from the psychrophilic Arctic bacterium Sphingomonas sp. PAMC 26621 (SpTrx). The aromatic cluster of SpTrx was comprised of W11, F26, F69, and F80, in which F26 at the β2 terminus was buried inside. The substitution of tyrosine for F26 changed the SpTrx conformation substantially compared to that of F69 and F80. Further biochemical and spectroscopic investigations on F26 showed that the F26Y, F26W, and F26A mutants resulted in structural instability of SpTrx in both urea- and temperature-induced unfolding and lower insulin reduction activities. The Trx reductase (SpTR) showed lower catalytic efficiencies against F26 mutants compared to the wild-type SpTrx. These results suggest that buried F26 is essential for maintaining the active-site conformation of SpTrx as an oxidoreductase and its structural stability for interactions with SpTR at colder temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Trang Hoang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Kiet N. Tran
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Hyeonji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sei-Heon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - ChangWoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Center for Bio-Nanomaterials, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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14
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Shimizu A, Tobe R, Aono R, Inoue M, Hagita S, Kiriyama K, Toyotake Y, Ogawa T, Kurihara T, Goto K, Prakash NT, Mihara H. Initial Step of Selenite Reduction via Thioredoxin for Bacterial Selenoprotein Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010965. [PMID: 34681630 PMCID: PMC8538045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms reductively assimilate selenite to synthesize selenoprotein. Although the thioredoxin system, consisting of thioredoxin 1 (TrxA) and thioredoxin reductase with NADPH, can reduce selenite and is considered to facilitate selenite assimilation, the detailed mechanism remains obscure. Here, we show that selenite was reduced by the thioredoxin system from Pseudomonas stutzeri only in the presence of the TrxA (PsTrxA), and this system was specific to selenite among the oxyanions examined. Mutational analysis revealed that Cys33 and Cys36 residues in PsTrxA are important for selenite reduction. Free thiol-labeling assays suggested that Cys33 is more reactive than Cys36. Mass spectrometry analysis suggested that PsTrxA reduces selenite via PsTrxA-SeO intermediate formation. Furthermore, an in vivo formate dehydrogenase activity assay in Escherichia coli with a gene disruption suggested that TrxA is important for selenoprotein biosynthesis. The introduction of PsTrxA complemented the effects of TrxA disruption in E. coli cells, only when PsTrxA contained Cys33 and Cys36. Based on these results, we proposed the early steps of the link between selenite and selenoprotein biosynthesis via the formation of TrxA–selenium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Shimizu
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (A.S.); (R.T.); (R.A.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Ryuta Tobe
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (A.S.); (R.T.); (R.A.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Riku Aono
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (A.S.); (R.T.); (R.A.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Masao Inoue
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (A.S.); (R.T.); (R.A.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
- R-GIRO, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satoru Hagita
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (A.S.); (R.T.); (R.A.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Kaito Kiriyama
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (A.S.); (R.T.); (R.A.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Yosuke Toyotake
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.K.)
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.K.)
| | - Tatsuo Kurihara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.O.); (T.K.)
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan;
| | - N. Tejo Prakash
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India;
| | - Hisaaki Mihara
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (A.S.); (R.T.); (R.A.); (M.I.); (S.H.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(0)77-561-2732
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15
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Vaishali, Dimitrova-Paternoga L, Haubrich K, Sun M, Ephrussi A, Hennig J. Validation and classification of RNA binding proteins identified by mRNA interactome capture. RNA 2021; 27:1173-1185. [PMID: 34215685 PMCID: PMC8456996 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078700.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) take part in all steps of the RNA life cycle and are often essential for cell viability. Most RBPs have a modular organization and comprise a set of canonical RNA binding domains. However, in recent years a number of high-throughput mRNA interactome studies on yeast, mammalian cell lines, and whole organisms have uncovered a multitude of novel mRNA interacting proteins that lack classical RNA binding domains. Whereas a few have been confirmed to be direct and functionally relevant RNA binders, biochemical and functional validation of RNA binding of most others is lacking. In this study, we used a combination of NMR spectroscopy and biochemical studies to test the RNA binding properties of six putative RBPs. Half of the analyzed proteins showed no interaction, whereas the other half displayed weak chemical shift perturbations upon titration with RNA. One of the candidates we found to interact weakly with RNA in vitro is Drosophila melanogaster end binding protein 1 (EB1), a master regulator of microtubule plus-end dynamics. Further analysis showed that EB1's RNA binding occurs on the same surface as that with which EB1 interacts with microtubules. RNA immunoprecipitation and colocalization experiments suggest that EB1 is a rather nonspecific, opportunistic RNA binder. Our data suggest that care should be taken when embarking on an RNA binding study involving these unconventional, novel RBPs, and we recommend initial and simple in vitro RNA binding experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali
- Developmental Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lyudmila Dimitrova-Paternoga
- Developmental Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Haubrich
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mai Sun
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Ephrussi
- Developmental Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Biochemistry IV, Biophysical Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Schenkel M, Treff A, Deber CM, Krainer G, Schlierf M. Heat treatment of thioredoxin fusions increases the purity of α-helical transmembrane protein constructs. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1974-1982. [PMID: 34191368 PMCID: PMC8376418 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins play key roles in cellular signaling and transport, represent the majority of drug targets, and are implicated in many diseases. Their relevance renders them important subjects for structural, biophysical, and functional investigations. However, obtaining membrane proteins in high purities is often challenging with conventional purification steps alone. To address this issue, we present here an approach to increase the purity of α-helical transmembrane proteins. Our approach exploits the Thioredoxin (Trx) tag system, which is able to confer some of its favorable properties, such as high solubility and thermostability, to its fusion partners. Using Trx fusions of transmembrane helical hairpin constructs derived from the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and a bacterial ATP synthase, we establish conditions for the successful implementation of the selective heat treatment procedure to increase sample purity. We further examine systematically its efficacy with respect to different incubation times and temperatures using quantitative gel electrophoresis. We find that minute-timescale heat treatment of Trx-tagged fusion constructs with temperatures ranging from 50 to 90°C increases the purity of the membrane protein samples from ~60 to 98% even after affinity purification. We show that this single-step approach is even applicable in cases where regular selective heat purification from crude extracts, as reported for Trx fusions to soluble proteins, fails. Overall, our approach is easy to integrate into existing purification strategies and provides a facile route for increasing the purity of membrane protein constructs after purification by standard chromatography approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schenkel
- B CUBE – Center for Molecular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Antoine Treff
- B CUBE – Center for Molecular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Charles M. Deber
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research InstituteHospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Georg Krainer
- B CUBE – Center for Molecular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Michael Schlierf
- B CUBE – Center for Molecular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
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17
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Udayantha HMV, Samaraweera AV, Nadarajapillai K, Sandamalika WMG, Lim C, Yang H, Lee S, Lee J. Molecular characterization and immune regulatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic activities of thioredoxin domain-containing protein 17 (TXNDC17) in yellowtail clownfish (Amphiprion clarkii). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 115:75-85. [PMID: 34091036 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 17 (TXNDC17) is an important, highly conserved oxidoreductase protein, ubiquitously expressed in all living organisms. It is a small (~14 kDa) protein mostly co-expressed with thioredoxin 1 (TRx1). In the present study, we obtained the TXNDC17 gene sequence from a previously constructed yellowtail clownfish (Amphiprion clarkii) (AcTXNDC17) database and studied its phylogeny as well as the protein's molecular characteristics, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. The full length of the AcTXNDC17 cDNA sequence was 862 bp with a 372 bp region encoding a 123 amino acid (aa) protein. The predicted molecular mass and isoelectric point of AcTXNDC17 were 14.2 kDa and 5.75, respectively. AcTXNDC17 contained a TRX-related protein 14 domain and a highly conserved N-terminal Cys43-Pro44-Asp45-Cys46 motif. qPCR analysis revealed that AcTXNDC17 transcripts were ubiquitously and differently expressed in all the examined tissues. AcTXNDC17 expression in the spleen tissue was significantly upregulated in a time-dependent manner upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic-polycytidylic (poly I:C), and Vibrio harveyi. Besides, LPS-induced intrinsic apoptotic pathway (TNF-α, caspase-8, Bid, cytochrome C, caspase-9, and caspase-3) gene expression was significantly lower in AcTXNDC17-overexpressing RAW264.7 cells, as were NF-κB activation and nitric oxide (NO) production. Furthermore, the viability of H2O2-stimulated macrophages was significantly improved under AcTXNDC17 overexpression. Collectively, our findings indicate that AcTXNDC17 is involved in the innate immune response of the yellowtail clownfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Anushka Vidurangi Samaraweera
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - W M Gayashani Sandamalika
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Chaehyeon Lim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, South Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, South Korea.
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Maynard D, Viehhauser A, Knieper M, Dreyer A, Manea G, Telman W, Butter F, Chibani K, Scheibe R, Dietz KJ. The In Vitro Interaction of 12-Oxophytodienoic Acid and Related Conjugated Carbonyl Compounds with Thiol Antioxidants. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030457. [PMID: 33803875 PMCID: PMC8003295 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α,β-unsaturated carbonyls interfere with numerous plant physiological processes. One mechanism of action is their reactivity toward thiols of metabolites like cysteine and glutathione (GSH). This work aimed at better understanding these interactions. Both 12-oxophytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) and abscisic acid (ABA) conjugated with cysteine. It was found that the reactivity of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls with GSH followed the sequence trans-2-hexenal < 12-OPDA ≈ 12-OPDA-ethylester < 2-cyclopentenone << methyl vinylketone (MVK). Interestingly, GSH, but not ascorbate (vitamin C), supplementation ameliorated the phytotoxic potential of MVK. In addition, 12-OPDA and 12-OPDA-related conjugated carbonyl compounds interacted with proteins, e.g., with members of the thioredoxin (TRX)-fold family. 12-OPDA modified two cysteinyl residues of chloroplast TRX-f1. The OPDAylated TRX-f1 lost its activity to activate the Calvin-Benson-cycle enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). Finally, we show that 12-OPDA interacts with cyclophilin 20-3 (Cyp20-3) non-covalently and affects its peptidyl-prolyl-cis/trans isomerase activity. The results demonstrate the high potential of 12-OPDA as a diverse interactor and cellular regulator and suggest that OPDAylation may occur in plant cells and should be investigated as novel regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Maynard
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (G.M.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Andrea Viehhauser
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (G.M.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Madita Knieper
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (G.M.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Anna Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (G.M.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Ghamdan Manea
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (G.M.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Wilena Telman
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (G.M.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Falk Butter
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Kamel Chibani
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (G.M.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany;
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.); (M.K.); (A.D.); (G.M.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-5589
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19
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Nilewski S, Varatnitskaya M, Masuch T, Kusnezowa A, Gellert M, Baumann AF, Lupilov N, Kusnezow W, Koch MH, Eisenacher M, Berkmen M, Lillig CH, Leichert LI. Functional metagenomics of the thioredoxin superfamily. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100247. [PMID: 33361108 PMCID: PMC7949104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental sequence data of microbial communities now makes up the majority of public genomic information. The assignment of a function to sequences from these metagenomic sources is challenging because organisms associated with the data are often uncharacterized and not cultivable. To overcome these challenges, we created a rationally designed expression library of metagenomic proteins covering the sequence space of the thioredoxin superfamily. This library of 100 individual proteins represents more than 22,000 thioredoxins found in the Global Ocean Sampling data set. We screened this library for the functional rescue of Escherichia coli mutants lacking the thioredoxin-type reductase (ΔtrxA), isomerase (ΔdsbC), or oxidase (ΔdsbA). We were able to assign functions to more than a quarter of our representative proteins. The in vivo function of a given representative could not be predicted by phylogenetic relation but did correlate with the predicted isoelectric surface potential of the protein. Selected proteins were then purified, and we determined their activity using a standard insulin reduction assay and measured their redox potential. An unexpected gel shift of protein E5 during the redox potential determination revealed a redox cycle distinct from that of typical thioredoxin-superfamily oxidoreductases. Instead of the intramolecular disulfide bond formation typical for thioredoxins, this protein forms an intermolecular disulfide between the attacking cysteines of two separate subunits during its catalytic cycle. Our functional metagenomic approach proved not only useful to assign in vivo functions to representatives of thousands of proteins but also uncovered a novel reaction mechanism in a seemingly well-known protein superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Nilewski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marharyta Varatnitskaya
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Masuch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Protein Expression and Modification Division, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Kusnezowa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manuela Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne F Baumann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Natalie Lupilov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Witali Kusnezow
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mehmet Berkmen
- Protein Expression and Modification Division, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher H Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry - Microbial Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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20
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Onodera T, Momose I, Adachi H, Yamazaki Y, Sawa R, Ohba SI, Kawada M. Human pancreatic cancer cells under nutrient deprivation are vulnerable to redox system inhibition. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16678-16690. [PMID: 32978257 PMCID: PMC7864064 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large regions in tumor tissues, particularly pancreatic cancer, are hypoxic and nutrient-deprived because of unregulated cell growth and insufficient vascular supply. Certain cancer cells, such as those inside a tumor, can tolerate these severe conditions and survive for prolonged periods. We hypothesized that small molecular agents, which can preferentially reduce cancer cell survival under nutrient-deprived conditions, could function as anticancer drugs. In this study, we constructed a high-throughput screening system to identify such small molecules and screened chemical libraries and microbial culture extracts. We were able to determine that some small molecular compounds, such as penicillic acid, papyracillic acid, and auranofin, exhibit preferential cytotoxicity to human pancreatic cancer cells under nutrient-deprived compared with nutrient-sufficient conditions. Further analysis revealed that these compounds target to redox systems such as GSH and thioredoxin and induce accumulation of reactive oxygen species in nutrient-deprived cancer cells, potentially contributing to apoptosis under nutrient-deprived conditions. Nutrient-deficient cancer cells are often deficient in GSH; thus, they are susceptible to redox system inhibitors. Targeting redox systems might be an attractive therapeutic strategy under nutrient-deprived conditions of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Onodera
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Isao Momose
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Hayamitsu Adachi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yohko Yamazaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Ohba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
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21
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Zhao X, Yang F, Mariz F, Osen W, Bolchi A, Ottonello S, Müller M. Combined prophylactic and therapeutic immune responses against human papillomaviruses induced by a thioredoxin-based L2-E7 nanoparticle vaccine. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008827. [PMID: 32886721 PMCID: PMC7498061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Global burden of cervical cancer, the most common cause of mortality caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), is expected to increase during the next decade, mainly because current alternatives for HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening programs are costly to be established in low-and-middle income countries. Recently, we described the development of the broadly protective, thermostable vaccine antigen Trx-8mer-OVX313 based on the insertion of eight different minor capsid protein L2 neutralization epitopes into a thioredoxin scaffold from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus and conversion of the resulting antigen into a nanoparticle format (median radius ~9 nm) upon fusion with the heptamerizing OVX313 module. Here we evaluated whether the engineered thioredoxin scaffold, in addition to humoral immune responses, can induce CD8+ T-cell responses upon incorporation of MHC-I-restricted epitopes. By systematically examining the contribution of individual antigen modules, we demonstrated that B-cell and T-cell epitopes can be combined into a single antigen construct without compromising either immunogenicity. While CD8+ T-cell epitopes had no influence on B-cell responses, the L2 polytope (8mer) and OVX313-mediated heptamerization of the final antigen significantly increased CD8+ T-cell responses. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we found that vaccinated mice remained tumor-free even after two consecutive tumor challenges, while unvaccinated mice developed tumors. A cost-effective, broadly protective vaccine with both prophylactic and therapeutic properties represents a promising option to overcome the challenges associated with prevention and treatment of HPV-caused diseases. Currently, there are three licensed prophylactic vaccines available against HPV, but none of them shows a therapeutic effect on pre-existing infections. Thus, a prophylactic vaccine also endowed with a therapeutic activity presents application potentials to individuals regardless of their HPV-infection status. Such a dual-purpose vaccine would be particularly valuable for post-exposure prophylaxis and shields population from recurrent HPV infections. Here, we constructed a combined vaccine relying on L2- and E7-specific epitopes grafted onto the surface of a hyper-stable thioredoxin scaffold. The resulting antigen was converted into a nanoparticle format with the use of a heptamerization domain. Our data document that the modular design of the antigen allows combination of B-cell and T-cell epitopes in one antigen without compromising either’s immunogenicity. The antigen retains its ability to provide broad protection against different HPV types but also presents strong therapeutic effects in a mouse tumor model. Therefore, the vaccine is potentially capable of resolving productive infection as well as HPV-related malignancies, and thus benefitting both uninfected and already infected individuals. Moreover, our vaccine utilizes E. coli as protein producer and distribution does not require cold-chain, which reduces costs making it applicable to less-affluent countries.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/pharmacology
- Archaeal Proteins/chemistry
- Archaeal Proteins/pharmacology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cancer Vaccines/chemistry
- Cancer Vaccines/pharmacology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/pharmacology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/therapeutic use
- Papillomaviridae/chemistry
- Papillomaviridae/immunology
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/chemistry
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/pharmacology
- Pyrococcus furiosus/chemistry
- Thioredoxins/chemistry
- Thioredoxins/pharmacology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/immunology
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Zhao
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Filipe Mariz
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelo Bolchi
- Department of Chemical Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Ottonello
- Department of Chemical Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Martin Müller
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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22
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Prawisut A, Choknud S, Ketudat Cairns JR. Expression of rice β-exoglucanase II (OsExoII) in Escherichia coli, purification, and characterization. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 175:105708. [PMID: 32738438 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes involved in β-glucan breakdown in plants include endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases. Glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) exoglucanases from barley and maize and a few plant GH3 β-glucosidases have been characterized, but none from rice. A few of these enzymes have been expressed in recombinant yeast and plant systems, but bacterial expression of plant GH3 enzymes has not been successful. We expressed the rice GH3 exoglucanase OsExo2 in Escherichia coli as a thioredoxin fusion protein, while other active plant GH3 enzymes could not be produced in this system. The protein was purified over 2000-fold in three chromatographic steps. The enzyme hydrolyzed β-1,3- and β-1,4-linked oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, consistent with a role in cell wall remodeling. Of the oligosaccharides tested, it had highest catalytic efficiency toward laminaritriose, (apparent kcat/Km = 37.7 mM-1s-1). Among polysaccharides, OsExoII hydrolyzed barley mixed β-glucan and laminarin with similar efficiencies (apparent kcat/Km = 3.7 and 3.4 mL mg-1 s-1, respectively), but achieved its highest apparent kcat with lichenan (2.9 s-1). OsExoII was found to be stimulated by ethylene glycol, which increased the apparent kcat and decreased the Km and was transglycosylated. These results imply that E. coli expression may be successful for certain plant GH3 enzymes and OsExoII may be a useful enzyme for application to glycoside production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akkarawit Prawisut
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Sunaree Choknud
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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23
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Dietschreit JCB, Wagner A, Le TA, Klein P, Schindelin H, Opatz T, Engels B, Hellmich UA, Ochsenfeld C. Predicting 19 F NMR Chemical Shifts: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study of a Trypanosomal Oxidoreductase-Inhibitor Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12669-12673. [PMID: 32239740 PMCID: PMC7496126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The absence of fluorine from most biomolecules renders it an excellent probe for NMR spectroscopy to monitor inhibitor-protein interactions. However, predicting the binding mode of a fluorinated ligand from a chemical shift (or vice versa) has been challenging due to the high electron density of the fluorine atom. Nonetheless, reliable 19 F chemical-shift predictions to deduce ligand-binding modes hold great potential for in silico drug design. Herein, we present a systematic QM/MM study to predict the 19 F NMR chemical shifts of a covalently bound fluorinated inhibitor to the essential oxidoreductase tryparedoxin (Tpx) from African trypanosomes, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness. We include many protein-inhibitor conformations as well as monomeric and dimeric inhibitor-protein complexes, thus rendering it the largest computational study on chemical shifts of 19 F nuclei in a biological context to date. Our predicted shifts agree well with those obtained experimentally and pave the way for future work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Wagner
- Dept. ChemistrySection BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz55128MainzGermany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ)Goethe-University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - T. Anh Le
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Philipp Klein
- Dept. ChemistrySection Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz55128MainzGermany
| | - Hermann Schindelin
- Institute of Structural BiologyRudolf Virchow Center for Experimental BiomedicineUniversity of Würzburg97080WürzburgGermany
| | - Till Opatz
- Dept. ChemistrySection Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz55128MainzGermany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Straße 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ute A. Hellmich
- Dept. ChemistrySection BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz55128MainzGermany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ)Goethe-University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Str. 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Theoretical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Munich (LMU)Butenandtstr. 781377MunichGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research70569StuttgartGermany
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24
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Avagyan S, Vasilchuk D, Makhatadze GI. Protein adaptation to high hydrostatic pressure: Computational analysis of the structural proteome. Proteins 2020; 88:584-592. [PMID: 31618488 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure has a vital role in the biological adaptation of the piezophiles, organisms that live under high hydrostatic pressure. However, the mechanisms by which piezophiles are able to adapt their proteins to high hydrostatic pressure is not well understood. One proposed hypothesis is that the volume changes of unfolding (ΔVTot ) for proteins from piezophiles is distinct from those of nonpiezophilic organisms. Since ΔVTot defines pressure dependence of stability, we performed a comprehensive computational analysis of this property for proteins from piezophilic and nonpiezophilic organisms. In addition, we experimentally measured the ΔVTot of acylphosphatases and thioredoxins belonging to piezophilic and nonpiezophilic organisms. Based on this analysis we concluded that there is no difference in ΔVTot for proteins from piezophilic and nonpiezophilic organisms. Finally, we put forward the hypothesis that increased concentrations of osmolytes can provide a systemic increase in pressure stability of proteins from piezophilic organisms and provide experimental thermodynamic evidence in support of this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samvel Avagyan
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Daniel Vasilchuk
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - George I Makhatadze
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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25
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Braun TS, Widder P, Osswald U, Groß L, Williams L, Schmidt M, Helmle I, Summerer D, Drescher M. Isoindoline-Based Nitroxides as Bioresistant Spin Labels for Protein Labeling through Cysteines and Alkyne-Bearing Noncanonical Amino Acids. Chembiochem 2020; 21:958-962. [PMID: 31657498 PMCID: PMC7187341 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) is a powerful tool in protein structural research. Nitroxides are highly suitable spin labeling reagents, but suffer from limited stability, particularly in the cellular environment. Herein we present the synthesis of a maleimide- and an azide-modified tetraethyl-shielded isoindoline-based nitroxide (M- and Az-TEIO) for labeling of cysteines or the noncanonical amino acid para-ethynyl-l-phenylalanine (pENF). We demonstrate the high stability of TEIO site-specifically attached to the protein thioredoxin (TRX) against reduction in prokaryotic and eukaryotic environments, and conduct double electron-electron resonance (DEER) measurements. We further generate a rotamer library for the new residue pENF-Az-TEIO that affords a distance distribution that is in agreement with the measured distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sophie Braun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)University of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Pia Widder
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)University of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Uwe Osswald
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Lina Groß
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Lara Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
| | - Irina Helmle
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
- Present address: Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Pharmaceutical BiologyUniversity of TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 872076TübingenGermany
| | - Daniel Summerer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU DortmundOtto-Hahn-Strasse 4a44227DortmundGermany
| | - Malte Drescher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB)University of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 1078457KonstanzGermany
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26
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Dóka É, Ida T, Dagnell M, Abiko Y, Luong NC, Balog N, Takata T, Espinosa B, Nishimura A, Cheng Q, Funato Y, Miki H, Fukuto JM, Prigge JR, Schmidt EE, Arnér ESJ, Kumagai Y, Akaike T, Nagy P. Control of protein function through oxidation and reduction of persulfidated states. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax8358. [PMID: 31911946 PMCID: PMC6938701 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible oxidation of Cys residues to sulfinic/sulfonic forms typically impairs protein function. We found that persulfidation (CysSSH) protects Cys from irreversible oxidative loss of function by the formation of CysSSO1-3H derivatives that can subsequently be reduced back to native thiols. Reductive reactivation of oxidized persulfides by the thioredoxin system was demonstrated in albumin, Prx2, and PTP1B. In cells, this mechanism protects and regulates key proteins of signaling pathways, including Prx2, PTEN, PTP1B, HSP90, and KEAP1. Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we show that (i) CysSSH and CysSSO3H species are abundant in mouse liver and enzymatically regulated by the glutathione and thioredoxin systems and (ii) deletion of the thioredoxin-related protein TRP14 in mice altered CysSSH levels on a subset of proteins, predicting a role for TRP14 in persulfide signaling. Furthermore, selenium supplementation, polysulfide treatment, or knockdown of TRP14 mediated cellular responses to EGF, suggesting a role for TrxR1/TRP14-regulated oxidative persulfidation in growth factor responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- É. Dóka
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - T. Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan
| | - M. Dagnell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y. Abiko
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - N. C. Luong
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575 Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen, Hue, Vietnam
| | - N. Balog
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - T. Takata
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan
| | - B. Espinosa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Nishimura
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan
| | - Q. Cheng
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y. Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J. M. Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, Sonoma, CA 94928, USA
| | - J. R. Prigge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - E. E. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - E. S. J. Arnér
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y. Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T. Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan
| | - P. Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding author.
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Yang D, Liu X, Xu W, Gu Z, Yang C, Zhang L, Tan J, Zheng X, Wang Z, Quan S, Zhang Y, Liu Q. The Edwardsiella piscicida thioredoxin-like protein inhibits ASK1-MAPKs signaling cascades to promote pathogenesis during infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007917. [PMID: 31314784 PMCID: PMC6636751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important that bacterium can coordinately deliver several effectors into host cells to disturb the cellular progress during infection, however, the precise role of effectors in host cell cytosol remains to be resolved. In this study, we identified a new bacterial virulence effector from pathogenic Edwardsiella piscicida, which presents conserved crystal structure to thioredoxin family members and is defined as a thioredoxin-like protein (Trxlp). Unlike the classical bacterial thioredoxins, Trxlp can be translocated into host cells, mimicking endogenous thioredoxin to abrogate ASK1 homophilic interaction and phosphorylation, then suppressing the phosphorylation of downstream Erk1/2- and p38-MAPK signaling cascades. Moreover, Trxlp-mediated inhibition of ASK1-Erk/p38-MAPK axis promotes the pathogenesis of E. piscicida in zebrafish larvae infection model. Taken together, these data provide insights into the mechanism underlying the bacterial thioredoxin as a virulence effector in downmodulating the innate immune responses during E. piscicida infection. Thioredoxin (Trx) is universally conserved thiol-oxidoreductase that regulates numerous cellular pathways under thiol-based redox control in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Despite its central importance, the mechanism of bacterial Trx recognizes its target proteins in host cellular signaling remains unknown. Here, we uncover a bacterial thioredoxin-like protein that can be translocated into host cells and mimic the endogenous TRX1 to target ASK1-MAPK signaling, finally facilitating bacterial pathogenesis. This work expands our understanding of bacterial thioredoxins in manipulating host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinchao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Sultan A, Andersen B, Christensen JB, Poulsen HD, Svensson B, Finnie C. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Barley-Based Liquid Feed and the Effect of Protease Inhibitors and NADPH-Dependent Thioredoxin Reductase/Thioredoxin (NTR/Trx) System. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6432-6444. [PMID: 31095381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liquid feeding strategies have been devised with the aim of enhancing grain nutrient availability for livestock. It is characterized by a steeping/soaking period that softens the grains and initiates mobilization of seed storage reserves. The present study uses 2D gel-based proteomics to investigate the role of proteolysis and reduction by thioredoxins over a 48 h steeping period by monitoring protein abundance dynamics in barley-based liquid feed samples supplemented with either protease inhibitors or NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin (NTR/Trx). Several full-length storage proteins were only identified in the water-extractable fraction of feed containing protease inhibitors, illustrating significant inhibition of proteolytic activities arising during the steeping period. Application of functional NTR/Trx to liquid feed reductively increased the solubility of known and potentially new Trx-target proteins, e.g., outer membrane protein X, and their susceptibility to proteolysis. Thus, the NTR/Trx system exhibits important potential as a feed additive to enhance nutrient digestibility in monogastric animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Sultan
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Technical University of Denmark , Søltofts Plads, Building 224 , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Birgit Andersen
- Agricultural and Environmental Proteomics, Department of Systems Biology , Technical University of Denmark , Søltofts Plads, Building 224 , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Jesper Bjerg Christensen
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition and Physiology , Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Building S20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| | - Hanne Damgaard Poulsen
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition and Physiology , Aarhus University , Blichers Allé 20, Building S20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Technical University of Denmark , Søltofts Plads, Building 224 , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Christine Finnie
- Agricultural and Environmental Proteomics, Department of Systems Biology , Technical University of Denmark , Søltofts Plads, Building 224 , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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29
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Llabani E, Hicklin RW, Lee HY, Motika SE, Crawford LA, Weerapana E, Hergenrother PJ. Diverse compounds from pleuromutilin lead to a thioredoxin inhibitor and inducer of ferroptosis. Nat Chem 2019; 11:521-532. [PMID: 31086302 PMCID: PMC6639018 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical diversification of natural products provides a robust and general method for the creation of stereochemically rich and structurally diverse small molecules. The resulting compounds have physicochemical traits different from those in most screening collections, and as such are an excellent source for biological discovery. Herein, we subject the diterpene natural product pleuromutilin to reaction sequences focused on creating ring system diversity in few synthetic steps. This effort resulted in a collection of compounds with previously unreported ring systems, providing a novel set of structurally diverse and highly complex compounds suitable for screening in a variety of different settings. Biological evaluation identified the novel compound ferroptocide, a small molecule that rapidly and robustly induces ferroptotic death of cancer cells. Target identification efforts and CRISPR knockout studies reveal that ferroptocide is an inhibitor of thioredoxin, a key component of the antioxidant system in the cell. Ferroptocide positively modulates the immune system in a murine model of breast cancer and will be a useful tool to study the utility of pro-ferroptotic agents for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evijola Llabani
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert W Hicklin
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyang Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen E Motika
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lisa A Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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30
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Abstract
The chemical diversification of natural products provides a robust and general method for the creation of stereochemically rich and structurally diverse small molecules. The resulting compounds have physicochemical traits different from those in most screening collections, and as such are an excellent source for biological discovery. Herein, we subject the diterpene natural product pleuromutilin to reaction sequences focused on creating ring system diversity in few synthetic steps. This effort resulted in a collection of compounds with previously unreported ring systems, providing a novel set of structurally diverse and highly complex compounds suitable for screening in a variety of different settings. Biological evaluation identified the novel compound ferroptocide, a small molecule that rapidly and robustly induces ferroptotic death of cancer cells. Target identification efforts and CRISPR knockout studies reveal that ferroptocide is an inhibitor of thioredoxin, a key component of the antioxidant system in the cell. Ferroptocide positively modulates the immune system in a murine model of breast cancer and will be a useful tool to study the utility of pro-ferroptotic agents for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evijola Llabani
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert W Hicklin
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyang Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen E Motika
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lisa A Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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31
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Tian LJ, Min Y, Li WW, Chen JJ, Zhou NQ, Zhu TT, Li DB, Ma JY, An PF, Zheng LR, Huang H, Liu YZ, Yu HQ. Substrate Metabolism-Driven Assembly of High-Quality CdS xSe 1- x Quantum Dots in Escherichia coli: Molecular Mechanisms and Bioimaging Application. ACS Nano 2019; 13:5841-5851. [PMID: 30969107 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis offers opportunities for cost-effective and sustainable production of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), but is currently restricted by poor controllability on the synthesis process, resulting from limited knowledge on the assembly mechanisms and the lack of effective control strategies. In this work, we provide molecular-level insights into the formation mechanism of biogenic QDs (Bio-QDs) and its connection with the cellular substrate metabolism in Escherichia coli. Strengthening the substrate metabolism for producing more reducing power was found to stimulate the production of several reduced thiol-containing proteins (including glutaredoxin and thioredoxin) that play key roles in Bio-QDs assembly. This effectively diverted the transformation route of the selenium (Se) and cadmium (Cd) metabolic from Cd3(PO4)2 formation to CdS xSe1- x QDs assembly, yielding fine-sized (2.0 ± 0.4 nm), high-quality Bio-QDs with quantum yield (5.2%) and fluorescence lifetime (99.19 ns) far exceeding the existing counterparts. The underlying mechanisms of Bio-QDs crystallization and development were elucidated by density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulation. The resulting Bio-QDs were successfully used for bioimaging of cancer cells and tumor tissue of mice without extra modification. Our work provides fundamental knowledge on the Bio-QDs assembly mechanisms and proposes an effective, facile regulation strategy, which may inspire advances in controlled synthesis and practical applications of Bio-QDs as well as other bionanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jiao Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yuan Min
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jie-Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Nan-Qing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Dao-Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jing-Yuan Ma
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204 , China
| | - Peng-Fei An
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Li-Rong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yang-Zhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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32
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Sanzo-Machuca Á, Monje Moreno JM, Casado-Navarro R, Karakuzu O, Guerrero-Gómez D, Fierro-González JC, Swoboda P, Muñoz MJ, Garsin DA, Pedrajas JR, Barrios A, Miranda-Vizuete A. Redox-dependent and redox-independent functions of Caenorhabditis elegans thioredoxin 1. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101178. [PMID: 30953965 PMCID: PMC6449771 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRX) are traditionally considered as enzymes catalyzing redox reactions. However, redox-independent functions of thioredoxins have been described in different organisms, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. We report here the characterization of the first generated endogenous redox-inactive thioredoxin in an animal model, the TRX-1 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that TRX-1 dually regulates the formation of an endurance larval stage (dauer) by interacting with the insulin pathway in a redox-independent manner and the cGMP pathway in a redox-dependent manner. Moreover, the requirement of TRX-1 for the extended longevity of worms with compromised insulin signalling or under calorie restriction relies on TRX-1 redox activity. In contrast, the nuclear translocation of the SKN-1 transcription factor and increased LIPS-6 protein levels in the intestine upon trx-1 deficiency are strictly redox-independent. Finally, we identify a novel function of C. elegans TRX-1 in male food-leaving behaviour that is redox-dependent. Taken together, our results position C. elegans as an ideal model to gain mechanistic insight into the redox-independent functions of metazoan thioredoxins, overcoming the limitations imposed by the embryonic lethal phenotypes of thioredoxin mutants in higher organisms. C. elegans expressing endogenous “redox-dead” TRX-1 are viable. The extended lifespan extension of worm daf-2 and eat-2 mutants and the food-leaving behaviour of C. elegans males requires a redox-active TRX-1. The SKN-1 nuclear translocation and increased lips-6 expression upon TRX-1 deficiency is redox-independent. TRX-1 regulates dauer formation by both redox-dependent and redox-independent mechanisms. C. elegans is an ideal model to interrogate on the molecular mechanisms underlying the redox-independent functions of metazoan thioredoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Sanzo-Machuca
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Casado-Navarro
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ozgur Karakuzu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Guerrero-Gómez
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Peter Swoboda
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Manuel J Muñoz
- Department of Genetics, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Danielle A Garsin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - José Rafael Pedrajas
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Señalización Celular, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Arantza Barrios
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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33
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Mao Z, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Yang X, Zhang X, Huang Y, Sawada N, Mitsui T, Takeda M, Yao J. Pharmacological levels of hydrogen sulfide inhibit oxidative cell injury through regulating the redox state of thioredoxin. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:190-199. [PMID: 30639567 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous mediator with multifaceted biological activities. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Currently, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Given that Trx/ASK1/P38 signaling pathway mediates many oxidative cell responses, we tested whether and how H2S affected this pathway. Exposure of podocytes to Adriamycin (ADR), an antitumor drug, led to a P38-mediated oxidative cell injury, as evidenced by the increased protein carbonylation, oxidative activation of P38, and prevention of the cell death by antioxidants, NADPH oxidase inhibitor and P38 inhibitor. In the presence of H2S donor NaHS, however, the podocyte injury was largely prevented. NaHS also significantly prevented cell death elicited by H2O2, menadione, and thioredoxin (Trx) inhibitors. These effects of H2S were also associated with a potent inhibition of P38. Further analysis revealed that H2S did not affect the protein level of TXNIP and Trx, two pivotal regulators of ASK1/P38 activation, but it promoted the dissociation of Trx from TXNIP. Moreover, it disrupted the H2O2-initiated polymerization of Trx and converted Trx from the oxidized to the reduced form. In HepG2 cells, inhibition of H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) increased Trx oxidation, promoted Trx binding to TXNIP and exaggerated cell injury caused by Trx inhibition. Collectively, our results indicate that H2S exerted its antioxidative effects through the regulation of the redox state of Trx and interference with Trx/ASK1/P38 signaling pathway. Given the importance of the pathway in the mediation of multiple oxidative cell responses, our study thus provides novel mechanistic insight into the action of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Mao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yanru Huang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Xiawen Yang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Xiling Zhang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yong Huang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jian Yao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
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Liyanage DS, Omeka WKM, Yang H, Godahewa GI, Kwon H, Nam BH, Lee J. Identification of thioredoxin domain-containing protein 17 from big-belly seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis: Molecular insights, immune responses, and functional characterization. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 86:301-310. [PMID: 30453048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 17 (TXNDC17) is a small protein (∼14 kDa) involved in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis via a thiol-disulfide reductase activity. In this study, TXNDC17 was identified and characterized from Hippocampus abdominalis. The open reading frame (ORF) consisted of 369 bp and 123 amino acids. Similar to the other thioredoxins, TXNDC17 contained a conserved WCXXC functional motif. The highest spatial mRNA expressions of HaTXNDC17 were observed in the muscle, brain, and intestine. Interestingly, the mRNA expression of HaTXNDC17 in blood showed significant upregulation at 48 h against all the pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacteria. Further, HaTXNDC17 transcripts in the trunk kidney were significantly upregulated at 24-48 h by bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS), viral mimic polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), and gram-negative bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda). The DPPH assay showed that the radical scavenging activity varies in a concentration-dependent manner. The insulin reduction assay demonstrated a significant logarithmic relationship with the concentration of rHaTXNDC17. Moreover, FHM cells treated with recombinant HaTXNDC17 significantly enhanced cellular viability under oxidative stress. Together, these results show that HaTXNDC17 function is important for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and that it is also involved in the immune mechanism in seahorses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Kwon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Guo NN, Sun XJ, Xie YK, Yang GW, Kang CJ. Cloning and functional characterization of thioredoxin gene from kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 86:429-435. [PMID: 30502470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As an important disulfide reductase of the intracellular antioxidant system, Thioredoxin (Trx) plays an important role in maintaining oxidative stress balance and protecting cells from oxidative damage. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that Trx is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of various diseases and a potential therapeutic target for major diseases including lung, colon, cervical, gastric and pancreatic cancer. However, few knowledge is known about the function of Trx in virus infection. In this study, we reported the cloning and functional investigation of a Trx homologue gene, named MjTrx, in shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus suffered white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. MjTrx is a 105-amino acid polypeptide with a conservative Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys motif in the catalytic center. Phylogenetic trees analysis showed that MjTrx has a higher relationship with Trx from other invertebrate and clustered with Trx1 from arthropod. MjTrx transcripts is abundant in the gill and intestine tissues and can be detected in the hemocytes, heart, stomach, and hepatopancreas tissues. The transcription levels of MjTrx in hemocytes, gills and intestine tissues of shrimp were significantly up-regulated after white spot syndrome virus infection. MjTrx was recombinant expressed in vitro and exhibited obvious disulfide reductase activity. In addition, overexpression MjTrx in shrimp resulted in the increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in vivo. All these results strongly suggested that MjTrx functioned in redox homeostasis regulating and played an important role in shrimp antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Ya-Kai Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Gui-Wen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Cui-Jie Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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Bose M, Bhattacharyya S, Biswas R, Roychowdhury A, Bhattacharjee A, Ghosh AK, Das AK. Elucidation of the mechanism of disulfide exchange between staphylococcal thioredoxin2 and thioredoxin reductase2: A structural insight. Biochimie 2019; 160:1-13. [PMID: 30710560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The redox homeostasis of cytoplasm is maintained by a series of disulfide exchange reactions mediated by proteins belonging to the thioredoxin superfamily. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, being the major members of the family, play a key role in oxidative stress response of Staphylococcus aureus. In this report, we have identified and characterised an active thioredoxin system of the mentioned pathogen. Crystal structure of thioredoxin2 (SaTrx2) in its reduced form reveals that it contains the conserved redox active WCXXC motif and a thioredoxin fold. Thioredoxin reductase2 (SaTR2) is a flavoprotein and consists of two Rossmann folds as the binding sites for FAD and NADPH. Crystal structure of the SaTR2 holoenzyme shows that the protein consists of two domains and the catalytic site comprises of an intramolecular disulfide bond formed between two sequentially distal cysteine residues. Biophysical and biochemical studies unveil that SaTrx2 and SaTR2 can physically interact in solution and in the course of sustaining the redox equilibrium, the latter reduces the former. Molecular docking has been performed to illustrate the interface formed between SaTrx2 and SaTR2 during the disulfide exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sudipta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Rupam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Amlan Roychowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Ananta Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Sun X, Chen M, Jia F, Hou Y, Hu SQ. Crystal Structure of Wheat Glutaredoxin and Its Application in Improving the Processing Quality of Flour. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:12079-12087. [PMID: 30346751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a ubiquitous oxidoreductase that plays a vital role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. In comparison to Grx from other organisms, plant Grx is unique in that it has many isoforms, which, thus, suggests probably diverse functions and mechanisms. Therefore, structure-function characterization of plant Grx is necessary to have in-depth knowledge and explore its application in industry. In this study, wheat Grx (wGrx) was overexpressed and purified and the crystal structure of wGrx was determined at 2.94 Å resolution. Interestingly, the structure for the first time captured both the oxidized form and the transient state of reduced-oxidized wGrx in a crystal. The mutagenesis of wGrx suggests that it adopts a monothiol catalytic mechanism. wGrx has the ability to reduce wheat thioredoxin (wTrx), and this is the first example of the reduction of thioredoxin subgroup h class II by Grx. Flour farinograph and dynamic rheological analysis showed that wGrx together with wTrx has a positive effect on dough formation, which is probably attributed to the increased sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-insoluble gluten macropolymer (GMP) through increasing the intermolecular disulfide bond induced by the wGrx-wTrx system. The results indicate great potential of wGrx-wTrx as a novel synergetic enzymatic additive and may be employed to fine-tune the processing performance of food related to the redox reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510641 , People's Republic of China
| | - Meirong Chen
- Graduate School of Life Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Feng Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510641 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Qing Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510641 , People's Republic of China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510640 , People's Republic of China
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38
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Liu J, Cheng R, Wu H, Li S, Wang PG, DeGrado WF, Rozovsky S, Wang L. Building and Breaking Bonds via a Compact S-Propargyl-Cysteine to Chemically Control Enzymes and Modify Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12702-12706. [PMID: 30118570 PMCID: PMC6169525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Analogous to reversible post-translational protein modifications, the ability to attach and subsequently remove modifications on proteins would be valuable for protein and biological research. Although bioorthogonal functionalities have been developed to conjugate or cleave protein modifications, they are introduced into proteins on separate residues and often with bulky side chains, limiting their use to one type of control and primarily protein surface. Here we achieved dual control on one residue by genetically encoding S-propargyl-cysteine (SprC), which has bioorthogonal alkyne and propargyl groups in a compact structure, permitting usage in protein interior in addition to surface. We demonstrated its incorporation at the dimer interface of glutathione transferase for in vivo crosslinking via thiol-yne click chemistry, and at the active site of human rhinovirus 3C protease for masking and then turning on enzyme activity via Pd-cleavage of SprC into Cys. In addition, we installed biotin onto EGFP via Sonogashira coupling of SprC and then tracelessly removed it via Pd cleavage. SprC is small in size, commercially available, nontoxic, and allows for bond building and breaking on a single residue. Genetically encoded SprC will be valuable for chemically controlling proteins with an essential Cys and for reversible protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Dr. J. Liu, Dr. H. Wu, S. Li, Prof. W. F. DeGrado, and Prof. L. Wang University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Rujin Cheng
- R. Cheng, and Prof. S. Rozovsky.University of Delaware, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Haifan Wu
- Dr. J. Liu, Dr. H. Wu, S. Li, Prof. W. F. DeGrado, and Prof. L. Wang University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Shanshan Li
- Dr. J. Liu, Dr. H. Wu, S. Li, Prof. W. F. DeGrado, and Prof. L. Wang University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, 94158
- S. Li, Prof. P.G. Wang Department of Chemistry and Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
| | - Peng G. Wang
- S. Li, Prof. P.G. Wang Department of Chemistry and Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Dr. J. Liu, Dr. H. Wu, S. Li, Prof. W. F. DeGrado, and Prof. L. Wang University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Sharon Rozovsky
- R. Cheng, and Prof. S. Rozovsky.University of Delaware, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Newark, DE, 19716
| | - Lei Wang
- Dr. J. Liu, Dr. H. Wu, S. Li, Prof. W. F. DeGrado, and Prof. L. Wang University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA, 94158
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Langford TF, Huang BK, Lim JB, Moon SJ, Sikes HD. Monitoring the action of redox-directed cancer therapeutics using a human peroxiredoxin-2-based probe. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3145. [PMID: 30087344 PMCID: PMC6081480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox cancer therapeutics target the increased reliance on intracellular antioxidant systems and enhanced susceptibility to oxidant-induced stress of some cancer cells compared to normal cells. Many of these therapeutics are thought to perturb intracellular levels of the oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a signaling molecule that modulates a number of different processes in human cells. However, fluorescent probes for this species remain limited in their ability to detect the small perturbations induced during successful treatments. We report a fluorescent sensor based upon human peroxiredoxin-2, which acts as the natural indicator of small H2O2 fluctuations in human cells. The new probe reveals peroxide-induced oxidation in human cells below the detection limit of current probes, as well as peroxiredoxin-2 oxidation caused by two different redox cancer therapeutics in living cells. This capability will be useful in elucidating the mechanism of current redox-based therapeutics and in developing new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy F Langford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Beijing K Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph B Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Sun Jin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA.
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40
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Modi T, Huihui J, Ghosh K, Ozkan SB. Ancient thioredoxins evolved to modern-day stability-function requirement by altering native state ensemble. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170184. [PMID: 29735738 PMCID: PMC5941179 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (THRXs)-small globular proteins that reduce other proteins-are ubiquitous in all forms of life, from Archaea to mammals. Although ancestral thioredoxins share sequential and structural similarity with the modern-day (extant) homologues, they exhibit significantly different functional activity and stability. We investigate this puzzle by comparative studies of their (ancient and modern-day THRXs') native state ensemble, as quantified by the dynamic flexibility index (DFI), a metric for the relative resilience of an amino acid to perturbations in the rest of the protein. Clustering proteins using DFI profiles strongly resemble an alternative classification scheme based on their activity and stability. The DFI profiles of the extant proteins are substantially different around the α3, α4 helices and catalytic regions. Likewise, allosteric coupling of the active site with the rest of the protein is different between ancient and extant THRXs, possibly explaining the decreased catalytic activity at low pH with evolution. At a global level, we note that the population of low-flexibility (called hinges) and high-flexibility sites increases with evolution. The heterogeneity (quantified by the variance) in DFI distribution increases with the decrease in the melting temperature typically associated with the evolution of ancient proteins to their modern-day counterparts.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Allostery and molecular machines'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Modi
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jonathan Huihui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80209, USA
| | - Kingshuk Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80209, USA
| | - S Banu Ozkan
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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41
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Liyanage DS, Omeka WKM, Godahewa GI, Lee J. Molecular characterization of thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) from big-belly seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis in response to immune stimulation. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 75:181-189. [PMID: 29427717 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin is a highly conserved protein found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in response to metabolic processes, radiation, metal oxidation, and pathological infections. High levels of ROS lead to cell death via autophagy. However, thioredoxin acts as an active regulatory enzyme in response to excessive ROS. Here, we performed in-silico analysis, immune challenge experiments, and functional assays of seahorse thioredoxin-like protein 1 (ShTXNL1). Evolutionary identification showed that ShTXNL1 protein belongs to the thioredoxin superfamily comprising 289 amino acids. It possesses an N-terminal active thioredoxin domain and C-terminal proteasome-interacting thioredoxin domain (PITH) of ShTXNL1 which is a component of 26S proteasome and binds to the matrix or cell. Pairwise alignment results showed 99.0% identity and 99.7% similarity with the sequence of Hippocampus species. Conserved thiol-disulfide cysteine residue containing Cys-X-X-Cys motif may be found in the first few amino acids in the second beta sheet starting from the N-terminus. This motif can be discovered in ShTXNL1 as 14CRPC17 and comprised two N-linked glycosylation sites at 72NISA75 and 139NESD142. According to the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis from healthy seahorses, highest ShTXNL1 mRNA expression was observed in muscle, followed by ovary, brain, gill, and blood tissues. Moreover, significant temporal expression of ShTXNL1 was observed in gill and blood tissues after bacterial stimuli. Thus, the ShTXNL1 gene may be identified as an immunologically important gene in seahorse.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Goemans CV, Beaufay F, Wahni K, Van Molle I, Messens J, Collet JF. An essential thioredoxin is involved in the control of the cell cycle in the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3839-3848. [PMID: 29367337 PMCID: PMC5846133 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are antioxidant proteins that are conserved among all species. These proteins have been extensively studied and perform reducing reactions on a broad range of substrates. Here, we identified Caulobacter crescentus Trx1 (CCNA_03653; CcTrx1) as an oxidoreductase that is involved in the cell cycle progression of this model bacterium and is required to sustain life. Intriguingly, the abundance of CcTrx1 varies throughout the C. crescentus cell cycle: although the expression of CcTrx1 is induced in stalked cells, right before DNA replication initiation, CcTrx1 is actively degraded by the ClpXP protease in predivisional cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that regulation of the abundance of CcTrx1 is crucial for cell growth and survival as modulating CcTrx1 levels leads to cell death. Finally, we also report a comprehensive biochemical and structural characterization of this unique and essential Trx. The requirement to precisely control the abundance of CcTrx1 for cell survival underlines the importance of redox control for optimal cell cycle progression in C. crescentus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille V Goemans
- From WELBIO, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium,
- the de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Beaufay
- the de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Khadija Wahni
- the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- the Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium, and
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Van Molle
- the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- the Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium, and
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- the Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium, and
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Collet
- From WELBIO, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium,
- the de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- the Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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43
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Chibani K, Saul F, Didierjean C, Rouhier N, Haouz A. Structural snapshots along the reaction mechanism of the atypical poplar thioredoxin-like2.1. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1030-1041. [PMID: 29453875 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plastidial thioredoxin (TRX)-like2.1 proteins are atypical thioredoxins possessing a WCRKC active site signature and using glutathione for recycling. To obtain structural information supporting the peculiar catalytic mechanisms and target proteins of these TRXs, we solved the crystal structures of poplar TRX-like2.1 in oxidized and reduced states and of mutated variants. These structures share similar folding with TRXs exhibiting the canonical WCGPC signature. Moreover, the overall conformation is not altered by reduction of the catalytic disulfide bond or in a C45S/C67S variant that formed a disulfide-bridged dimer possibly mimicking reaction intermediates with target proteins. Modeling of the interaction of TRX-like2.1 with both NADPH- and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductases (FTR) indicates that the presence of Arg43 and Lys44 residues likely precludes reduction by the plastidial FTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chibani
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine/INRA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Frederick Saul
- Institut Pasteur, Plateforme de Cristallographie, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Rouhier
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine/INRA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- Institut Pasteur, Plateforme de Cristallographie, CNRS-UMR 3528, Paris, France
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44
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Libiad M, Motl N, Akey DL, Sakamoto N, Fearon ER, Smith JL, Banerjee R. Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase-like domain-containing 1 protein interacts with thioredoxin. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:2675-2686. [PMID: 29348167 PMCID: PMC5827441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodanese domains are structural modules present in the sulfurtransferase superfamily. These domains can exist as single units, in tandem repeats, or fused to domains with other activities. Despite their prevalence across species, the specific physiological roles of most sulfurtransferases are not known. Mammalian rhodanese and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase are perhaps the best-studied members of this protein superfamily and are involved in hydrogen sulfide metabolism. The relatively unstudied human thiosulfate sulfurtransferase-like domain-containing 1 (TSTD1) protein, a single-domain cytoplasmic sulfurtransferase, was also postulated to play a role in the sulfide oxidation pathway using thiosulfate to form glutathione persulfide, for subsequent processing in the mitochondrial matrix. Prior kinetic analysis of TSTD1 was performed at pH 9.2, raising questions about relevance and the proposed model for TSTD1 function. In this study, we report a 1.04 Å resolution crystal structure of human TSTD1, which displays an exposed active site that is distinct from that of rhodanese and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Kinetic studies with a combination of sulfur donors and acceptors reveal that TSTD1 exhibits a low Km for thioredoxin as a sulfane sulfur acceptor and that it utilizes thiosulfate inefficiently as a sulfur donor. The active site exposure and its interaction with thioredoxin suggest that TSTD1 might play a role in sulfide-based signaling. The apical localization of TSTD1 in human colonic crypts, which interfaces with sulfide-releasing microbes, and the overexpression of TSTD1 in colon cancer provide potentially intriguing clues as to its role in sulfide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Libiad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Nicole Motl
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David L Akey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Eric R Fearon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Human Genetics, and Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Janet L Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
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45
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Biddau M, Bouchut A, Major J, Saveria T, Tottey J, Oka O, van-Lith M, Jennings KE, Ovciarikova J, DeRocher A, Striepen B, Waller RF, Parsons M, Sheiner L. Two essential Thioredoxins mediate apicoplast biogenesis, protein import, and gene expression in Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006836. [PMID: 29470517 PMCID: PMC5823475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites are global killers, being the causative agents of diseases like toxoplasmosis and malaria. These parasites are known to be hypersensitive to redox imbalance, yet little is understood about the cellular roles of their various redox regulators. The apicoplast, an essential plastid organelle, is a verified apicomplexan drug target. Nuclear-encoded apicoplast proteins traffic through the ER and multiple apicoplast sub-compartments to their place of function. We propose that thioredoxins contribute to the control of protein trafficking and of protein function within these apicoplast compartments. We studied the role of two Toxoplasma gondiiapicoplast thioredoxins (TgATrx), both essential for parasite survival. By describing the cellular phenotypes of the conditional depletion of either of these redox regulated enzymes we show that each of them contributes to a different apicoplast biogenesis pathway. We provide evidence for TgATrx1’s involvement in ER to apicoplast trafficking and TgATrx2 in the control of apicoplast gene expression components. Substrate pull-down further recognizes gene expression factors that interact with TgATrx2. We use genetic complementation to demonstrate that the function of both TgATrxs is dependent on their disulphide exchange activity. Finally, TgATrx2 is divergent from human thioredoxins. We demonstrate its activity in vitro thus providing scope for drug screening. Our study represents the first functional characterization of thioredoxins in Toxoplasma, highlights the importance of redox regulation of apicoplast functions and provides new tools to study redox biology in these parasites. To survive, apicomplexan parasites must adjust to the redox insults they experience. These parasites undergo redox stresses induced by the host cell within which they live, by the host immune system, and by their own metabolic activities. Yet the myriad of cellular processes that are affected by redox changes and that may take part in maintaining the redox balance within the parasite are largely understudied. Thioredoxins are enzymes that link the redox state of subcellular environments to the functional state or the cellular trafficking of their substrate proteins. In this work, we identify two pathways that are controlled by two thioredoxins in the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii, and demonstrate that both are essential for parasite survival. We show that each of these enzymes contributes to the function of the apicomplexan plastid, the apicoplast, a unique parasite organelle with importance for drug discovery efforts. We thus highlight that part of the apicomplexan sensitivity to redox imbalance is specifically related to the apicoplast, and point at the importance of thioredoxins in mediating apicoplast biogenesis. Finally, our work raises the potential of apicoplast thioredoxins as new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Biddau
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Bouchut
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jack Major
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Saveria
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Julie Tottey
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ojore Oka
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, Wolfson Link Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel van-Lith
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, Wolfson Link Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Elizabeth Jennings
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Brooks Dr. Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Jana Ovciarikova
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Amy DeRocher
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Boris Striepen
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Brooks Dr. Athens, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Marilyn Parsons
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lilach Sheiner
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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46
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Buchko GW, Hewitt SN, Van Voorhis WC, Myler PJ. Solution NMR structures of oxidized and reduced Ehrlichia chaffeensis thioredoxin: NMR-invisible structure owing to backbone dynamics. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:46-56. [PMID: 29372907 PMCID: PMC5947692 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1701799x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins are small ubiquitous proteins that participate in a diverse variety of redox reactions via the reversible oxidation of two cysteine thiol groups in a structurally conserved active site. Here, the NMR solution structures of a reduced and oxidized thioredoxin from Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Ec-Trx, ECH_0218), the etiological agent responsible for human monocytic ehrlichiosis, are described. The overall topology of the calculated structures is similar in both redox states and is similar to those of other thioredoxins: a five-stranded, mixed β-sheet (β1-β3-β2-β4-β5) surrounded by four α-helices. Unlike other thioredoxins studied by NMR in both redox states, the 1H-15N HSQC spectrum of reduced Ec-Trx was missing eight additional amide cross peaks relative to the spectrum of oxidized Ec-Trx. These missing amides correspond to residues Cys35-Glu39 in the active-site-containing helix (α2) and Ser72-Ile75 in a loop near the active site, and suggest a change in backbone dynamics on the millisecond-to-microsecond timescale associated with the breakage of an intramolecular Cys32-Cys35 disulfide bond in a thioredoxin. A consequence of the missing amide resonances is the absence of observable or unambiguous NOEs to provide the distance restraints necessary to define the N-terminal end of the α-helix containing the CPGC active site in the reduced state. This region adopts a well defined α-helical structure in other reported reduced thioredoxin structures, is mostly helical in oxidized Ec-Trx and CD studies of Ec-Trx in both redox states suggests there is no significant difference in the secondary structure of the protein. The NMR solution structure of reduced Ec-Trx illustrates that the absence of canonical structure in a region of a protein may be owing to unfavorable dynamics prohibiting NOE observations or unambiguous NOE assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry W. Buchko
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen N. Hewitt
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wesley C. Van Voorhis
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter J. Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Health Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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47
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Abstract
Free thiol-containing proteins are suggested to work as antioxidants in beer, but the majority of thiols in wort are present in their oxidized form as disulfides and are therefore not active as antioxidants. Thioredoxin, a disulfide-reducing protein, is released into the wort from some yeast strains during fermentation. The capacity of the thioredoxin enzyme system (thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, NADPH) to reduce oxidized thiols in boiled wort under fermentation-like conditions was studied. Free thiols were quantitated in boiled wort samples by derivatization with ThioGlo1 and fluorescence detection of thiol-derivatives. When boiled wort was incubated with all components of the thioredoxin system at pH 7.0 and 25 °C for 60 min under anaerobic conditions, the free thiol concentration increased from 25 to 224 μM. At pH values similar to wort (pH 5.7) and beer (pH 4.5), the thioredoxin system was also capable of increasing the free thiol concentration, although with lower efficiency to 187 and 170 μM, respectively. The presence of sulfite, an important antioxidant in beer secreted by the yeast during fermentation, was found to inactivate thioredoxin by sulfitolysis. Reduction of oxidized thiols by the thioredoxin system was therefore only found to be efficient in the absence of sulfite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne N Murmann
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Per Hägglund
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark , Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark , Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marianne N Lund
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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48
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Liu Q, Yang J, Cai J, Luan Y, Sattar H, Liu M, Xu S, Zhang Z. Analysis of the Interactions Between Thioredoxin and 20 Selenoproteins in Chicken. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:304-317. [PMID: 28251482 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small molecular protein with complicated functions in a number of processes, including inflammation, apoptosis, embryogenesis, cardiovascular disease, and redox regulation. Some selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio), and thioredoxin reductase (TR), are involved in redox regulation. However, whether there are interactions between Trx and selenoproteins is still not known. In the present paper, we used a Modeller, Hex 8.0.0, and the KFC2 Server to predict the interactions between Trx and selenoproteins. We used the Modeller to predict the target protein in objective format and assess the accuracy of the results. Molecular interaction studies with Trx and selenoproteins were performed using the molecular docking tools in Hex 8.0.0. Next, we used the KFC2 Server to further test the protein binding sites. In addition to the selenoprotein physiological functions, we also explored potential relationships between Trx and selenoproteins beyond all the results we got. The results demonstrate that Trx has the potential to interact with 19 selenoproteins, including iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (Dio1), iodothyronine deiodinase 3 (Dio3), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1), glutathione peroxidase 2 (Gpx2), glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3), glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), selenoprotein H (SelH), selenoprotein I (SelI), selenoprotein M (SelM), selenoprotein N (SelN), selenoprotein T (SelT), selenoprotein U (SelU), selenoprotein W (SelW), selenoprotein 15 (Sep15), methionine sulfoxide reductase B (Sepx1), selenophosphate synthetase 1 (SPS1), TR1, TR2, and TR3, among which TR1, TR2, TR3, SPS1, Sep15, SelN, SelM, SelI, Gpx2, Gpx3, Gpx4, and Dio3 exhibited intense correlations with Trx. However, additional experiments are needed to verify them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hamid Sattar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Iqbal A, Almeida FCL. 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift assignments of Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 1 thioredoxin in the oxidized state by solution NMR spectroscopy. Biomol NMR Assign 2017; 11:221-224. [PMID: 28808882 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-017-9752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trx) are ubiquitous proteins that regulate several biochemical processes inside the cell. Trx is an important player, displaying oxidoreductase activity and helping to keep and regulate the oxidative state of the cellular environment. Trx also participates in the regulation of many cellular functions, such as DNA synthesis, protection against oxidative stress, cell cycle and signal transduction. The oxidized Trx is the target for another set of proteins, such as thioredoxin reductase (TrR), which used the reductive potential of NADPH. The oxidized state of Trx also plays important role in regulation of redox state in the cells. In this regard, the oxidized form of Trx is a putative conformer that contributes to the cellular redox environment. Here we report the chemical shift assignments (1H, 13C and 15N) in solution at 15 °C. We also showed the secondary structure analysis of the oxidized form of yeast thioredoxin (yTrx1) as basis for future NMR studies of protein-target interactions and dynamics. The assignment was done at low concentration (200 µM) because it is important to keep intact the water cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Iqbal
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS/CNRMN, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CNRMN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio C L Almeida
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS/CNRMN, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-599, Brazil.
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CNRMN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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50
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Wagner A, Diehl E, Krauth-Siegel RL, Hellmich UA. Backbone NMR assignments of tryparedoxin, the central protein in the hydroperoxide detoxification cascade of African trypanosomes, in the oxidized and reduced form. Biomol NMR Assign 2017; 11:193-196. [PMID: 28573456 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-017-9746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tryparedoxin (Tpx) is a pivotal protein in the redox-metabolism of trypanosomatid parasites. Tpx has previously been identified as a potential target for drug development in the fight against human African sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei. Tpx belongs to the thioredoxin superfamily and acts as an oxidoreductase in the parasite's cytoplasm. It contains a WCPPC active site motif, which enables the protein to undergo thiol-disulfide exchange. To promote future protein-drug interaction analyses, we report the 1H, 13C and 15N backbone chemical shift assignments for both the oxidized and reduced states of Tpx. The redox state of the protein has a significant impact on the chemical shifts of the residues at the active site of the protein, especially on the two redox active site cysteines. The NMR assignments presented here will be a prerequisite for investigating drug binding to Tpx in molecular detail and to drive further drug optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wagner
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim Becherweg 30, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max von Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erika Diehl
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim Becherweg 30, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max von Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Luise Krauth-Siegel
- Biochemie-Zentrum, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim Becherweg 30, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max von Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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